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The Content Level, Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics, and Health-Risk Assessment of Trace Elements in Upper Lancang River (Changdu Section). WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14071115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of trace elements in the water of Lancang River during the wet season (October) and dry season (December) was carried out to analyze the content of trace elements in the water, spatial and seasonal variations, enrichment, and health risks of dissolved trace metal. The results showed that the content of trace elements in the main stream of the upper Lancang River met the “Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water” (GB3838-2002) Class I water-quality standard, but the Fe content in sampling points during the wet season exceeded the limit value of water-quality standard. Compared with other rivers in Tibet, the contents of As, Fe, and Pb in the study were relatively high. While Pb, As, and Zn were the mainly enriched trace elements. The water temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, As, Cr, and Cu in the main stream of the upper Lancang River with significant seasonal variations. The content of trace elements in the front of the dam was lower than that in the tail and under the dam. The trace elements in the water of the reservoir area increased with an increase in the depth, and the reservoir had a certain interception effect on the trace elements. The As content in the main stream of the Lancang River was greatly affected by the branch of Angqu with high content of As. The HQingestion and HI of As in the part of the river in the study exceeded 1, and the water-quality health risks of the Guoduo reservoir tail and urban reaches were higher than those of other reaches, which should be paid more attention.
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Constenla M, Soler-Membrives A, Besada V, Carrassón M. Impact assessment of a large river on the sediments and fish from its continental shelf: using Solea solea as sentinel in the Ebro river mouth (NW Mediterranean, Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:15713-15728. [PMID: 34636002 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have been carried out along mighty rivers with heavily industrialized watersheds to evaluate pollutants and their effects on freshwater organisms. However, their impact on marine organisms is virtually unknown. In order to cover this gap, Solea solea, one of the most important commercial fish species, together with sediments, were sampled during 2013-2015 offshore from the Ebro Delta river mouth. Fish health indicators (condition indices, histological tissue alterations, and parasite descriptors) were used to assess the potential effect of pollutants, an issue of particular interest in the area following the dredging activities taking place in the river upstream in 2013. No major histopathological alterations were detected, but perivascular inflammatory foci (PIF) were frequently observed, especially in 2014. The most prevalent and abundant parasites were acanthocephalans and digeneans within the digestive tract and copepods on the gills. Levels of trace metals from sediments and fish muscle were below the effects range median and reference levels accepted for human consumption, respectively. However, the lower levels of the hepatosomatic index, higher numbers of PIF, and variations in the abundance of parasites in 2014 and 2015 could suggest a pollutant exposure during these years. These results warn signs of toxicity, which could be associated with sediment leaks during the dredging activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Constenla
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Soler-Membrives
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Besada
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro, 50, 36390, Vigo, Spain
| | - Maite Carrassón
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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Catchment Soil Properties Affect Metal(loid) Enrichment in Reservoir Sediments of German Low Mountain Regions. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sediment management is a fundamental part of reservoir operation, but it is often complicated by metal(loid) enrichment in sediments. Knowledge concerning the sources of potential contaminants is therefore of important significance. To address this issue, the concentrations and the mobile fractions of metal(loid)s were determined in the sediments and the respective catchment areas of six reservoirs. The results indicate that reservoirs generally have a high potential for contaminated sediment accumulation due to preferential deposition of fine particles. The median values of the element-specific enrichment factor (EF) demonstrates slight enrichments of arsenic (EF: 3.4), chromium (EF: 2.8), and vanadium (EF: 2.9) for reservoir sediments. The enrichments of cadmium (EF: 8.2), manganese (EF: 3.9), nickel (EF: 4.8), and zinc (EF: 5.0) are significantly higher. This is enabled by a diffuse element release from the soils into the impounded streams, which is particularly favored by soil acidity. Leaching from the catchment soils partially enriches elements in stream sediments before their fine-grained portions in particular are deposited as reservoir sediment. We assume that this effect is of high relevance especially for reservoirs impounding small streams with forested catchments and weakly acid buffering parent material of soil formation.
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Assessment of Distribution of Potentially Toxic Elements in Different Environmental Media Impacted by a Former Chlor-Alkali Plant. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132413829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Former industrially contaminated sites are a burden from the past that still pose environmental risks. During the second half of the 20th century, the Pavlodar region in North Kazakhstan had been a part of Soviet Union’s industrial system that operated a chlor-alkali plant (CAP). The former CAP discharged approximately 135 t Hg into nearby Lake Balkyldak with total losses to water, soil, and air estimated around 1000 t. Pollution by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) due to former and currently active industrial enterprises is an under-investigated concern in the Pavlodar region. The present study aims to provide a much-needed update on the situation around the CAP area by evaluating the contamination by Hg and other selected PTEs (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Zn) on the surrounding environment of the CAP and in the nearby urban zone. Soil, sediment, surface water, and groundwater samples have been collected in several sampling campaigns carried out in 2018 and 2019. Several samples had Hg concentrations exceeding maximum permissible concentrations (MPC), for soils and sediments (in mg/kg; range: 0.0006 to 24, average: 0.56) and for surface water and groundwater (in µg/L; range: 0.004 to 1340, average: 93). Critically high concentrations were mostly measured in the vicinity of Lake Balkyldak, where the majority of Hg had been discharged by the former CAP, indicating persisting Hg pollution in the studied zone. A comparison of the PTEs concentrations in soil and sediments showed less severe pollution but still some elevated values for As, Ba, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Se. The inter-elemental relationship between Hg and assessed PTEs was weak, indicating the presence of sources independent from Hg emitting sources. Further research on Hg contamination on the exact territory of the former CAP is needed, and a detailed human health risk characterization to identify potential unacceptable risks is strongly recommended.
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Assessment of Surface Water Quality in the Podu Iloaiei Dam Lake (North-Eastern Romania): Potential Implications for Aquaculture Activities in the Area. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13172395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Podu Iloaiei Dam Lake located on the Bahluet River from Bahlui hydrographic basin, north-eastern Romania, is one of the most important water resources used for aquaculture activities in the region of interest. In the present study, the chemical composition related to water-soluble ions and elements was assessed in both water and sediment samples collected from the area of interest during July 2017 and October 2017, representative months for warm and cold seasons, respectively. Water-soluble ions (H3C2O2−, HCO2−, C2O42−, F−, Cl−, NO2−, Br−, NO3−, SO42−, Li+, Na+, NH4+, K+, and Ca2+) were analyzed by ion chromatography, while inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to quantify water-soluble fractions of elements (Be, B, Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, Ba, Ir, Tl, Pb, Bi, and U). Evidence was obtained on the contributions of both anthropogenic and natural (pedologic) related sources in controlling the chemical composition of the water and sediment samples in the area. Analysis of Piper diagrams revealed the existence of CO32−/HCO3− and Ca2+/Mg2+ as dominant species for the sediment samples. The interest water pool was found to be oligotrophic over the warm period and eutrophic over the cold period. Overall, abundances and the association of chemical species in the area seemed to be controlled by a complex interplay between the water body’s main characteristics, meteorological factors, and anthropogenic activities. Moreover, the present results suggest that precautions should be taken for physicochemical parameter monitoring and prevention acts for surface water quality assurance in order to control the potential negative influence of some chemical parameters on fish productivity. Reported data also have a high potential to be used by experts in the field of developing lake water management policies for a sustainable exploitation of various aquatic systems.
