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Molinari S, Magro M, Carbone C, Baratella D, Ugolotti J, Ianni MC, Badocco D, Canepa M, Zboril R, Vianello F, Salviulo G. Environmental implications of one-century COPRs evolution in a single industrial site: From leaching impact to sustainable remediation of Cr VI polluted groundwater. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131211. [PMID: 34153913 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Stoppani factory manufactured chromium for more than one century, dumping millions of tons of Chromite Ore Processing Residues (COPRs) over decades. The massive presence of COPRs resulted in an intense CrVI leaching and consequent contamination of percolating groundwater. The site offers a unique opportunity to follow COPRs evolution from the primary roasting process to the aged Cr-bearing mineral phases. Herein, new insights on COPRs mineralogy evolution and their role in CrVI release are provided by a dry sample preparation protocol, coupled with in-depth multi-technique characterization. Besides typical COPRs mineral assemblages, highly soluble Na2CrO4 and the first evidence of crocoite (PbCrO4) in a COPR contaminated site are revealed. Selective extraction experiments confirmed a strong reactivity for Cr-bearing minerals as confirmed by concentrations as high as 375 mg L-1 of leached CrVI. The mineralogical approach was combined with a nanotechnological solution for CrVI wastewater remediation. The application of naked colloidal maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles (SAMNs) on the complex industrial wastewater, led to > 90% CrVI removal, either under acidic or in-situ conditions. The present case study of a highly polluted site, ranging from mineral characterization to wastewater remediation, highlights the use of multidisciplinary approaches to cope with complex environmental issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Molinari
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padua, via Gradenigo 6, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Magro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy.
| | - Cristina Carbone
- Department for the Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DiSTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, Genoa, 16132, Italy.
| | - Davide Baratella
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy.
| | - Juri Ugolotti
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Maria Carmela Ianni
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI), University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genoa, 16132, Italy.
| | - Denis Badocco
- Department of Chemical Sciences. University of Padua, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, Padova, 35131, Italy.
| | - Marco Canepa
- Ecology Sector, Liguria Region, Via D'Annunzio 111 Genova (GE), 16121, Italy.
| | - Radek Zboril
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Fabio Vianello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Salviulo
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padua, via Gradenigo 6, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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Thompson MO, Kearns JP. Modeling and experimental approaches for determining fluoride diffusion kinetics in bone char sorbent and prediction of packed-bed groundwater defluoridator performance. WATER RESEARCH X 2021; 12:100108. [PMID: 34381986 PMCID: PMC8334723 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2021.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride (F) in groundwater (GW) in excess of 1.5 mg/L is a globally distributed problem impacting the health of hundreds of millions of people, many of whom cannot access centralized treatment infrastructure. Animal (e.g., cow) bone char has received emerging interest as a low-cost F sorbent for use in decentralized household and community water treatment. Pilot column tests using full-sized granular bone char particles can be used to assess treatment performance of fixed-bed contactors, but are costly, time consuming, and require large amounts of test water. Rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs) can be used to simulate F uptake in bone char contactors if the relationship between F intraparticle diffusion kinetics and bone char particle size is known. Two common approaches to the RSSCT assume either constant (CD) or linear proportional (PD) sorbate diffusivity as a function of sorbent particle size. This study used experimentally determined pseudo-equilibrium and kinetic F sorption data in model groundwater as inputs to the homogeneous surface diffusion model (HSDM) to determine F intraparticle diffusion coefficients for different-sized bone char particles, and to fit RSSCT and pilot column breakthrough data to evaluate CD and PD approaches. Results of this study, corroborated by incorporation of additional literature data, indicate approximately linearly proportional diffusivity of F as a function of bone char particle size. Congruently, the PD-RSSCT approach provided a superior simulation of pilot column F breakthrough compared to the CD-RSSCT. PD-RSSCT breakthrough data closely matched pilot breakthrough on a scaled service time basis up to around 500 bed volumes, corresponding to a relative F breakthrough of about 40%, and provided a slightly conservative indicator of F removal thereafter. The PD-RSSCT was compared with a hybrid modeling and empirical workflow using the HSDM with experimentally determined pseudo-equilibrium and kinetic parameter inputs as time-and-cost-saving approaches to evaluating full-sized groundwater treatment system performance. This comparison and a sensitivity analysis of HSDM input parameters used in the hybrid workflow indicated that greater precision can be obtained using the PD-RSSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret O. Thompson
