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Zhang Y, Chang F, Junaid M, Ju H, Qin Y, Yin L, Liu J, Zhang J, Diao X. Distribution, sources, ecological and human health risks of organic ultraviolet filters in coastal waters and beach deposits in Hainan, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 359:124610. [PMID: 39053805 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Organic ultraviolet filters (OUVFs) are extensively incorporated into both cosmetic items and industrial products and have been commonly found in water ecosystems. This study aims to examine the environmental levels, sources, ecological and human health risks of 14 commonly used OUVFs both in coastal water and beach deposit samples collected from the nearshore regions of Hainan Island and the South China Sea. This is first study highlighting the contamination of OUVFs in Hainan Island and utilizing economic and tourism data to confirm the potential source of OUVF pollution in costal aquatic and coastal ecosystem. Along the coastal tourist regions of Hainan Island, the median concentrations in coastal waters and beach deposits of these OUVFs fall within the range from 1.2 to 53.2 ng/L and 0.2-17.0 ng/g dw, respectively. In coastal water and beach deposit, the concentration of BP-3 was the highest, with median concentrations of 53.2 ng/L and 17.0 ng/g dw, respectively. Regarding human health risks, the daily intake of all 14 OUVFs through swimming was found to be 40-48 ng/kg/day. Ecological risk assessment indicates that BP-3 presents a medium risk for marine microalgae with a concurrent low risk for corals. The correlation analysis underscores a substantial interrelation of OUVFs in both coastal waters and beach deposits with various economic indicators, including annual rainfall, overnight tourists, total hotel rooms (unit), room occupancy rate, and sewage treatment capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankun Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China; College of Life Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Fengtong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Hanye Ju
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China; College of Life Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Yongqiang Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China; College of Life Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Lianzheng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China; College of Life Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Jiliang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China; College of Life Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Xiaoping Diao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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Li B, Yao Z, Zhao F, Meng B, Ma Z, Li C. Occurrence of organic ultraviolet absorbers in the particle and gas samples from plastic greenhouses: Human inhalation intake risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134801. [PMID: 38843630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The environmental pollution of organic ultraviolet absorbers (UVAs) has attracted global attention. However, the distribution, sources and risk assessment of UVAs in air from plastic greenhouses are rarely reported. This study was the first to investigate the concentrations of ten UVAs in the air samples from plastic greenhouses. The total concentrations of ten UVAs (∑10UVAs) in the air samples ranged from 5.7 × 103 ng/m3 to 6.3 × 103 ng/m3 (median 5.7 × 103 ng/m3) in greenhouses covered with biodegradable mulch film, 288.2 ng/m3 to 376.4 ng/m3 (median 333.9 ng/m3) in greenhouses covered with PE mulch film, and 97.9 ng/m3 to 142.6 ng/m3 (median 114.9 ng/m3) in greenhouses covered without mulch film. The concentrations of ten UVAs in 65 commercial agricultural films were simultaneously analyzed. Additionally, the potential health risks for greenhouse workers exposed to UVAs were estimated. And the migration simulations showed that the health risk in greenhouses may be higher even if only one UVA is added to the biodegradable mulch film. Therefore, the exposure risk of UVAs in plastic greenhouses needs to be highly prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingru Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Boyuan Meng
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhihong Ma
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Cheng Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100097, China.
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Lorigo M, Quintaneiro C, Breitenfeld L, Cairrao E. Exposure to UV-B filter octylmethoxycinnamate and human health effects: Focus on endocrine disruptor actions. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142218. [PMID: 38704047 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Human skin is the first line of photoprotection against UV radiation. However, despite having its defence mechanisms, the photoprotection that the skin exerts is not enough. To protect human skin, the inclusion of UV filters in the cosmetic industry has grown significantly as a photoprotection strategy. Octylmethoxycinnamate, also designated by octinoxate, or 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate (CAS number: 5466-77-3) is one of the most widely used UV-B filter in the cosmetic industry. The toxic effects of OMC have alarmed the public, but there is still no consensus in the scientific community about its use. This article aims to provide an overview of the UV filters' photoprotection, emphasizing the OMC and the possible negative effects it may have on the public health. Moreover, the current legislation will be addressed. In summary, the recommendations should be rethought to assess their risk-benefit, since the existing literature warns us to endocrine-disrupting effects of OMC. Further studies should be focus on the toxicity of OMC alone, in mixture and should consider its degradation products, to improve the knowledge of its risk assessment as EDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Lorigo
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Carla Quintaneiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Luiza Breitenfeld
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Elisa Cairrao
