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McKenzie M, Brooks A, Callisto M, Collins AL, Durkota JM, Death RG, Jones JI, Linares MS, Matthaei CD, Monk WA, Murphy JF, Wagenhoff A, Wilkes M, Wood PJ, Mathers KL. Freshwater invertebrate responses to fine sediment stress: A multi-continent perspective. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17084. [PMID: 38273567 PMCID: PMC10952627 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Excessive fine sediment (particles <2 mm) deposition in freshwater systems is a pervasive stressor worldwide. However, understanding of ecological response to excess fine sediment in river systems at the global scale is limited. Here, we aim to address whether there is a consistent response to increasing levels of deposited fine sediment by freshwater invertebrates across multiple geographic regions (Australia, Brazil, New Zealand and the UK). Results indicate ecological responses are not globally consistent and are instead dependent on both the region and the facet of invertebrate diversity considered, that is, taxonomic or functional trait structure. Invertebrate communities of Australia were most sensitive to deposited fine sediment, with the greatest rate of change in communities occurring when fine sediment cover was low (below 25% of the reach). Communities in the UK displayed a greater tolerance with most compositional change occurring between 30% and 60% cover. In both New Zealand and Brazil, which included the most heavily sedimented sampled streams, the communities were more tolerant or demonstrated ambiguous responses, likely due to historic environmental filtering of invertebrate communities. We conclude that ecological responses to fine sediment are not generalisable globally and are dependent on landscape filters with regional context and historic land management playing important roles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Brooks
- Department of Planning and Environment, Surface Water ScienceNSW GovernmentWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Marcos Callisto
- Laboratory of Ecology of Benthos, Department of Genetics, Ecology and EvolutionInstitute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Adrian L. Collins
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted ResearchOkehamptonDevonUK
| | | | - Russell G. Death
- Innovative River Solutions, School of Agriculture and EnvironmentMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - J. Iwan Jones
- School of Biological and Behavioural SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Marden S. Linares
- Laboratory of Ecology of Benthos, Department of Genetics, Ecology and EvolutionInstitute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | | | - Wendy A. Monk
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental ManagementEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickCanada
| | - John F. Murphy
- School of Biological and Behavioural SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Martin Wilkes
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
| | - Paul J. Wood
- Geography and EnvironmentLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Kate L. Mathers
- Geography and EnvironmentLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
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2
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Hughes RM, Herlihy AT, Comeleo R, Peck DV, Mitchell RM, Paulsen SG. Patterns in and predictors of stream and river macroinvertebrate genera and fish species richness across the conterminous USA. KNOWLEDGE AND MANAGEMENT OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS 2023; 424:1-16. [PMID: 37593206 PMCID: PMC10428169 DOI: 10.1051/kmae/2023014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Both native and non-native taxa richness patterns are useful for evaluating areas of greatest conservation concern. To determine those patterns, we analyzed fish and macroinvertebrate taxa richness data obtained at 3475 sites collected by the USEPA's National Rivers and Streams Assessment. We also determined which natural and anthropogenic variables best explained patterns in regional richness. Macroinvertebrate and fish richness increased with the number of sites sampled per region. Therefore, we determined residual taxa richness from the deviation of observed richness from predicted richness given the number of sites per region. Regional richness markedly exceeded average site richness for both macroinvertebrates and fish. Predictors of macroinvertebrate-genus and fish-species residual-regional richness differed. Air temperature was an important predictor in both cases but was positive for fish and negative for macroinvertebrates. Both natural and land use variables were significant predictors of regional richness. This study is the first to determine mean site and regional richness of both fish and aquatic macroinvertebrates across the conterminous USA, and the key anthropogenic drivers of regional richness. Thus, it offers important insights into regional USA biodiversity hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Hughes
- Amnis Opes Institute, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, & Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Alan T. Herlihy
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, & Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Randy Comeleo
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - David V. Peck
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Richard M. Mitchell
