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Shoman N, Solomonova E, Akimov A, Rylkova O, Mansurova I. Activation of stress reactions in the dinophyte microalga Prorocentrum cordatum as a consequence of the toxic effect of ZnO nanoparticles and zinc sulfate. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 272:106964. [PMID: 38781690 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
According to the results of the experimental study, the main regularities of changes in morphological, structural-functional and fluorescent indices of P. cordatum were established when zinc oxide nanoparticles ZnO NPs (0.3-6.4 mg L-1) and Zn in form of salt (0.09-0.4 mg L-1) were added to the medium. The studied pollutants have cytotoxic (growth inhibition, development of oxidative stress, destruction of cytoplasmic organelles, disorganization of mitochondria) and genotoxic (changes in the morphology of nuclei, chromatin condensation) effects on microalgae, affecting almost all aspects of cell functioning. Despite the similar mechanism of action of zinc sulfate and ZnO NPs on P. cordatum cells, the negative effect of ZnO NPs is also due to the inhibition of photosynthetic activity of cells (significant decrease in the maximum quantum yield of photosynthesis and electron transport rate), reduction of chlorophyll concentration from 3.5 to 1.8 pg cell-1, as well as mechanical effect on cells: deformation and damage of cell membranes, aggregation of NPs on the cell surface. Apoptosis-like signs of cell death upon exposure to zinc sulfate and ZnO NPs were identified by flow cytometry and laser scanning confocal microscopy methods: changes in cell morphology, cytoplasm retraction, development of oxidative stress, deformation of nuclei, and disorganization of mitochondria. It was shown that the first signs of cell apoptosis appear at 0.02 mg L-1 Zn and 0.6 mg L-1 ZnO NPs after 72 h of exposure. At higher concentrations of pollutants, a dose-dependent decrease in algal enzymatic activity (up to 5 times relative to control) and mitochondrial membrane potential (up to 4 times relative to control), and an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (up to 4-5 times relative to control) were observed. The results of the presented study contribute to the disclosure of fundamental mechanisms of toxic effects of pollutants and prediction of ways of phototrophic microorganisms reaction to this impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Shoman
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, 2, Nakhimov Ave., Sevastopol, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina Solomonova
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, 2, Nakhimov Ave., Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Arkady Akimov
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, 2, Nakhimov Ave., Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Olga Rylkova
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, 2, Nakhimov Ave., Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Irina Mansurova
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, 2, Nakhimov Ave., Sevastopol, Russia
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Mohammed V, Arockiaraj J. Unveiling the trifecta of cyanobacterial quorum sensing: LuxI, LuxR and LuxS as the intricate machinery for harmful algal bloom formation in freshwater ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171644. [PMID: 38471587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are causing significant disruptions in freshwater ecosystems, primarily due to the proliferation of cyanobacteria. These blooms have a widespread impact on various lakes globally, leading to profound environmental and health consequences. Cyanobacteria, with their ability to produce diverse toxins, pose a particular concern as they negatively affect the well-being of humans and animals, exacerbating the situation. Notably, cyanobacteria utilize quorum sensing (QS) as a complex communication mechanism that facilitates coordinated growth and toxin production. QS plays a critical role in regulating the dynamics of HABs. However, recent advances in control and mitigation strategies have shown promising results in effectively managing and reducing the occurrence of HABs. This comprehensive review explores the intricate aspects of cyanobacteria development in freshwater ecosystems, explicitly focusing on deciphering the signaling molecules associated with QS and their corresponding genes. Furthermore, a concise overview of diverse measures implemented to efficiently control and mitigate the spread of these bacteria will be provided, shedding light on the ongoing global efforts to address this urgent environmental issue. By deepening our understanding of the mechanisms driving cyanobacteria growth and developing targeted control strategies, we hope to safeguard freshwater ecosystems and protect the health of humans and animals from the detrimental impacts of HABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajagathali Mohammed
- Department of Forensic Science, Yenepoya Institute of Arts, Science, Commerce, and Management, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575013, Karnataka, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Li D, Liu Q, Zhao Y, Lv M, Tang X, Zhao Y. ROS meditated paralytic shellfish toxins production changes of Alexandrium tamarense caused by microplastic particles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122702. [PMID: 37821042 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