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Sadr N, Qayyum R. Sunscreen compound benzophenone-3 and its relationship with white blood cell counts. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13744. [PMID: 38771547 PMCID: PMC11107877 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from animal models suggests a role for the organic ultraviolet filter benzophenone-3's (BP-3) on white blood cells (WBCs). However, BP-3's effect on WBCs in humans is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2003 to 2016. We included participants >6 years with data on urinary BP-3, urinary creatinine, and WBC count. Quintiles of urinary creatinine-normalized BP-3 (CnBP-3) levels were used in linear regression models adjusting for age, gender, race, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, education level, family income to poverty threshold ratio, survey cycle, and season. RESULTS Of the 16 959 participants, 8564 (50.5%) were females, 6602 (38.9%) were White, and 3870 (22.8%) were Black. The mean (standard deviation) age was 37.6 (22.7) years, BMI was 26.8 (7.40) kg/m2, WBC count was 7.22 (2.53) × 109/L, neutrophil count was 4.15 (1.86) × 109/L, and lymphocyte count was 2.25 (1.33) × 109/L and median (interquartile range) of CnBP-3 was 12.1 (44.9) µg/gm. The highest quintile of CnBP-3 was associated with significantly lower WBC and neutrophil counts compared to the lowest quintile of CnBP-3 (Δ quintiles = -137 × 106/L, 95% CI: -249 to -24, p = 0.02 and = -177 × 106/L, 95% CI: -323 to -30, p = 0.02, respectively). In contrast, we did not observe a difference in lymphocyte count between the lowest and highest quintiles of CnBP-3 in unadjusted or adjusted analyses. CONCLUSION We found an inverse relationship between BP-3 levels and WBC and neutrophil counts, and not with lymphocyte count. Further research is needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargiza Sadr
- Department of MedicineEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - Rehan Qayyum
- Department of MedicineEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
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Marumure J, Simbanegavi TT, Makuvara Z, Karidzagundi R, Alufasi R, Goredema M, Gufe C, Chaukura N, Halabowski D, Gwenzi W. Emerging organic contaminants in drinking water systems: Human intake, emerging health risks, and future research directions. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141699. [PMID: 38554874 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Few earlier reviews on emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) in drinking water systems (DWS) focused on their detection, behaviour, removal and fate. Reviews on multiple exposure pathways, human intake estimates, and health risks including toxicokinetics, and toxicodynamics of EOCs in DWS are scarce. This review presents recent advances in human intake and health risks of EOCs in DWS. First, an overview of the evidence showing that DWS harbours a wide range of EOCs is presented. Multiple human exposure to EOCs occurs via ingestion of drinking water and beverages, inhalation and dermal pathways are discussed. A potential novel exposure may occur via the intravenous route in dialysis fluids. Analysis of global data on pharmaceutical pollution in rivers showed that the cumulative concentrations (μg L-1) of pharmaceuticals (mean ± standard error of the mean) were statistically more than two times significantly higher (p = 0.011) in South America (11.68 ± 5.29), Asia (9.97 ± 3.33), Africa (9.48 ± 2.81) and East Europe (8.09 ± 4.35) than in high-income regions (2.58 ± 0.48). Maximum cumulative concentrations of pharmaceuticals (μg L-1) decreased in the order; Asia (70.7) had the highest value followed by South America (68.8), Africa (51.3), East Europe (32.0) and high-income regions (17.1) had the least concentration. The corresponding human intake via ingestion of untreated river water was also significantly higher in low- and middle-income regions than in their high-income counterparts. For each region, the daily intake of pharmaceuticals was highest in infants, followed by children and then adults. A critique of the human health hazards, including toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of EOCs is presented. Emerging health hazards of EOCs in DWS include; (1) long-term latent and intergenerational effects, (2) the interactive health effects of EOC mixtures, (3) the challenges of multifinality and equifinality, and (4) the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis. Finally, research needs on human health hazards of EOCs in DWS are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerikias Marumure
- Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe; Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa
| | - Tinoziva T Simbanegavi
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Environment, and Food Systems, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Zakio Makuvara
- Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe; Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa
| | - Rangarirayi Karidzagundi
- Materials Development Unit, Zimbabwe Open University, P.O. Box MP1119 Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Richwell Alufasi
- Biological Sciences Department, Bindura University of Science Education, 741 Chimurenga Road, Off Trojan Road, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe
| | - Marvelous Goredema
- Biological Sciences Department, Bindura University of Science Education, 741 Chimurenga Road, Off Trojan Road, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe
| | - Claudious Gufe
- Department of Veterinary Technical Services, Central Veterinary Laboratories, Box CY55, 18A Borrowdale Road, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley, 8301, South Africa
| | - Dariusz Halabowski
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Willis Gwenzi
- Currently: Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, 380, New Adylin, Westgate, Harare, Zimbabwe; Formerly: Alexander von Humboldt Fellow & Guest/Visiting Professor, Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Universität Kassel, Steinstraße 19, D-37213, Witzenhausen, Germany; Formerly: Alexander von Humboldt Fellow and Guest Professor, Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik und Bioökonomie e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany.