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, Northwest, MC 4502T, Washington, DC 20460, USA
| | - Steven G. Paulsen
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Wang X, Li J, Tan L, Yao J, Zheng Y, Shen Q, Tan X. The impact of land use on stream macroinvertebrates: a bibliometric analysis for 2010-2021. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:613. [PMID: 37099192 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Changes in stream biodiversity are now mainly driven by land-use development. However, a literature review on the impact of land use on stream macroinvertebrates is lacking, especially a scientometric review. Here, we bibliometrically analyzed the literature on land use and stream macroinvertebrates that were published in 2010-2021 and listed in the Web of Science database. We found that the impact of land use on stream macroinvertebrates had been increasingly studied and that these studies were distributed across the globe and had multi-national collaborations. Through co-citation analysis and high-frequency keyword analysis, we found that land use and some environmental factors, especially water quality and habitat, affected macroinvertebrate community biodiversity, biotic integrity, and patterns. Macroinvertebrate traits, analytical methods or models, evaluation index development, and riparian vegetation were the research hotspots. Using historical direct citation network analysis, we also found that the analytical methods in this field and the macroinvertebrate evaluation index had clear development trends from 2010 to 2021. Our findings can help researchers quickly grasp the background of the impact of land use on stream macroinvertebrates and inform future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhong Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha , 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianliang Yao
- Tonglu Environmental Monitoring Station, Hangzhou, 311500, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingna Shen
- School of Geomatics and Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
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Li Y, Li X, Liu Q, Xu Z, Wang M. Community characteristics of macroinvertebrates and ecosystem health assessment in Qin River, a main tributary of the Yellow River in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:56410-56424. [PMID: 36914930 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To know well the ecosystem health status of Qin River, a main tributary of the Yellow River and the largest river in Jincheng region, macroinvertebrates from 49 sampling sites in the Qin River and its largest tributary, the Dan River, were investigated, and community characteristics were analyzed in the autumn of 2020; a Benthic index of Biotic Integrity (B-IBI) was established based on four metrics by a series of steps. The results showed that a total of 38 species of macroinvertebrates were collected and identified, belonging to 6 orders and 19 families, consisting of 17 Insecta species, 13 Gastropoda species, and 4 Oligochaeta species. Four species in Insecta belonged to EPT (E, Ephemeroptera; P, Plecoptera; T, Trichoptera); 10 species in Insecta belonged to Chironomidae and Tipulidae families. All species in Gastropoda belonged to Basematophora order, and, especially, Bellamya aeruginosa is highly tolerant to nutrients. All species in Oligochaetes belonged to Tubificidae family, which indicates eutrophication and low-dissolved oxygen. The dominant species in the study were Ephemera orientalis, Chironomus riparius Meigen, and Limnodrilus claparedianus. The final B-IBI scores varied from 0.75 to 3.75, with 5 sites in "excellent," 10 sites in "good," 10 sites in "normal" status, 12 sites in "poor" status, 12 sites in "very poor." "Very poor" and "poor" sites were mainly located in the middle reach of the Qin River and upper-middle reach of the Dan River in Jincheng region. B-IBI strongly differentiated the reference sites and impaired sites, suggesting the suitability of the B-IBI in the Qin River basin. Significantly negative correlations between NH4+-N, TN, and B-IBI indicated the B-IBI characterized well the influence of nitrogen pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, Beijing, 100875, China
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Qingwei Liu
- Jiaozuo Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Henan Province, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Zongxue Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Mingshi Wang
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
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Kulaš A, Žutinić P, Gulin Beljak V, Kepčija RM, Perić MS, Orlić S, Petrić IS, Marković T, Gligora Udovič M. Diversity of protist genera in periphyton of tufa-depositing karstic river. ANN MICROBIOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-023-01712-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
In aquatic ecosystems, protists play a crucial role and cover numerous ecological functions. The karstic Krka River (Croatia) is a unique hotspot for high diversity of aquatic organisms, especially protists. The main objective of the present study was to obtain a detailed overview of the protist community structure in the periphyton of the Krka River and to determine the differences in protist diversity along the river.
Methods
Protist diversity was detected by amplicon sequencing of the hypervariable region V9 of the 18S rRNA gene, using the universal eukaryotic primer pair.