A variety of studies have investigated the toxic effects of microplastics (MPs) on microalgae, but few of them considered their influence on dinoflagellate toxins production, which could cause significant ecological safety concerns in coastal areas. This research investigated the impacts of 5 μg L-1 and 5 mg L-1 polystyrene (PS) MPs on the changes of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) production and their relationship with cellular oxidative stress of Alexandrium tamarense, a common harmful algal blooms causative dinoflagellate. The results showed elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, activation of antioxidant system and overproduction of PSTs were positively correlated under PS MPs exposure (especially under 5 mg L-1 PS MPs), and the PSTs changes were eliminated by the ROS inhibitor. Further transcriptomic analysis revealed that ROS could enhance biosynthesis of glutamate, providing raw materials for PSTs precursor arginine, accompanied with enhanced acetyl-CoA and ATP production, finally leading to the overproduction of PSTs. Moreover, the oxidative intracellular environments might block the reduction process from STX to C1&C2, leading to the increase of STX and decrease of C1&C2 proportions. This work brings the first evidence that ROS could mediate PSTs production and compositions of Alexandrium under MPs exposure, with important scientific and ecological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danrui Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266104, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecological Restoration and Security, Qingdao, 266104, China
| | - Yirong Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Mengchen Lv
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Chen X, Huang K, Gan P, Luo L, Yu K, Zhang Y, Pang Y, Xue P. Inactivation of Heterosigma akashiwo under UV/peroxydisulfate advanced disinfection system in marine waters. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140055. [PMID: 37704084 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Heterosigma akashiwo (H. akashiwo) is recognized as a harmful algal bloom (HABs) species with a global distribution, capable of posing significant threats to marine ecosystems, particularly when spread through ship ballast water. This investigation focused on elucidating the inactivation kinetics and underlying mechanism of H. akashiwo through a combined ultraviolet irradiation and peroxydisulfate (UV/PDS) process. The results demonstrated a strong synergistic effect within the UV/PDS system, resulting in an inactivation of 0.78-ln and 2.67-ln within 40 min of UV and UV/PDS processes. The principal agents accountable for inactivation were identified as sulfate radicals (•SO4-) and hydroxyl radical (•OH), which exhibited a synergistic effect in the UV/PDS process. Furthermore, the study observed a negatively impact of seawater pH and salinity on the efficiency of inactivation. UV/PDS caused oxidative stress on algal cells, initially involving the participation of antioxidant enzymes in counteracting cellular damage, but this protective mechanism diminished as the reaction duration extended. The UV/PDS treatment not only inflicted damage upon H. akashiwo's photosynthetic system but also caused the extracellular release of DNA and algal organic matter (AOM) due to damaged cell membranes. Transcriptome analysis provided a molecular biology perspective on the cellular inactivation process. Upregulation of genes linked to photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation suggested a potential elevation in energy metabolism. In contrast, genes associated with cellular and metabolic processes, including glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), exhibited downregulation. Moreover, this treatment exerted an inhibitory influence on RNA polymerase and protein synthesis, resulting in the reduced expression of genetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kunling Huang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Pin Gan
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lan Luo
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kefu Yu
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China Globally Distributed
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China Globally Distributed.
| | - Yunfeng Pang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Pengfei Xue
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Song J, Xu Z, Li H, Chen Y, Guo J. Visible-Light-Activated Carbon Dot Photocatalyst for ROS-Mediated Inhibition of Algae Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13509. [PMID: 37686316 PMCID: PMC10487890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing occurrence of detrimental algal blooms resulting from industrial and agricultural activities emphasizes the urgency of implementing efficient removal strategies. In this study, we have successfully synthesized stable and biocompatible carbon dots (R-CDs) capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon exposure to natural light irradiation. Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel (PGS) was selected as a representative model for conducting anti-algal experiments. Remarkably, in the presence of R-CDs, the complete eradication of harmful algae within a simulated light exposure period of 27 h was achieved. Furthermore, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) was first employed to study the physiological processes involved in the oxidative stress induced by PGS when subjected to ROS attack. The findings of this study demonstrate the potential of R-CDs as a highly promising anti-algal agent. This elucidation of the mechanism contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the efficacy and effectiveness of such agents in combating algal growth, further inspiring the development of other anti-algal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.S.); (Z.X.); (J.G.)
