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Chang Y, Yu C, Huang C, Wang T, Dziobek I, Lane H. Discrepancy of social cognition between bipolar disorders and major depressive disorders. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3365. [PMID: 38376012 PMCID: PMC10757902 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The research landscape examining social cognition (SC) impairment in patients with major depressive disorders (MDD) and bipolar disorders (BD) is notably scarce. Presently, assessments predominantly rely on static stimuli and self-reported measures, which may not capture the dynamic dimensions of social cognition. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to validate the Chinese version of Movie Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC-CH) and to investigate whether MDD and BD exhibit distinct patterns of SC impairments, shedding light on potential differences between these two mood disorders. METHODS The study encompassed 197 participants, aged 18-65, distributed as follows: 21 BD, 20 MDD, and 156 healthy controls (HC). We focused on examining "cognitive" and "emotional" SC scores and "undermentalizing" and "overmentalizing" error patterns, with nonsocial inference as a control. Additional assessments included the Reading Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). We also explored the association between depression severity (measured by the Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale, HDRS) and distinct SC dimensions between MDD and BD. RESULTS The MASC-CH exhibited strong validity and reliability for SC assessment. In group comparisons, BD participants scored significantly lower on MASC-CH, while the MDD group scores were not significantly different from HC. Specifically, BD individuals had notably lower cognitive SC scores and made more undermentalizing and absence of mentalizing errors than MDD and HC. Additionally, a negative correlation between HDRS score and overmentalizing was observed in BD, not in the MDD. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that depression severity scores in BD were inversely related to MASC-CH scores. In contrast, this relationship was not observed in the MDD group. These results underscore the importance of SC impairments as distinguishing characteristics of both BD and MDD. It provides valuable insights into the distinct social-cognitive profiles of both mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun‐Hsuan Chang
- Institute of Gerontology, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Department of PsychologyNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Institute of Genomics and BioinformaticsCollege of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chu‐Ling Yu
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health SciencesAsia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of PsychiatryChina Medical University Hsinchu HospitalHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Chun Huang
- Department of PsychiatryNational Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou‐Liou BranchYunlinTaiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Tzu‐Yun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Isabel Dziobek
- Berlin School of Mind and BrainHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Hsien‐Yuan Lane
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health SciencesAsia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Disease Research CenterChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
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Oliva V, De Prisco M, Fico G, Possidente C, Fortea L, Montejo L, Anmella G, Hidalgo-Mazzei D, Grande I, Murru A, Fornaro M, de Bartolomeis A, Dodd A, Fanelli G, Fabbri C, Serretti A, Vieta E, Radua J. Correlation between emotion dysregulation and mood symptoms of bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2023; 148:472-490. [PMID: 37740499 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic construct characterized by difficulties regulating intense emotions. People with bipolar disorder (BD) are more likely to show ED and use maladaptive emotion regulation strategies than adaptive ones. However, little is known about whether ED in BD is a trait or it is rather an epiphenomenon of mood symptoms. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence across major literature databases reporting correlations between measures of emotion regulation (overall ED and different emotion regulation strategies) and measures of depressive and (hypo)manic symptoms in BD from inception until April 12th, 2022. RESULTS Fourteen studies involving 1371 individuals with BD were included in the qualitative synthesis, of which 11 reported quantitative information and were included in the meta-analysis. ED and maladaptive strategies were significantly higher during periods with more severe mood symptoms, especially depressive ones, while adaptive strategies were lower. CONCLUSION ED significantly correlates with BD symptomatology, and it mainly occurs during mood alterations. ED may be a target for specific psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatments, according to precision psychiatry. However, further studies are needed, including patients with mood episodes and longitudinal design, to provide more robust evidence and explore the causal direction of the associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Oliva
