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Grimes KM, Ramani S, Vojtila LV, Foussias G, Remington G, Zakzanis KK. Neurocognitive performance and cognitive biases in young adults with schizotypal traits. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39039907 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2381554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Recent research suggests that neurocognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia may increase the risk of developing cognitive biases. As such, we set out to determine this predictive relationship as it pertains to the development of a first-episode psychosis. We hypothesized that poorer performance in processing speed would be associated with jumping to conclusions and an externalizing bias. Poorer performance in working memory would be associated with belief inflexibility and jumping to conclusions, and poorer performance in attention would be associated with attention to threat. We hypothesized that all cognitive biases would be associated with subsyndromal positive symptoms, and schizotypal traits would moderate these relationships. Undergraduate students (N = 130) completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, DAVOS Assessment of Cognitive Biases, Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences, and a computerized neuropsychological assessment battery. Processing speed had a small effect on externalizing bias, which in turn affected subsyndromal positive symptoms. There was no moderating effect of schizotypal traits on externalizing bias, but it was significantly associated with subsyndromal positive symptoms. Only the externalizing bias was associated with subsyndromal positive symptomatology, which might be explained by a restricted range and reduced variance in performance as a result of using a university student sample. This is one of few studies that sought to explain the mechanism responsible for the development of subsyndromal positive symptoms in a healthy sample using self-report measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lenka V Vojtila
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - George Foussias
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto Ontario, Toronto, Canada
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2
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Diao M, Demchenko I, Asare G, Chen Y, Debruille JB. Quantifying the effects of practicing a semantic task according to subclinical schizotypy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2900. [PMID: 38316943 PMCID: PMC10844607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The learning ability of individuals within the schizophrenia spectrum is crucial for their psychosocial rehabilitation. When selecting a treatment, it is thus essential to consider the impact of medications on practice effects, an important type of learning ability. To achieve this end goal, a pre-treatment test has to be developed and tested in healthy participants first. This is the aim of the current work, which takes advantage of the schizotypal traits present in these participants to preliminary assess the test's validity for use among patients. In this study, 47 healthy participants completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and performed a semantic categorization task twice, with a 1.5-hour gap between sessions. Practice was found to reduce reaction times (RTs) in both low- and high-SPQ scorers. Additionally, practice decreased the amplitudes of the N400 event-related brain potentials elicited by semantically matching words in low SPQ scorers only, which shows the sensitivity of the task to schizotypy. Across the two sessions, both RTs and N400 amplitudes had good test-retest reliability. This task could thus be a valuable tool. Ongoing studies are currently evaluating the impact of fully deceptive placebos and of real antipsychotic medications on these practice effects. This round of research should subsequently assist psychiatrists in making informed decisions about selecting the most suitable medication for the psychosocial rehabilitation of a patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Diao
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ilya Demchenko
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gifty Asare
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yelin Chen
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J Bruno Debruille
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Neurosciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Haenschel C, Krupic D, Hoff A, Corr PJ, Gaigg S, Fett AK. Comparing two measures of schizotypy and their relationship with psychological distress in British university students. Early Interv Psychiatry 2023; 17:1095-1106. [PMID: 36669849 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Schizotypy reflects the vulnerability to schizophrenia in the general population. Different questionnaires have been developed to measure aspects of schizotypy. Higher schizotypy scores have also been linked with depression, anxiety, and stress sensitivity. Here we examine the associations of schizotypy with symptoms of depression and anxiety in a sample of university students, using two different measures (N = 271). METHODS A series of confirmatory factor analyses was used to examine two distinct and frequently employed measures of schizotypy: the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE), and the Schizotypy Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). We assessed their relationship with each other and their predictive validity for anxiety, depression, and stress sensitivity. RESULTS Our results indicated the brief 7-factor SPQ (SPQ-BR) factor solution for the SPQ and the 15-item and 3 factor solution for the CAPE (i.e., CAPE-P15) as best fitting models. Particularly the CAPE dimension of persecutory ideation was a strong predictor of anxiety, depression, and stress sensitivity, whereas the SPQ dimensions of no close friends and social anxiety predicted psychological distress and stress in our student sample. CONCLUSIONS Our findings extend earlier work in general and patient samples and point to the importance of understanding the contribution of particularly positive schizotypy symptoms and different interpersonal aspects to psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dino Krupic
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University in Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Antonia Hoff
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Philip J Corr
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Gaigg
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Anne-Kathrin Fett
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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4
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Lebedeva IS, Tomyshev AS, Pechenkova EV. On the Correlations of Gray Matter with Schizotypy in Mentally Healthy Subjects. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023:10.1007/s10517-023-05852-9. [PMID: 37464196 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05852-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the relationships between morphometric characteristics of brain gray matter and schizotypy. Mentally healthy subjects (n=164, age 18-35 years) completed Russian version of SPQ-74 test and underwent high-field 3T MRI. Cortical thickness in the right frontal pole (determined with FreeSurfer 6.0.0) positively correlated with negative schizotypy factor. The revealed features can reflect the protective mechanisms (resilience) against the development of mental disorders and also can be a result of individual ontogenesis trajectories manifested in deceleration of the decrease of the cortex thickness during first 3 decades of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Lebedeva
- Scientific Center of Mental Health, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A S Tomyshev
- Scientific Center of Mental Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Pechenkova
- National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University), Moscow, Russia
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5
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Riehle M, Pillny M, Lincoln TM. Expanding the positivity offset theory of anhedonia to the psychosis continuum. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:47. [PMID: 35853895 PMCID: PMC9261090 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
People with schizophrenia and negative symptoms show diminished net positive emotion in low-arousing contexts (diminished positivity offset) and co-activate positive and negative emotion more frequently (increased ambivalence). Here, we investigated whether diminished positivity offset and increased ambivalence covary with negative symptoms along the continuum of psychotic symptoms. We conducted an online-study in an ad-hoc community sample (N = 261). Participants self-reported on psychotic symptoms (negative symptoms, depression, positive symptoms, anhedonia) and rated positivity, negativity, and arousal elicited by pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral stimuli. The data were analyzed with multilevel linear models. Increasing levels of all assessed symptom areas showed significant associations with diminished positivity offset. Increased ambivalence was related only to positive symptoms. Our results show that the diminished positivity offset is associated with psychotic symptoms in a community sample, including, but not limited to, negative symptoms. Ecological validity and symptom specificity require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Riehle
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute for Psychology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Pillny
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute for Psychology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tania M Lincoln
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute for Psychology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Yamaguchi R, Matsudaira I, Takeuchi H, Imanishi T, Kimura R, Tomita H, Kawashima R, Taki Y. RELN rs7341475 associates with brain structure in japanese healthy females. Neuroscience 2022; 494:38-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nenadić I, Meller T, Schmitt S, Stein F, Brosch K, Mosebach J, Ettinger U, Grant P, Meinert S, Opel N, Lemke H, Fingas S, Förster K, Hahn T, Jansen A, Andlauer TFM, Forstner AJ, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Hall ASM, Awasthi S, Ripke S, Witt SH, Rietschel M, Müller-Myhsok B, Nöthen MM, Dannlowski U, Krug A, Streit F, Kircher T. Polygenic risk for schizophrenia and schizotypal traits in non-clinical subjects. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1069-1079. [PMID: 32758327 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720002822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizotypy is a putative risk phenotype for psychosis liability, but the overlap of its genetic architecture with schizophrenia is poorly understood. METHODS We tested the hypothesis that dimensions of schizotypy (assessed with the SPQ-B) are associated with a polygenic risk score (PRS) for schizophrenia in a sample of 623 psychiatrically healthy, non-clinical subjects from the FOR2107 multi-centre study and a second sample of 1133 blood donors. RESULTS We did not find correlations of schizophrenia PRS with either overall SPQ or specific dimension scores, nor with adjusted schizotypy scores derived from the SPQ (addressing inter-scale variance). Also, PRS for affective disorders (bipolar disorder and major depression) were not significantly associated with schizotypy. CONCLUSIONS This important negative finding demonstrates that despite the hypothesised continuum of schizotypy and schizophrenia, schizotypy might share less genetic risk with schizophrenia than previously assumed (and possibly less compared to psychotic-like experiences).
