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Jiang SL, Wu YT, Chen WC, Huang JP, Chen D, Li L, Han L, Shi JH. Multispectral and molecular simulation of the interaction of human α1-acid glycoprotein with palbociclib. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024:130712. [PMID: 39313164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Palbociclib, a selective CDK4/6 inhibitor with potent anti-tumor effects, was investigated for its interaction with human α1-acid glycoprotein (HAG). Spectral analysis revealed that palbociclib forms a ground state complex with HAG, exhibiting binding constant (Kb) of 104 M-1 at the used temperature range. The interaction between the two was determined to be driven mainly by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces. Multispectral studies indicated that the bound palbociclib altered the secondary structure of HAG and reduced polarity around Trp and Tyr amino acids. And, molecular docking and dynamics simulations verified the experimental findings. Finally, most of the metal ions present in plasma, such as K+, Cu2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Fe3+, and Co2+, are detrimental to the binding of palbociclib to HAG, with the exception of Zn2+, which is favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Liang Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Yu-Ting Wu
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Wang-Cai Chen
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jia-Ping Huang
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Dong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Liang Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Jie-Hua Shi
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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Jiang SL, Hu ZY, Sui HY, Huang T, Han L, Hu CM, Xu XT, Shi JH, Chu C. Comprehending the inhibition mechanism of indole-based bis-acylhydrazone compounds on α-glucosidase: Spectral and theoretical approaches. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133489. [PMID: 38964679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Indole-based bis-acylhydrazone compounds can inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase and control the concentration of blood glucose. In this paper, the characteristics of three indole-based bis-acylhydrazone compounds with different inhibitory activities of α-glucosidase as well as the interaction with α-glucosidase were studied by experiments and computational simulation techniques. Enzyme kinetic and spectral experiments showed that the indole-based bis-acylhydrazone compounds were able to inhibit enzyme activity through mixed inhibition dominated by competitive inhibition, and during the binding reaction, indole-based bis-acylhydrazone compounds can quench the intrinsic fluorescence of α-glucosidase through static quenching and an aggregation of the indole-based bis-acylhydrazone with α-glucosidase produces a stable complex with a molar ratio of 1:1, and the combination of indole-based bis-acylhydrazone compounds could lead to slight change in the conformation of α-glucosidase. The theoretical simulation demonstrated that the stability of the complex systems was positively correlated with the inhibitory activity of indole-based bis-acylhydrazone compounds, and the indole-based bis-acylhydrazone compounds occupied the active site in the multi-ligand system, resulting in a significant decrease in the binding ability of starch to active amino acids. These results suggested that indole-based bis-acylhydrazone compound was expected to be a new type of α-glucosidase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Liang Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Zhe-Ying Hu
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Huan-Yu Sui
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Teng Huang
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Liang Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Chun-Mei Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Xue-Tao Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Jie-Hua Shi
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Chu Chu
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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Jiang SL, Chen WC, Wu YT, Sui HY, Chen D, Li L, Wu T, Shi JH. Exploring the binding characteristics of bovine serum albumin with CDK4/6 inhibitors Ribociclib: Multi-spectral analysis and molecular simulation studies. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 258:112992. [PMID: 39084139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Ribociclib (RIB), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, exhibits promising antitumor efficacy and controlled toxicity in HR+/HER2- breast cancer patients, which is closely related to the binding with plasma proteins. This study utilized a combination of spectroscopic techniques including UV spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism (CD) as well as molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation to clarify the binding mechanism between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and RIB. The findings demonstrated that RIB produced a 1:1 stoichiometric complex with BSA, which quenched BSA's fluorescence in the manner of the static quenching mechanism. Site labelling experiments pinpointed Site III on BSA as the primary binding site for RIB, a finding validated by molecular docking. Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding interactions as key drivers in the formation of RIB-BSA complexes, a conclusion supported by molecular docking. Molecular simulation studies suggested that the insertion of RIB into the hydrophobic cavity (Site III) of BSA induced subtle conformational changes in the BSA protein, and CD measurements confirmed alterations in BSA secondary structure content. Synchronous and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy further demonstrated that RIB decreased the hydrophobicity of the microenvironment surrounding tyrosine and tryptophan residues. These findings offer valuable insights into the pharmacokinetics and structural modifications of RIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Liang Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Wang-Cai Chen
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yu-Ting Wu
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Huan-Yu Sui
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Dong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Zhejiang Hengyu Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie-Hua Shi