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele De Prisco
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanna Fico
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Possidente
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lydia Fortea
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Montejo
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerard Anmella
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iria Grande
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Murru
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Alyson Dodd
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Giuseppe Fanelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Fabbri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Ahmed Okasha T, Mohammed Abdelsamei A, Nader Radwan D, Abdelkader Eissa O, Elrassas HH. Impaired emotional intelligence is related to symptoms severity and suicidal attempts in depression. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:56-62. [PMID: 34996309 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211067887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies demonstrated the impairment of perceived emotional intelligence 'EI' among depressed patients. This study aimed to assess the perceived EI in a group of depressed patients, and its association with different clinical characteristics. METHODS Forty-five patients diagnosed with depression were assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and compared to 45 controls that were assessed by the Arabic version of General Health Questionnaire to exclude Psychiatric disorders. The Arabic version of Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS) is used to evaluate EI in both groups. RESULTS Patients with depression showed significantly lower EI scores in the three parts of TMMS (repair, clarity and attention) compared to the controls (p < .001). Patients showed significant difference in clarity subscale (p = .005) and attention regarding severity of depression (p < .001). Clarity of feelings was significantly higher in patients who suffered more than two episodes (p = .012). Depressive patients with suicidal attempts showed significantly lower scores of repair (p = .044) and attention (p = .016) subscales. There were no significant differences of TMMS subscales between patients with and without suicidal ideation, sleep disturbance and somatic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrates impaired perceived EI among patients with depression that is correlated with symptom severity and suicidal attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Ahmed Okasha
- Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Doaa Nader Radwan
- Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hanan Hany Elrassas
- Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Weiss EM, Deisenhammer EA, Fink A, Marksteiner J, Canazei M, Papousek I. Disorder-Specific Profiles of Self-Perceived Emotional Abilities in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030356. [PMID: 35326312 PMCID: PMC8945907 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficits in social cognition are a core feature of neuropsychiatric disorders. The purpose of this study was to compare profiles of self-perceived abilities across the core domains of emotional functioning between patients with schizophrenia (n = 22), major depressive disorder (n = 31) and healthy participants (n = 43) with the Self-report Emotional Ability Scale (SEAS). Profile analyses were used to explore group differences in the overall level of self-perceived effectiveness of emotional functioning and in the patterns in which the four functions of emotion perception and regulation in the intra- and inter-personal domains are arranged to each other. Both patient groups showed significantly lower overall levels of self-perceived emotional functioning compared to healthy controls. Most importantly, we found significant differences between patient groups in their profile patterns. Patients with schizophrenia indicated experiencing difficulties in all investigated domains, but the profile pattern largely matched that of healthy individuals. Instead, the profile of patients with depression was much more accentuated, showing lower perceived effectiveness of emotion perception and regulation in the intra-personal domain compared to inter-personal functions. Our results of disorder-specific emotional deficits may have profound implications for early screening and identification of at-risk populations as well as recovery-oriented interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M. Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Correspondence:
| | - Eberhard A. Deisenhammer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Andreas Fink
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.F.); (I.P.)
| | - Josef Marksteiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy A, Hall State Hospital, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria;
| | - Markus Canazei
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Ilona Papousek
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.F.); (I.P.)