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tina Meller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Mosebach
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ettinger
- Department of Psychology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Phillip Grant
- Psychology School, Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, Marienburgstr. 6, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
- Faculty of Life Science Engineering, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hannah Lemke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stella Fingas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Förster
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Till F M Andlauer
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Centre for Human Genetics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35033 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alisha S M Hall
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Swapnil Awasthi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA 02114, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Meller T, Schmitt S, Ettinger U, Grant P, Stein F, Brosch K, Grotegerd D, Dohm K, Meinert S, Förster K, Hahn T, Jansen A, Dannlowski U, Krug A, Kircher T, Nenadić I. Brain structural correlates of schizotypal signs and subclinical schizophrenia nuclear symptoms in healthy individuals. Psychol Med 2022; 52:342-351. [PMID: 32578531 PMCID: PMC8842196 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720002044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical psychotic-like experiences (PLE), resembling key symptoms of psychotic disorders, are common throughout the general population and possibly associated with psychosis risk. There is evidence that such symptoms are also associated with structural brain changes. METHODS In 672 healthy individuals, we assessed PLE and associated distress with the symptom-checklist-90R (SCL-90R) scales 'schizotypal signs' (STS) and 'schizophrenia nuclear symptoms' (SNS) and analysed associations with voxel- and surfaced-based brain structural parameters derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T with CAT12. RESULTS For SNS, we found a positive correlation with the volume in the left superior parietal lobule and the precuneus, and a negative correlation with the volume in the right inferior temporal gyrus [p < 0.05 cluster-level Family Wise Error (FWE-corrected]. For STS, we found a negative correlation with the volume of the left and right precentral gyrus (p < 0.05 cluster-level FWE-corrected). Surface-based analyses did not detect any significant clusters with the chosen statistical threshold of p < 0.05. However, in exploratory analyses (p < 0.001, uncorrected), we found a positive correlation of SNS with gyrification in the left insula and rostral middle frontal gyrus and of STS with the left precuneus and insula, as well as a negative correlation of STS with gyrification in the left temporal pole. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that brain structures in areas implicated in schizophrenia are also related to PLE and its associated distress in healthy individuals. This pattern supports a dimensional model of the neural correlates of symptoms of the psychotic spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Meller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032Marburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ettinger
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, 53111Bonn, Germany
| | - Phillip Grant
- Psychology School, Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, Marienburgstr. 6, 60528Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Faculty of Life Science Engineering, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032Marburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Dohm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Förster
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032Marburg, Germany
- Core-Facility BrainImaging, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-Universität, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039Marburg, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032Marburg, Germany
- Marburg University Hospital – UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032Marburg, Germany
- Marburg University Hospital – UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039Marburg, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032Marburg, Germany
- Marburg University Hospital – UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039Marburg, Germany
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Kirschner M, Hodzic-Santor B, Antoniades M, Nenadic I, Kircher T, Krug A, Meller T, Grotegerd D, Fornito A, Arnatkeviciute A, Bellgrove MA, Tiego J, Dannlowski U, Koch K, Hülsmann C, Kugel H, Enneking V, Klug M, Leehr EJ, Böhnlein J, Gruber M, Mehler D, DeRosse P, Moyett A, Baune BT, Green M, Quidé Y, Pantelis C, Chan R, Wang Y, Ettinger U, Debbané M, Derome M, Gaser C, Besteher B, Diederen K, Spencer TJ, Fletcher P, Rössler W, Smigielski L, Kumari V, Premkumar P, Park HRP, Wiebels K, Lemmers-Jansen I, Gilleen J, Allen P, Kozhuharova P, Marsman JB, Lebedeva I, Tomyshev A, Mukhorina A, Kaiser S, Fett AK, Sommer I, Schuite-Koops S, Paquola C, Larivière S, Bernhardt B, Dagher A, Grant P, van Erp TGM, Turner JA, Thompson PM, Aleman A, Modinos G. Cortical and subcortical neuroanatomical signatures of schizotypy in 3004 individuals assessed in a worldwide ENIGMA study. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1167-1176. [PMID: 34707236 PMCID: PMC9054674 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuroanatomical abnormalities have been reported along a continuum from at-risk stages, including high schizotypy, to early and chronic psychosis. However, a comprehensive neuroanatomical mapping of schizotypy remains to be established. The authors conducted the first large-scale meta-analyses of cortical and subcortical morphometric patterns of schizotypy in healthy individuals, and compared these patterns with neuroanatomical abnormalities observed in major psychiatric disorders. The sample comprised 3004 unmedicated healthy individuals (12-68 years, 46.5% male) from 29 cohorts of the worldwide ENIGMA Schizotypy working group. Cortical and subcortical effect size maps with schizotypy scores were generated using standardized methods. Pattern similarities were assessed between the schizotypy-related cortical and subcortical maps and effect size maps from comparisons of schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and major depression (MDD) patients with controls. Thicker right medial orbitofrontal/ventromedial prefrontal cortex (mOFC/vmPFC) was associated with higher schizotypy scores (r = 0.067, pFDR = 0.02). The cortical thickness profile in schizotypy was positively correlated with cortical abnormalities in SZ (r = 0.285, pspin = 0.024), but not BD (r = 0.166, pspin = 0.205) or MDD (r = -0.274, pspin = 0.073). The schizotypy-related subcortical volume pattern was negatively correlated with subcortical abnormalities in SZ (rho = -0.690, pspin = 0.006), BD (rho = -0.672, pspin = 0.009), and MDD (rho = -0.692, pspin = 0.004). Comprehensive mapping of schizotypy-related brain morphometry in the general population revealed a significant relationship between higher schizotypy and thicker mOFC/vmPFC, in the absence of confounding effects due to antipsychotic medication or disease chronicity. The cortical pattern similarity between schizotypy and schizophrenia yields new insights into a dimensional neurobiological continuity across the extended psychosis phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kirschner
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada ,grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benazir Hodzic-Santor
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Mathilde Antoniades
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Igor Nenadic
- grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany ,grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tina Meller
- grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alex Fornito
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Aurina Arnatkeviciute
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Mark A. Bellgrove
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Jeggan Tiego
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Koch
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carina Hülsmann
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Harald Kugel
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288University Clinic for Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Enneking
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Melissa Klug
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J. Leehr
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Joscha Böhnlein
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marius Gruber
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - David Mehler
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- grid.416477.70000 0001 2168 3646Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY USA ,grid.250903.d0000 0000 9566 0634The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Manhasset, NY USA ,grid.512756.20000 0004 0370 4759Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY USA
| | - Ashley Moyett
- grid.416477.70000 0001 2168 3646Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY USA
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Melissa Green
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.250407.40000 0000 8900 8842Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Randwick, NSW Australia
| | - Yann Quidé
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.250407.40000 0000 8900 8842Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Randwick, NSW Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMelbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Raymond Chan
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ulrich Ettinger
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Debbané
- grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Melodie Derome
- grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Gaser
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Bianca Besteher
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Kelly Diederen
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Tom J. Spencer
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Fletcher
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wulf Rössler
- grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lukasz Smigielski
- grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Veena Kumari
- grid.7728.a0000 0001 0724 6933Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Preethi Premkumar
- grid.7728.a0000 0001 0724 6933Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Haeme R. P. Park
- grid.9654.e0000 0004 0372 3343School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kristina Wiebels
- grid.9654.e0000 0004 0372 3343School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - James Gilleen
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, King’s College London, London, UK ,grid.35349.380000 0001 0468 7274University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Paul Allen
- grid.35349.380000 0001 0468 7274University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Petya Kozhuharova
- grid.35349.380000 0001 0468 7274University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Jan-Bernard Marsman
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Irina Lebedeva
- grid.466467.10000 0004 0627 319XMental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Tomyshev
- grid.466467.10000 0004 0627 319XMental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Mukhorina
- grid.466467.10000 0004 0627 319XMental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Stefan Kaiser
- grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Kathrin Fett
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, King’s College London, London, UK ,grid.28577.3f0000 0004 1936 8497City, University London, London, UK
| | - Iris Sommer
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Schuite-Koops
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Casey Paquola
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Sara Larivière
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Boris Bernhardt
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Phillip Grant
- grid.440934.e0000 0004 0593 1824Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Theo G. M. van Erp
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Imaging Genetics and Neuroinformatics Lab, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - André Aleman
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gemma Modinos
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK. .,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK.