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Luo J, Yu D, Hristovski KD, Fu K, Shen Y, Westerhoff P, Crittenden JC. Critical Review of Advances in Engineering Nanomaterial Adsorbents for Metal Removal and Recovery from Water: Mechanism Identification and Engineering Design. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4287-4304. [PMID: 33709709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterial adsorbents (NAs) have shown promise to efficiently remove toxic metals from water, yet their practical use remains challenging. Limited understanding of adsorption mechanisms and scaling up evaluation are the two main obstacles. To fully realize the practical use of NAs for metal removal, we review the advanced tools and chemical principles to identify mechanisms, highlight the importance of adsorption capacity and kinetics on engineering design, and propose a systematic engineering scenario for full-scale NA implementation. Specifically, we provide in-depth insight for using density functional theory (DFT) and/or X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) to elucidate adsorption mechanisms in terms of active site verification and molecular interaction configuration. Furthermore, we discuss engineering issues for designing, scaling, and operating NA systems, including adsorption modeling, reactor selection, and NA regeneration, recovery, and disposal. This review also prioritizes research needs for (i) determining NA microstructure properties using DFT, XAFS, and machine learning and (ii) recovering NAs from treated water. Our critical review is expected to guide and advance the development of highly efficient NAs for engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Deyou Yu
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kiril D Hristovski
- The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85212, United States
| | - Kaixing Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yanwen Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
| | - John C Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Dixit F, Barbeau B, Mohseni M. Removal of Microcystin-LR from spiked natural and synthetic waters by anion exchange. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:571-580. [PMID: 30476837 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are becoming a serious challenge across the globe due to changing climate and rainfall patterns as a consequence of human activities. In the present study, the fundamental interactions involved during the removal of Microcystin-LR (MCLR), one of the most commonly occurring cyanobacterial toxins, were investigated by employing strongly basic anion exchange (IX) resins. Several factors including the stoichiometric coefficients, competitive fractions and solute affinities were determined under various concentrations of inorganic ions and natural organic matter. The results indicated that suphates were the most competitive fractions with high affinity (α (affinity coefficient) values ~ 9) followed by nitrates (α ~ 4.7) and NOM fractions (α ~ 4.5, p < 0.05). The Equivalent Background Concentration Mode (EBC), that arises from the Ideal Adsorption Solution Theory (IAST), indicated a competitive fraction of ~2 μeq/L NOM, which approximates to <10% of the initial NOM concentrations, indicating a small fraction of the NOM resulting in the competitive effect. Further, studies with natural surface waters indicated that the MCLR uptake could be modeled using the IAST-EBC model and the IX resin could simultaneously removal of >90% of NOM, inorganic ions and MCLR at resin dosages of 3.6 meq/L or higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhar Dixit
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Benoit Barbeau
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Madjid Mohseni
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Ortiz-Martínez K, Vargas-Valentín DA, Hernández-Maldonado AJ. Adsorption of Contaminants of Emerging Concern from Aqueous Solutions using Cu2+ Amino Grafted SBA-15 Mesoporous Silica: Multicomponent and Metabolites Adsorption. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krisiam Ortiz-Martínez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico—Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00681-9000, United States
| | - Doris A. Vargas-Valentín
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico—Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00681-9000, United States
| | - Arturo J. Hernández-Maldonado
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico—Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00681-9000, United States
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Jilal I, El Barkany S, Bahari Z, Sundman O, El Idrissi A, Abou-Salama M, Romane A, Zannagui C, Amhamdi H. New quaternized cellulose based on hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) grafted EDTA: Synthesis, characterization and application for Pb (II) and Cu (II) removal. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 180:156-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Markovski J, Garcia J, Hristovski KD, Westerhoff P. Nano-enabling of strong-base ion-exchange media via a room-temperature aluminum (hydr)oxide synthesis method to simultaneously remove nitrate and fluoride. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:1848-1855. [PMID: 28545211 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated a new room-temperature method for synthesizing aluminum (hydr)oxide material inside the pores of strong-base ion-exchange resin to fabricate a novel class of hybrid media capable of simultaneously removing nitrate and fluoride as model groundwater contaminants. The aluminum (hydr)oxide hybrid media was fabricated by reducing aluminum ion precursors with borohydride within ion-exchange resin at room temperature, followed by exposure to environmental oxygen. The hybrid media was characterized, and its performance to simultaneously remove nitrate and fluoride was determined in simple and complex water matrices using short-bed column tests operated under conditions realistic for point-of-use systems. Results revealed that, although not optimized, aluminum (hydr)oxide hybrid media was able to simultaneously remove nitrate and fluoride, which was not possible with neither unmodified strong-base ion-exchange resin nor conventional granular activated alumina alone. Future modifications and optimizations of this relatively simple and inexpensive fabrication process have the potential to yield an entire class of hybrid media suitable for point-of-use/point-of-entry water treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Markovski
- Arizona State University, The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, 7171 E. Sonoran Arroyo Mall, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States
| | - Jose Garcia
- Arizona State University, The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, 7171 E. Sonoran Arroyo Mall, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States
| | - Kiril D Hristovski
- Arizona State University, The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, 7171 E. Sonoran Arroyo Mall, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States.