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Sousa R, Halabowski D, Labecka AM, Douda K, Aksenova O, Bespalaya Y, Bolotov I, Geist J, Jones HA, Konopleva E, Klunzinger MW, Lasso CA, Lewin I, Liu X, Lopes-Lima M, Mageroy J, Mlambo M, Nakamura K, Nakano M, Österling M, Pfeiffer J, Prié V, Paschoal LRP, Riccardi N, Santos R, Shumka S, Smith AK, Son MO, Teixeira A, Thielen F, Torres S, Varandas S, Vikhrev IV, Wu X, Zieritz A, Nogueira JG. The role of anthropogenic habitats in freshwater mussel conservation. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2298-2314. [PMID: 33739622 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic freshwater habitats may provide undervalued prospects for long-term conservation as part of species conservation planning. This fundamental, but overlooked, issue requires attention considering the pace that humans have been altering natural freshwater ecosystems and the accelerated levels of biodiversity decline in recent decades. We compiled 709 records of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionida) inhabiting a broad variety of anthropogenic habitat types (from small ponds to large reservoirs and canals) and reviewed their importance as refuges for this faunal group. Most records came from Europe and North America, with a clear dominance of canals and reservoirs. The dataset covered 228 species, including 34 threatened species on the IUCN Red List. We discuss the conservation importance and provide guidance on how these anthropogenic habitats could be managed to provide optimal conservation value to freshwater mussels. This review also shows that some of these habitats may function as ecological traps owing to conflicting management practices or because they act as a sink for some populations. Therefore, anthropogenic habitats should not be seen as a panacea to resolve conservation problems. More information is necessary to better understand the trade-offs between human use and the conservation of freshwater mussels (and other biota) within anthropogenic habitats, given the low number of quantitative studies and the strong biogeographic knowledge bias that persists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo Sousa
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Dariusz Halabowski
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna M Labecka
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karel Douda
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Aksenova
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia Bespalaya
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan Bolotov
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - Juergen Geist
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Hugh A Jones
- Environment, Energy and Science, NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
| | - Ekaterina Konopleva
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - Michael W Klunzinger
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld, Australia
- Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, WA, Australia
| | - Carlos A Lasso
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Programa Ciencias Biodiversidad, Línea Gestión de Recursos Hidrobiológicos, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Iga Lewin
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Xiongjun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Manuel Lopes-Lima
- CIBIO/InBIO - Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Jon Mageroy
- Norwegian Institute of Nature Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Musa Mlambo
- Department of Freshwater Invertebrates, Albany Museum, Makhanda (Grahamstow), South Africa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda (Grahamstown), South Africa
| | - Keiko Nakamura
- Environmental Service Department, Sociedad Aragonesa de Gestión Agroambiental (SARGA), Zaragoza, Spain
- "Cavanilles" Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mitsunori Nakano
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Minami Kyushu University, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Martin Österling
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences - Biology, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - John Pfeiffer
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vincent Prié
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB - Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Rogério Santos
- EcoBiv - Ecology and Conservation of Freshwater Mussel Group, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Spase Shumka
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Allan K Smith
- Pacific Northwest Native Freshwater Mussel Workgroup, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Mikhail O Son
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Amílcar Teixeira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Frankie Thielen
- natur and ëmwelt/Fondation Hëllef fir d'Natur, Heinerscheid, Luxembourg
| | - Santiago Torres
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia (CONICET, UNPA, UTN), Unidad Académica San Julián, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Simone Varandas
- CITAB-UTAD - Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Forestry Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ilya V Vikhrev
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Joana G Nogueira
- CIBIO/InBIO - Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
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Gacia E, Soto DX, Roig R, Catalan J. Phragmites australis as a dual indicator (air and sediment) of trace metal pollution in wetlands - the key case of Flix reservoir (Ebro River). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:142789. [PMID: 33572033 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of trace metal pollution in an environmentally complex context may require the use of a suite of indicators. Common reed, Phragmites australis, is a well-known biomonitor of sediment pollution. Here, we show its potential for also assessing air pollution. The plant panicles, holding silky hairs with high surface to volume ratio, are appropriate collectors of atmospheric contaminants, which perform independently from root bioconcentration. We applied the dual value of common reed as an indicator of trace metal pollution to the case of a chlor-alkali plant in the Ebro river bank (Spain). This factory had historically damped waste to the shallow Flix reservoir. Extensive common reed meadows are growing on the top of the waste, in a nearby nature reserve across the reservoir and a meander immediately downriver. Three replicated individuals from a total of 11 sites were sampled, and the trace metal content measured in the main plant compartments (roots, rhizomes, stems, leaves, and panicles). Panicles and roots showed a much larger concentration of trace metals than the other plant compartments. Levels of Hg, Cu, and Ni were markedly higher in panicles at the factory and nearby points of the reserve and lowered at the meander. In contrast, Cd, Zn, and Mn in roots increased from the factory to the meander downriver. We conclude that panicles show recent (less than a year) airborne pollution, whereas roots indicate the long-term transport of pollutants from the waste in the shoreline of the factory to downriver sedimentation hotspots, where they become more bioavailable than in the factory waste. The Hg spatial pattern in panicles agree with air measurements in later years, therefore, confirming the panicles suitability for assessing airborne pollution and, consequently, Phragmites as a potential dual biomonitor of air and sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperança Gacia
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, CSIC, Ctra. Accés Cala Sant Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - David X Soto
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, CSIC, Ctra. Accés Cala Sant Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes, Catalonia, Spain; UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Library Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Romero Roig
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, CSIC, Ctra. Accés Cala Sant Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Catalan
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, CSIC, Ctra. Accés Cala Sant Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Edifici C, Campus UAB, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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Ma QL, Yao LA, Guo QW, Zhou GJ, Liang RC, Fang QL, Xu ZC, Zhao XM. Long-term impact of accidental pollution on the distribution and risks of metals and metalloids in the sediment of the Longjiang River, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:1889-1900. [PMID: 32860603 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In January 2012, a serious accident polluted the Longjiang River with high concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and other concomitant metals and metalloids in the water. After emergency treatment (i.e., the addition of coagulants), these metals and metalloids were transferred from the water into the sediment through precipitation of the flocculent materials produced. In this study, the long-term distribution of six metals and metalloids in the sediment of the Longjiang River was investigated and their ecological risks were assessed. Approximately 1 year after the accident (i.e., late 2012), the average Cd content in the sediment of the affected sites decreased to 25.6 ± 19.5 mg/kg, which was 8 times higher than that of 3.16 ± 3.18 mg/kg in the upstream reference sites. In 2016 and 2017, the average Cd content in the sediment of the affected sites further decreased to 4.91 ± 2.23 and 6.27 ± 4.27 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with late 2012, the amounts of Zn, Pb, and Cu obviously decreased in 2016 and 2017, whereas there were no obvious differences in the As and Hg amounts during 3 years considered. Among metals and metalloids, the average contribution of Cd to the potential ecological risk index (RI) was 90%, 69%, and 70% in the affected areas in 2012, 2016, and 2017, respectively, suggesting that Cd was the most important factor affecting the ecological risk of metals in the Longjiang River. It should be noted that the average contribution of Hg to RI in the affected areas increased from 8% in 2012 to 25% and 23% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. The sequence of contribution of six elements was Cd > Hg > As>Pb > Cu ≈ Zn. A high ecological risk of metals and metalloids was found in the sediments of two reservoirs, probably owing to the barrier effect of the dam. This study will be useful for the environmental management of rivers affected by accidental pollution of metals and metalloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Li Ma
