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Gad MS, Hashish HMA, Hussein AK, Ben Hamida MB, Abdulkader R, Nasef MH. Effect of different configurations of hybrid nano additives blended with biodiesel on CI engine performance and emissions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19528. [PMID: 39174583 PMCID: PMC11341724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69957-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of nano additives to improve the cold properties of biodiesel is encouraged by its drawbacks and incompatibility in cold climate. Waste cooking oil (WCO) was transesterified to create biodiesel. A 20% by volume was used for combination of diesel and methyl ester. Current study aims to evaluate diesel engine emissions and performance. TiO2, alumina, and hybrid TiO2 + Al2O3 nanoparticles are added to WCO biodiesel mixture at 25 mg/liter. When B20 combined with nano materials such as TiO2, Al2O3, and hybrid nano, the highest declines in brake specific fuel consumption were 4, 6, and 11%, respectively. As compared to biodiesel blend, the largest gains in thermal efficiency were 4.5, 6.5, and 12.5%, respectively, at maximum engine output power. Introduction of TiO2, Al2O3, and hybrid nano particles to B20 at 100% load resulted in the highest decreases in HC concentrations up to 7, 13, and 20%, and the biggest reductions in CO emissions, up to 6, 12, and 16%. Largest increases in NOx concentrations at full load were about 7, 15, and 23% for B20 + 25TiO2, B20 + 25 Al2O3, and B20 + 25TiO2 + 25 Al2O3, respectively. Up to 8, 15, and 21% less smoke was released, correspondingly, which were the largest reductions. Recommended dosage of 25 ppm alumina and 25 ppm TiO2 achieved noticeable improvements in diesel engine performance, combustion and emissions about B20.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Gad
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - H M Abu Hashish
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering and Renewable Energy Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kadhim Hussein
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Hilla, Babylon City, Iraq
| | - Mohamed Bechir Ben Hamida
- College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Research Laboratory of Ionized Backgrounds and Reagents Studies (EMIR), Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies of Monastir (IPEIM), University of Monastir, Monastir City, Tunisia.
- Higher School of Sciences and Technology of Hammam Sousse (ESSTHS), University of Sousse, Sousse City, Tunisia.
| | - Rasheed Abdulkader
- College of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Hassan Nasef
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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Cheng Y, Wang K, Zhang S. Controllable synthesis of TiO2/graphene composites for human voice recognition in strain sensor. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306866. [PMID: 39146267 PMCID: PMC11326598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-dimensional materials have demonstrated strong potential for use in diverse flexible strain sensors for wearable electronic device applications. However, the limited contact area in the sensing layer, caused by the low specific surface area of typical nanomaterials, hinders the pursuit of high-performance strain-sensor applications. Herein, we report an efficient method for synthesizing TiO2-based nanocomposite materials by directly using industrial raw materials with ultrahigh specific surface areas that can be used for strain sensors. A kinetic study of the self-seeded thermal hydrolysis sulfate process was conducted for the controllable synthesis of pure TiO2 and related TiO2/graphene composites. The hydrolysis readily modified the crystal form and morphology of the prepared TiO2 nanoparticles, and the prepared composite samples possessed a uniform nanoporous structure. Experiments demonstrated that the TiO2/graphene composite can be used in strain sensors with a maximum Gauge factor of 252. In addition, the TiO2/graphene composite-based strain sensor showed high stability by continuously operating over 1,000 loading cycles and aging tests over three months. It also shows that the fabricated strain sensors have the potential for human voice recognition by characterizing letters, words, and musical tones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- School of Music and Dance, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Morsy M, Gomaa I, Mokhtar M, Kamoun EA, Ali AI. N-doped TiO 2/rGO: synthesis, structure, optical characteristics, and humidity sensing applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:325501. [PMID: 38697039 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad4653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, the effect of rGO ratio on the N-dopped TiO2has been synthesized through sol-gel method. The prepared N-doped TiO2/rGO composites were examined for humidity sensing applications. The relationship between optical properties and the humidity sensing properties was studied. The structure, morphology, and bonding interaction have been examined using XRD, FT-IR, PL and HRTEM respectively. The average particle size as estimated from XRD and HRTEM was found to be about 9 nm. The optical properties have been studied using UV/ Vis. Spectroscopy. Further, optical parameters including refractive index and optical band gap energy have been estimated. The humidity sensing behavior of the resultant composites were evaluated in a wide range of humidity (7%-97% RH) at different testing frequencies. The optical band gap was found to be decreased as the amount of rGO increase. Among all prepared samples, both the optical parameters and humidity sensing experiments confirmed that the 0.5% rGO@N-dopped TiO2sample is the best candidate for the humidity sensing applications. The best optimum testing frequency was demonstrated to be 50 Hz. The sensor demonstrates a fast response and recovery times of 13 s and 33 s with low hysteresis and large sensitivity. The humidity sensing mechanism was studied using complex impedance spectroscopy at different RH levels under testing frequency range from 50 Hz to 5 MHz and testing voltage of 1 VAC. The produced structure demonstrated a promising material for humidity measuring devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Morsy
- Building Physics and Environment Institute, Housing & Building National Research Center (HBRC), 12311 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Islam Gomaa
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mokhtar
- Building Physics and Environment Institute, Housing & Building National Research Center (HBRC), 12311 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Elbadawy A Kamoun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Polymeric Materials Research Dep., Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg Al-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Ali