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.S.); (Z.X.); (J.G.)
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Song J, Xu Z, Chen Y, Guo J. Nanoparticles, an Emerging Control Method for Harmful Algal Blooms: Current Technologies, Challenges, and Perspectives. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2384. [PMID: 37630969 PMCID: PMC10457966 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a global concern because they harm aquatic ecosystems and pose a risk to human health. Various physical, chemical, and biological approaches have been explored to control HABs. However, these methods have limitations in terms of cost, environmental impact, and effectiveness, particularly for large water bodies. Recently, the use of nanoparticles has emerged as a promising strategy for controlling HABs. Briefly, nanoparticles can act as anti-algae agents via several mechanisms, including photocatalysis, flocculation, oxidation, adsorption, and nutrient recovery. Compared with traditional methods, nanoparticle-based approaches offer advantages in terms of environmental friendliness, effectiveness, and specificity. However, the challenges and risks associated with nanoparticles, such as their toxicity and ecological impact, must be considered. In this review, we summarize recent research progress concerning the use of nanoparticles to control HABs, compare the advantages and disadvantages of different types of nanoparticles, discuss the factors influencing their effectiveness and environmental impact, and suggest future directions for research and development in this field. Additionally, we explore the causes of algal blooms, their harmful effects, and various treatment methods, including restricting eutrophication, biological control, and disrupting living conditions. The potential of photocatalysis for generating reactive oxygen species and nutrient control methods using nanomaterials are also discussed in detail. Moreover, the application of flocculants/coagulants for algal removal is highlighted, along with the challenges and potential solutions associated with their use. This comprehensive overview aims to contribute to the development of efficient and sustainable strategies for controlling HAB control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.S.); (Z.X.)
| | - Jiaqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.S.); (Z.X.)
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7
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Zheng L, Lin H, Balaji-Prasath B, Su Y, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Yu G. A novel algicidal properties of fermentation products from Pseudomonas sp. Ps3 strain on the toxic red tide dinoflagellate species. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1146325. [PMID: 37138597 PMCID: PMC10150927 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1146325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The viability of both China's offshore fishing operations and the global marine fishing industry is threatened by the occurrence of red tides caused by Gymnodinium catenatum and Karenia mikimotoi. Effective control of these dinoflagellate-mediated red tides has become a pressing issue that requires immediate attention. In this study, High-efficiency marine alginolytic bacteria were isolated and underwent molecular biological identification to confirm their algicidal properties. Based on a combination of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and sequencing results, Strain Ps3 was identified as belonging to the species Pseudomonas sp. We examine the effects of algicidal bacteria on the red tide species G. catenatum and K. mikimotoi within an indoor experimental setting. Then gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the structure of the algolytic active substances. This investigation demonstrated that with exposure to the algae-lysis experiment, the Ps3 strain has the best algae-lysis effect, with G. catenatum and K. mikimotoi reaching 83.0 and 78.3%. Our results from the sterile fermentation broth experiment showed that the inhibitory effect on the two red tide algae was positively correlated with the concentration of the treatment. At a treatment concentration of 2.0% (v/v), the 48 h lysis rates of G. catenatum and K. mikimotoi due to exposure to the Ps3 bacterial fermentation broth were 95.2 and 86.7%, respectively. The results of this study suggest that the algaecide may be a rapid and effective method to control dinoflagellate blooms, as evidenced by the observed changes in cellular morphology in all cases. In the ethyl acetate phase of Ps3 fermentation broth, the cyclic (leucine-leucine) dipeptide was the most abundant. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of red tide prevention and control and provide a theoretical foundation for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwei Zheng
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Barathan Balaji-Prasath
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Recycling, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Province Research Centre for River and Lake Health Assessment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuping Su
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Recycling, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Province Research Centre for River and Lake Health Assessment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuping Su,