- South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510535, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Guangzhou, 510535, China
| | - Ling-Ai Yao
- South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510535, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Guangzhou, 510535, China
| | - Qing-Wei Guo
- South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510535, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Guangzhou, 510535, China
| | - Guang-Jie Zhou
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rong-Chang Liang
- South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510535, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Guangzhou, 510535, China
| | - Qiao-Li Fang
- South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510535, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Guangzhou, 510535, China
| | - Zhen-Cheng Xu
- South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510535, China
| | - Xue-Min Zhao
- South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510535, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Guangzhou, 510535, China.
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Guney M, Akimzhanova Z, Kumisbek A, Beisova K, Kismelyeva S, Satayeva A, Inglezakis V, Karaca F. Mercury (Hg) Contaminated Sites in Kazakhstan: Review of Current Cases and Site Remediation Responses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8936. [PMID: 33271828 PMCID: PMC7730887 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) emissions from anthropogenic sources pose a global problem. In Central Asia, Kazakhstan's central and northern regions are among the most severely Hg-contaminated territories. This is due to two former acetaldehyde (in Temirtau) and chlor-alkali (in Pavlodar) plants, discharges from which during the second half of the 20th century were estimated over 2000 tons of elemental Hg. However, the exact quantities of Hg released through atmospheric emissions to the environment, controlled discharges to the nearby aquatic systems, leakages in the cell plant, and contaminated sludge are still unknown. The present review is the initiation of a comprehensive field investigation study on the current state of these contaminated sites. It aims to provide a critical review of published literature on Hg in soils, sediments, water, and biota of the impacted ecosystems (Nura and Irtysh rivers, and Lake Balkyldak and their surrounding areas). It furthermore compares these contamination episodes with selected similar international cases as well as reviews and recommends demercuration efforts. The findings indicate that the contamination around the acetaldehyde plant site was significant and mainly localized with the majority of Hg deposited in topsoils and riverbanks within 25 km from the discharge point. In the chlor-alkali plant site, Lake Balkyldak in North Kazakhstan is the most seriously contaminated receptor. The local population of both regions might still be exposed to Hg due to fish consumption illegally caught from local rivers and reservoirs. Since the present field data is limited mainly to investigations conducted before 2010 and given the persisting contamination and nature of Hg, a recent up-to-date environmental assessment for both sites is highly needed, particularly around formerly detected hotspots. Due to incomplete site remediation efforts, recommendations given by several researchers for the territories of the former chlor-alkali and acetaldehyde plant site include ex-situ soil washing, soil pulping with gravitational separation, ultrasound and transgenic algae for sediments, and electrokinetic recovery for the former and removal and/or confinement of contaminated silt deposits and soils for the latter. However, their efficiency first needs to be validated. Findings and lessons from these sites will be useful not only on the local scale but also are valuable resources for the assessment and management of similar contaminated sites around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Guney
- The Environment & Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Z.A.); (A.K.); (K.B.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (F.K.)
- Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanel Akimzhanova
- The Environment & Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Z.A.); (A.K.); (K.B.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (F.K.)
- Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Aiganym Kumisbek
- The Environment & Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Z.A.); (A.K.); (K.B.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (F.K.)
- Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Kamila Beisova
- The Environment & Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Z.A.); (A.K.); (K.B.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (F.K.)
- Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Symbat Kismelyeva
- The Environment & Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Z.A.); (A.K.); (K.B.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (F.K.)
- Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Aliya Satayeva
- The Environment & Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Z.A.); (A.K.); (K.B.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (F.K.)
- Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Vassilis Inglezakis
- Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK;
| | - Ferhat Karaca
- The Environment & Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Z.A.); (A.K.); (K.B.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (F.K.)
- Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
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10
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Blank do Amaral AM, Kuhn de Moura L, de Pellegrin D, Guerra LJ, Cerezer FO, Saibt N, Prestes OD, Zanella R, Loro VL, Clasen B. Seasonal factors driving biochemical biomarkers in two fish species from a subtropical reservoir in southern Brazil: An integrated approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115168. [PMID: 32693306 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reservoirs are lentic man-made waterbodies resulting from river damming processes. Pollutants coming from adjacent areas can accumulate in the water and sediment of these modified freshwater environments. Fish are often found in reservoirs occupying several trophic niches. Biochemical biomarkers are early warning signals of environmental disturbance to an organism. It is essential to understand how pollutants, abiotic variables and biochemical biomarker responses behave throughout the seasons to implement biomonitoring programs. Loricariichthys anus and Geophagus brasiliensis were collected, and abiotic variables were seasonally measured for one year, at six sampling sites in Passo Real reservoir, in a subtropical region of Southern Brazil. Biochemical biomarkers were analyzed in four tissues of both fish species, as well as metal and pesticide concentrations in the reservoir's water and sediment. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was carried out to find the temporal relationship between biomarkers and environmental variables. RDA has clearly shown the separation of seasons for both species. Azoxystrobin, simazine and propoxur were the pesticides mostly contributing to the variation, whereas metals had lesser contribution to it. Seasonality appears to be the main factor explaining biomarkers' variability. PERMANOVA has confirmed the effect of temperature and dissolved oxygen on biomarkers of both fish species. Thus, it is hard to differentiate if the fluctuation in biomarkers' responses only reflects the normal state of organisms or it is a biological consequence from negative effects of fish exposure to several types of pollution (sewage, pesticides, and fertilizers) entering this aquatic system. In this study, to circumvent the seasonality issue on biomonitoring, the analysis of biomarkers on these fish should not be carried out in organs directly affected by temperature (such as liver and gills), or during reproduction periods (mainly in Spring).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Monique Blank do Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Kuhn de Moura
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Dionatan de Pellegrin
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Joner Guerra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Osmari Cerezer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Nathália Saibt
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas (LARP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Osmar Damian Prestes
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas (LARP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Renato Zanella
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas (LARP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Vania Lucia Loro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Barbara Clasen
- Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Porto Alegre, 90010-191, RS, Brazil.