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Helwan University, Saray-El Qoupa, El Sawah Street, 11281 Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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Punia M, Dhankhar P, Dua N, Taxak V, Khatkar S, Boora Doon P. High photometric and spectroscopic features of emerald light emitter terbium (III) β-Ketoester functionalised complexes for modern lighting devices. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zhu M, Lu J, Dong L, Hu S, Peng S, Zhu C. Photochemical transformations of 2, 6-dichlorophenol and 2-chlorophenol with superoxide ions in the atmospheric aqueous phase. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sol–gel reaction of titanium phosphonate alkoxide cluster. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abdel-Karim A, Elhaes H, El-Kalliny AS, Badawy MI, Ibrahim M, Gad-Allah TA. Probing protein rejection behavior of blended PES-based flat-sheet ultrafiltration membranes: A density functional theory (DFT) study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 238:118399. [PMID: 32388231 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling is a common problem in membrane technology and causes detrimental effects for the applied membranes such as loss of integrity and productivity. Henceforward, we devoted this work to fabricate membranes that pose favored criteria in the direction of alleviating membrane fouling incidence. Herein, the fabricated membranes were traced via an assortment of both experimental and molecular modeling verifications to understand the mechanism of interaction. To do so, firstly, three different ultrafiltration (UF) membranes had been prepared via facile wet phase inversion method thru dipping a casting solution composed of polyethersulfone-polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PES-PVP) and polyethersulfone-Pluronic P31R1 (PES-P31R1) in a water coagulation bath. Regarding the practical-based data, the pristine PES membrane exhibited the highest rejection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein (model foulant) compared with the modified PES-based membranes. The membrane chemical compositions were elucidated with ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy. On the other hand, molecular modeling has been carried out via calculating thermodynamic parameters, level parametric method, and density functional theory (DFT). Thermodynamic parameters analysis indicated that the noticeable difference of BSA rejection may be ascribed to different entropy behavior for the fabricated membranes. In addition, the level parametric method (PM6) and density functional theory DFT: B3LYP with 6-31g (d,p) basis set models clarified the interaction manner of BSA molecules to membrane surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdel-Karim
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Hanan Elhaes
- Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Physics Department, Ain Shams University, 11757 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amer S El-Kalliny
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Badawy
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Medhat Ibrahim
- Spectroscopy Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tarek A Gad-Allah
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Balaji S, Ahsan MJ, Jadav SS, Trivedi V. Molecular modelling, synthesis, and antimalarial potentials of curcumin analogues containing heterocyclic ring. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Elsharkawy EA, Abou Al-Sood MM, El-Fakharany MK, Ahmed M. Enhancing the Impact of Biodiesel Blend on Combustion, Emissions, and Performance of DI Diesel Engine. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-019-04245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abdel-Gawad FK, Osman O, Bassem SM, Nassar HF, Temraz TA, Elhaes H, Ibrahim M. Spectroscopic analyses and genotoxicity of dioxins in the aquatic environment of Alexandria. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 127:618-625. [PMID: 29475705 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins have global concerns because of the bioaccumulation tendency and persistency in the environment. Water, seabream Pagrus auratus and seabass Dicentrarchus labrax samples were collected from Abu Qir, Alexandria to evaluate the concentration of dioxin. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) and molecular modeling was applied for elucidating the molecular structure of fish samples. Furthermore, HPLC with UV detection was used to determine the concentration of dioxins (2,8-dichloro dibenzo-p-dioxin). RT-PCR assay was conducted to verify the expression of some immune genes in the fish species as a result of water pollution. The average detected concentrations varied from 0.2 to 1.3μg/l. Gene expression revealed that MHC class 1 and C3 were highly upregulated in liver and muscle of seabass and seabream while T2BP was highly regulated in seabass liver and seabream muscle and seabass muscle for transferrin, FTIR and molecular modeling indicate that dioxin finds its way to fish protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fagr Kh Abdel-Gawad
- Environmental Research Division, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Science, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Osama Osman
- Spectroscopy Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samah M Bassem
- Environmental Research Division, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Science, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hossam F Nassar
- Environmental Sciences and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Tarek A Temraz
- Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hanan Elhaes
- Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Physics Department, Ain Shams University, 11757 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Medhat Ibrahim
- Spectroscopy Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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Byrne C, Fagan R, Hinder S, McCormack DE, Pillai SC. New approach of modifying the anatase to rutile transition temperature in TiO2 photocatalysts. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19759k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In pure synthetic titanium dioxide, the anatase to rutile phase transition usually occurs between the temperatures of 600 °C and 700 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Byrne
- Nanotechnology and Bio-engineering Research Group
- Department of Environmental Science
- School of Science
- Institute of Technology Sligo
- Sligo
| | - Rachel Fagan
- Centre for Research in Engineering Surface Technology (CREST)
- FOCAS Institute
- Dublin Institute of Technology
- Dublin 8
- Ireland
| | - Steven Hinder
- The Surface Analysis Laboratory
- Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
| | - Declan E. McCormack
- Centre for Research in Engineering Surface Technology (CREST)
- FOCAS Institute
- Dublin Institute of Technology
- Dublin 8
- Ireland
| | - Suresh C. Pillai
- Nanotechnology and Bio-engineering Research Group
- Department of Environmental Science
- School of Science
- Institute of Technology Sligo
- Sligo
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