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Special Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guanglang Yu
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Shoman N, Solomonova E, Akimov A, Rylkova OA, Meger Y. Responses of Prorocentrum cordatum (Ostenfeld) Dodge, 1975 (Dinoflagellata) to copper nanoparticles and copper ions effect. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1625-1637. [PMID: 36389098 PMCID: PMC9530086 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, changes were determined in morphological, structural-functional, and fluorescent parameters of Prorocentrum cordatum with the addition of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) and copper ions (CuSO4). A stimulating effect of low Cu2+ concentrations (30 μg L-1) on algal growth characteristics was observed. Higher Cu2+ concentration of 60-600 μg L-1 and CuO NPs concentration of 100-520 μg L-1 inhibited algal growth. Ionic copper is more toxic to P. cordatum than NPs. After 72 h of algae cultivation in the medium supplemented with CuSO4 and CuO NPs, EC50 values (calculated based on cell abundance) were of 60 and 300 μg L-1 (in terms of copper ions), respectively. Reduction in algal growth rate is due to disruption in cell cycle, changes in nuclear morphology, chromatin dispersion, and DNA damage. The studied pollutants slightly affected the efficiency of P. cordatum photosynthetic apparatus. Addition of the pollutants resulted in an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). At a concentration of Cu2+ of 120 μg L-1 and a concentration of CuO NPs 0-300 μg L-1 of CuO NPs increase in ROS production is short-term with a decrease at later stages of the experiment. This is probably due to the activation of antioxidant mechanisms in cells and an increase in the concentration of carotenoids (peridinin) in cells. The high values of ROS production persisted throughout the experiment at sublethal copper concentrations (400-600 μg L-1 of CuSO4 and 520 μg L-1 of CuO NPs). Sublethal concentrations of pollutants caused restructuring of cell membranes in P. cordatum. Shedding of cell membranes (ecdysis) and formation of immobile stages (temporary or resting cysts) were recorded. The pronounced mechanical impact of NPs on the cell surface was observed such as-deformation and damage of a cell wall, its "wrinkling" and shrinkage, and adsorption of NP aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Shoman
- Algae Ecological Physiology Department, Moscow Representative Office of A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Solomonova
- Algae Ecological Physiology Department, Moscow Representative Office of A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Arkadii Akimov
- Algae Ecological Physiology Department, Moscow Representative Office of A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A. Rylkova
- Department of Biotechnology and Phytoresources, Moscow Representative Office of A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yakov Meger
- Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russian Federation
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Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Growth and Toxin Production of Alexandrium pacificum. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13040293. [PMID: 33924256 PMCID: PMC8074784 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13040293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) widely distributed in aquatic environments have adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Currently, the impact of MP on toxigenic red tide microalgae is poorly understood. In this study, the strain of Alexandrium pacificum ATHK, typically producing paralytic shellfish toxins (PST), was selected as the target. Effects of 1 and 0.1 μm polystyrene MP with three concentration gradients (5 mg L−1, 25 mg L−1 and 100 mg L−1) on the growth, chlorophyll a (Chl a), photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) and PST production of ATHK were explored. Results showed that the high concentration (100 mg L−1) of 1 μm and 0.1 μm MP significantly inhibited the growth of ATHK, and the inhibition depended on the size and concentration of MP. Contents of Chl a showed an increase with various degrees after MP exposure in all cases. The photosynthesis indicator Fv/Fm of ATHK was significantly inhibited in the first 11 days, then gradually returned to the level of control group at day 13, and finally was gradually inhibited in the 1 μm MP treatments, and promotion or inhibition to some degree also occurred at different periods after exposure to 0.1 μm MP. Overall, both particle sizes of MP at 5 and 25 mg L−1 had no significant effect on cell toxin quota, and the high concentration 100 mg L−1 significantly promoted the PST biosynthesis on the day 7, 11 and 15. No significant difference occurred in the cell toxin quota and the total toxin content in all treatments at the end of the experiment (day 21). All MP treatments did not change the toxin profiles of ATHK, nor did the relative molar percentage of main PST components. The growth of ATHK, Chl a content, Fv/Fm and toxin production were not affected by MP shading. This is the first report on the effects of MP on the PST-producing microalgae, which will improve the understanding of the adverse impact of MP on the growth and toxin production of A. pacificum.
