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Ramya A, Dhevagi P, Poornima R, Avudainayagam S, Watanabe M, Agathokleous E. Effect of ozone stress on crop productivity: A threat to food security. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116816. [PMID: 37543123 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3), the most important phytotoxic air pollutant, can deteriorate crop quality and productivity. Notably, satellite and ground-level observations-based multimodel simulations demonstrate that the present and future predicted O3 exposures could threaten food security. Hence, the present study aims at reviewing the phytotoxicity caused by O3 pollution, which threatens the food security. The present review encompasses three major aspects; wherein the past and prevailing O3 concentrations in various regions were compiled at first, followed by discussing the physiological, biochemical and yield responses of economically important crop species, and considering the potential of O3 protectants to alleviate O3-induced phytotoxicity. Finally, the empirical data reported in the literature were quantitatively analysed to show that O3 causes detrimental effect on physiological traits, photosynthetic pigments, growth and yield attributes. The review on prevailing O3 concentrations over various regions, where economically important crop are grown, and their negative impact would support policy makers to implement air pollution regulations and the scientific community to develop countermeasures against O3 phytotoxicity for maintaining food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambikapathi Ramya
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
| | - Periyasamy Dhevagi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India.
| | - Ramesh Poornima
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
| | - S Avudainayagam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
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Simultaneous measurements of radon, thoron and their progeny for inhalation dose assessment in indoors of Srinagar, J&K, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Venkataraman C, Brauer M, Tibrewal K, Sadavarte P, Ma Q, Cohen A, Chaliyakunnel S, Frostad J, Klimont Z, Martin RV, Millet DB, Philip S, Walker K, Wang S. Source influence on emission pathways and ambient PM 2.5 pollution over India (2015-2050). ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2018; 18:8017-8039. [PMID: 33679902 PMCID: PMC7935015 DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-8017-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
India is currently experiencing degraded air quality, and future economic development will lead to challenges for air quality management. Scenarios of sectoral emissions of fine particulate matter and its precursors were developed and evaluated for 2015-2050, under specific pathways of diffusion of cleaner and more energy-efficient technologies. The impacts of individual source sectors on PM2.5 concentrations were assessed through systematic simulations of spatially and temporally resolved particulate matter concentrations, using the GEOS-Chem model, followed by population-weighted aggregation to national and state levels. We find that PM2.5 pollution is a pan-India problem, with a regional character, and is not limited to urban areas or megacities. Under present-day emissions, levels in most states exceeded the national PM2.5 annual standard (40 μg m-3). Sources related to human activities were responsible for the largest proportion of the present-day population exposure to PM2.5 in India. About 60 % of India's mean population-weighted PM2.5 concentrations come from anthropogenic source sectors, while the remainder are from "other" sources, windblown dust and extra-regional sources. Leading contributors are residential biomass combustion, power plant and industrial coal combustion and anthropogenic dust (including coal fly ash, fugitive road dust and waste burning). Transportation, brick production and distributed diesel were other contributors to PM2.5. Future evolution of emissions under regulations set at current levels and promulgated levels caused further deterioration of air quality in 2030 and 2050. Under an ambitious prospective policy scenario, promoting very large shifts away from traditional biomass technologies and coal-based electricity generation, significant reductions in PM2.5 levels are achievable in 2030 and 2050. Effective mitigation of future air pollution in India requires adoption of aggressive prospective regulation, currently not formulated, for a three-pronged switch away from (i) biomass-fuelled traditional technologies, (ii) industrial coal-burning and (iii) open burning of agricultural residue. Future air pollution is dominated by industrial process emissions, reflecting larger expansion in industrial, rather than residential energy demand. However, even under the most active reductions envisioned, the 2050 mean exposure, excluding any impact from windblown mineral dust, is estimated to be nearly 3 times higher than the WHO Air Quality Guideline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Venkataraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
- Interdisciplinary program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Michael Brauer
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Kushal Tibrewal
- Interdisciplinary program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Pankaj Sadavarte
- Interdisciplinary program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
- Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), Berliner Str. 130, 14467 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Qiao Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Aaron Cohen
- Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA 02110, USA
| | - Sreelekha Chaliyakunnel
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis–Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Joseph Frostad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Zbigniew Klimont
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Randall V. Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Dylan B. Millet
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis–Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Sajeev Philip
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
| | | | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
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Hakim ZQ, Beig G, Reka S, Romshoo SA, Rashid I. Winter Burst of Pristine Kashmir Valley Air. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3329. [PMID: 29463796 PMCID: PMC5820365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20601-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kashmir Valley in India is one of the world's major tourist attractions and perceived as a pristine environment. Long term monitoring of fine particulate matter, PM2.5 (particles having aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less), responsible for deteriorating human health, has been done for the period 2013-14. Results indicate that air quality of the capital city Srinagar (34.1°N, 74.8°E) deteriorates significantly in particular during winter, where level of PM2.5 touches a peak value of 348 μg/m³ against the Indian permissible limit of 60 μg/m³. The emissions due to domestic coal usage are found to be 1246.4 tons/yr, which accounts for 84% of the total annual emissions. The on-line high-resolution weather research and forecasting model with embedded chemistry module (WRF-Chem), which accounts for emission inventory developed in this region reproduced the seasonal variability reasonably well. Cold temperatures with dry conditions along with elevated level of biofuel emissions from domestic sector are found to be the major processes responsible for winter period particulate pollution. The back trajectories show that westerly winds originating from Afghanistan and surrounding areas also contribute to the high PM2.5 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Q Hakim
- Indian institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India.,Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gufran Beig
- Indian institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India.