Results
The three main groups of protists were as follows: Ciliophora, Cercozoa, and Bacillariophyta. In terms of abundance of protist OTUs, the shade plot revealed an evident difference from the upstream to downstream river section, which increased between locations from Krka spring to Skradinski buk. Diversity was explored using measures of alpha and beta diversity. Alpha diversity showed an increasing trend in the downstream direction of the river. The location effect, or clustering/grouping of samples by location, was confirmed by the PERMANOVA permutation test of beta diversity.
Conclusion
The combination of alpha and beta diversity can help provide deeper insight into the study of diversity patterns, but also point out to decline in species diversity and allow for effective ways to protect aquatic karst habitats in future management.
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Feio MJ, Hughes RM, Serra SRQ, Nichols SJ, Kefford BJ, Lintermans M, Robinson W, Odume ON, Callisto M, Macedo DR, Harding JS, Yates AG, Monk W, Nakamura K, Mori T, Sueyoshi M, Mercado‐Silva N, Chen K, Baek MJ, Bae YJ, Tachamo‐Shah RD, Shah DN, Campbell I, Moya N, Arimoro FO, Keke UN, Martins RT, Alves CBM, Pompeu PS, Sharma S. Fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages reveal extensive degradation of the world's rivers. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:355-374. [PMID: 36131677 PMCID: PMC10091732 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rivers suffer from multiple stressors acting simultaneously on their biota, but the consequences are poorly quantified at the global scale. We evaluated the biological condition of rivers globally, including the largest proportion of countries from the Global South published to date. We gathered macroinvertebrate- and fish-based assessments from 72,275 and 37,676 sites, respectively, from 64 study regions across six continents and 45 nations. Because assessments were based on differing methods, different systems were consolidated into a 3-class system: Good, Impaired, or Severely Impaired, following common guidelines. The proportion of sites in each class by study area was calculated and each region was assigned a Köppen-Geiger climate type, Human Footprint score (addressing landscape alterations), Human Development Index (HDI) score (addressing social welfare), % rivers with good ambient water quality, % protected freshwater key biodiversity areas; and % of forest area net change rate. We found that 50% of macroinvertebrate sites and 42% of fish sites were in Good condition, whereas 21% and 29% were Severely Impaired, respectively. The poorest biological conditions occurred in Arid and Equatorial climates and the best conditions occurred in Snow climates. Severely Impaired conditions were associated (Pearson correlation coefficient) with higher HDI scores, poorer physico-chemical water quality, and lower proportions of protected freshwater areas. Good biological conditions were associated with good water quality and increased forested areas. It is essential to implement statutory bioassessment programs in Asian, African, and South American countries, and continue them in Oceania, Europe, and North America. There is a need to invest in assessments based on fish, as there is less information globally and fish were strong indicators of degradation. Our study highlights a need to increase the extent and number of protected river catchments, preserve and restore natural forested areas in the catchments, treat wastewater discharges, and improve river connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Feio
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences CentreARNET, University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Robert M. Hughes
- Amnis Opes InstituteCorvallisOregonUSA
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Sónia R. Q. Serra
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences CentreARNET, University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Susan J. Nichols
- Centre for Applied Water ScienceInstitute for Applied Ecology, University of CanberraCanberraAustralia
| | - Ben J. Kefford
- Centre for Applied Water ScienceInstitute for Applied Ecology, University of CanberraCanberraAustralia
| | - Mark Lintermans
- Centre for Applied Water ScienceInstitute for Applied Ecology, University of CanberraCanberraAustralia
| | | | - Oghenekaro N. Odume
- Unilever Centre for Environmental Water QualityInstitute for Water Research, Rhodes UniversityMakhandaSouth Africa
| | - Marcos Callisto
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e EvoluçãoInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Diego R. Macedo
- Departamento de GeografiaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Jon S. Harding
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Adam G. Yates
- Department of BiologyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Wendy Monk
- Environment and Climate Change Canada and Canadian Rivers Institute, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental ManagementUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonCanada
| | | | - Terutaka Mori
- Aqua Restoration Research CenterPublic Works Research InstituteKakamigaharaGifuJapan
| | - Masanao Sueyoshi
- Aqua Restoration Research CenterPublic Works Research InstituteKakamigaharaGifuJapan
| | - Norman Mercado‐Silva
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y ConservaciónUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosCuernavacaMorelosMexico
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of EntomologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China SeaHainan UniversityHaikouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Min Jeong Baek