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Dedman CJ, King AM, Christie-Oleza JA, Davies GL. Environmentally relevant concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles pose negligible risk to marine microbes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2021; 8:1236-1255. [PMID: 34046180 PMCID: PMC8136324 DOI: 10.1039/d0en00883d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nano-sized titanium dioxide (nTiO2) represents the highest produced nanomaterial by mass worldwide and, due to its prevalent industrial and commercial use, it inevitably reaches the natural environment. Previous work has revealed a negative impact of nTiO2 upon marine phytoplankton growth, however, studies are typically carried out at concentrations far exceeding those measured and predicted to occur in the environment currently. Here, a series of experiments were carried out to assess the effects of both research-grade nTiO2 and nTiO2 extracted from consumer products upon the marine dominant cyanobacterium, Prochlorococcus, and natural marine communities at environmentally relevant and supra-environmental concentrations (i.e., 1 μg L-1 to 100 mg L-1). Cell declines observed in Prochlorococcus cultures were associated with the extensive aggregation behaviour of nTiO2 in saline media and the subsequent entrapment of microbial cells. Hence, higher concentrations of nTiO2 particles exerted a stronger decline of cyanobacterial populations. However, within natural oligotrophic seawater, cultures were able to recover over time as the nanoparticles aggregated out of solution after 72 h. Subsequent shotgun proteomic analysis of Prochlorococcus cultures exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations confirmed minimal molecular features of toxicity, suggesting that direct physical effects are responsible for short-term microbial population decline. In an additional experiment, the diversity and structure of natural marine microbial communities showed negligible variations when exposed to environmentally relevant nTiO2 concentrations (i.e., 25 μg L-1). As such, the environmental risk of nTiO2 towards marine microbial species appears low, however the potential for adverse effects in hotspots of contamination exists. In future, research must be extended to consider any effect of other components of nano-enabled product formulations upon nanomaterial fate and impact within the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig J Dedman
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Coventry CV4 7EQ UK
| | - Aaron M King
- UCL Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Joseph A Christie-Oleza
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7.5 CP: 07122 Palma Spain
- IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) CP: 07190 Esporles Spain
| | - Gemma-Louise Davies
- UCL Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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Li Z, Juneau P, Lian Y, Zhang W, Wang S, Wang C, Shu L, Yan Q, He Z, Xu K. Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Photosynthetic and Antioxidative Processes of Scenedesmus obliquus. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121748. [PMID: 33321890 PMCID: PMC7763043 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the photocatalytic toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticle (nano-TiO2) on phytoplankton are well understood. However, as UV light intensity decreases sharply with the depth of the water column, the effects of nano-TiO2 itself on deeper water phytoplankton, such as green algae, need further research. In this research, we investigated the effects of three sizes of TiO2 (10, 50 and 200 nm) on the photosynthetic and antioxidative processes of Scenedesmus obliquus in the absence of UV light. We found that 50 nm and 10 nm TiO2 (10 mg/L) inhibited growth rates and the maximal photosystem II quantum yield compared to the control in Scenedesmus obliquus. The minimal and maximal fluorescence yields, and the contents of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, increased, indicating that photosynthetic energy/electrons transferred to oxygen and induced oxidative stress in nano-TiO2-treated samples. In addition, we found that aggregations of algae and 10 nm TiO2 were present, which could induce cell membrane disruption, and vacuoles were induced to cope with nano-TiO2 stress in Scenedesmus obliquus. These results enhance our understanding of the effects of nano-TiO2 on the photosynthetic and antioxidative processes of green algae, and provide basic information for evaluating the ecotoxicity of nano-TiO2 in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Li
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (L.S.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Philippe Juneau
- Department of Biological Sciences, GRIL-EcotoQ-TOXEN, Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada;
| | - Yingli Lian
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (L.S.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (L.S.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Shanquan Wang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (L.S.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Cheng Wang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (L.S.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Longfei Shu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (L.S.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Qingyun Yan
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (L.S.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Zhili He
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (L.S.); (Q.Y.)
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (K.X.)
| | - Kui Xu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (L.S.); (Q.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (K.X.)
