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The assessment of physicochemical properties of Cisplatin complexes with purines and vitamins B group. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 113:108144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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2
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Debefve LM, Pollock CJ. Systematic assessment of DFT methods for geometry optimization of mononuclear platinum-containing complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24780-24788. [PMID: 34714314 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01851e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Platinum is used extensively as a catalyst for a wide variety of chemical reactions, though its scarcity and price present limitations to expansions of its use. To understand the origin of platinum's versatility-with the goals of both improving the efficiency of existing catalysts and mimicking its reactivity with more abundant metals-the mechanisms of platinum-catalyzed chemical reactions must be understood via structural and spectroscopic characterization of these catalysts under operando conditions. Such data, typically consisting of complex mixtures of species, often prove challenging to interpret, inviting the aid of chemical theory. DFT calculations in particular have proven successful at predicting structural and spectroscopic parameters of transition metal species, though a thorough investigation of how these methods perform for platinum-based complexes has yet to be undertaken. Herein, we evaluated the performance of geometry optimization for five commonly used functionals (BP86, PBE, B3LYP, PBE0, and TPSSh) in combination with various ligand basis sets, relativistic approximations, and solvation and dispersion models. We applied these DFT methods to a training set of 14 platinum-containing complexes with varying sizes, oxidation states, and number and type of ligands and determined that the best-performing method was the PBE0 functional together with the def2-TZVP basis set for the ligand atoms, the ZORA relativistic approximation, and solvation and dispersion corrections. The ability of this DFT methodology to accurately predict metrical parameters was confirmed using two case studies, most notably by comparing the DFT optimized geometry of a previously uncharacterized complex to newly collected EXAFS data, which showed excellent agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Debefve
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Wilson Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
| | - Christopher J Pollock
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Wilson Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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3
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de Almeida CA, Pinto LPNM, Dos Santos HF, Paschoal DFS. Vibrational frequencies and intramolecular force constants for cisplatin: assessing the role of the platinum basis set and relativistic effects. J Mol Model 2021; 27:322. [PMID: 34636999 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of platinum basis set (PTBS) and relativistic effects for predicting the vibrational frequencies and intramolecular force constants for cisplatin are discussed. Nonrelativistic and relativistic computational protocols were built at B3LYP/PTBS/jorge-DZP/C-PCM and B3LYP-DKH2/PTBS/jorge-DZP-DKH/C-PCM levels, respectively, where 19 distinct PTBS were tested. As expected, the structural parameters were not very sensitive to the PTBS, however, the inclusion of relativistic effects improves the description of the cisplatin structure. When it comes to the vibrational frequencies, the results show that the PTBS, and mainly the relativistic effects, are both important. Moreover, the PBE0 functional led to better results than B3LYP in the protocols PBE0/LANL2TZ(f)/jorge-DZP/C-PCM (P20) and PBE0-DKH2/Sapporo-DKH3-DZP-2012/jorge-DZP-DKH/C-PCM (P22), which provided a mean absolute deviation (MAD) of only 10.8 cm-1 and 9.5 cm-1, respectively, for vibrational frequencies, which are excellent choices to study Pt complexes. Finally, a discussion of the intramolecular force constants for cisplatin is carried out, with the calculated bond and angles force constants with P20 and P22 protocols being recommended for the parameterization of the force field of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A de Almeida
- NQTCM: Núcleo de Química Teórica E Computacional de Macaé, Polo Ajuda, Instituto Multidisciplinar de Química, Centro Multidisciplinar UFRJ-Macaé, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 27.973-545, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Larissa P N M Pinto
- NQTCM: Núcleo de Química Teórica E Computacional de Macaé, Polo Ajuda, Instituto Multidisciplinar de Química, Centro Multidisciplinar UFRJ-Macaé, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 27.973-545, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Hélio F Dos Santos
- NEQC: Núcleo de Estudos Em Química Computacional, Departamento de Química - ICE, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, 36.036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Diego F S Paschoal
- NQTCM: Núcleo de Química Teórica E Computacional de Macaé, Polo Ajuda, Instituto Multidisciplinar de Química, Centro Multidisciplinar UFRJ-Macaé, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 27.973-545, Macaé, RJ, Brazil.