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Eslinger PJ, Anders S, Ballarini T, Boutros S, Krach S, Mayer AV, Moll J, Newton TL, Schroeter ML, de Oliveira-Souza R, Raber J, Sullivan GB, Swain JE, Lowe L, Zahn R. The neuroscience of social feelings: mechanisms of adaptive social functioning. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:592-620. [PMID: 34089764 PMCID: PMC8388127 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Social feelings have conceptual and empirical connections with affect and emotion. In this review, we discuss how they relate to cognition, emotion, behavior and well-being. We examine the functional neuroanatomy and neurobiology of social feelings and their role in adaptive social functioning. Existing neuroscience literature is reviewed to identify concepts, methods and challenges that might be addressed by social feelings research. Specific topic areas highlight the influence and modulation of social feelings on interpersonal affiliation, parent-child attachments, moral sentiments, interpersonal stressors, and emotional communication. Brain regions involved in social feelings were confirmed by meta-analysis using the Neurosynth platform for large-scale, automated synthesis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Words that relate specifically to social feelings were identfied as potential research variables. Topical inquiries into social media behaviors, loneliness, trauma, and social sensitivity, especially with recent physical distancing for guarding public and personal health, underscored the increasing importance of social feelings for affective and second person neuroscience research with implications for brain development, physical and mental health, and lifelong adaptive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Eslinger
- Departments of Neurology, Neural & Behavioral Sciences, Pediatrics, and Radiology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Silke Anders
- Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tommaso Ballarini
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sydney Boutros
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sören Krach
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Translational Psychiatry Unit, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Annalina V Mayer
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Translational Psychiatry Unit, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jorge Moll
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tamara L Newton
- University of Louisville, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Matthias L Schroeter
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), BR Hospital Universitario, Universidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jacob Raber
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurology, and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gavin B Sullivan
- International Psychoanalytic University, Berlin, Germany, Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relations, Coventry University, UK
| | - James E Swain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Psychology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Roland Zahn
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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Kuo SY, Chang YH, Wang TY, Tseng HH, Huang CC, Chen PS, Lane HY, Yang YK, Lu RB. Impairment in Emotional Intelligence May Be Mood-Dependent in Bipolar I and Bipolar II Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:597461. [PMID: 33679472 PMCID: PMC7931827 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.597461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An emotional intelligence (EI) deficit has been noticed in euthymic bipolar spectrum disorder (BD) patients. However, whether this deficit is affected by mood or subtype is unclear. Objectives:The aim of this study was to investigate whether an EI deficit is mood-dependent, and which mood symptoms have more impact on EI in BD. Methods: Two hundred and thirty participants aged between 18 and 65 years old were recruited [130 BD patients (51 bipolar I disorder (BDI) and 79 bipolar II disorder (BDII): 39.2% males; 91 healthy controls (HCs): 48.4% males)]. The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT), which contains experiential and strategic EI ratings, was used to assess social cognition. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Young's Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) were used for evaluating the severity [HAMD and YMRS scores ≦7 were euthymic (BDeut) and HAMD YMRS sores ≧8 were episodic (BDepi)]. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed, with adjustment for background information between the BD patients and HCs. Results: The results showed that, compared to the HCs, the BDeut patients showed no difference in any MSCEIT measures, while the BDepi patients showed lower scores in all MSCEIT measures, except for perceiving emotions. In addition, a main effect of mood state instead of BD subtype was found for the managing emotions branch (p < 0.0007). Regression analyses showed that the duration of illness and HDRS scores were correlated with the scores in the strategic area of the MSCEIT, while age and YMRS scores were more relevant to the scores in the experiential area of the MSCEIT. Conclusion: The results confirm that an EI deficit is mood-dependent in BD patients. In addition, a depressive mood is more related to the strategic EI area, while a manic mood is correlated with the experiential EI area. Understanding the different domains of EI deficits in BD patients may be helpful for developing interventions for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yu Kuo
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Psychological Center, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Band Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- Yanjiao Furen Hospital, Hebei, China