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11
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Application of Multi-Source Data Fusion Method in Updating Topography and Estimating Sedimentation of the Reservoir. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12113057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The underwater terrain of a reservoir can experience significant changes due to the effects of erosion and siltation during decades of operation. Therefore, existing topographic data no longer reflect current reservoir terrains and need to be updated. In this paper, we propose a fast and economical method for updating the topography of a reservoir. According to multi-source data fusion, we effectively integrated sonar sounding data, cartographic data, and manual measurement data to update and reconstruct the bottom topography of a reservoir in Northeast China. By comparing the updated topography with the measured elevation, the average error of the simulation results is only 0.56%, which shows that the updated topography can accurately reflect the actual topography of the reservoir. Furthermore, by using the surface volume tool in ArcGIS, we developed the original and updated the elevation and volume curves of the reservoir. Finally, the amount of silting and its distribution in the reservoir were obtained by calculating the difference between the original and updated elevation and volume curves. The results show that the total sedimentation volume in the researching reservoir is about 4.3 million m3, which is mainly concentrated in the areas with an elevation below 50 m and above 60 m.
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12
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Chen M, Lu G, Wu J, Sun J, Yang C, Xie Y, Wang K, Deng F, Yi X, Dang Z. Acidity and metallic elements release from AMD-affected river sediments: Effect of AMD standstill and dilution. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109490. [PMID: 32302871 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In acid mine drainage (AMD) polluted rivers, considerable fraction of potential toxic elements are temporarily sequestered by sediments. There are two main potential environmental hazards associated with the sediments, acidity liberation and re-mobilization of metallic elements, during environmental conditions change. The effects of AMD standstill and water dilution on metallic elements migration were assessed in an AMD standstill test and a dialysis experiment. Maintaining AMD standstill, often occurring in AMD damming process, could induce the occurrence of iron secondary minerals precipitation along with attenuation of dissolved elements and a decrease in water pH value. Both field sediments and lab precipitates were confirmed as being dominant with schwertmannite which was the most important source and sink for acidity and metallic elements. The mechanism of cation heavy metals scavenging implied by FTIR results mostly depended on the exchanging of H+ from surface hydroxyl groups (-OH) in schwertmannite-rich sediments. For arsenic oxyanion, its adsorption included surface complexation with iron hydroxyl groups at the mineral surface, as well as anion exchange of SO42- present in the structure. The quantities of acidity release differed significantly from 20 to 3714 mol H+/t depending on the iron hydroxyl minerals type and their contents in the corresponding sediments in 35 d dialysis, with the release rate well fitted by the second order model. Slight degree of phase transformation in schwertmannite dominant sediment had resulted in a high risk of metallic element release during the 35 d dilution duration. The significant risk of metallic elements release was ranked in the order of Cd > Mn > Zn > Pb, and with more than 89% of Cd released from FS6 and 82% from LPS1. Relatively, Cu and As in sediments were much more stable. Overall, damming was an effective and low cost pretreatment strategy for AMD pollution control. Knowledge of the characteristics of iron secondary minerals in river sediments is essential premise for both comprehensive assessment of site contamination status and effective remediation strategy decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemcial Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China; The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guining Lu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jingxiong Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Jianteng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemcial Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Chengfang Yang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041, China
| | - Kaifeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemcial Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Fucai Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemcial Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yi
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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13
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Hahn J, Opp C, Ganzenmüller R, Ewert A, Schneider B, Zitzer N, Laufenberg G. Catchment soils as a factor of trace metal accumulation in sediments of the reservoir Klingenberg (eastern Ore Mountains, Germany). J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 86:1-14. [PMID: 31787174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The release and accumulation dynamics of trace metals in soils and aquatic sediments were exemplarily investigated in the catchment area of the Reservoir Klingenberg (Germany). Catchment soils were examined for mobilizable and total concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chrome (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) and compared with trace metal quantities accumulated in riverbed and reservoir sediments. The comparison of all samples showed relatively small variations of Cr (7.96-46.0 mg/kg), Fe (7.79-40.4 g/kg), and Ni (6.06-56.5 mg/kg), while stronger differences were found for As (11.2-164 mg/kg), Cd (0.14-30.5 mg/kg), Mn (0.08-1.84 g/kg), Pb (20.7-183 mg/kg), and Zn (69.1-916 mg/kg). The catchment soils were slightly enriched by Cd, Pb, and Zn. Especially Cd and Zn were characterized by large mobilizable proportions. The mean trace metal concentrations in riverbed sediments were higher than in catchment soils, while reservoir sediments accumulated the highest amounts of the analyzed elements. The enrichment of trace metals in reservoir sediments was generally determined by the sedimentation of fine particles, while the distribution of As, Fe, and Mn was additionally impacted by redox conditions. For Cd and Zn, which in comparison were most enriched in riverbed and reservoir sediments, a significant release from soils by leaching processes was observed. The accumulation of As and Pb in reservoir sediments was influenced to a greater extent by soil erosion and by anthropogenic or chalcogen sources in the catchment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hahn
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Working Group for Hydro- and Soil Geography, Deutschhausstr. 10, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Opp
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Working Group for Hydro- and Soil Geography, Deutschhausstr. 10, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Raphael Ganzenmüller
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Working Group for Hydro- and Soil Geography, Deutschhausstr. 10, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anntke Ewert
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Working Group for Hydro- and Soil Geography, Deutschhausstr. 10, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Schneider
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Geography, Physical Geography, Johannisallee 19a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nina Zitzer
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Mass Spectrometry, Marbacher Weg 6-10, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Laufenberg
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Mass Spectrometry, Marbacher Weg 6-10, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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14
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Chassiot L, Francus P, De Coninck A, Lajeunesse P, Cloutier D, Labarre T. Spatial and temporal patterns of metallic pollution in Québec City, Canada: Sources and hazard assessment from reservoir sediment records. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 673:136-147. [PMID: 30986673 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Québec City (QC, Canada) is an important urban center developed along the Saint-Charles River, at the confluence with the Saint-Lawrence River. Here, environmental issues related to pollution have been recently raised for sediments trapped upstream a dam built in the early 1970s. The major concern is about downstream transport of sediments and contaminants toward the Saint-Lawrence Estuary, a protected marine area of high socioeconomic value. This article deals with metallic contaminants in reservoir sediments collected along a longitudinal transect in the Saint-Charles River. The spatial and temporal patterns of metallic pollution have been assessed by the calculation of enrichment factors, geoaccumulation indexes, and metallic pollution index on 68 samples from a set of sediment cores and surface sediment samples. Severe to extreme pollutions are recorded with respect to silver (Ag), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb). Spatial analyses show contaminated samples are trapped in the downstream section of the river, where several point (industries, mall, harbor) and diffuse (dense urban habitat, road network) sources of pollution were evidenced using historical documents and multivariate statistics such as PCA/FA. A 50-yr sedimentary record indicates these metals were mainly delivered to the river system by the accumulation of fine-grained, organic-rich sediments during the 1970s and the 1980s. Since then, the commissioning of wastewater treatment plants in the city and environmental regulations likely played a key role to reduce the metallic yield in the Saint-Charles River. More recently, the river flow management within the reservoir favored the accumulation of much less contaminated sediments, burying the contamination. Yet, a significant environmental hazard remains if this sandy layer is removed by erosion, allowing for the remobilization and transport of contaminated sediments downstream toward the Saint-Lawrence River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Chassiot