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Bélanger-Desmarais N, Schütz M, Reber C. Remarkably Intricate Raman Spectra of Platinum(II)-Ligand Skeletal Modes in Diamminedihalido Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5574-5579. [PMID: 31145614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
More than 100 calculations of vibrational frequencies for cis-[Pt(NH3)2X2] (X = Cl-, Br-) and trans-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] have been published over the past 25 years. The high-quality Raman spectra presented here have sufficient resolution in the crucial region of metal-ligand modes to permit an assessment of frequency calculations. The peaks for symmetric and antisymmetric Pt-Cl stretching modes νs and νa are resolved in the 312-333 cm-1 region. Frequency variations due to 35Cl and 37Cl isotopes are shown to be comparable in size to the differences between νs and νa. Peaks corresponding to the two Pt-Br stretching frequencies are observed at 213 and 218 cm-1 and Pt-N stretching frequencies for all compounds between 485 and 540 cm-1. The crystal structures of trans-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] and cis-[Pt(NH3)2Br2] at 300 and 120 K are reported and complement the variable-temperature vibrational frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Schütz
- Département de chimie , Université de Montréal , Montréal , Québec H3C 3J7 , Canada
| | - Christian Reber
- Département de chimie , Université de Montréal , Montréal , Québec H3C 3J7 , Canada
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Tasinato N, Puzzarini C, Barone V. Correct Modeling of Cisplatin: a Paradigmatic Case. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Tasinato
- Scuola Normale Superiore; Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Cristina Puzzarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”; Università di Bologna; Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Scuola Normale Superiore; Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7 56126 Pisa Italy
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Tasinato N, Puzzarini C, Barone V. Correct Modeling of Cisplatin: a Paradigmatic Case. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13838-13841. [PMID: 28857397 PMCID: PMC5656895 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemistry is a useful tool in modern approaches to drug and material design, but only when the adopted model reflects a correct physical picture. Paradigmatic is the case of cis‐diaminodichloroplatinum(II), cis‐[Pt(NH3)2Cl2], for which the correct simulation of the structural and vibrational properties measured experimentally still remains an open question. By using this molecule as a proof of concept, it is shown that state‐of‐the‐art quantum chemical calculations and a simple model, capturing the basic physical flavors, a cis‐[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] dimer, can provide the accuracy required for interpretative purposes. The present outcomes have fundamental implications for benchmark studies aiming at assessing the accuracy of a given computational protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Tasinato
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Puzzarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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Georgieva I, Trendafilova N, Dodoff N, Kovacheva D. DFT study of the molecular and crystal structure and vibrational analysis of cisplatin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 176:58-66. [PMID: 28073067 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
DFT and periodic-DFT (PAW-PBE method, code VASP) calculations have been performed to study the structural and vibrational characteristics of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) at molecular and outside molecular level. To estimate the effect of the intermolecular interactions in crystal on the structural and vibrational properties of cisplatin, three theoretical models are considered in the present study: monomer (isolated molecule), hydrogen bonded dimer and periodic solid state structures. The work focused on the role of the theoretical models for correct modeling and prediction of geometrical and vibrational parameters of cisplatin. It has been found that the elaborate three-dimensional intermolecular hydrogen bonding network in the crystalline cisplatin significantly influences the structural and vibrational pattern of cisplatin and therefore the isolated cisplatin molecule is not the correct computational model regardless of the theoretical level used. To account for the whole intermolecular hydrogen bonding network in direction of both a and c axis and for more reliable calculations of structural and vibrational parameters periodic DFT calculations were carried out in the full crystalline periodic environment with the known lattice parameters for each cisplatin polymorph phase. The model calculations performed both at molecular level and for the periodic structures of alpha and beta cisplatin polymorph forms revealed the decisive role of the extended theoretical model for reliable prediction of the structural and vibrational characteristics of cisplatin. The powder diffraction pattern and the calculated IR and Raman spectra predicted beta polymorph form of our cisplatin sample freshly synthesized for the purposes of the present study using the Dhara's method. The various rotamers realized in the polymorph forms of cisplatin were explained by the low population of the large number of rotamers in solution as well as with the high rotamer interconversion rate due to the low energy barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Georgieva