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Lawlor C, Hepworth C, Smallwood J, Carter B, Jolley S. Self-reported emotion regulation difficulties in people with psychosis compared with non-clinical controls: A systematic literature review. Clin Psychol Psychother 2020; 27:107-135. [PMID: 31661593 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Emotions play a key role in the development and experience of psychosis, yet there are important gaps in our understanding of how individuals with psychosis understand and respond to their emotions. This systematic review investigated self-reported emotion regulation difficulties in individuals with psychosis compared with non-clinical controls. An electronic database search was conducted in Medline, PsychINFO, and Embase and supplemented by searches of reference lists and citations. Seventeen studies were included. A narrative synthesis was conducted because contextual diversity was present across the studies and outcomes. Individuals with psychosis reported greater difficulties in (i) emotional clarity (specifically with identifying, describing, and understanding their emotions), (ii) emotional acceptance, (iii) engaging in goal-directed behaviours when experiencing negative emotions, and (iv) willingness to experience emotional distress in the pursuit of meaningful activities in life. Evidence pertaining to other self-reported emotion regulation difficulties was less clear. Effect sizes were generally large in magnitude but there were few studies on some self-reported emotion regulation difficulties, and all studies were at moderate to high risk of bias. Further research is needed to clarify the nature of emotion regulation difficulties in individuals with psychosis to inform the provision of targeted clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lawlor
- North Lambeth Focused Support Team, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Hepworth
- North Lambeth Focused Support Team, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jane Smallwood
- North Lambeth Focused Support Team, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ben Carter
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Suzanne Jolley
- North Lambeth Focused Support Team, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Rosales R, Dworetzky B, Baslet G. Cognitive-emotion processing in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 102:106639. [PMID: 31731107 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous literature suggests that cognitive-emotion processing contributes to the pathogenesis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). Characterization of alterations in cognitive-emotion processing in PNES could inform treatment. METHODS In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 143 patients with video electroencephalogram (EEG) confirmed PNES were prospectively recruited. Patients completed self-report questionnaires on emotion perception (Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS) attention and clarity subscales) and coping style (Affective Styles Questionnaire [ASQ] concealing, adjusting, and tolerating subscales) at the time of their initial evaluation for PNES. Demographic, clinical data and measures of psychopathology severity were also obtained. The TMMS and ASQ subscale scores were compared to available normative data and between PNES subgroups (based on presence of trauma-related factors). Correlation coefficients were obtained to evaluate associations between subscale scores and measures of psychopathology. RESULTS Mean scores on both TMMS subscales (attention 47.0 [SD 7.4] and clarity 37.5 [SD 8.0]) and the ASQ adjusting subscale (22.2 [SD 6.3]) were significantly lower than available normative data (p < .001). Among patients with PNES, those with a history of childhood abuse or active posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were found to have significantly lower scores on emotion clarity, adjustment, and tolerance subscales than those without such histories (p < .05). Degree of clarity of emotions correlated negatively with severity of depression, anxiety, stress, and illness perception (p ≤ .001). Adjustment to and tolerance of emotional states correlated negatively with severity of depression and stress (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Patients with PNES, especially those with active PTSD and childhood trauma, have lower clarity of their emotions and lower ability to adjust to emotional states than healthy individuals. These cognitive-emotion processing deficits are more pronounced in patients with more severe depression and reported stress. This study characterizes alterations in cognitive-emotion processing in PNES that are well-suited therapeutic targets and can therefore inform treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Rosales
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Barbara Dworetzky
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Gaston Baslet
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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9
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Ludwig L, Werner D, Lincoln TM. The relevance of cognitive emotion regulation to psychotic symptoms – A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2019; 72:101746. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Horan WP, Wynn JK, Gabrielian S, Glynn SM, Hellemann GS, Kern RS, Lee J, Marder SR, Sugar CA, Green MF. Motivational and cognitive correlates of community integration in homeless veterans entering a permanent supported housing program. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2019; 90:181-192. [PMID: 31021133 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Homelessness is a major public health problem, and serious mental illness (SMI) is highly prevalent in the homeless population. Although supported housing services-which provide permanent housing in the community along with case management-improve housing outcomes, community integration typically remains poor, and little is known about the underlying determinants of poor community integration postresidential placement. The general SMI literature has indicated that motivational and cognitive ability factors are key determinants of successful community integration, which provides a foundation for examining this issue. This study evaluated whether interview- and performance-based assessments of motivation, nonsocial and social-cognitive ability, and psychiatric symptoms were associated with community integration indices in 2 samples of homeless veterans either with (N = 96) or without (N = 80) a psychotic disorder who had recently been admitted to a supported housing program but who had not yet attained housing. Motivation indices, including experiential negative symptoms and defeatist performance attitudes, stood out as the most robust correlates (rs = -.30 to -.69) of community integration across both samples, particularly for social role participation. Demographics, general psychiatric symptoms, and nonsocial cognition showed generally weak relations with community integration, though social cognition showed a few relations. The consistent findings across samples point to the importance of motivational factors for understanding the determinants of poor community integration in this complex population. Further, interventions that target motivational challenges may have widespread usefulness for enhancing community integration outcomes beyond obtaining housing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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11