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10
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Schröder R, Faiola E, Fernanda Urquijo M, Bey K, Meyhöfer I, Steffens M, Kasparbauer AM, Ruef A, Högenauer H, Hurlemann R, Kambeitz J, Philipsen A, Wagner M, Koutsouleris N, Ettinger U. Neural Correlates of Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Schizotypy and Recent Onset Psychosis: A Multivariate Pattern Classification Approach. SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN OPEN 2022; 3:sgac034. [PMID: 39144773 PMCID: PMC11206064 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Schizotypy refers to a set of personality traits that bear resemblance, at subclinical level, to psychosis. Despite evidence of similarity at multiple levels of analysis, direct comparisons of schizotypy and clinical psychotic disorders are rare. Therefore, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the neural correlates and task-based functional connectivity (psychophysiological interactions; PPI) of smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) in patients with recent onset psychosis (ROP; n = 34), participants with high levels of negative (HNS; n = 46) or positive (HPS; n = 41) schizotypal traits, and low-schizotypy control participants (LS; n = 61) using machine-learning. Despite strong previous evidence that SPEM is a highly reliable marker of psychosis, patients and controls could not be significantly distinguished based on SPEM performance or blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal during SPEM. Classification was, however, significant for the right frontal eye field (FEF) seed region in the PPI analyses but not for seed regions in other key areas of the SPEM network. Applying the right FEF classifier to the schizotypal samples yielded decision scores between the LS and ROP groups, suggesting similarities and dissimilarities of the HNS and HPS samples with the LS and ROP groups. The very small difference between groups is inconsistent with previous studies that showed significant differences between patients with ROP and controls in both SPEM performance and underlying neural mechanisms with large effect sizes. As the current study had sufficient power to detect such differences, other reasons are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Schröder
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eliana Faiola
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Fernanda Urquijo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Bey
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Inga Meyhöfer
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Steffens
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Anne Ruef
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanna Högenauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - René Hurlemann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oldenburg Medical Campus, Hermann-Ehlers-Str. 7, 26160, Bad Zwischenahn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University HospitalBonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ettinger
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, 53111, Bonn, Germany
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11
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Schizotypy, childhood trauma and brain morphometry. Schizophr Res 2021; 238:73-81. [PMID: 34624682 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma confers risk for psychosis and is associated with increased 'schizotypy' (a multi-dimensional construct reflecting risk for psychosis in the general population). Structural brain alterations are associated with both childhood trauma and schizotypy, but the potential role of trauma exposure in moderating associations between schizotypy and brain morphology has yet to be determined. METHODS Participants were 160 healthy individuals (mean age: 40.08 years, SD = 13.64, range 18-64; 52.5% female). Childhood trauma exposure was assessed using the Childhood Adversity Questionnaire, and schizotypy was assessed using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Univariate voxel-based morphometry and multivariate analyses of grey matter volume covariation (GMC; derived from independent component analysis) were performed to determine the main effects of schizotypy, trauma exposure and their interaction on these indices of grey matter volume. Moderation analyses were performed following significant interaction. RESULTS Levels of schizotypy, in particular the Cognitive-Perceptual and Interpersonal dimensions, were negatively associated with GMC in the striatum, the hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus and insulae. Trauma exposure was negatively associated with GMC of the middle frontal gyrus and parietal lobule, while negatively associated with GMC in the cerebellum. Levels of schizotypy (total scores, and the cognitive-perceptual dimension) were negatively associated with striatal GMC in individuals not exposed to trauma, but not in those exposed to trauma. CONCLUSIONS Schizotypy and childhood trauma were independently associated with changes of grey matter in brain regions critical for cognition and social cognition. In individuals not exposed to trauma, increased schizotypy was associated with decreased striatal and limbic grey matter.
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12
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Narcissistic personality traits and prefrontal brain structure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15707. [PMID: 34344930 PMCID: PMC8333046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Narcissistic traits have been linked to structural and functional brain networks, including the insular cortex, however, with inconsistent findings. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that subclinical narcissism is associated with variations in regional brain volumes in insular and prefrontal areas. We studied 103 clinically healthy subjects, who were assessed for narcissistic traits using the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI, 40-item version) and received high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel-based morphometry was used to analyse MRI scans and multiple regression models were used for statistical analysis, with threshold-free cluster enhancement (TFCE). We found significant (p < 0.05, family-wise error FWE corrected) positive correlations of NPI scores with grey matter in multiple prefrontal cortical areas (including the medial and ventromedial, anterior/rostral dorsolateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices, subgenual and mid-anterior cingulate cortices, insula, and bilateral caudate nuclei). We did not observe reliable links to particular facets of NPI-narcissism. Our findings provide novel evidence for an association of narcissistic traits with variations in prefrontal and insular brain structure, which also overlap with previous functional studies of narcissism-related phenotypes including self-enhancement and social dominance. However, further studies are needed to clarify differential associations to entitlement vs. vulnerable facets of narcissism.
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13
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Schizotypy in Parkinson's disease predicts dopamine-associated psychosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:759. [PMID: 33437004 PMCID: PMC7804198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosis is the most common neuropsychiatric side-effect of dopaminergic therapy in Parkinson’s disease (PD). It is still unknown which factors determine individual proneness to psychotic symptoms. Schizotypy is a multifaceted personality trait related to psychosis-proneness and dopaminergic neurotransmission in healthy subjects. We investigated whether (1) PD patients exhibit lower schizotypy than controls and (2) dopamine-related neuropsychiatric side-effects can be predicted by higher schizotypy. In this cross-sectional study, we used the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences in 56 PD patients (12 women, mean ± sd age: 61 ± 11 years) receiving their usual dopaminergic medication and 32 age-matched healthy controls (n = 32; 18 women, mean ± sd age: 57 ± 6 years). We further compared schizotypy scores of patients with (n = 18, 32.1%) and without previously experienced psychosis. We found that patients exhibited lower schizotypy than controls. Further, patients with a history of psychosis exhibited higher schizotypy than patients without these symptoms. Using an information theoretic measure and a machine learning approach, we show that schizotypy yields the greatest predictive value for dopamine-associated hallucinations compared to other patient characteristics and disease related factors. Our results indicate an overlap between neural networks associated with schizotypy and the pathophysiology of PD and a relationship between schizotypy and psychotic side-effects of dopaminergic medication.