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Ministry of EnvironmentIncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jae Bae
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Ram Devi Tachamo‐Shah
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, Aquatic Ecology CentreKathmandu UniversityDhulikhelNepal
| | - Deep Narayan Shah
- Central Department of Environmental ScienceTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal
| | | | - Nabor Moya
- Instituto Experimental de BiologiaUniversidad Mayor Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de ChuquisacaSucreBolivia
| | - Francis O. Arimoro
- Applied Hydrobiology Unit, Department of Animal BiologyFederal University of TechnologyMinnaNigeria
| | - Unique N. Keke
- Applied Hydrobiology Unit, Department of Animal BiologyFederal University of TechnologyMinnaNigeria
| | - Renato T. Martins
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Curso de pós‐graduação em EntomologiaInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
| | - Carlos B. M. Alves
- Laboratório Nuvelhas, Projeto ManuelzãoUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Paulo S. Pompeu
- Departamento de Ecologia e ConservaçãoUniversidade Federal de LavrasLavrasBrazil
| | - Subodh Sharma
- Aquatic Ecology Centre, School of ScienceKathmandu UniversityDhulikhelNepal
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Kaufmann PR, Hughes RM, Paulsen SG, Peck DV, Seeliger CW, Kincaid T, Mitchell RM. Physical habitat in conterminous US streams and Rivers, part 2: A quantitative assessment of habitat condition. ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 2022; 141:109047. [PMID: 35991318 PMCID: PMC9389467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Rigorous assessments of the ecological condition of water resources and the effect of human activities on those waters require quantitative physical, chemical, and biological data. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's river and stream surveys quantify river and stream bed particle size and stability, instream habitat complexity and cover, riparian vegetation cover and structure, and anthropogenic disturbance activities. Physical habitat is strongly controlled by natural geoclimatic factors that co-vary with human activities. We expressed the anthropogenic alteration of physical habitat as O/E ratios of observed habitat metric values divided by values expected under least-disturbed reference conditions, where site-specific expected values vary given their geoclimatic and geomorphic context. We set criteria for good, fair, and poor condition based on the distribution of O/E values in regional least-disturbed reference sites. Poor conditions existed in 22-24% of the 1.2 million km of streams and rivers in the conterminous U.S. for riparian human disturbance, streambed sediment and riparian vegetation cover, versus 14% for instream habitat complexity. Based on the same four indicators, the percentage of stream length in poor condition within 9 separate U.S. ecoregions ranged from 4% to 42%. Associations of our physical habitat indices with anthropogenic pressures demonstrate the scope of anthropogenic habitat alteration; habitat condition was negatively related to the level of anthropogenic disturbance nationally and in nearly all ecoregions. Relative risk estimates showed that streams and rivers with poor sediment, riparian cover complexity, or instream habitat cover conditions were 1.4 to 2.6 times as likely to also have fish or macroinvertebrate assemblages in poor condition. Our physical habitat condition indicators help explain deviations in biological conditions from those observed among least-disturbed sites and inform management actions for rehabilitating impaired waters and mitigating further ecological degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R. Kaufmann
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific
Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, & Conservation
Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Robert M. Hughes
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, & Conservation
Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Amnis Opes Institute, 2895 Southeast Glenn Street,
Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Steven G. Paulsen
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific
Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - David V. Peck
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific
Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | | | - Tom Kincaid
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific
Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
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Kaufmann PR, Hughes RM, Paulsen SG, Peck DV, Seeliger CW, Weber MH, Mitchell RM. Physical habitat in conterminous US streams and rivers, Part 1: Geoclimatic controls and anthropogenic alteration. ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 2022; 141:109046. [PMID: 35991319 PMCID: PMC9389819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic alteration of physical habitat structure in streams and rivers is increasingly recognized as a major cause of impairment worldwide. As part of their assessment of the status and trends in the condition of rivers and streams in the U.S., the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) National Aquatic Resource Surveys (NARS) quantify and monitor channel size and slope, substrate size and stability, instream habitat complexity and cover, riparian vegetation cover and structure, anthropogenic disturbance activities, and channel-riparian interaction. Like biological assemblages and water chemistry, physical habitat is strongly controlled by natural geoclimatic factors that can obscure or amplify the influence of human activities. We developed a systematic approach to estimate the deviation of observed river and stream physical habitat from that expected in least-disturbed reference conditions. We applied this approach to calculate indices of anthropogenic alteration of three aspects of physical habitat condition in the conterminous U.S. (CONUS): streambed sediment size and stability, riparian vegetation cover, and instream habitat complexity. The precision and responsiveness of these indices led the USEPA to use them to evaluate physical habitat condition in CONUS rivers and streams. The scores of these indices systematically decreased with greater anthropogenic disturbance at river and stream sites in the CONUS and within ecoregions, which we interpret as a response of these physical habitat indices to anthropogenic influences. Although anthropogenic activities negatively influenced all three physical habitat indices in the least-disturbed sites within most ecoregions, natural geoclimatic and geomorphic factors were the dominant influences. For sites over the full range of anthropogenic disturbance, analyses of observed/expected sediment characteristics showed augmented flood flows and basin and riparian agriculture to be the leading predictors of streambed instability and excess fine sediments. Similarly, basin and riparian agriculture and non-agricultural riparian land uses were the leading predictors of reduced riparian vegetation cover complexity in the CONUS and within ecoregions. In turn, these reductions in riparian vegetation cover and complexity, combined with reduced summer low flows, were the leading predictors of instream habitat simplification. We conclude that quantitative measures of physical habitat structure are useful and important indicators of the impacts of human activities on stream and river condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R. Kaufmann
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific
Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation
Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Robert M. Hughes
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation
Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Amnis Opes Institute, 2895 Southeast Glenn Street,
Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Steven G. Paulsen
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific
Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - David V. Peck
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific
Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | | | - Marc H. Weber
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific
Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
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Dias-Silva K, Vieira TB, de Matos TP, Juen L, Simião-Ferreira J, Hughes RM, De Marco Júnior P. Measuring stream habitat conditions: Can remote sensing substitute for field data? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147617. [PMID: 34134352 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing encroachment of agricultural activities into natural areas is a growing problem for the ecological condition of streams. Stream ecological condition is best measured using both biotic and abiotic parameters that reflect different channel, riparian zone and catchment aspects. Multiple physical-chemical measures of water quality have long been widely used to represent the environmental conditions of water bodies. More recently, physical habitat structure, catchment land use and land cover have been employed to better understand water body conditions. Both water quality and physical habitat structure metrics are usually measured in the field and often have strong predictive power to analyze biological assemblage conditions. On the other hand, remote sensing of catchment land use and land cover provide relatively low-cost environmental information at large spatial extents, minimizing the need for fieldwork and reducing analytical time. Given these considerations, our aim in the present study was to evaluate the degree to which stream environmental conditions could be measured reliably via remote sensing. In particular, we assessed whether a remote sensing index (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and land use can be used as reliable surrogates for site habitat condition, channel dimensions, and water quality. We found that our remote sensing variables were not sufficient for predicting stream water quality or habitat structure. Therefore, we recommend using remote sensing indicators only when it is impossible to measure water quality and habitat structure in the field directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Dias-Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia - Universidade Federal do Pará/Embrapa, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belém, PA, Brazil; Programa Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação - Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA, Altamira, PA, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Bernardi Vieira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia - Universidade Federal do Pará/Embrapa, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belém, PA, Brazil; Programa Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação - Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA, Altamira, PA, Brazil.