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Martins FDMP, Leite KP, Trevizol AP, Noto JRDS, Brietzke E. Emotional intelligence and schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a critical review. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2019; 41:94-102. [DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2018-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Emotional intelligence (EI) is a theoretical construct postulated by Mayer and Salovey to designate the ability to perceive, understand, use and manage emotions. The study of EI in schizophrenia offers new insights into the disorder’s cognitive and functional impacts. Objectives To comprehensively review studies analyzing EI impairment in schizophrenia spectrum disorders using standardized instruments. Methods Searches were run on MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, LILACS, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov and SciELO databases. The only validated instrument used was the Multifactor Emotional Intelligence Scale (MSCEIT). Articles that used all branches of the MSCEIT to assess EI in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and healthy controls were included in the review. Results We found 30 articles on this topic. The studies analyzed showed a significant impairment of MSCEIT total score in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders when compared to healthy controls. In relation to the MSCEIT branches, understanding of emotions and management of emotions are the most impaired branches. Conclusion Since most studies are cross-sectional, it is not possible to establish a cause and effect relationship between EI deficits and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Therefore, longitudinal studies are needed to establish a clearer relationship between these variables. By so doing, we may be able to intervene for prevention and management of these disorders, aiming at better quality of life for patients.
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12
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Guimond S, Padani S, Lutz O, Eack S, Thermenos H, Keshavan M. Impaired regulation of emotional distractors during working memory load in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2018. [PMID: 29524918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) patients exhibit deficits in emotion regulation that affect their daily functioning. There is evidence that the prefrontal cortex plays an important role in emotion regulation. However, it remains unclear how this brain region is involved in emotion regulation deficits in SZ, and how such deficits impact performance on cognitively demanding tasks. We examined how happy and fearful emotional distractors impact performance on working memory (WM) tasks of varying difficulty (0-back, 2-back), and brain activity using fMRI. Participants were 20 patients with SZ and 20 healthy controls (HC) matched on age, sex, race, and IQ. A significant 3-way interaction showed that SZ patients had lower performance compared to HC when exposed to fearful and happy distractors, but only during the 2-back task. Second-level fMRI between-group analysis revealed that compared to SZ patients, HC showed significantly greater increase in brain activity with WM load in the left IFG (BA 45) when exposed to fearful distractors. Less brain activity in this region was also associated with reduction in SZ patients' performance during higher WM load and the presence of fearful distractors. SZ patients had difficulty in performing a WM task when regulating emotions, and they failed to show the emotion-specific modulation of the left IFG observed in HC. These results suggest that SZ patients have difficulty with emotion regulation demands during effortful cognitive tasks. This also provides us with potential insight on how emotion regulation could be rehabilitated in SZ using cognitive training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synthia Guimond
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Shezal Padani
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, MA 02115, USA; Behavioral Neuroscience, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olivia Lutz
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shaun Eack
- School of Social Work and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Heidi Thermenos
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital), Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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13
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Yao B, Mueller SA, Grove TB, McLaughlin M, Thakkar K, Ellingrod V, McInnis MG, Taylor SF, Deldin PJ, Tso IF. Eye gaze perception in bipolar disorder: Self-referential bias but intact perceptual sensitivity. Bipolar Disord 2018; 20:60-69. [PMID: 29168603 PMCID: PMC5807101 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Deficits in social cognition predict poor functional outcome in severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and autism. However, research findings on social cognition in bipolar disorder (BD) are sparse and inconsistent. This study aimed to characterize a critical social cognitive process-eye gaze perception-and examine its functional correlates in BD to inform psychopathological mechanisms. METHODS Thirty participants with BD, 37 healthy controls (HC), and 46 psychiatric controls with schizophrenia (SZ) completed an eye-contact perception task. They viewed faces with varying gaze directions, head orientations, and emotion, and made eye-contact judgments. Psychophysics methods were used to estimate perception thresholds and the slope of the perception curve, which were then compared between the groups and correlated with clinical and functional measures using Bayesian inference. RESULTS Compared with HC, patients with BD over-perceived eye contact when gaze direction was ambiguous, and this self-referential bias was similar to that in SZ. Patients with BD had lower thresholds (i.e., needed weaker eye-contact signal to start perceiving gaze as self-directed) but a similar slope compared with HC. Regression analyses showed that steeper slope predicted better socio-emotional functioning in HC and SZ, but not in BD. CONCLUSIONS The psychopathology of social dysfunction was fundamentally different between BD and SZ in this modest sample. Eye gaze perception in BD was characterized by a self-referential bias but preserved perceptual sensitivity, the latter of which distinguished BD from SZ. The relationship between gaze perception and broader socio-emotional functioning in SZ and HC was absent in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beier Yao