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14
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Distress severity in perceptual anomalies moderates the relationship between prefrontal brain structure and psychosis proneness in nonclinical individuals. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:1111-1122. [PMID: 33532868 PMCID: PMC8354976 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the general population, psychosis risk phenotypes occur independently of attenuated prodromal syndromes. Neurobiological correlates of vulnerability could help to understand their meaningfulness. Interactions between the occurrence of psychotic-like experiences (PLE) and other psychological factors e.g., distress related to PLE, may distinguish psychosis-prone individuals from those without risk of future psychotic disorder. We aimed to investigate whether (a) correlates of total PLE and distress, and (b) symptom dimension-specific moderation effects exist at the brain structural level in non-help-seeking adults reporting PLE below and above the screening criterion for clinical high-risk (CHR). We obtained T1-weighted whole-brain MRI scans from 104 healthy adults from the community without psychosis CHR states for voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Brain structural associations with PLE and PLE distress were analysed with multiple linear regression models. Moderation of PLE by distress severity of two types of positive symptoms from the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16) screening inventory was explored in regions-of-interest after VBM. Total PQ-16 score was positively associated with grey matter volume (GMV) in prefrontal regions, occipital fusiform and lingual gyri (p < 0.05, FDR peak-level corrected). Overall distress severity and GMV were not associated. Examination of distress severity on the positive symptom dimensions as moderators showed reduced strength of the association between PLE and rSFG volume with increased distress severity for perceptual PLE. In this study, brain structural variation was related to PLE level, but not distress severity, suggesting specificity. In healthy individuals, positive relationships between PLE and prefrontal volumes may indicate protective features, which supports the insufficiency of PLE for the prediction of CHR. Additional indicators of vulnerability, such as distress associated with perceptual PLE, change the positive brain structure relationship. Brain structural findings may strengthen clinical objectives through disentanglement of innocuous and risk-related PLE.
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15
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Evermann U, Gaser C, Besteher B, Langbein K, Nenadić I. Cortical Gyrification, Psychotic-Like Experiences, and Cognitive Performance in Nonclinical Subjects. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:1524-1534. [PMID: 32691058 PMCID: PMC7707080 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic-like experiences (PLE) are present in nonclinical populations, yet their association with brain structural variation, especially markers of early neurodevelopment, is poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that cortical surface gyrification, a putative marker of early brain development, is associated with PLE in healthy subjects. METHODS We analyzed gyrification from 3 Tesla MRI scans (using CAT12 software) and PLE (positive, negative, and depressive symptom dimensions derived from the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences, CAPE) in 103 healthy participants (49 females, mean age 29.13 ± 9.37 years). A subsample of 63 individuals completed tasks from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and Controlled Oral Word Association Test. Estimated IQ and a composite neuropsychological score were used to explore mediation pathways via cognition. RESULTS Positive PLE distress was negatively associated with gyrification of the left precuneus. PLE depression dimension showed a negative association with gyrification in the right supramarginal and temporal region. There was no significant mediating effect of cognition on these associations. CONCLUSION Our results support a neurobiological psychosis spectrum, for the first time linking an early developmental imaging marker (rather than volume) to dimensional subclinical psychotic symptoms. While schizophrenia risk, neurodevelopment, and cognitive function might share genetic risk factors, additional mediation analyses did not confirm a mediating effect of cognition on the gyrification-psychopathology correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Evermann
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gaser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Bianca Besteher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Langbein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany
- Marburg University Hospital – UKGM, Marburg, Germany
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16
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Kirschner M, Schmidt A, Hodzic-Santor B, Burrer A, Manoliu A, Zeighami Y, Yau Y, Abbasi N, Maatz A, Habermeyer B, Abivardi A, Avram M, Brandl F, Sorg C, Homan P, Riecher-Rössler A, Borgwardt S, Seifritz E, Dagher A, Kaiser S. Orbitofrontal-Striatal Structural Alterations Linked to Negative Symptoms at Different Stages of the Schizophrenia Spectrum. Schizophr Bull 2020; 47:849-863. [PMID: 33257954 PMCID: PMC8084448 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Negative symptoms such as anhedonia and apathy are among the most debilitating manifestations of schizophrenia (SZ). Imaging studies have linked these symptoms to morphometric abnormalities in 2 brain regions implicated in reward and motivation: the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and striatum. Higher negative symptoms are generally associated with reduced OFC thickness, while higher apathy specifically maps to reduced striatal volume. However, it remains unclear whether these tissue losses are a consequence of chronic illness and its treatment or an underlying phenotypic trait. Here, we use multicentre magnetic resonance imaging data to investigate orbitofrontal-striatal abnormalities across the SZ spectrum from healthy populations with high schizotypy to unmedicated and medicated first-episode psychosis (FEP), and patients with chronic SZ. Putamen, caudate, accumbens volume, and OFC thickness were estimated from T1-weighted images acquired in all 3 diagnostic groups and controls from 4 sites (n = 337). Results were first established in 1 discovery dataset and replicated in 3 independent samples. There was a negative correlation between apathy and putamen/accumbens volume only in healthy individuals with schizotypy; however, medicated patients exhibited larger putamen volume, which appears to be a consequence of antipsychotic medications. The negative association between reduced OFC thickness and total negative symptoms also appeared to vary along the SZ spectrum, being significant only in FEP patients. In schizotypy, there was increased OFC thickness relative to controls. Our findings suggest that negative symptoms are associated with a temporal continuum of orbitofrontal-striatal abnormalities that may predate the occurrence of SZ. Thicker OFC in schizotypy may represent either compensatory or pathological mechanisms prior to the disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kirschner
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,To whom correspondence should be addressed; 3801 Rue University, Montréal QC, H3A 2B4 Canada; tel: +1 514-398-1726, fax: +1 514–398–8948, e-mail:
| | - André Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Achim Burrer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrei Manoliu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK,Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK
| | - Yashar Zeighami
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yvonne Yau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nooshin Abbasi
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anke Maatz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Aslan Abivardi
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mihai Avram
- Department of Neuroradiology and TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Schleswig Holstein University Hospital, University Lübeck, Lübeck Germany
| | - Felix Brandl
- Department of Psychiatry and TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Sorg
- Department of Neuroradiology and TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Homan
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY,Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY
| | | | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stefan Kaiser
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Adult Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Wang YM, Yang ZY, Wang Y, Wang YY, Cai XL, Zhang RT, Hu HX, Cheung EFC, Chan RCK. Grey matter volume and structural covariance associated with schizotypy. Schizophr Res 2020; 224:88-94. [PMID: 33046333 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we applied brain grey matter volume and structural covariance methods on T1 weighted images to delineate potential structural brain changes in individuals with high schizotypy, who were defined as healthy individuals scoring in the top tenth percentile of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Eighty-seven college students with high schizotypy and 122 controls were recruited in China. Differences in grey matter volume and volume covariance between the two groups, and correlations of grey matter volume with SPQ scores in the high schizotypy group were examined. We found that individuals with high schizotypy had decreased grey matter volume at the left medial superior frontal gyrus (medsFG) extending towards the superior frontal gyrus, decreased structural covariance within the right medsFG, between the right superior frontal gyrus (sFG), the right superior temporal gyrus and the right anterior insula; and increased structural covariance between the caudate and the right inferior temporal gyrus. Correlation analysis revealed that grey matter volume of the left middle temporal pole and the right sFG correlated positively with the SPQ total scores, volume of the bilateral cerebellum 9 sub-region correlated negatively with the SPQ cognitive-perceptual sub-scale scores, volume of the bilateral striatum correlated positively with the SPQ interpersonal sub-scale scores, and volume of the bilateral superior temporal pole correlated positively with the SPQ disorganization sub-scale scores in the high schizotypy group. These results highlight important grey matter structural changes in the medsFG in individuals with high schizotypy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ming Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, PR China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhou-Ya Yang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yan-Yu Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, PR China; Department of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xin-Lu Cai
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, PR China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Rui-Ting Zhang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hui-Xin Hu
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Eric F C Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, PR China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
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18