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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Hu ZY, Wu M, Wang WJ, Jiang SL, Shi JH. Exploring the binding behaviors between nisoldipine and bovine serum albumin as a model protein by the aid of multi-spectroscopic approaches and in silico. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:6108-6118. [PMID: 37403263 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2232027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Bovine serum albumin (BSA), a model protein was used to evaluate the binding behavior of nisoldipine and human serum albumin by a series of experiments and in silico in this article. The outcomes suggested that nisoldipine and BSA formed the nisoldipine-BSA complex with a molar ratio of 1:1, caused the fluorescence quenching of BSA, which quenching mechanism was attributable to static quenching. The binding constant of the nisoldipine-BSA complex was (1.3-3.0) × 104 M-1 at 298-310 K, indicating that nisoldipine on BSA protein had a moderate affinity. During the complexation of nisoldipine with BSA, nisoldipine can spontaneously insert into the site II (subdomain III A) of BSA and the distance of energy transfer from donor group in protein to acceptor group in nisoldipine was 3.21 nm, which led to the change in the hydrophobicity of the microenvironment surrounding Trp residues and in the secondary structure of BSA. Additionally, the findings also confirmed that the hydrogen bond and van der Waals force were responsible for forming the nisoldipine-BSA complex and the complexation process was a spontaneous exothermic process.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Ying Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Jun Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Liang Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Hua Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Hu ZY, Sui HY, Zhong QF, Hu L, Shi JH, Jiang SL, Han L. In vitro investigation of the binding characteristics of dacomitinib to human α 1-acid glycoprotein: Multispectral and computational modeling. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 314:124197. [PMID: 38554689 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Dacomitinib is a highly selective second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor that can irreversibly bind to tyrosine kinase and is mainly used in the treatment of lung cancer. The binding characteristics of dacomitinib with human α 1-acid glycoprotein (HAG) were analyzed by multispectral and computational simulation techniques. The fluorescence spectra showed that dacomitinib can quench the fluorescence of HAG by forming the HAG-dacomitinib complex with a molar ratio of 1:1 (static quenching). At the temperature similar to that of the human body, the affinity of dacomitinib to HAG (8.95 × 106 M-1) was much greater than that to BSA (3.39 × 104 M-1), indicating that dacomitinib will give priority to binding onto HAG. Thermodynamics parameters analysis and driving force competition experiments showed that hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces were the major sources for keeping the complex of HAG-dacomitinib stable. The experimental outcomes also showed that the binding of dacomitinib can lead to the loosening of the skeleton structure of HAG, which led to a slight change in the secondary structure, and also reduces the hydrophobicity of the microenvironment of Trp and Tyr residues. The binding sites of dacomitinib on HAG and the contribution of key amino acid residues to the binding reaction were determined by molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. In addition, it was found that there was a synergistic effect between dacomitinib and Mg2+ and Co2+ ions. Mg2+ and Co2+ could increase the Kb of dacomitinib to HAG and prolong the half-life of dacomitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Ying Hu
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Huan-Yu Sui
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Qi-Feng Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Lu Hu
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jie-Hua Shi
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Shao-Liang Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Liang Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Hu ZY, Wang WJ, Hu L, Shi JH, Jiang SL. Comprehending the intermolecular interaction of dacomitinib with bovine serum albumin: experimental and theoretical approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3579-3592. [PMID: 37288787 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2218926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dacomitinib (DAC), as a member of tyrosine kinase inhibitors is primarily used to treat non-small cell lung cancer. The intermolecular interaction between DAC and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was comprehended with the help of experiments and theoretical simulations. The outcomes indicated that DAC quenched the endogenous fluorescence of BSA through static quenching mode. In the binding process, DAC was preferentially inserted into the hydrophobic cavity of BSA subdomain IA (site III), and a fluorescence-free DAC-BSA complex with molar ratio of 1:1 was generated. The outcomes confirmed that DAC had a stronger affinity on BSA and the non-radiative energy transfer occurred in the combination process of two. And, it can be inferred from the outcomes of thermodynamic parameters and competition experiments with 8-aniline-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) and D-(+)- sucrose that hydrogen bonds (H-bonds), van der Waals forces (vdW) and hydrophobic forces had a significant impact in inserting DAC into the hydrophobic cavity of BSA. The outcomes from multi-spectroscopic measurements that DAC could affect the secondary structure of BSA, that was, α-helix content decreased slightly from 51.0% to 49.7%. Moreover, the combination of DAC and BSA led to a reduction in the hydrophobicity of the microenvironment around tyrosine (Tyr) residues in BSA while had little influence on the microenvironment of around tryptophan (Trp) residues. The outcomes from molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation further demonstrated the insertion of DAC into site III of BSA and hydrogen energy and van der Waals energy were the dominant energy of DAC-BSA stability. In addition, the influence of metal ions (Fe3+, Cu2+, Co2+, etc.) on the affinity of the system was explored.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Ying Hu
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Jun Wang
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Hu
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Hua Shi