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University
| | | | | | | | | | - Vicki Ellingrod
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan,College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan
| | | | | | - Patricia J. Deldin
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan
| | - Ivy F. Tso
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan
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14
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Aparicio A, Santos JL, Jiménez-López E, Bagney A, Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Sánchez-Morla EM. Emotion processing and psychosocial functioning in euthymic bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017; 135:339-350. [PMID: 28188631 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine emotion processing in euthymic bipolar patients (EBP) compared to healthy controls. In addition, to determine whether or not there is an association between emotion processing and psychosocial functioning. MATERIAL AND METHODS A sample of 60 EBP and 60 healthy controls matched for age, gender, education level, and premorbid intelligence were studied. All subjects were assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and two additional executive function measures: the Trail Making Test-Part B and the Stroop Test. Emotion processing was examined using the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). Psychosocial functioning was assessed using the Functional Assessment Short Test (FAST). RESULTS Euthymic bipolar patients obtained lower scores than controls in all MSCEIT measures except for the using emotions branch. Likewise, EBP obtained a worse performance than healthy controls in all neurocognitive domains. Correlation between MSCEIT strategic area measures and FAST total score was found (r = -0.311; P < 0.016). Regression analysis showed that residual depressive symptomatology explains a 9.1% of the variance in functional outcome. MSCEIT strategic area score explained an additional 8.6%. Neurocognition did not increase the percentage of the variance explained by emotion processing. CONCLUSIONS Euthymic bipolar patients exhibit deficits in emotion processing. Emotion processing is associated with social functioning in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aparicio
- Departmentof Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de La Luz, Cuenca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - J L Santos
- Departmentof Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de La Luz, Cuenca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - E Jiménez-López
- Departmentof Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de La Luz, Cuenca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Bagney
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - E M Sánchez-Morla
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain
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15
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Giakoumaki SG. Emotion processing deficits in the different dimensions of psychometric schizotypy. Scand J Psychol 2017; 57:256-70. [PMID: 27119257 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Schizotypy refers to a personality structure indicating "proneness" to schizophrenia. Around 10% of the general population has increased schizotypal traits, they also share other core features with schizophrenia and are thus at heightened risk for developing schizophrenia and spectrum disorders. A key aspect in schizophrenia-spectrum pathology is the impairment observed in emotion-related processes. This review summarizes findings on impairments related to central aspects of emotional processes, such as emotional disposition, alexithymia, facial affect recognition and speech prosody, in high schizotypal individuals in the general population. Although the studies in the field are not numerous, the current findings indicate that all these aspects of emotional processing are deficient in psychometric schizotypy, in accordance to the schizophrenia-spectrum literature. A disturbed frontotemporal neural network seems to be the critical link between these impairments, schizotypy and schizophrenia. The limitations of the current studies and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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16
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The Role of Metacognitive Self-Reflectivity in Emotional Awareness and Subjective Indices of Recovery in Schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis 2016; 204:903-908. [PMID: 27668353 PMCID: PMC5125882 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Emotional awareness deficits in people with schizophrenia have been linked to poorer objective outcomes, but no work has investigated the relationship between emotional awareness and subjective recovery indices or metacognitive self-reflectivity. The authors hypothesized that increased emotional awareness would be associated with greater self-esteem, hope, and self-reflectivity and that self-reflectivity would moderate links between emotional awareness and self-esteem and hope-such that significant relationships would only be observed at lower levels of self-reflectivity. Participants were 56 people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Correlations revealed that better emotional awareness was significantly associated with increased self-esteem and hope but not self-reflectivity. Self-reflectivity moderated the relationship between emotional awareness and self-esteem but not hope. Overall, findings suggest that emotional awareness may affect self-esteem for those low in self-reflectivity, but other factors may be important for those with greater self-reflectivity. Results emphasize the importance of interventions tailored to enhance self-reflective capacity in clients with schizophrenia.