| | - Talissa Pio de Matos
- Programa Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação - Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA, Altamira, PA, Brazil
| | - Leandro Juen
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia - Universidade Federal do Pará/Embrapa, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belém, PA, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA, Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Simião-Ferreira
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás-UEG, Laboratório de Pesquisas Ecológicas e Educação Científica, Campus Central, Anápolis, GO, Brazil.
| | - Robert M Hughes
- Amnis Opes Institute, Corvallis, OR, USA; Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, & Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| | - Paulo De Marco Júnior
- Universidade Federal de Goiás-UFG, Laboratório de Teoria, Metacomunidade e Ecologia de Paisagem, Departamento de Ecologia, ICB. Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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10
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Abstract
Globally, croplands and rangelands are major land uses and they have altered lands and waters for millennia. This continues to be the case throughout the USA, despite substantial improvements in treating wastewaters from point sources—versus non-point (diffuse) sources. Poor macroinvertebrate assemblage condition occurs in 30% of conterminous USA streams and rivers; poor fish assemblage condition occurs in 26%. The risk of poor fish assemblage condition was most strongly associated with excess nutrients, salinity and sedimentation and impaired riparian woody vegetation. Although the Clean Water Act was passed to restore and maintain the integrity of USA waters, that will be impossible without controlling agricultural pollution. Likewise, the Federal Land Policy and Management Act was enacted to protect the natural condition of public lands and waters, including fish habitat, but it has failed to curtail the sacred cows of livestock grazing. Although progress has been slow and spotty, promising results have been obtained from basin and watershed planning and riparian zone protections.
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11
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Liu B, Li D, Chen S, Wu N, Guan Y. Improving biological condition assessment accuracy by multimetric index approach with microalgae in streams and lakes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:145417. [PMID: 33736158 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multimetric index (MMI) approach is a broadly used in ecological assessment because it can integrate information of various kinds of ecologically related metrics of freshwater ecosystems and provide an easily understandable score for purpose of further evaluation and managements. Accounting for natural variation and disentangling covariation between natural environmental factors and human disturbance factors are imperative for an accurate assessment. Lots of progress has been made recently on the aforementioned two aspects. Three approaches, a priori classification of sites by regions or typologies, site-specific modeling of expected reference condition and varying metrics in site groups, have been tested in lakes and streams to improve assessment accuracy. All existed studies support that site-specific modeling can efficiently account for natural variation and generate a MMI with good performance. However, until now, no strong evidence has shown that diatom/blue-algae typologies are better than regionalization frameworks on accounting for natural variation either in lakes or in streams. To separate the natural variation explained by site specific modeling from that of varying metrics is necessary for a thorough and accurate evaluation on the valuableness of site-grouping by typologies. Different performance of varying metrics among site groups of streams and lakes was most probably caused by the lack of representativeness of diatom metrics on biological condition rather than the complex multi-stressor gradients in streams and rivers. A recent study showed that blue-green algae enhanced performance of diatom-based MMI on defining lake condition under high level of human disturbance. On the other hand, with more and more extensive and intensive use of statistics techniques in developing MMI, we also discussed some statistical challenges faced by scientists in field of ecological assessment, especially on setting significance level of a statistical test and multiple comparison issue in MMI performance comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Danmin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Naicheng Wu
- Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Center for Land and Marine Spatial Utilization and Governance Research, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yueqiang Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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12
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Zhang B, Hughes RM, Davis WS, Cao C. Big data challenges in overcoming China's water and air pollution: relevant data and indicators. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021; 3:469. [PMID: 33855273 PMCID: PMC7983073 DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Big data are potentially useful for environmental management planning and actions that can be directed toward pollution control. China is using big data approaches to help reduce its current levels of pollution. However, also needed are better environmental indicators, measurement technologies, data management and reporting, and adaptive management and enforcement. Based on continental-extent monitoring and assessment programs in Europe and the USA, we recommend three major programmatic changes for China. (1) Establish long-term systemic environmental and human health objectives and indicators. (2) Adopt national standard methods for survey designs, sampling and analytical protocols, statistical analyses, and collaborative sampling programs. (3) Provide a transparent process for reporting and correcting data errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Information Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, China
