Sertraline and its iodine product: experimental and theoretical vibrational studies: potential in vitro anti-thyroid activity of sertraline and iodine product toxicity with respect to male Wistar rats

Exploring the potential anti-thyroid activity of Acetyl-L-carnitine: Lactoperoxidase inhibition profile, iodine complexation and scavenging power against H2O2. Experimental and theoretical studies

L-Acetylcarnitine (ALC), a versatile compound, has demonstrated beneficial effects in depression, Alzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment, and other conditions. This study focuses on its antithyroid activity. The precursor molecule, L-carnitine, inhibited the uptake of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), and it is possible that ALC may reduce the iodination process of T3 and T4. Currently, antithyroid drugs are used to control the excessive production of thyroid hormones (TH) through various mechanisms: (i) forming electron donor-acceptor complexes with molecular iodine, (ii) eliminating hydrogen peroxide, and (iii) inhibiting the enzyme thyroid peroxidase. To understand the pharmacological properties of ALC, we investigated its plausible mechanisms of action. ALC demonstrated the ability to capture iodine (Kc = 8.07 ± 0.32 x 105 M-1), inhibit the enzyme lactoperoxidase (LPO) (IC50 = 17.60 ± 0.76 µM), and scavenge H2O2 (39.82 ± 0.67 mM). A comprehensive physicochemical characterization of ALC was performed using FTIR, Raman, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, along with theoretical DFT calculations. The inhibition process was assessed through fluorescence spectroscopy and vibrational analysis. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to predict the binding mode of ALC to LPO and to gain a better understanding into the inhibition process. Furthermore, albumin binding experiments were also conducted. These findings highlight the potential of ALC as a therapeutic agent, providing valuable insights for further investigating its role in the treatment of thyroid disorders.

DFT study of sertraline hydrochloride antidepressant drug

CONTEXT

The global reactivity and molecular stability of sertraline hydrochloride (SHCl) are predicted for chemical and photo-biological applications. SHCl has a wide indirect HOMO-LUMO gap of about 4.77 eV. The p orbital states of nitrogen and chlorine atoms play the main role in HOMO and LUMO energy levels. Maximum optical transitions are observed at the energy range of 4.96 to 5.64 eV. The main reflectivity occurs at the ultraviolet energy range of 5.51 to 6.16 eV. Obtained high absorption in the ultraviolet region is in good agreement with experiments. It is found that SHCl can be used in new antidepressant drugs.

METHODS

Optoelectronic properties of SHCl was performed using density functional theory (DFT) calculations as implemented in WIEN2k package. The generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the Modified Becke and Johnson (mBJ) potential are used for calculation of the exchange-correlation potentials.

Antidepressant and antinociceptive activities in animal models and in vitro assessment of the anti-thyroid activity of bis(DL-pyroglutamate)magnesium complex

BACKGROUND

Magnesium is an essential element related with biochemistry of the brain and different types of depression have been associated with its deficiency.

METHODS

The structure of a novel magnesium bis(DL-pyroglutamate) (Mg(DL-pGlu)2) was elucidated by X-ray crystallography. Wistar rats were used in the in vivo experiments. The antidepressant-like effect was assessed by the forced swim test (FST) and the antinociceptive activity was evaluated using hot plate test. In both, non-specific effects were evaluated by the open field test. Anti-thyroid activity was examined using Lang's method. Albumin binding behavior was evaluated by 3D fluorescence spectroscopy.

RESULTS

For the Mg(DL-pGlu)2 complex (30 mg/kg), the FST test on Wistar rats revealed a decrease of 22% in the immobility time and an increment of 106% in the swimming time. The compound alters neither the locomotor activity nor the body weight after chronic administration. At the same dose, it showed antinociceptive activity, increasing the response latency. It blocks iodination reactions generating a charge transfer complex with iodine hence indicating anti-thyroid activity (Kc = 45366.5 ± 29 M-1). Albumin 3D fluorescence spectroscopy experiments showed intensity increase of peak A and decrease of peak B.

CONCLUSIONS

The results showed that the new compound produced a lowering of the immobility time and an increment of the swimming ability of the rats. The compound is able to increase the response latency in 70.0%, to capture iodine (anti-thyroid activity) and to interact with albumin through covalent type of interaction of the free NH groups.

Repurposing of antidepression drug sertraline for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus: a potential approach for the treatment of osteomyelitis

We report a potential approach to synthesize the repurposed sertraline drug-loaded hydroxyapatite nanoparticles using eggshell as the calcium source via the in situ precipitation method for the treatment of osteomyelitis.

Evidence of promising biological-pharmacological activities of the sertraline-based copper complex: (SerH2)2[CuCl4]

In the current study the ability of copper complex to exert multiple biological activities is combined with the pharmacological action of sertraline (SerH₂Cl, antidepressant drug). The hydrated and anhydrous forms of the tetrachlorocuprate(II) salts, namely (SerH₂)₂[CuCl₄]·½H₂O and (SerH₂)₂[CuCl₄], were synthesized and characterized by physicochemical methods. The crystal structures were determined by X-ray diffraction methods. The hydrate complex crystallizes in the monoclinic P2₁ space group with a=8.0807(2) Å, b=36.2781(8) Å, c=12.6576(3) Å, β=95.665(2)°, and Z=4 molecules per unit cell and the un-hydrate in P2₁ with a=13.8727(6) Å, b=7.5090(3) Å, c=18.618(1) Å, β=104.563(6)°, and Z=2. It has been suggested that Cu(II) ions might be critical in the development of mood disorders, showed potent biocidal activity, and also acted as analgesic adjuvant. To improve sertraline efficiency, the antidepressant and analgesic activities of the complex have been assessed in rats denoting a marked synergistic effect. Antithyroid and antimicrobial activities were also evaluated. Because depressive disorders and hyperthyroidism diseases led to an oxidative stress state, antioxidant capability has also been tested. The complex behaved as a good superoxide radical scavenger (IC₅₀=6.3×10^-6M). The ability of the complex to act as bromoperoxidase mimic was assessed. A pseudo-first order constant of k=0.157±0.007min^-1 has been determined. The complex evidences promising biological-pharmacological activities and the albumin binding studies showed a K_b of 2.90×10³M^-1 showing an improvement in the uptake of sertraline by albumin at 8h incubation (time required for effective interaction of sertraline with the protein).

Improving the antidepressant action and the bioavailability of sertraline by co-crystallization with coumarin 3-carboxylate. Structural determination

To improve the antidepressant action of sertraline a new salt with coumarin-3-carboxylate anion (SerH-CCA) has been synthesized by two different methods and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and structural determinations by X-ray diffraction methods. The new salt is stabilized by strong intermolecular H-bonds involving the protonated amine group of SerH and the deprotonated carboxylate group of CCA. These findings can be correlated with the interpretation of the infrared spectrum. The salt, sertraline (SerHCl) and the sodium salt of coumarin-3-carboxylate (NaCCA) were orally administered male Wistar rats (10 mg/kg, based on sertraline). Rats were evaluated in separate groups by means of the forced swimming (FST). SerH-CCA produced antidepressant effects in a magnitude that exceeded SerHCl individual effects. None of these treatments affected activity levels by the open field OFT tests. We have also determined that the ion pair also improve the binding to bovine serum albumin (BSA) of the drug but retain its antimicrobial activity. It is reasonable to conclude that the replacement of chloride anion by a large organic anion in sertraline strengthens the pharmacological action of the native drug, binding to BSA with higher activity and retaining the antimicrobial activity of the antidepressant compound.