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17
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Cicero DC, Klaunig MJ, Trask CL, Neis AM. Anomalous Self-Experiences and positive symptoms are independently associated with emotion processing deficits in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2016; 176:456-461. [PMID: 27562615 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Social-cognitive models posit a role of Anomalous Self-Experiences (ASEs), disturbances in the subjective experience of the self, in the development and maintenance of psychosis. Theorists have suggested that ASEs may underlie the social-cognitive deficits that are common in people with schizophrenia. Positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and ASEs may interfere with the ability to perceive, use, understand, and manage emotions. In the current study, 45 people with schizophrenia and 28 healthy controls completed the Inventory of Psychotic-Like Anomalous Self-Experiences (IPASE), the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT), and were rated on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Participants with schizophrenia had higher IPASE scores and lower MSCEIT scores than the comparison group. In a series of simultaneous regressions, ASEs, but not positive or negative symptoms, were associated with Total MSCEIT scores and the Using Emotions branch score. In contrast, positive symptoms, but not ASEs or negative symptoms were associated with Perceiving and Managing Emotions branches. Both ASEs and positive symptoms independently contributed to Emotional Experiencing scores. The severity of negative symptoms was not associated with deficits in any MSCEIT scores. These results suggest unique roles for ASEs and positive symptoms in emotion processing deficits in people with schizophrenia.
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18
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Horan WP, Wynn JK, Hajcak G, Altshuler L, Green MF. Distinct patterns of dysfunctional appetitive and aversive motivation in bipolar disorder versus schizophrenia: An event-related potential study. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 125:576-87. [PMID: 26845261 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are associated with different clinical profiles of disturbances in motivation, yet few studies have compared the neurophysiological correlates of such disturbances. Outpatients with schizophrenia (n = 34), or bipolar disorder I (n = 33), and healthy controls (n = 31) completed a task in which the late positive potential (LPP), an index of motivated attention, was assessed along motivational gradients determined by apparent distance from potential rewards or punishments. Sequences of cues signaling possible monetary gains or losses appeared to loom progressively closer to the viewer; a reaction time (RT) task after the final cue determined the outcome. Controls showed the expected pattern with LPPs for appetitive and aversive cues that were initially elevated, smaller during intermediate positions, and escalated just prior to the RT task. The clinical groups showed different patterns in the final positions just prior to the RT task: the bipolar group's LPPs to both types of cues peaked relatively early during looming sequences and subsequently decreased, whereas the schizophrenia group showed relatively small LPP escalations, particularly for aversive cues. These distinct patterns suggest that the temporal unfolding of attentional resource allocation for motivationally significant events may qualitatively differ between these disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Horan
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
| | - Jonathan K Wynn
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University
| | | | - Michael F Green
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
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19
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Abstract
Individuals with schizophrenia exhibit impaired social cognition, which manifests as difficulties in identifying emotions, feeing connected to others, inferring people's thoughts and reacting emotionally to others. These social cognitive impairments interfere with social connections and are strong determinants of the degree of impaired daily functioning in such individuals. Here, we review recent findings from the fields of social cognition and social neuroscience and identify the social processes that are impaired in schizophrenia. We also consider empathy as an example of a complex social cognitive function that integrates several social processes and is impaired in schizophrenia. This information may guide interventions to improve social cognition in patients with this disorder.
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