- INRS-ETE, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1R 9A9, Canada; GEOTOP, Geochemistry and Geodynamics Research Center, 201 Avenue du Président Kennedy, Montréal, QC H2X 3Y7, Canada; Département de Géographie, Université Laval, Pavillon Abitibi-Price, 2405 Rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Pavillon Abitibi-Price, 2405 Rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Pierre Francus
- INRS-ETE, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1R 9A9, Canada; GEOTOP, Geochemistry and Geodynamics Research Center, 201 Avenue du Président Kennedy, Montréal, QC H2X 3Y7, Canada
| | | | - Patrick Lajeunesse
- Département de Géographie, Université Laval, Pavillon Abitibi-Price, 2405 Rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Pavillon Abitibi-Price, 2405 Rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Danielle Cloutier
- Département de Géographie, Université Laval, Pavillon Abitibi-Price, 2405 Rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Thibault Labarre
- Département de Géographie, Université Laval, Pavillon Abitibi-Price, 2405 Rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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15
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Chen M, Lu G, Wu J, Yang C, Niu X, Tao X, Shi Z, Yi X, Dang Z. Migration and fate of metallic elements in a waste mud impoundment and affected river downstream: A case study in Dabaoshan Mine, South China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 164:474-483. [PMID: 30144708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fate of metallic elements and their migration mechanisms in a waste mud impoundment and affected downstream were assessed. Physicochemical and mineralogical methods combined with PHREEQC calculation, statistical analysis and review of relevant literatures were employed. Results showed that the waste in mud impoundment had been severely weathered and acidized. Metallic elements exhibited high mobility and activity, with a mobility ranking order of Cd > Zn > Mn > Cu ≈ Cr > As ≈ Pb. Hydraulic transportation originating from elevation variation was the most important driving force for metallic elements migration. Although damming standstill was considered as an effective strategy for controlling coarse suspended particulate pollutants, metallic elements were still transported to the Hengshi River in both dissolved phase and fine suspended particle phase accompanied by the overflow of acid mine drainage. The concentrations of dissolved metallic elements were attenuated significantly along the Hengshi River within 41 km stretch. Precipitation/ co-precipitation of iron oxyhydroxides, especially schwertmannite, ferrihydrite and goethite minerals, were established as the most critical processes for metallic elements attenuation in river water. Accompanied by metals migration in the river, two pollution sensitive sites with notably high content of metals in the stretch of S6-S8 and S10, were identified in gently sloping river stretch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, PR China; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Technology and Development Center for Petrochemical Pollution Control and Resources Utilization of Guangdong Universities, Maoming 525000, PR China
| | - Guining Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Jingxiong Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, PR China; Technology and Development Center for Petrochemical Pollution Control and Resources Utilization of Guangdong Universities, Maoming 525000, PR China
| | - Chengfang Yang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221000, PR China
| | - Xianchun Niu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, PR China; Technology and Development Center for Petrochemical Pollution Control and Resources Utilization of Guangdong Universities, Maoming 525000, PR China
| | - Xueqin Tao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, PR China
| | - Zhenqing Shi
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Yi
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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16
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Hahn J, Opp C, Evgrafova A, Groll M, Zitzer N, Laufenberg G. Impacts of dam draining on the mobility of heavy metals and arsenic in water and basin bottom sediments of three studied dams in Germany. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:1072-1081. [PMID: 30021272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The draining of a dam is a relatively rare event, however, it can have severe consequences for a watercourse connected to that reservoir. In order to understand the effects of the draining on the mobility of pollutants stored in the bottom sediments, the concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic were measured in pore water, river water, and sediments sampled from three emptied reservoirs in Germany. Two of these sites were analyzed immediately after the draining, while the third reservoir was studied one and a half years after the complete discharge of the stored water. Heavy metal and arsenic concentrations within the sediments varied among the studied dams as a result of different geological characteristics and the degree of anthropogenic impacts. Based on the analysis of pore water samples, the concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic were not significantly altered shortly after the draining. However, increased concentrations of As, Fe, Cd, Ni, and Zn were measured in pore water samples after a longer duration of sediment exposure, which altered the redox conditions and sediment properties. The changes in Cu, Cr, Mn, and Pb concentrations in pore water samples were less pronounced. As a result of the pore water drainage increased dissolved heavy metal concentrations were found in the discharge water immediately after draining. At the third site, which had been emptied for one and a half years, only for Mn, a concentration increase was detected in the reservoir discharge water, which emphasizes the strong temporal dynamic of the mobilization of the analyzed elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hahn
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Faculty of Geography, Working Group for Hydro- and Soil Geography, Deutschhausstr. 10, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Opp
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Faculty of Geography, Working Group for Hydro- and Soil Geography, Deutschhausstr. 10, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Alevtina Evgrafova
- University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, Geography Department, Universitätsstr. 1, 56070 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Michael Groll
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Faculty of Geography, Working Group for Hydro- and Soil Geography, Deutschhausstr. 10, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Nina Zitzer
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mass Spectrometry, Marbacher Weg 6-10, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Gabriela Laufenberg
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mass Spectrometry, Marbacher Weg 6-10, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
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17
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Díez-Del-Molino D, García-Berthou E, Araguas RM, Alcaraz C, Vidal O, Sanz N, García-Marín JL. Effects of water pollution and river fragmentation on population genetic structure of invasive mosquitofish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:1372-1382. [PMID: 29801230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed variation at the GPI-2 locus and eleven microsatellite loci of eastern mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki populations introduced to the Ebro River (Spain), sampling above and below a dam (Flix Reservoir) where severe chronic pollution has been well documented. Allele frequency changes at the GPI-2 locus in the sites nearest to the polluted sediments agree with previous results from studies in mercury-exposed populations of this highly invasive fish. Genetic distinction of the mosquitofish collected close to the polluted sediments was detected at the GPI locus but also at the presumptive neutral microsatellite loci. Recent migration rates estimated from microsatellites indicated that around 30% of fish collected in a specific location were immigrants from upstream and downstream sources. Such high migration rates probably contribute to the mosquitofish's invasive success and suggest that the consequences on the mosquitofish regional genetic structured of high levels of water toxicants could be mediated by immigration from other sites, but the effect of pollutants on local diversity might be higher than observed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Díez-Del-Molino
- Laboratori d'Ictiologia Genètica (LIG), University of Girona, Edifici AC-LEAR, Carrer M. Aurèlia Capmany, 40, 17003 Girona, Spain; Dept. of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Rosa-Maria Araguas
- Laboratori d'Ictiologia Genètica (LIG), University of Girona, Edifici AC-LEAR, Carrer M. Aurèlia Capmany, 40, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Carles Alcaraz
- IRTA Marine and Continental Waters, Carretera Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain.