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- Arizona State University, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, 660 South College Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States
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Hristovski KD, Markovski J. Engineering metal (hydr)oxide sorbents for removal of arsenate and similar weak-acid oxyanion contaminants: A critical review with emphasis on factors governing sorption processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 598:258-271. [PMID: 28445823 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To create an integrative foundation for engineering of the next generation inexpensive sorbent systems, this critical review addresses the existing knowledge gap in factor/performance relationships between weak-acid oxyanion contaminants and metal (hydr)oxide sorbents. In-depth understanding of fundamental thermodynamics and kinetics mechanisms, material fabrication, and analytical and characterization techniques, is necessary to engineer sorbent that exhibit high capacity, selectivity, stability, durability and mass transport of contaminants under a wide range of operating and water matrix conditions requirements. From the perspective of thermodynamics and kinetics, this critical review examines the factors affecting sorbent performances and analyzes the existing research to elucidate future directions aimed at developing novel sorbents for removal of weak-acid oxyanion contaminants from water. Only sorbents that allow construction of simple and inexpensive water treatment systems adapted to overcome fiscal and technological barriers burdening small communities could pave the road for providing inexpensive potable water to millions of people. Novel sorbents, which exhibit (1) poor performances in realistic operating and water matrix conditions and/or (2) do not comply with the purely driven economics factors of production scalability or cost expectations, are predestined to never be commercialized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiril D Hristovski
- The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, 7171 E. Sonoran Arroyo Mall, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States.
| | - Jasmina Markovski
- The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, 7171 E. Sonoran Arroyo Mall, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States
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Garcia J, Markovski J, McKay Gifford J, Apul O, Hristovski KD. The effect of metal (hydr)oxide nano-enabling on intraparticle mass transport of organic contaminants in hybrid granular activated carbon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 586:1219-1227. [PMID: 28238377 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The overarching goal of this study was to ascertain the changes in intraparticle mass transport rates for organic contaminants resulting from nano-enabled hybridization of commercially available granular activated carbon (GAC). Three different nano-enabled hybrid media were fabricated by in-situ synthesizing titanium dioxide nanoparticles inside the pores of GAC sorbent, characterized, and evaluated for removal of two model organic contaminants under realistic conditions to obtain the intraparticle mass transport (pore and surface diffusion) coefficients. The results validated the two hypotheses that: (H1) the pore diffusion rates of organic contaminants linearly decrease with decrease in cumulative pore volume caused by increase in metal (hydr)oxide nanoparticle content inside the pores of the hybrid GAC sorbent; and (H2) introduction of metal (hydr)oxide nanoparticles initially increases surface diffusivity, but additional loading causes its decrease as the increase in metal (hydr)oxide nanoparticles content continues to reduce the porosity of the GAC sorbent. Nano-enabled hybridization of commercially available GAC with metal (hydr)oxides has the potential to significantly increase the intraparticle mass transport limitations for organic contaminants. Introduction of metal (hydr)oxide nanoparticles inside the pores of a pristine sorbent causes the pore diffusion rates of organic contaminants to decrease as the cumulative pore volume is reduced. In contrast, the introduction of limited amounts of metal (hydr)oxide nanoparticles appears to facilitate the surface diffusion rates of these contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Garcia
- The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States
| | - Jasmina Markovski
- The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States
| | - J McKay Gifford
- School of Sustainable Engineering and The Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States
| | - Onur Apul
- School of Sustainable Engineering and The Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States
| | - Kiril D Hristovski
- The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States.
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