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 11, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - N Trendafilova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 11, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - N Dodoff
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 21, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - D Kovacheva
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 11, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Abstract
Systems containing platinum (Pt) are more challenging for reliable computations, because Pt has 78 electrons and requires relativistic treatment. However, to reduce computational demands, most previous researchers used effective core potentials. In this investigation, we perform numerous computations on the cisplatin molecule with ab initio methods and density functional theory, some of which involve all electron and zero-order relativistic approximation. Tentative conclusions on the reliability of various methods are drawn from comparison of our results with previous calculations and available experimental data. Vibrational and electronic spectra are calculated and compared with previous studies and available experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delano P. Chong
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Wang Y, Liu Q, Qiu L, Wang T, Yuan H, Lin J, Luo S. Molecular structure, IR spectra, and chemical reactivity of cisplatin and transplatin: DFT studies, basis set effect and solvent effect. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 150:902-8. [PMID: 26119356 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Three different density functional theory (DFT) methods were employed to study the molecular structures of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) and trans-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (TDDP). The basis set effect on the structure was also investigated. By comparing the optimized structures with the experimental data, a relatively more accurate method was chosen for further study of the IR spectra and other properties as well as the solvent effect. Nineteen characteristic vibrational bands of the title compounds were assigned and compared with available experimental data. The number of characteristic peaks for the asymmetric stretching and deformation vibrations of N-H can serve as a judgment for the isomer between CDDP and TDDP. Significant solvent effect was observed on the molecular structures and IR spectra. The reduced density gradient analysis was performed to study the intramolecular interactions of CDDP and TDDP, and the nature of changes in the structures caused by the solvent was illustrated. Several descriptors determined from the energies of frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) were applied to describe the chemical reactivity of the title compounds. The molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) surfaces showed that the amino groups were the most favorable sites that nucleophilic reagents tend to attack, and CDDP was easier to be attacked by nucleophilic reagents than TDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Liu
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China; School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Tengfei Wang
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Haoliang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Shineng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China; School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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Malik M, Michalska D. Assessment of new DFT methods for predicting vibrational spectra and structure of cisplatin: which density functional should we choose for studying platinum(II) complexes? SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 125:431-9. [PMID: 24583852 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ten different DFT methods, including several recently developed functionals have been tested for their performances in prediction of infrared and Raman spectra and molecular structure of cisplatin. The assessed DFT methods cover the range from meta-GGA to hybrid, double hybrid and long-range corrected hybrid models (M06-L, M06, M06-2X, PBE0, mPW1PW, B3LYP, B2PLYP, CAM-B3LYP, ωB97XD and LC-ωPBE). The calculated structural parameters and theoretical spectra have been compared to the corresponding experimental data. It is shown that the LC-ωPBE scheme is superior to other DFT methods in predicting the geometry of cisplatin. Unfortunately, the M06-L, M06-2X and B3LYP functionals are deficient in the evaluation of the strength of two Pt←NH3 coordination bonds in cisplatin (the calculated bond lengths are too long and the Pt-N stretching frequencies are underestimated). Both the PBE0 and mPW1PW functionals, in conjunction with the LanL2TZ(f) basis set for Pt give very similar theoretical results and seem to be the best methods for predicting the IR and Raman spectra of cisplatin. The long-range corrected functionals (LC-ωPBE, ωB97XD and CAM-B3LYP) have shown good performances in predicting the frequencies of Pt-ligand vibrations and are promising new tools for theoretical study of novel platinum(II) compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Malik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Smoluchowskiego 23, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Danuta Michalska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Smoluchowskiego 23, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