| | - Oriol Vidal
- Laboratori d'Ictiologia Genètica (LIG), University of Girona, Edifici AC-LEAR, Carrer M. Aurèlia Capmany, 40, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Nuria Sanz
- Laboratori d'Ictiologia Genètica (LIG), University of Girona, Edifici AC-LEAR, Carrer M. Aurèlia Capmany, 40, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Jose-Luis García-Marín
- Laboratori d'Ictiologia Genètica (LIG), University of Girona, Edifici AC-LEAR, Carrer M. Aurèlia Capmany, 40, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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18
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Blanco M, Fernandes D, Rizzi J, Huertas D, Caiola N, Fernández P, Porte C. The combined use of chemical and biochemical markers in Rutilus rutilus to assess the effect of dredging in the lower course of the Ebro River. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 155:9-16. [PMID: 29494836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The lower course of the Ebro River is polluted with high concentrations of organochlorine compounds dumped by a chloro-alkali plant during the last century. A remediation plan, including building of a protective wall, removal and disposal of polluted sediments started in 2012. With the aim of assessing the effects of dredging of contaminated sediments and potential alterations of water quality, areas located upstream (RR) and downstream (BE, A) the chemical plant (FL) were monitored prior (October 2012) and during dredging (June 2013) using roach (Rutilus rutilus) as sentinel organisms. Concentrations of organochlorine compounds (OCs) in fish muscle and biliary levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), galaxolide (HHCB) and alkyphenols (APEs) were determined together with selected enzymatic activities (7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), 7-benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethyl-coumarin O-debenzyloxylase (BFCOD) and UDP-glucuronyltransferase (UGT)) in the liver. The obtained results proved the effectiveness of the wall retaining suspended particles and avoiding further contamination of downstream sites as fish sampled at downstream sites showed up to 9-fold higher concentrations of OCs in muscle during wall construction than during dredging. EROD and UGT activities were induced in fish from downstream sites; however, no clear response to the observed pollution gradient was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Blanco
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Denise Fernandes
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juliane Rizzi
- PhD Program in Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - David Huertas
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuno Caiola
- IRTA Aquatic Ecosystems, Ctra. De Poble Nou Km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Pilar Fernández
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinta Porte
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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19
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do Amaral AMB, de Lima Costa Gomes J, Weimer GH, Marins AT, Loro VL, Zanella R. Seasonal implications on toxicity biomarkers of Loricariichthys anus (Valenciennes, 1835) from a subtropical reservoir. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 191:876-885. [PMID: 29107229 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cropping systems based on intensive land use and continuous application of agricultural chemicals inflict a threat to aquatic organisms since these substances will inevitably be carried in to water bodies where they can accumulate, particularly in lentic sites. Pesticides exposure in aquatic animals can cause changes that can be quantified through biomarkers. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of season on oxidative stress and neurotoxicity biomarkers in Loricariichthys anus from a subtropical reservoir surrounded by agricultural areas in southern Brazil. Ten armored catfish were collected from six sites in February and August 2016. Pesticides present in the water, sediment and muscle were identified and quantified. No pesticides were detected either in sediment nor in muscle. During the winter, the water contained atrazine, imidacloprid, simazine, azoxystrobin, and propoxur; however, in summer, only atrazine was present in the water. In the winter, there was an increase in the hepatic GST activity and in GPx that kept lipid peroxidation (TBARS) constant and, in the summer, there was an increase in metallothioneins levels. In the gills, variables related to summer were possibly responsible for the elevation of GST, GPx and TBARS; during the winter, there was greater carbonylation of proteins. In the winter, the increased AChE activity in brain and muscle tissue was related to carbonylation of proteins in brain. Although the amount of pesticides detected in the water was low, chronic exposure in addition to environmental variations can cause direct and indirect effects on L. anus population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Monique Blank do Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP: 97105.900, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP: 97105.900, Brazil
| | - Jeane de Lima Costa Gomes
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP: 97105.900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Weimer
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP: 97105.900, Brazil
| | - Aline Teixeira Marins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP: 97105.900, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP: 97105.900, Brazil
| | - Vania Lucia Loro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP: 97105.900, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP: 97105.900, Brazil.
| | - Renato Zanella
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas (LARP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP: 97105.900, Brazil
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20
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González-Fernández B, Rodríguez-Valdés E, Boente C, Menéndez-Casares E, Fernández-Braña A, Gallego JR. Long-term ongoing impact of arsenic contamination on the environmental compartments of a former mining-metallurgy area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:820-830. [PMID: 28826120 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic and mercury are potentially toxic elements of concern for soil, surficial and ground waters, and sediments. In this work various geochemical and hydrogeological tools were used to study a paradigmatic case of the combined effects of the abandonment of Hg- and As-rich waste on these environmental compartments. Continuous weathering of over 40years has promoted As and Hg soil pollution (thousands of ppm) in the surroundings of a former Hg mining-metallurgy site and affected the water quality of a nearby river and shallow groundwater. In particular, the high availability of As both in soils and waste was identified as one of the main determinants of contaminant distribution, whereas the impact of Hg was found to be minor, which is explained by lower mobility. Furthermore, potential additional sources of pollution (coal mining, high natural backgrounds, etc.) discharging into the study river were revealed less significant than the contaminants generated in the Hg-mining area. The transport and deposition of pollutants within the water cycle has also affected several kilometres downstream of the release areas and the chemistry of stream sediments. Overall, the environmental compartments studies held considerable concentrations of Hg and As, as remarkably revealed by the average contaminant load released in the river (several tons of As per year) and the accumulation of toxic elements in sediments (enrichment factors of As and Hg above 35).