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Meller T, Ettinger U, Grant P, Nenadić I. The association of striatal volume and positive schizotypy in healthy subjects: intelligence as a moderating factor. Psychol Med 2020; 50:2355-2363. [PMID: 31530329 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizotypy, a putative schizophrenia endophenotype, has been associated with brain-structural variations partly overlapping with those in psychotic disorders. Variations in precuneus structure have been repeatedly reported, whereas the involvement of fronto-striatal networks - as in schizophrenia - is less clear. While shared genetic architecture is thought to increase vulnerability to environmental insults, beneficial factors like general intelligence might buffer their effect. METHODS To further investigate the role of fronto-striatal networks in schizotypy, we examined the relationship of voxel- and surface-based brain morphometry and a measure of schizotypal traits (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, with subscores Cognitive-Perceptual, Interpersonal, Disorganised) in 115 healthy participants [54 female, mean age (s.d.) = 27.57(8.02)]. We tested intelligence (MWT-B) as a potential moderator. RESULTS We found a positive association of SPQ Cognitive-Perceptual with putamen volume (p = 0.040, FWE peak level-corrected), moderated by intelligence: with increasing IQ, the correlation of SPQ Cognitive-Perceptual and striatal volume decreased (p = 0.022). SPQ Disorganised was positively correlated with precentral volume (p = 0.013, FWE peak level-corrected). In an exploratory analysis (p < 0.001, uncorrected), SPQ total score was positively associated with gyrification in the precuneus and postcentral gyrus, and SPQ Disorganised was negatively associated with gyrification in the inferior frontal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the role of fronto-striatal networks for schizotypal features in healthy individuals, and suggest that these are influenced by buffering factors like intelligence. We conclude that protective factors, like general cognitive capacity, might attenuate the psychosis risk associated with schizotypy. These results endorse the idea of a continuous nature of schizotypy, mirroring similar findings in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Meller
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ettinger
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, 53111Bonn, Germany
| | - Phillip Grant
- Psychology School, Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, Marienburgstr. 6, 60528Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Faculty of Life Science Engineering, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032Marburg, Germany
- Marburg University Hospital - UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039Marburg, Germany
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19
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Derome M, Tonini E, Zöller D, Schaer M, Eliez S, Debbané M. Developmental Trajectories of Cortical Thickness in Relation to Schizotypy During Adolescence. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:1306-1316. [PMID: 32133513 PMCID: PMC7505202 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Investigating potential gray matter differences in adolescents presenting higher levels of schizotypy personality traits could bring further insights into the development of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Research has yet to examine the morphological correlates of schizotypy features during adolescence prospectively, and no information is available on the developmental trajectories from adolescence to adulthood. We employed mixed model regression analysis to investigate developmental trajectories of cortical thickness (CT) in relation to schizotypy dimensions in a cohort of 109 adolescents from the general population for whom MRI-scans were acquired over a 5-year period, culminating in a total of 271 scans. Structural data were processed with FreeSurfer software, statistical analyses were conducted using mixed regression models following a ROI-based approach, and schizotypy was assessed with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Accelerated thinning was observed in the posterior cingulate cortex in relation to high levels of positive schizotypy, whereas high levels of disorganized schizotypy were associated with a similar trajectory pattern in the anterior cingulate cortex. The developmental course of CT in the prefrontal, occipital, and cingulate cortices differed between adolescents expressing higher vs lower levels of negative schizotypy. Participants reporting high scores on all schizotypy dimensions were associated with differential trajectories of CT in posterior cingulate cortex and occipital cortex. Consistently with prospective developmental studies of clinical risk conversion, the negative schizotypy dimension appears to constitute the most informative dimension for psychosis-related psychopathology, as its cerebral correlates in adolescents most closely overlap with results found in clinical high risk for psychosis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélodie Derome
- Developmental Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Developmental Neuroimaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emiliana Tonini
- Developmental Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Developmental Neuroimaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Zöller
- Developmental Neuroimaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Medical Image Processing Lab, Institute of Bioengineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Schaer
- Developmental Neuroimaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Neuroimaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martin Debbané
- Developmental Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Developmental Neuroimaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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20
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Pfarr JK, Nenadić I. A multimodal imaging study of brain structural correlates of schizotypy dimensions using the MSS. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 302:111104. [PMID: 32474373 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct of subclinical schizophrenia-like behavioural traits and cognition. The recently developed multidimensional schizotypy scale (MSS) provides an improved psychometric assessment of the three main dimensions (positive, negative, and disorganised). We tested the hypothesis that the three dimensions are related to brain structural variation in the precuneus and fronto-thalamo-striatal system in a new non-clinical healthy cohort to support a dimensional model of the psychosis spectrum. We analysed data from 104 subjects with Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS) phenotyping and 3 Tesla magnetic resonance images using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) applying CAT12 software, and diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) with TBSS in FSL to test for correlations with MSS scores. MSS subscales and total score were negatively associated with GMV in brain areas including the medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and lateral prefrontal and orbital cortex. MSS schizotypy was associated with white matter integrity in anterior thalamic radiation, uncinate fasciculus, and superior longitudinal fasciculus. Our findings provide first direct evidence for an association of schizotypy (as a psychosis risk phenotype) and the fronto-thalamo-striatal system, in both grey and white matter with regionally diverging effects across single dimensions. This provides new evidence arguing for the fronto-striatal system (rather than precuneus) in schizotypy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia-Katharina Pfarr
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany; Marburg University Hospital - UKGM, Marburg, Germany.
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21
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Romero-Garcia R, Seidlitz J, Whitaker KJ, Morgan SE, Fonagy P, Dolan RJ, Jones PB, Goodyer IM, Suckling J, Vértes PE, Bullmore ET. Schizotypy-Related Magnetization of Cortex in Healthy Adolescence Is Colocated With Expression of Schizophrenia-Related Genes. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:248-259. [PMID: 32029217 PMCID: PMC7369635 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic risk is thought to drive clinical variation on a spectrum of schizophrenia-like traits, but the underlying changes in brain structure that mechanistically link genomic variation to schizotypal experience and behavior are unclear. METHODS We assessed schizotypy using a self-reported questionnaire and measured magnetization transfer as a putative microstructural magnetic resonance imaging marker of intracortical myelination in 68 brain regions in 248 healthy young people (14-25 years of age). We used normative adult brain gene expression data and partial least squares analysis to find the weighted gene expression pattern that was most colocated with the cortical map of schizotypy-related magnetization. RESULTS Magnetization was significantly correlated with schizotypy in the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus (and for disorganized schizotypy, also in medial prefrontal cortex; all false discovery rate-corrected ps < .05), which are regions of the default mode network specialized for social and memory functions. The genes most positively weighted on the whole-genome expression map colocated with schizotypy-related magnetization were enriched for genes that were significantly downregulated in two prior case-control histological studies of brain gene expression in schizophrenia. Conversely, the most negatively weighted genes were enriched for genes that were transcriptionally upregulated in schizophrenia. Positively weighted (downregulated) genes were enriched for neuronal, specifically interneuronal, affiliations and coded a network of proteins comprising a few highly interactive "hubs" such as parvalbumin and calmodulin. CONCLUSIONS Microstructural magnetic resonance imaging maps of intracortical magnetization can be linked to both the behavioral traits of schizotypy and prior histological data on dysregulated gene expression in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kirstie J Whitaker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond J Dolan
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Huntingdon, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Goodyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Huntingdon, United Kingdom
| | - John Suckling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Petra E Vértes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom; School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward T Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Huntingdon, United Kingdom
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22
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Hashimoto N, Michaels TI, Hancock R, Kusumi I, Hoeft F. Maternal cerebellar gray matter volume is associated with daughters' psychotic experience. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:392-397. [PMID: 32353195 PMCID: PMC7424852 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM A substantial portion of children and adolescents show subthreshold psychotic symptoms called psychotic experience (PE). Because PE shares its biological and environmental risk factors with psychotic spectrum disorders, parental neuroanatomical variation could reflect a heritable biological underpinning of PE that may predict an offspring's PE. METHODS A total of 94 participants from 35 families without a diagnosis of major neuropsychiatric disorders were examined, including 14 mother-daughter, 17 mother-son, 12 father-daughter, and 16 father-son dyads. An offspring's PE was assessed with the Atypicality subscale of the Behavior Assessment System for Children - 2nd Edition, Self-Report of Personality form (BASCaty). We examined correlations between voxel-by-voxel parental gray matter volume and their offspring's BASCaty score. RESULTS Maternal cerebellar gray matter volume using voxel-based morphometry was positively correlated with their daughters' BASCaty scores. The findings were significant in a more robust approach using cerebellum-specific normalization known. We did not find significant correlation between paternal gray matter volume and BASCaty scores or between offspring gray matter volumes and their BASCaty scores. CONCLUSION Expanding upon parent-of-origin effects in psychosis, maternal neuroanatomical variation was associated with daughters' PE. The nature of this sex-specific intergenerational effect is unknown, but maternally transmitted genes may relate cerebellum development to PE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Timothy I Michaels