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12
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Nguyen MK, Moon JY, Lee YC. Microalgal ecotoxicity of nanoparticles: An updated review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110781. [PMID: 32497816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, nanotechnology and its related industries are becoming a rapidly explosive industry that offers many benefits to human life. However, along with the increased production and use of nanoparticles (NPs), their presence in the environment creates a high risk of increasing toxic effects on aquatic organisms. Therefore, a large number of studies focusing on the toxicity of these NPs to the aquatic organisms are carried out which used algal species as a common biological model. In this review, the influences of the physio-chemical properties of NPs and the response mechanisms of the algae on the toxicity of the NPs were discussed focusing on the "assay" studies. Besides, the specific algal toxicities of each type of NPs along with the NP-induced changes in algal cells of these NPs are also assessed. Almost all commonly-used NPs exhibit algal toxicity. Although the algae have similarities in the symptoms under NP exposure, the sensitivity and variability of each algae species to the inherent properties of each NPs are quite different. They depend strongly on the concentration, size, characteristics of NPs, and biochemical nature of algae. Through the assessment, the review identifies several gaps that need to be further studied to make an explicit understanding. The findings in the majority of studies are mostly in laboratory conditions and there are still uncertainties and contradictory/inconsistent results about the behavioral effects of NPs under field conditions. Besides, there remains unsureness about NP-uptake pathways of microalgae. Finally, the toxicity mechanisms of NPs need to be thoughtfully understood which is essential in risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Kim Nguyen
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- Department of Beauty Design Management, Hansung University, 116 Samseongyoro-16 gil, Seoul, 02876, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Biocompatibility of Alexandrium minutum in the growth and paralytic shellfish toxins production under five cultivation methods. Toxicon 2020; 182:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Li M, Jiang Y, Chuang CY, Zhou J, Zhu X, Chen D. Recovery of Alexandrium tamarense under chronic exposure of TiO 2 nanoparticles and possible mechanisms. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 208:98-108. [PMID: 30641416 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HAB), heavily influenced by human activities, pose serious hazard to aquatic ecology and human health. In this study, we monitored the physiological responses and paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (PSTs) of the toxin-producing HAB species Alexandrium tamarense under titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) exposure in the concentration range of 2-320 mg L-1 over a period of 13 days. The results showed the acute inhibition of nTiO2 on the algal growth, photosynthetic efficiency and esterase activity at all concentrations except 2 mg L-1. Nonetheless, they recovered after 13 days nTiO2 exposure from 20 to 80 mg L-1. The EC50 value increased from 85.1 mg L-1 in Day 4 to 140.9 mg L-1 in Day 13. The physiological recovery after prolonged exposure may result from the elimination of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), a combined outcome of increased nTiO2 aggregation and algal antioxidant defense mechanisms. This observation is supported by the immediately increased antioxidant enzyme activities, including the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities upon nTiO2 exposure. Moreover, the production of PSTs in A. tamarense significantly increased by 1.41-1.76 folds after chronic nTiO2 exposure at all tested concentrations (p < 0.05), which might also be an adaptive response for the microalgae to overcome the stresses. In particular, the proportions of highly-toxic PSTs analogues GTX2/3, STX and dcSTX were significantly increased upon nTiO2 exposure (p < 0.05). Hence, the chronic nTiO2 exposure might aggravate the ecological impact of HABs. Furthermore investigations on different HAB species, especially those toxin-producing ones, and detail physiological responses are obviously needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlu Li
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuelu Jiang
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Chia-Ying Chuang
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin Zhou
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhu
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Daoyi Chen
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Tang Y, Xin H, Yang S, Guo M, Malkoske T, Yin D, Xia S. Environmental risks of ZnO nanoparticle exposure on Microcystis aeruginosa: Toxic effects and environmental feedback. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 204:19-26. [PMID: 30170208 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of studies measure the toxic effect of organisms exposed to nanoparticles (NPs) while there is still a lack of knowledge about the influence of NPs on the aquatic environment. It is unknown whether or not the interaction between NPs and algae will result in the variation of algal organic matter (AOM) and stimulate the production of more algal toxins. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) as a typical representative of metal oxide NPs were used to evaluate the toxic effects and environmental feedback of Microcystis aeruginosa. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured to explain the toxicity mechanism. Changes of AOM, including the production of toxins, the molecular weight distribution and the excitation-emission matrices of algal solution were also studied as environmental feedback indicators after nano-ZnO destroyed the algae. As the nano-ZnO exceeded the comparable critical concentration (1.0 mg/L), the algae were destroyed and intracellular organic matters were released into the aquatic environment, which stimulated the generation of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). However, it is worth noting that the concentration of nano-ZnO would need to be high (at mg/L range) to stimulate more MC-LR production. These findings are expected to be beneficial in interpreting the toxicity and risks of the releasing of NPs through the feedback between algae and the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Huaijia Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Shu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Meiting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Tyler Malkoske
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Shengji Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
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