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Affiliation(s)
- B González-Fernández
- Dpto. de Explotación y Prospección de Minas, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Independencia, 13, 33004 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - E Rodríguez-Valdés
- INDUROT and Environmental Technology, Biotechnology and Geochemistry Group, C/Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain
| | - C Boente
- INDUROT and Environmental Technology, Biotechnology and Geochemistry Group, C/Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain
| | - E Menéndez-Casares
- Dpto. de Explotación y Prospección de Minas, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Independencia, 13, 33004 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - A Fernández-Braña
- INDUROT and Environmental Technology, Biotechnology and Geochemistry Group, C/Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain
| | - J R Gallego
- INDUROT and Environmental Technology, Biotechnology and Geochemistry Group, C/Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain.
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21
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Turull M, Grmanova G, Dago À, Ariño C, Díez S, Díaz-Cruz JM, Esteban M. Phytochelatin synthesis in response to Hg uptake in aquatic plants near a chlor-alkali factory. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 176:74-80. [PMID: 28259081 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of mercury (Hg) released from a chlor-alkali factory in aquatic plants along the Ebro River basin (NE Spain) were analysed considering the phytochelatins (PCn) and their isoforms content in these plants. These compounds were analyzed using HPLC with amperometric detection, and the macrophytes species Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriopyllum spicatum were collected in two sampling campaigns, autumn and spring, respectively. To correlate the PCn content in macrophytes with the Hg contamination, analysis of total Hg (THg) content in plants and suspended particulate matter, as well as the dissolved-bioavailable fraction of Hg in water measured by the diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT) technique were done. The results confirm the presence of PC2-Ala in extracts of C. demersum and PC2-desGly in M. spicatum, and the concentration of these thiol compounds depends clearly on the distance between the hot spot and the downstream sites: the higher the levels are, the closer the hot spot is. Since most of the Hg is hypothesized to be associated with SPM and transported downstream, our results of the DGT suggest that trace amounts of Hg in water can be released as free metal ions yielding a certain accumulation in plants (reaching the ppb level) that are enough for activation of induction of PCs. A few PCs species have been determined, at different seasons, indicating that they can be used as good indicators of the presence of bioavailable Hg in aquatic media throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Turull
- Environmental Chemistry Department, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDÆA-CSIC, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriela Grmanova
- Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àngela Dago
- Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Ariño
- Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sergi Díez
- Environmental Chemistry Department, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDÆA-CSIC, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Díaz-Cruz
- Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Esteban
- Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Zhang S, Foerster S, Medeiros P, de Araújo JC, Motagh M, Waske B. Bathymetric survey of water reservoirs in north-eastern Brazil based on TanDEM-X satellite data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 571:575-593. [PMID: 27418521 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity in the dry season is a vital problem in dryland regions such as northeastern Brazil. Water supplies in these areas often come from numerous reservoirs of various sizes. However, inventory data for these reservoirs is often limited due to the expense and time required for their acquisition via field surveys, particularly in remote areas. Remote sensing techniques provide a valuable alternative to conventional reservoir bathymetric surveys for water resource management. In this study single pass TanDEM-X data acquired in bistatic mode were used to generate digital elevation models (DEMs) in the Madalena catchment, northeastern Brazil. Validation with differential global positioning system (DGPS) data from field measurements indicated an absolute elevation accuracy of approximately 1m for the TanDEM-X derived DEMs (TDX DEMs). The DEMs derived from TanDEM-X data acquired at low water levels show significant advantages over bathymetric maps derived from field survey, particularly with regard to coverage, evenly distributed measurements and replication of reservoir shape. Furthermore, by mapping the dry reservoir bottoms with TanDEM-X data, TDX DEMs are free of emergent and submerged macrophytes, independent of water depth (e.g. >10m), water quality and even weather conditions. Thus, the method is superior to other existing bathymetric mapping approaches, particularly for inland water bodies. The proposed approach relies on (nearly) dry reservoir conditions at times of image acquisition and is thus restricted to areas that show considerable water levels variations. However, comparisons between TDX DEM and the bathymetric map derived from field surveys show that the amount of water retained during the dry phase has only marginal impact on the total water volume derivation from TDX DEM. Overall, DEMs generated from bistatic TanDEM-X data acquired in low water periods constitute a useful and efficient data source for deriving reservoir bathymetry and show great potential in large scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Zhang
- Remote Sensing Section, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Geographical Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin (FU Berlin), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Saskia Foerster
- Remote Sensing Section, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Pedro Medeiros
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará (IFCE), Maracanaú, Brazil.
| | - José Carlos de Araújo
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Mahdi Motagh
- Remote Sensing Section, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Bjoern Waske
- Institute of Geographical Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin (FU Berlin), Berlin, Germany.