| | - Robert M. Hughes
- Amnis Opes Institute, Corvallis, OR USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
| | | | - Cong Cao
- University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China
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13
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Mello KD, Taniwaki RH, Paula FRD, Valente RA, Randhir TO, Macedo DR, Leal CG, Rodrigues CB, Hughes RM. Multiscale land use impacts on water quality: Assessment, planning, and future perspectives in Brazil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 270:110879. [PMID: 32721318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brazil contains the largest volume of freshwater of any nation in the world; however, this essential natural resource is threatened by rapid increases in water consumption and water quality degradation, mainly as a result of anthropogenic pressures. Declining water quality has become an increasingly more significant global concern as economic activities and human populations expand and climate change markedly alters hydrological cycles. Changes in land-use/land-cover (LULC) pattern have been recognized as a major driver of water quality degradation, however different LULC types and intensities affect water quality in different ways. In addition, the relationships between LULC and water quality may differ for different spatial and temporal scales. The increase in deforestation, agricultural expansion, and urban sprawl in Brazil highlights the need for water quality protection to ensure immediate human needs and to maintain the quality of water supplies in the long-term. Thus, this manuscript provides an overview of the relationships between LULC and water quality in Brazil, aiming at understanding the effects of different LULC types on water quality, how spatial and temporal scales contribute to these effects, and how such knowledge can improve watershed management and future projections. In general, agriculture and urban areas are the main LULCs responsible for water quality degradation in Brazil. However, although representing a small percentage of the territory, mining has a high impact on water quality. Water quality variables respond differently at different spatial scales, so spatial extent is an important aspect to be considered in studies and management. LULC impacts on water quality also vary seasonally and lag effects mean they take time to occur. Forest restoration can improve water quality and multicriteria evaluation has been applied to identify priority areas for forest restoration and conservation aiming at protecting water quality, but both need further exploration. Watershed modelling has been applied to simulate future impacts of LULC change on water quality, but data availability must be improved to increase the number, locations and duration of studies. Because of the international nature of watersheds and the consistent relationships between land use and water quality in Brazil, we believe our results will also aid water management in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaline de Mello
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, R. do Matão, 321, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Hideo Taniwaki
- Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences Center, Federal University of ABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Rossetti de Paula
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, R. Padua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Averna Valente
- Department of Environmental Science, Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba Campus, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos (SP-264), km 110, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Timothy O Randhir
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, 160 Holdsworth Way, Holdsworth Hall, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Diego Rodrigues Macedo
- Department of Geography, Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil.
| | - Cecília Gontijo Leal
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, R. Padua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Robert M Hughes
- Amnis Opes Institute and Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR, 7331-3803, USA.
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14
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Anderson SE, Closs GP, Matthaei CD. Agricultural Land-Use Legacy, The Invasive Alga Didymosphenia geminata and Invertebrate Communities in Upland Streams with Natural Flow Regimes. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 65:804-817. [PMID: 32222781 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-020-01285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The integrity of freshwater ecosystems worldwide is under threat from agriculture and invasive species. Past agricultural activity can have persistent effects on aquatic diversity even decades after restoration, and the spread of invasive species is increasingly difficult to prevent due to globalisation. In the South Island of New Zealand, the invasive diatom Didymosphenia geminata (Didymo) causes nuisance blooms in streams. The impact of Didymo on stream invertebrate communities in upland streams with natural flow regimes remains poorly understood. We investigated the relationships between legacy effects of agriculture, Didymo and benthic invertebrate communities at 55 stream sites in Mahu Whenua, a 530 km2 conservation area comprising four former New Zealand high-country farms. The farms were destocked of sheep 4-9 years before stream sampling started. Kick-netting was used to collect macroinvertebrates from 7-23 streams within each farm to provide a land-use legacy gradient. Moreover, samples from 16 sites with clearly visible Didymo mats covering most of the stream bed (indicating high biomass and a dominant role in the biofilm) were compared with 39 sites without such Didymo mats. Total invertebrate taxon richness and EPT richness (taxon richness of larval mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies) were lower in the stream catchments destocked most recently. When Didymo was present, relative EPT abundance was lower than when Didymo was absent, and Deleatidium mayflies decreased whereas midges and oligochaetes increased. These results highlight the need to look at past land-use practices when restoring high-country streams after agricultural impacts. They also show that Didymo can have negative effects on invertebrate communities in upland streams with natural flow regimes, a stream type previously overlooked in studies on this invasive diatom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye E Anderson