- Brain Imaging Research Center, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA.,Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Medical Center, Sacramento, USA
| | - Roeland Hancock
- Brain Imaging Research Center, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA.,Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Ichiro Kusumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Hoeft
- Brain Imaging Research Center, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA.,Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Interaction of emotion and cognitive control along the psychosis continuum: A critical review. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 147:156-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Barron D, Voracek M, Tran US, Ong HS, Morgan KD, Towell T, Swami V. A reassessment of the higher-order factor structure of the German Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ-G) in German-speaking adults. Psychiatry Res 2018; 269:328-336. [PMID: 30173038 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) is a widely-used self-report instrument for the assessment of schizotypal personality traits. However, the factor structure of scores on English and non-English translations of the SPQ has been a matter of debate. With little previous factorial evaluation of the German version of the SPQ (SPQ-G), we re-assessed the higher-order factor structure of the measure. A total of 2,428 German-speaking adults from Central Europe (CE) and the United Kingdom (UK) completed the SPQ-G. Confirmatory factor analysis - testing proposed 2-, 3-, and 4-factor models of SPQ-G scores - indicated that the 4-factor solution had best fit. Partial measurement invariance across cultural group (CE and UK) and sex was obtained for the 4-factor model. Further analyses showed CE participants had significantly higher scores than UK participants on one schizotypal facet. These results suggest that scores on the SPQ-G are best explained in terms of a higher-order, 4-factor solution in German migrant and non-migrant adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Barron
- Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Martin Voracek
- Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich S Tran
- Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hui San Ong
- School of Data Sciences, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Kevin D Morgan
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Tony Towell
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Viren Swami
- Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia; Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin, Cambridge, UK
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25
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Wang Y, Li Z, Liu WH, Wei XH, Jiang XQ, Lui SSY, Ho-wai So S, Cheung EFC, Debbane M, Chan RCK. Negative Schizotypy and Altered Functional Connectivity During Facial Emotion Processing. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:S491-S500. [PMID: 29608759 PMCID: PMC6188525 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment in facial emotion perception is an important domain of social cognition deficits in schizophrenia. Although impaired facial emotion perception has been found in individuals with negative schizotypy (NS), little is known about the corresponding change in brain functional connectivity. METHODS Sixty-four participants were classified into a high NS group (n = 34) and a low NS group (n = 30) based on their total scores on the Chapman scales for physical and social anhedonia. All participants undertook a facial emotion discrimination functional imaging task that consisted of four emotional valences (angry, fear, happy, and neutral). For univariate analysis, the signal change at the bilateral amygdala was compared for each emotional contrast using SPSS (P < .05). For the functional connectivity analysis, we calculated the beta-series functional connectivity of the bilateral amygdala with the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and compared the group differences in SPM12 (P < .05, small volume family-wise error correction). RESULTS No significant differences were found between the high and low NS groups in accuracy and reaction time in the facial emotion discrimination task. The high NS group showed reduced brain activations at the amygdala under fearful and neutral conditions. Reduced functional connectivity between the amygdala and the mPFC/dorsal anterior cingulate cortex under the happy and fearful conditions in the high NS group was also found. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the individuals with high NS showed altered brain activity and functional connectivity at the amygdala during facial emotion processing and provide new evidence for understanding social cognition deficits in at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 10101, China; tel: 86-010-64877349, fax: 86-010-64872070, e-mail:
| | - Zhi Li
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-hua Liu
- Faculty of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-hua Wei
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-qing Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simon S Y Lui
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Suzanne Ho-wai So
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Eric F C Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Martin Debbane
- Developmental Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerl,Developmental NeuroImaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerl,Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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26
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Modinos G, Egerton A, McLaughlin A, McMullen K, Kumari V, Lythgoe DJ, Barker GJ, Aleman A, Williams SCR. Neuroanatomical changes in people with high schizotypy: relationship to glutamate levels. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1880-1889. [PMID: 29198207 PMCID: PMC5884418 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717003403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortical glutamatergic dysfunction is thought to be fundamental for psychosis development, and may lead to structural degeneration through excitotoxicity. Glutamate levels have been related to gray matter volume (GMV) alterations in people at ultra-high risk of psychosis, and we previously reported GMV changes in individuals with high schizotypy (HS), which refers to the expression of schizophrenia-like characteristics in healthy people. This study sought to examine whether GMV changes in HS subjects are related to glutamate levels. METHODS We selected 22 healthy subjects with HS and 23 healthy subjects with low schizotypy (LS) based on their rating on a self-report questionnaire for psychotic-like experiences. Glutamate levels were measured in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and GMV was assessed using voxel-based morphometry. RESULTS Subjects with HS showed GMV decreases in the rolandic operculum/superior temporal gyrus (pFWE = 0.045). Significant increases in GMV were also detected in HS, in the precuneus (pFWE = 0.043), thereby replicating our previous finding in a separate cohort, as well as in the ACC (pFWE = 0.041). While the HS and LS groups did not differ in ACC glutamate levels, in HS subjects ACC glutamate was negatively correlated with ACC GMV (pFWE = 0.026). Such association was absent in LS. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that GMV findings in schizotypy are related to glutamate levels, supporting the hypothesis that glutamatergic function may lead to structural changes associated with the expression of psychotic-like experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Modinos
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
| | - Alice Egerton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
| | - Anna McLaughlin
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
| | - Katrina McMullen
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
| | - Veena Kumari
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
| | - David J Lythgoe
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
| | - André Aleman
- University of Groningen, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steve CR Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
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27
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Lemaitre AL, Lafargue G, Duffau H, Herbet G. Damage to the left uncinate fasciculus is associated with heightened schizotypal traits: A multimodal lesion-mapping study. Schizophr Res 2018; 197:240-248. [PMID: 29499963 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that individuals with pronounced schizotypal traits also display particular neurophysiological and morphological features - notably with regard to left frontotemporal connectivity. However, the studies published to date have focused on subclinical subjects and psychiatric patients, rather than brain-damaged patients. Here, we used the French version of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire to assess schizotypal traits in a sample of 97 patients having undergone surgical resection of a diffuse low-grade glioma. Patients having received other neurooncological treatments (including chemotherapy and radiotherapy) were not included. A combination of ROI-based based voxel-wise and tract-wise lesion-symptom mapping and a disconnectome analysis were performed, in order to identify the putative neural network associated with schizotypy. The ROI-based lesion-symptom mapping revealed a significant relationship between the cognitive-perceptual (positive) dimension of schizotypy and the left inferior gyrus (including the pars opercularis and the pars orbitalis). Importantly, we found that disconnection of the left uncinate fasciculus (UF) was a powerful predictor of the positive dimension of schizotypy. Lastly, the disconnection analysis indicated that the positive dimension of schizotypy was significantly associated with the white matter fibres deep in the left orbital and inferior frontal gyri and the left superior temporal pole, which mainly correspond to the spatial topography of the left UF. Taken as a whole, our results suggest that dysconnectivity of the neural network supplied by the left UF is associated with heightened positive schizotypal traits. Our new findings may be of value in interpreting current research in the field of biological psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Lemaitre
- Univ. Lille, EA 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, F-34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Lafargue
- Laboratoire Cognition, Santé, Société, C2S, EA 6291, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, F-51096 Reims, France
| | - Hugues Duffau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, F-34295 Montpellier, France; Institute for Neuroscience of Montpellier, INSERM U1051 (Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Human Stem Cells and Glial Tumors research group), Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, F-34091 Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Herbet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, F-34295 Montpellier, France; Institute for Neuroscience of Montpellier, INSERM U1051 (Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Human Stem Cells and Glial Tumors research group), Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, F-34091 Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France.