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Liu L, Gao H, Cui Z. Molecular structure and vibrational spectra studies on antipyrine derivative, 4-(2,3,4-trihydroxybenzylideneamino) antipyrine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 112:191-197. [PMID: 23666354 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The molecular geometry, theoretical harmonic frequencies and infrared intensities of 4-(2,3,4-trihydroxybenzylideneamino) antipyrine (THBAP) were calculated using different density functional methods (LSDA, mPW1PW91, B3LYP and HCTH) with various basic sets, including 3-21G, 6-311G, LanL2DZ, and SDD. The purpose of this research is to compare the performance of different density functional theory (DFT) methods at different basis sets in predicting geometry and vibration spectrum of THBAP. The optimized geometric band lengths and bond angles obtained by using mPW1PW91 at both LanL2DZ and SDD basic sets show the best agreement with the experimental data. A comparison between the observed fundamental vibrational frequencies of THBAP and the calculated results has been made and the result indicates that the mPW1PW91/6-311G level is superior to all the remaining levels for predicting all the vibration spectra on average for THBAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekun Liu
- Institute of Watershed Science and Environmental Ecology, Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang 325035, China
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Marques MPM, Valero R, Parker SF, Tomkinson J, Batista de Carvalho LAE. Polymorphism in cisplatin anticancer drug. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:6421-9. [PMID: 23642237 DOI: 10.1021/jp403486z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a combined experimental and theoretical study of the solid-state polymorphism of the anticancer agent cisplatin. A complete assignment was performed for the inelastic neutron scattering (INS) and Raman spectra collected simultaneously for cisplatin, at different temperatures, with a view to obtain reliable and definitive evidence of the relative thermal stability of its α and β polymorphic species. A marked temperature-dependent hysteresis was observed, as previously reported in the literature. Theoretical calculations were carried out at the density functional theory level, using a plane-wave basis set approach and pseudopotentials. A detailed comparison with the experimental Raman and INS data showed that the α polymorph is present at the lowest temperatures, whereas the β form occurs near room temperature. Furthermore, regions of coexistence of both forms are identified, which depend on the working mode (heating or cooling). These findings imply that Raman spectroscopy allows clear identification of the α and β polymorphs at a given temperature and can unambiguously discriminate between them. Elucidation of the polymorphic equilibrium of this widely used anticancer drug is paramount for its pharmaceutical preparation and storage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paula M Marques
- Research Unit Molecular Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Platinum and Palladium Polyamine Complexes as Anticancer Agents: The Structural Factor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/287353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction of cisplatin to oncology in 1978, Pt(II) and Pd(II) compounds have been intensively studied with a view to develop the improved anticancer agents. Polynuclear polyamine complexes, in particular, have attracted special attention, since they were found to yield DNA adducts not available to conventional drugs (through long-distance intra- and interstrand cross-links) and to often circumvent acquired cisplatin resistance. Moreover, the cytotoxic potency of these polyamine-bridged chelates is strictly regulated by their structural characteristics, which renders this series of compounds worth investigating and their synthesis being carefully tailored in order to develop third-generation drugs coupling an increased spectrum of activity to a lower toxicity. The present paper addresses the latest developments in the design of novel antitumor agents based on platinum and palladium, particularly polynuclear chelates with variable length aliphatic polyamines as bridging ligands, highlighting the close relationship between their structural preferences and cytotoxic ability. In particular, studies by vibrational spectroscopy techniques are emphasised, allowing to elucidate the structure-activity relationships (SARs) ruling anticancer activity.
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Computational study of Au_4 cluster on a carbon nanotube with and without defects using QM/MM methodology. J Mol Model 2012; 18:4885-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Dodoff NI. A DFT/ECP-Small Basis Set Modelling of Cisplatin: Molecular Structure and Vibrational Spectrum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/cmb.2012.22004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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