| | - Srinivas Reka
- Indian institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India
| | - Shakil A Romshoo
- Department of Earth Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Irfan Rashid
- Department of Earth Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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Ashrafuzzaman M, Lubna FA, Holtkamp F, Manning WJ, Kraska T, Frei M. Diagnosing ozone stress and differential tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) with ethylenediurea (EDU). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:339-350. [PMID: 28668595 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Rising tropospheric ozone concentrations in Asia necessitate the breeding of adapted rice varieties to ensure food security. However, breeding requires field-based evaluation of ample plant material, which can be technically challenging or very costly when using ozone fumigation facilities. The chemical ethylenediurea (EDU) has been proposed for estimating the effects of ozone in large-scale field applications, but controlled experiments investigating constitutive effects on rice or its suitability to detect genotypic differences in ozone tolerance are missing. This study comprised a controlled open top chamber experiment with four treatments (i) control (average ozone concentration 16 ppb), (ii) control with EDU application, (iii) ozone stress (average 77 ppb for 7 h daily throughout the season), and (iv) ozone stress with EDU application. Three contrasting rice genotypes were tested, i.e. the tolerant line L81 and the sensitive Nipponbare and BR28. The ozone treatment had significant negative effects on plant growth (height and tillering), stomatal conductance, SPAD value, spectral reflectance indices such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), lipid peroxidation, as well as biomass and grain yields. These negative effects were more pronounced in the a priori sensitive varieties, especially the widely grown Bangladeshi variety BR28, which showed grain yield reductions by 37 percent. EDU application had almost no effects on plants in the absence of ozone, but partly mitigated ozone effects on foliar symptoms, lipid peroxidation, SPAD value, stomatal conductance, several spectral reflectance parameters, panicle number, grain yield, and spikelet sterility. EDU responses were more pronounced in sensitive genotypes than in the tolerant L81. In conclusion, EDU had no constitutive effects on rice and partly offset negative ozone effects, especially in sensitive varieties. It can thus be used to diagnose ozone damage in field grown rice and for distinguishing tolerant (less EDU-responsive) and sensitive (more EDU-responsive) genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashrafuzzaman
- Institute of Crop Sciences and Resource Conservation (INRES) Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Afrose Lubna
- Institute of Crop Sciences and Resource Conservation (INRES) Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Felix Holtkamp
- Institute of Crop Sciences and Resource Conservation (INRES) Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Thorsten Kraska
- Field Lab Campus Klein-Altendorf, University of Bonn, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Michael Frei
- Institute of Crop Sciences and Resource Conservation (INRES) Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Osborne SA, Mills G, Hayes F, Ainsworth EA, Büker P, Emberson L. Has the sensitivity of soybean cultivars to ozone pollution increased with time? An analysis of published dose-response data. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:3097-111. [PMID: 27082950 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The rising trend in concentrations of ground-level ozone (O3 ) - a common air pollutant and phytotoxin - currently being experienced in some world regions represents a threat to agricultural yield. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an O3 -sensitive crop species and is experiencing increasing global demand as a dietary protein source and constituent of livestock feed. In this study, we collate O3 exposure-yield data for 49 soybean cultivars, from 28 experimental studies published between 1982 and 2014, to produce an updated dose-response function for soybean. Different cultivars were seen to vary considerably in their sensitivity to O3 , with estimated yield loss due to O3 ranging from 13.3% for the least sensitive cultivar to 37.9% for the most sensitive, at a 7-h mean O3 concentration (M7) of 55 ppb - a level frequently observed in regions of the USA, India and China in recent years. The year of cultivar release, country of data collection and type of O3 exposure used were all important explanatory variables in a multivariate regression model describing soybean yield response to O3 . The data show that the O3 sensitivity of soybean cultivars increased by an average of 32.5% between 1960 and 2000, suggesting that selective breeding strategies targeting high yield and high stomatal conductance may have inadvertently selected for greater O3 sensitivity over time. Higher sensitivity was observed in data from India and China compared to the USA, although it is difficult to determine whether this effect is the result of differential cultivar physiology, or related to local environmental factors such as co-occurring pollutants. Gaining further understanding of the underlying mechanisms that govern the sensitivity of soybean cultivars to O3 will be important in shaping future strategies for breeding O3 -tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Osborne
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
- Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5NG, UK
| | - Gina Mills
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Felicity Hayes
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
| | | | - Patrick Büker
- Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5NG, UK
| | - Lisa Emberson
- Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5NG, UK
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