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28
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Modinos G, Egerton A, McMullen K, McLaughlin A, Kumari V, Barker GJ, Williams SCR, Zelaya F. Increased resting perfusion of the hippocampus in high positive schizotypy: A pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling study. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:4055-4064. [PMID: 29885018 PMCID: PMC6174983 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial spin labeling (ASL) provides absolute quantification of resting tissue cerebral blood flow (CBF) as an entirely noninvasive approach with good reproducibility. As a result of neurovascular coupling, ASL provides a useful marker of resting neuronal activity. Recent ASL studies in individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis (CHR) have reported increased resting hippocampal perfusion compared with healthy controls. Schizotypy refers to the presence of subclinical psychotic-like experiences in healthy individuals and represents a robust framework to study neurobiological mechanisms involved in the extended psychosis phenotype while avoiding potentially confounding effects of antipsychotic medications or disease comorbidity. Here we applied pseudo-continuous ASL to examine differences in resting CBF in 21 subjects with high positive schizotypy (HS) relative to 22 subjects with low positive schizotypy (LS), as determined by the Oxford and Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences. Based on preclinical evidence that hippocampal hyperactivity leads to increased activity in mesostriatal dopamine projections, CBF in hippocampus, midbrain, and striatum was assessed. Participants with HS showed higher CBF of the right hippocampus compared to those with LS (p = .031, family-wise error corrected). No differences were detected in the striatum or midbrain. The association between increased hippocampal CBF and HS supports the notion that hippocampal hyperactivity might be a central characteristic of the extended psychosis phenotype, while hyperactivity in subcortical dopamine pathways may only emerge at a higher intensity of psychotic experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Modinos
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Egerton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina McMullen
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna McLaughlin
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Veena Kumari
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steve C R Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando Zelaya
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Zouraraki C, Karamaouna P, Karagiannopoulou L, Giakoumaki SG. Schizotypy-Independent and Schizotypy-Modulated Cognitive Impairments in Unaffected First-Degree Relatives of Schizophrenia-spectrum Patients. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2017; 32:1010-1025. [PMID: 28383650 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acx029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to compare the neurocognitive profile of unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients with control individuals, controlling for different schizotypal traits. Method One hundred and fifteen adult unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia-spectrum patients and 122 controls were tested for schizotypy with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. They also underwent a thorough neurocognitive assessment with a range of tasks covering several aspects of executive functioning. Between-group differences in cognition were examined first with multivariate analysis of variance and then with a series of multivariate analyses of covariance, including the schizotypal dimensions as covariates. Results The relatives had higher scores on all schizotypal dimensions compared with controls and poorer planning, problem solving, strategy formation and working memory, irrespective of schizotypal traits. They also scored lower in executive working memory and verbal fluency. The difference in executive working memory was sensitive to the effects of paranoid and negative schizotypy (both dimensions abolished the between-group difference) whereas the difference in verbal fluency was sensitive only to the effects of paranoid schizotypy. Neither cognitive-perceptual nor disorganized schizotypy accounted for any differences in neurocognition between relatives and the controls. Conclusions Impairments in planning, problem solving, strategy formation and working memory are "core" impairments in the schizophrenia-spectrum, possibly due to high heritability effects in these functions. Impairments in executive working memory and verbal fluency are associated with paranoid and negative schizotypy, possibly due to alterations in a common fronto-temporo-parietal neural network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Zouraraki
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Rethymno 74100, Crete, Greece
| | - Penny Karamaouna
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Rethymno 74100, Crete, Greece
| | - Leda Karagiannopoulou
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Rethymno 74100, Crete, Greece
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30
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Wang Y, Ettinger U, Meindl T, Chan RCK. Association of schizotypy with striatocortical functional connectivity and its asymmetry in healthy adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 39:288-299. [PMID: 29024192 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered striatocortical functional connectivity has been suggested to be a trait marker of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, including schizotypal personality. In the present study, we examined the association between schizotypal personality traits and striatocortical functional connectivity in a sample of healthy adults. The German version of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire was obtained from N = 111 participants recruited from the general public. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired at 3T. Six striatal seed regions in each hemisphere were defined and striatocortical resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) as well as its lateralization indices was calculated. Regression analysis showed that schizotypy scores, especially from the positive dimension, were positively correlated with rsFC between ventral striatum and frontal cortex and negatively associated with rsFC between dorsal striatum and posterior cingulate. No significant associations were found between negative dimension schizotypy and striatocortical rsFC. We also found positive correlations between schizotypy total scores and lateralization index of right dorsal caudate and right rostral putamen. In conclusion, the present study extends previous evidence of altered striatocortical rsFC in the schizophrenia spectrum. The observed associations resemble in part the alterations observed in psychotic patients and their relatives, providing support for dimensionality from schizotypal personality to the clinical disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 39:288-299, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience (NACN) Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Thomas Meindl
- Institute of Clinical Radiology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience (NACN) Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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31
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Kanayama N, Asai T, Nakao T, Makita K, Kozuma R, Uyama T, Yamane T, Kadota H, Yamawaki S. Subjectivity of the Anomalous Sense of Self Is Represented in Gray Matter Volume in the Brain. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:232. [PMID: 28536515 PMCID: PMC5422542 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The self includes complicated and heterogeneous functions. Researchers have divided the self into three distinct functions called “agency,” “ownership,” and “narrative self”. These correspond to psychiatric symptoms, behavioral characteristics and neural responses, but their relationship with brain structure is unclear. This study examined the relationship between the subjectivity of self-related malfunctions and brain structure in terms of gray matter (GM) volume in 96 healthy people. They completed a recently developed self-reported questionnaire called the Embodied Sense of Self Scale (ESSS) that measures self-related malfunctions. The ESSS has three subscales reflecting the three distinct functions of the self. We also determined the participants’ brain structures using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between ownership malfunction and the insular cortex GM volume. A relationship with brain structure could thus only be confirmed for the ESSS “ownership” subscale. This finding suggests that distinct brain structures feel ownership and that the ESSS could partly screen for distinct brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Kanayama
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima, Japan.,Center of KANSEI Innovation, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Asai
- Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Communication Science Laboratories, Human Information Science LaboratoryKanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakao
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima, Japan
| | - Kai Makita
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima, Japan.,Center of KANSEI Innovation, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kozuma
- Faculty of Medicine, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuto Uyama
- Faculty of Medicine, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Kadota
- Research Institute, Kochi University of TechnologyKochi, Japan
| | - Shigeto Yamawaki
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima, Japan.,Center of KANSEI Innovation, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima, Japan
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32
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Corticolimbic hyper-response to emotion and glutamatergic function in people with high schizotypy: a multimodal fMRI-MRS study. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1083. [PMID: 28375210 PMCID: PMC5416694 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models and human neuroimaging studies suggest that altered levels of glutamatergic metabolites within a corticolimbic circuit have a major role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Rodent models propose that prefrontal glutamate dysfunction could lead to amygdala hyper-response to environmental stress and underlie hippocampal overdrive in schizophrenia. Here we determine whether changes in brain glutamate are present in individuals with high schizotypy (HS), which refers to the presence of schizophrenia-like characteristics in healthy individuals, and whether glutamate levels are related to altered corticolimbic response to emotion. Twenty-one healthy HS subjects and 22 healthy subjects with low schizotypy (LS) were selected based on their Oxford and Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences rating. Glutamate levels were measured in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, followed by a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan to measure corticolimbic response during emotional processing. fMRI results and fMRI × glutamate interactions were considered significant after voxel-wise P<0.05 family-wise error correction. While viewing emotional pictures, HS individuals showed greater activation than did subjects with LS in the caudate, and marginally in the ACC, hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and putamen. Although no between-group differences were found in glutamate concentrations, within the HS group ACC glutamate was negatively correlated with striatal activation (left: z=4.30, P=0.004 and right: z=4.12 P=0.008 caudate; left putamen: z=3.89, P=0.018) and marginally with MPFC (z=3.55, P=0.052) and amygdala (left: z=2.88, P=0.062; right: z=2.79, P=0.079), correlations that were not present in LS subjects. These findings provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence that brain glutamate levels are associated with hyper-responsivity in brain regions thought to be critical in the pathophysiology of psychosis.