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Liang Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Gokara M, Yusuf Zamal M, Lavudiya VS, Subramanyam R. Deciphering the binding mechanism of gingerol molecules with plasma proteins: implications for drug delivery and therapeutic potential. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38305837 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2310795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Ginger is a highly valued herb, renowned globally for its rich content of phenolic compounds. It has been traditionally used to treat various health conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, digestive issues, migraines, Alzheimer's disease, tumor reduction and chronic inflammation. Despite its potential medicinal applications, the therapeutic effectiveness of ginger is hindered by its limited availability and low plasma concentration levels. In this study, we explored the interaction of ginger's primary phenolic compounds, specifically 6-gingerol (6 G), 8-gingerol (8 G) and 10-gingerol (10 G), with plasma proteins which are human serum albumin (HSA) and α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP). These two plasma proteins significantly influence drug distribution and disposition as they are key binding sites for most drugs. Fluorescence emission spectra indicated strong binding of 6, 8 and 10 G with HSA, with binding constants of 2.03 ± 0.01 × 104 M-1, 4.20 ± 0.01 × 104 M-1 and 6.03 ± 0.01 × 106 M-1, respectively. However, the binding of gingerols with AGP was found to be negligible. Molecular displacement by site-specific probes and molecular docking analyses revealed that gingerols bind at the IIA domain, with stability provided by hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, conventional hydrogen bonds, carbon-hydrogen bonds, alkyl and Pi-alkyl interactions. Further, the partial unfolding of the protein was observed upon binding the gingerol compound with HSA. In addition, molecular dynamic simulations demonstrated that gingerols remained stable in the subdomain IIA over 100 ns. This stability, coupled with Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area indicating free energies of -43.765, -57.504 and -66.69 kcal/mol for 6, 8 and 10 G, respectively, reinforces the robust binding potential of these compounds. Circular dichroism studies suggested that the interaction of gingerols leads to the minimal transformation of HSA secondary structure, with the pattern being 10 G > 8 G > 6 G, a finding further substantiated by root mean square deviation and root mean square fluctuation fluctuations. These results propose that HSA has a stronger affinity to gingerols than AGP, which could have significant implications on the therapeutic circulating levels of gingerols.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Gokara
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mohammad Yusuf Zamal
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vijay Srinivas Lavudiya
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Jiang SL, Hu L, Hu ZY, Wang WJ, Shi JH. Exploring the binding characteristics of bovine serum albumin with tyrosine kinase inhibitor entrectinib: Multi-spectral analysis and theoretical calculation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 295:122555. [PMID: 36921521 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Entrectinib (ENB) is one of multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which is mainly used for treating neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase gene fusion positive solid tumors. The binding characteristics of ENB and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied by experiments and theoretical calculations. The steady-state fluorescence showed that ENB quenched the fluorescence of BSA through mixed quenching, and ENB was dominated by static quenching at low concentration. ENB and BSA had a moderate affinity, formed a complex with a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 and the binding constant of about 105 M-1 at 298 K, and Förster non-radiative energy transfer occurs. According to the driving force competition experiment, thermodynamic parameter analysis and theoretical calculation, hydrogen bond, van der Waals force and hydrophobic force were the main factors affecting the stability of the ENB-BSA complex. Molecular docking and site markers competition showed that ENB spontaneously bound to the Site III of BSA so that ENB could make the skeleton of BSA loose, the spatial structure of BSA changed (α-helix decreased by 3.1%, random coil increased by 1.7%), and the microenvironment of Tyr and Trp residues changed. The existence of Co2+ metal ions can enhance the binding effect, thus prolonging the half-life of ENB in vivo, which may improve the efficacy of ENB, while Ca2+, Cu2+ and Mg2+ metal ions will reduce the efficacy of ENB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Liang Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Lu Hu
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhe-Ying Hu
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Wan-Jun Wang
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jie-Hua Shi
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Huang F, Chen C. Insights into the interaction between the kusaginin and bovine serum albumin: Multi-spectroscopic techniques and computational approaches. J Mol Recognit 2023; 36:e3003. [PMID: 36519271 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Kusaginin, as a phenylethanoid glycoside, which has exhibited wide antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The molecular mechanism underlying the broad biological activities of kusaginin has not yet been well documented. In this paper, the interaction of kusaginin with bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been explored by fluorescence spectra, UV-vis absorption spectra, and circular dichroism (CD) spectra along with computational approaches. The fluorescence experiments showed that kusaginin could strongly quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA through both dynamic and static quenching mechanisms. The thermodynamic analysis suggested that hydrophobic force was the main force in stabilizing the BSA-kusaginin complex. In addition, conformation changes of BSA were observed from three-dimensional and synchronous fluorescence spectra, UV spectra, and CD spectra under experimental conditions. All these experimental results have been complemented and validated by the molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies, which revealed that kusaginin was bound on the hydrophobic cavity in subdomain IIA of BSA and formed a stable BSA-kusaginin complex. Finally, density functional theory (DFT) calculation further implied that hydrogen bonds also support stabilizing the BSA-kusaginin complex. This research may aid in understanding the pharmacological characteristics of kusaginin and provide a vital reference modeling for the design of analogues drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwen Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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