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Gerard P Closs
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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15
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Herlihy AT, Sifneos JC, Hughes RM, Peck DV, Mitchell RM. The Relation of Lotic Fish and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Condition Indices to Environmental Factors Across the Conterminous USA. ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 2020; 112:10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105958. [PMID: 33628123 PMCID: PMC7898157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
National and regional ecological assessments are essential for making rational decisions concerning water body conservation and management at those spatial extents. We analyzed data from 4597 samples collected from 3420 different sites across the conterminous USA during the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 2008-2009 and 2013-2014 National Rivers and Streams Assessment. We evaluated the relationship between both fish and macroinvertebrate multimetric index (MMI) condition scores and 38 environmental factors to assess the relative importance of natural versus anthropogenic predictors, contrast site-scale versus watershed-scale predictors, and examine ecoregional and assemblage differences. We found that most of the environmental factors we examined were related to either fish and/or macroinvertebrate MMI scores in some fashion and that the factors involved, and strength of the relationship, varied by ecoregion and between assemblages. Factors more associated with natural conditions were usually less important in explaining MMI scores than factors more directly associated with anthropogenic disturbances. Local site-scale factors explained more variation than watershed-scale factors. Random forest and multiple regression models performed similarly, and the fish MMI-environment relationships were stronger than macroinvertebrate MMI-environment relationships. Among ecoregions, the strongest environmental relationships were observed in the Northern Appalachians and the weakest in the Southern Plains. The fish and macroinvertebrate MMIs were only weakly correlated with each other, and they generally responded more strongly to different groups of variables. These results support the use of multiple assemblages and the sampling of multiple environmental indicators in ecological assessments across large spatial extents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean C. Sifneos
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Robert M. Hughes
- Amnis Opes Institute & Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - David V. Peck
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA
| | - Richard M. Mitchell
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, MC 4502T, Washington, DC 20460
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16
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Veras DS, Castro ER, Lustosa GS, de Azevêdo CAS, Juen L. Evaluating the habitat integrity index as a potential surrogate for monitoring the water quality of streams in the cerrado-caatinga ecotone in northern Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:562. [PMID: 31410581 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7667-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have long been altering the natural conditions of streams, including the quality of their water, throughout most of Brazil. This problem is even worse in regions with low rainfall levels, such as the Brazilian Northeast, where water quality needs to be monitored more carefully. In this context, the present study investigated the effects of environmental integrity on the physicochemical characteristics of the streams of the basin of the Itapecuru River in northeastern Brazil. We tested the hypothesis that streams with lower habitat integrity would have higher conductivity, pH, and temperature, due to the reduced input of allochthonous organic matter and the greater washout of sediments to the stream bed. A total of 15 streams, of a sedimentary basin, were evaluated in the municipality of Caxias, in the Brazilian state of Maranhão, between June 2015, and July 2016; each stream was sampled once a month during the drought period in the region, where physicochemical measurements were taken to determine the environmental integrity of the stream through the application of a habitat integrity index. Streams with greater habitat integrity had lower conductivity, pH, and temperature and had higher discharge rates. The index proved to be not an effective tool for the evaluation of water quality, but was found to be important for the management of hydrographic basins by indicating important changes in environmental variables. In this case, the index can be used primarily for the management of hydrographic basins, given that it can be applied straightforwardly, it can be interpreted easily by decision-makers, and it can quantify alterations to the structure of the system with precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Silas Veras
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Comunidades e Limnologia, Instituto Federal do Maranhão, Campus Caxias, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Elizete Ribeiro Castro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Campus Caxias, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Santana Lustosa
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Comunidades e Limnologia, Instituto Federal do Maranhão, Campus Caxias, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Silva de Azevêdo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Campus Caxias, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Leandro Juen
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservacão, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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