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23
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Crespo M, Solé M. The use of juvenile Solea solea as sentinel in the marine platform of the Ebre Delta: in vitro interaction of emerging contaminants with the liver detoxification system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:19229-19236. [PMID: 27357707 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Juveniles of Solea solea were sampled during the spring season in three consecutive years at a marine site by the mouth of the Ebre river. The aim was to assess if the extractive works from the toxic load upstream the river could be reflected on the health status of the fish living at the immediate sea. The biomarkers selected for the in vivo field study are commonly used as indicators of chemical exposures. They include activities of energy metabolism: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and citrate synthase (CS); neurotoxicity: cholinesterases (ChE); xenobiotic metabolism: cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent: EROD and BFCOD, carboxylesterase (CbE), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase (UDPGT); and oxidative stress parameters such as catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) as well as levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO). These biomarkers were mostly analysed in liver but also in gills and muscle depending on their particular tissue distribution and role. A complementary in vitro approach was also sought to see the capacity of common emerging contaminants (pharmaceuticals and personal care products; PPCPs) to interact with the liver microsomal detoxification system of the fish (EROD, BFCOD and CbE activities). The results indicated that in fish sampled in 2015 there was an enhancement in detoxification parameters (EROD, BFCOD and gill GR), muscular ChEs and gill CS, but a decrease in CbE activity and a marked oxidative stress situation (increased LPO and decreased CAT activity). Also, 4 out of the 10 PPCPs tested in vitro were able to interact with the CYP3A4 (BFCOD) enzymatic system while the lipid regulators simvastatin and fenofibrate inhibited CbE activity, as it occurs in higher vertebrates. The in vivo results support the use of a multibiomarker approach when assessing the disturbances due to chemical exposures, not only spatially but also over time, once the influence of other variables has been taken into consideration. The in vitro results highlight the importance of the CYP3A4 and CbE pathway in pharmaceutical metabolism, also in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Crespo
- Institut de Ciencies del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Solé
- Institut de Ciencies del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Deng K, Yang S, Lian E, Li C, Yang C, Wei H. Three Gorges Dam alters the Changjiang (Yangtze) river water cycle in the dry seasons: Evidence from H-O isotopes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 562:89-97. [PMID: 27096630 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As the largest hydropower project in the world, the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) has attracted great concerns in terms of its impact on the Changjiang (Yangtze) River and coastal marine environments. In this study, we measured or collected the H-O isotopic data of river water, groundwater and precipitation in the mid-lower Changjiang catchment during the dry seasons of recent years. The aim was to investigate the changes of river water cycle in response to the impoundment of the TGD. Isotopic evidences suggested that the mid-lower Changjiang river water was ultimately derived from precipitation, but dominated by the mixing of different water masses with variable sources and isotopic signals as well. The isotopic parameter "deuterium excess" (d-excess) yielded large fluctuations along the mid-lower mainstream during the initial stage of the TGD impoundment, which was inherited from the upstream water with inhomogeneous isotopic signals. However, as the reservoir water level rising to the present stage, small variability of d-excess was observed along the mid-lower mainstream. This discrepancy could be explained that the TGD impoundment had significantly altered the water cycle downstream the dam, with the rising water level increasing the residence time and enhancing the mixing of reservoir water derived from upstream. This eventually resulted in the homogenization of reservoir water, and thus small fluctuations of d-excess downstream the dam after the quasi-normal stage (2008 to present). We infer that the retention effect of large reservoirs has greatly buffered the d-excess natural variability of water cycle in large river systems. Nevertheless, more research attention has to be paid to the damming effect on the water cycle in the river, estuarine and coastal areas, especially during the dry seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Deng
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shouye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Ergang Lian
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chengfan Yang
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hailun Wei
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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25
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Ciszewski D, Grygar TM. A Review of Flood-Related Storage and Remobilization of Heavy Metal Pollutants in River Systems. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2016; 227:239. [PMID: 27397942 PMCID: PMC4917591 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-016-2934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently observed rapid climate changes have focused the attention of researchers and river managers on the possible effects of increased flooding frequency on the mobilization and redistribution of historical pollutants within some river systems. This text summarizes regularities in the flood-related transport, channel-to-floodplain transfer, and storage and remobilization of heavy metals, which are the most persistent environmental pollutants in river systems. Metal-dispersal processes are essentially much more variable in alluvia than in soils of non-inundated areas due to the effects of flood-sediment sorting and the mixing of pollutants with grains of different origins in a catchment, resulting in changes of one to two orders of magnitude in metal content over distances of centimetres. Furthermore, metal remobilization can be more intensive in alluvia than in soils as a result of bank erosion, prolonged floodplain inundation associated with reducing conditions alternating with oxygen-driven processes of dry periods and frequent water-table fluctuations, which affect the distribution of metals at low-lying strata. Moreover, metal storage and remobilization are controlled by river channelization, but their influence depends on the period and extent of the engineering works. Generally, artificial structures such as groynes, dams or cut-off channels performed before pollution periods favour the entrapment of polluted sediments, whereas the floodplains of lined river channels that adjust to new, post-channelization hydraulic conditions become a permanent sink for fine polluted sediments, which accumulate solely during overbank flows. Metal mobilization in such floodplains takes place only by slow leaching, and their sediments, which accrete at a moderate rate, are the best archives of the catchment pollution with heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomáš Matys Grygar
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, AS CR, v.v.i., Řež, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
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26
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Huertas D, Grimalt JO, Benito J, Benejam L, García-Berthou E. Organochlorine compounds in European catfish (Silurus glanis) living in river areas under the influence of a chlor-alkali plant (Ebro River basin). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 540:221-230. [PMID: 26173852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
European catfish, Silurus glanis, were used as sentinel organisms of the influence of recent and past discharges of organochlorine compounds (OCs) from a chlor-alkali plant located in the Ebro River. The fish concentrations of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and DDTs were very high along the last 100 km of the river, including the irrigation channels, e.g. 1.2-27 ng/g wet weight of HCB, 6.3-100 ng/g ww of PCBs and 1-270 ng/g ww of total DDT compounds. These concentrations were much higher than those found upstream from the chlor-alkali discharge site, 0.2 ng/g ww for HCB, 5.6 ng/g ww for PCBs and 7.5 ng/g for DDT compounds. These concentrations were also standing out among those previously described in this fish species. The European catfish collected in sites under lower water flows, Ribarroja reservoir and irrigation channels, showed higher muscle lipid content, 1.09-7.2%, than those from sites of higher current intensities, river bed, 0.27%-0.67%. In these lower water current areas catfish exhibited OC ww concentrations that were correlated to % lipids. These differences suggest that normalization to lipid content is necessary for comparison of the OC accumulation in specimens from riverine systems living under different flow intensities. Accordingly, OC concentrations referred to lipid content showed more uniform downriver distribution which was consistent with a single focal point as main source of these compounds for the European catfish collected in the last 100 km of river stretch. This geographic distribution was also consistent with the uniform composition of PCB congeners in the studied European catfish. The distribution of DDT compounds was predominated by 4,4'-DDE which is common in most currently examined fish from aquatic environments. However, it included a high proportion of 4,4'-DDD and 2,4'-DDD which was consistent with the high contribution of benthic organisms from anoxic environments in the diet of these fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Huertas
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Benito
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lluís Benejam
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Emili García-Berthou
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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27
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Calvo-Cubero J, Ibáñez C, Rovira A, Sharpe PJ, Reyes E. Changes in water and soil metals in a Mediterranean restored marsh subject to different water management schemes. Restor Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Calvo-Cubero
- SERTIIC Engineering & Environment; Avenida Isidora Macabich 25 Of. 4 07800 Ibiza Spain
| | - Carles Ibáñez
- Aquatic Ecosystems Program; IRTA; Sant Carles de la Ràpita Catalonia Spain
| | - Albert Rovira
- Aquatic Ecosystems Program; IRTA; Sant Carles de la Ràpita Catalonia Spain
| | - Peter J. Sharpe
- US National Park Service; 200 Chestnut Street Philadelphia PA 19106 U.S.A
| | - Enrique Reyes
- Department of Biology; East Carolina University; Greenville NC U.S.A
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