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33
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Zhu Y, Tang Y, Zhang T, Li H, Tang Y, Li C, Luo X, He Y, Lu Z, Wang J. Reduced functional connectivity between bilateral precuneus and contralateral parahippocampus in schizotypal personality disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:48. [PMID: 28152990 PMCID: PMC5288938 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is linked to schizophrenia in terms of shared genetics, biological markers and phenomenological characteristics. In the current study, we aimed to determine whether the previously reported altered functional connectivity (FC) with precuneus in patients with schizophrenia could be extended to individuals with SPD. METHODS Twenty subjects with SPD and 19 healthy controls were recruited from 4461 freshmen at a university in Shanghai and received a resting-state scan of MRI. All participants were evaluated by the Chinese version of Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and the Chinese version of Symptom Checklist (SCL-90). The imaging data were analysed using the seed-based functional connectivity method. RESULTS Compared with the controls, SPD subjects exhibited reduced FC between bilateral precuneus and contralateral parahippocampus. In SPD group, SPQ total score was negatively correlated with FC between right precuneus and left parahippocampus (r = -0.603, p = 0.006); there was a negative trend between SPQ subscale score of suspiciousness and FC between left precuneus and right parahippocampus (r = -0.553, p = 0.014); and a positive trend was found between SPQ subscale score of odd or eccentric behaviour and FC between left precuneus and right superior temporal gyrus (r = 0.543, p = 0.016). As for the SCL-90 score, a similar negative trend was found between SCL-90 subscale score of suspiciousness and FC between right precuneus and left parahippocampus (r = -0.535, p = 0.018) in SPD group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the decreased functional connectivity between precuneus and contralateral parahippocampus might play a key role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Zhu
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cShanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South Wan Ping Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China ,Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yunxiang Tang
- 0000 0004 0369 1660grid.73113.37Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cShanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South Wan Ping Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cShanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South Wan Ping Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Tang
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cShanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South Wan Ping Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunbo Li
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cShanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South Wan Ping Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China ,0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingguang Luo
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06516 USA
| | - Yongguang He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South Wan Ping Road 600, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zheng Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xin Cun Road, Shanghai, 200065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jijun Wang
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cShanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South Wan Ping Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China ,0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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34
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Gupta CN, Castro E, Rachkonda S, van Erp TGM, Potkin S, Ford JM, Mathalon D, Lee HJ, Mueller BA, Greve DN, Andreassen OA, Agartz I, Mayer AR, Stephen J, Jung RE, Bustillo J, Calhoun VD, Turner JA. Biclustered Independent Component Analysis for Complex Biomarker and Subtype Identification from Structural Magnetic Resonance Images in Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:179. [PMID: 29018368 PMCID: PMC5623192 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and cognitive symptoms domain-based subtyping in schizophrenia (Sz) has been critiqued due to the lack of neurobiological correlates and heterogeneity in symptom scores. We, therefore, present a novel data-driven framework using biclustered independent component analysis to detect subtypes from the reliable and stable gray matter concentration (GMC) of patients with Sz. The developed methodology consists of the following steps: source-based morphometry (SBM) decomposition, selection and sorting of two component loadings, subtype component reconstruction using group information-guided ICA (GIG-ICA). This framework was applied to the top two group discriminative components namely the insula/superior temporal gyrus/inferior frontal gyrus (I-STG-IFG component) and the superior frontal gyrus/middle frontal gyrus/medial frontal gyrus (SFG-MiFG-MFG component) from our previous SBM study, which showed diagnostic group difference and had the highest effect sizes. The aggregated multisite dataset consisted of 382 patients with Sz regressed of age, gender, and site voxelwise. We observed two subtypes (i.e., two different subsets of subjects) each heavily weighted on these two components, respectively. These subsets of subjects were characterized by significant differences in positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) positive clinical symptoms (p = 0.005). We also observed an overlapping subtype weighing heavily on both of these components. The PANSS general clinical symptom of this subtype was trend level correlated with the loading coefficients of the SFG-MiFG-MFG component (r = 0.25; p = 0.07). The reconstructed subtype-specific component using GIG-ICA showed variations in voxel regions, when compared to the group component. We observed deviations from mean GMC along with conjunction of features from two components characterizing each deciphered subtype. These inherent variations in GMC among patients with Sz could possibly indicate the need for personalized treatment and targeted drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cota Navin Gupta
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Eduardo Castro
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research, Yorktown Heights, NY, United States
| | | | - Theo G M van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Steven Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Judith M Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hyo Jong Lee
- Divisions of Electronics and Information Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Bryon A Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Douglas N Greve
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew R Mayer
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Julia Stephen
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Rex E Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Juan Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jessica A Turner
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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35
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Evans DW, Michael AM, Ularević M, Lusk LG, Buirkle JM, Moore GJ. Neural substrates of a schizotypal spectrum in typically-developing children: Further evidence of a normal-pathological continuum. Behav Brain Res 2016; 315:141-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Season of birth and population schizotypy: Results from a large sample of the adult general population. Psychiatry Res 2016; 242:245-250. [PMID: 27310922 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the last years have seen an increasing interest in schizotypy and its pathogenesis, there exist only a handful of studies examining the possible interaction between season of birth (SOB) and schizotypic personality structure. Available research used differing screening instruments, rendering comparisons between studies difficult, and sample sizes in adult populations may have been too small to detect a mild effect. The current study examined the association between SOB and psychometric schizotypy in the so far single-largest sample from the adult general population (N=8114), balanced for men and women, and utilizing a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of schizotypy. Using the 12 most informative items of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire Brief, we obtained evidence of a small, but significant, effect of late winter and early spring births (February/March) on psychometric schizotypy. The effect was not constrained to women, but affected men and women alike. The observed association between SOB and schizotypy appears compatible with seasonal variations of temperature and influenza prevalence, and with recent evidence on seasonal variability in the activity of the human immune system. Our findings lend support to the continuum hypothesis of schizotypy and schizophrenia, for which SOB effects have been previously established.
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Wiebels K, Waldie KE, Roberts RP, Park HR. Identifying grey matter changes in schizotypy using partial least squares correlation. Cortex 2016; 81:137-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ma G, Fan H, Shen C, Wang W. Genetic and Neuroimaging Features of Personality Disorders: State of the Art. Neurosci Bull 2016; 32:286-306. [PMID: 27037690 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality disorders often act as a common denominator for many psychiatric problems, and studies on personality disorders contribute to the etiopathology, diagnosis, and treatment of many mental disorders. In recent years, increasing evidence from various studies has shown distinctive features of personality disorders, and that from genetic and neuroimaging studies has been especially valuable. Genetic studies primarily target the genes encoding neurotransmitters and enzymes in the serotoninergic and dopaminergic systems, and neuroimaging studies mainly focus on the frontal and temporal lobes as well as the limbic-paralimbic system in patients with personality disorders. Although some studies have suffered due to unclear diagnoses of personality disorders and some have included few patients for a given personality disorder, great opportunities remain for investigators to launch new ideas and technologies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Ma
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Science, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Hongying Fan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chanchan Shen
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Science, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Science, Hangzhou, 310007, China.
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