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6
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Lyu Y, He Y, Li Y, Tang Z. Tissue-specific distributions of organic ultraviolet absorbents in free-range chickens and domestic pigeons from Guangzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118108. [PMID: 38184061 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The ecological risks of organic ultraviolet absorbents (UVAs) have been of increasing concern. Studies have found that these chemicals could be accumulated in terrestrial animals and pose toxicities. However, tissue distribution of UVAs in terrestrial species was far from well understood. In this study, free-range chickens and domestic pigeons were selected to investigate the occurrence and tissue distribution of UVAs. Total concentrations of eleven UVAs in muscles ranged from 778 to 2874 (mean 1413 ± 666) ng/g lipid weight, which were higher than those in aquatic species worldwide. Since low UVA concentrations in local environment were previously reported, the results implied the strong accumulation of UVAs in studied species. Brain, stomach and kidney were main target organs for studied UVAs, differentiating from the strong liver sequestration in aquatic species. The mean tissue-to-muscle ratios of 1.02-4.23 further indicated the preferential accumulation of target UVAs in these tissues. The tissue-to-blood ratios of benzophenone (BP), 2-ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS) and homosalate (HMS) in brain were 370, 1207 and 52.0, respectively, implying their preferential accumulation in brain. More research is needed to characterize the toxicokinetics and tissue distribution of UVAs in terrestrial wild species, in order to further understand their potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, PR China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, PR China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Yonghong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, PR China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Zhenwu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, PR China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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Nie Y, Liu H, Wu R, Fan J, Yang Y, Zhao W, Bao J, You Z, He F, Li Y. Interference with SPARC inhibits Benzophenone-3 induced ferroptosis in osteoarthritis: Evidence from bioinformatics analyses and biological experimentation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116217. [PMID: 38489904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to conduct a thorough evaluation of the association between Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) exposure and OA, offering critical insights into the underlying mechanisms involved. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database was utilized to investigate the correlation between BP-3 and osteoarthritis. Proteomic sequencing from clinical sample and the PharmMapper online tool were employed to predict the biological target of BP-3. Cellular molecular assays and transfection studies were performed to verify the prediction from bioinformatics analyses. Through cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES database, we identified BP-3 as a risk factor for OA development. The results of proteomic sequencing showed that Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) was significantly elevated in the area of damage compared to the undamaged area. SPARC was also among the potential biological targets of BP-3 predicted by the online program. Through in vitro cell experiments, we further determined that the toxicological effects of BP-3 may be due to SPARC, which elevates intracellular GPX4 levels, activates the glutathione system, and promotes lipid peroxidation to mitigate ferroptosis. Inhibiting SPARC expression has been shown to reduce inflammation and ferroptosis in OA contexts. This research provides an expansive understanding of BP-3's influence on osteoarthritis development. We have identified SPARC as a potent target for combating chondrocyte ferroptosis in BP-3-associated osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Nie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Houpu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Runtao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiayao Fan
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Wenxia Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiapeng Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhenqiang You
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Fan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China
| | - Yingjun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Wang W, He QT, Chen YF, Wang BH, Xu WY, Liu QL, Liu HM. Anti-UV Microgel Based on Interfacial Polymerization to Decrease Skin Irritation of High Permeability UV Absorber Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate. Gels 2024; 10:177. [PMID: 38534595 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) is frequently employed as a photoprotective agent in sunscreen formulations. EHMC has been found to potentially contribute to health complications as a result of its propensity to produce irritation and permeate the skin. A microgel carrier, consisting of poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (pEDGMA), was synthesized using interfacial polymerization with the aim of reducing the irritation and penetration of EHMC. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the EHMC content accounted for 75.72% of the total composition. Additionally, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images depicted the microgel as exhibiting a spherical morphology. In this study, the loading of EHMC was demonstrated through FTIR and contact angle tests. The UV resistance, penetration, and skin irritation of the EHMC-pEDGMA microgel were additionally assessed. The investigation revealed that the novel sunscreen compound, characterized by limited dermal absorption, had no irritant effects and offered sufficient protection against ultraviolet radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
- Engineering Research Center of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Qi-Tong He
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yin-Feng Chen
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Bai-Hui Wang
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Wen-Ying Xu
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Qing-Lei Liu
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
- Engineering Research Center of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
- Engineering Research Center of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201418, China
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9
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Lorigo M, Quintaneiro C, Breitenfeld L, Cairrao E. Effects associated with exposure to the emerging contaminant octyl-methoxycinnamate (a UV-B filter) in the aquatic environment: a review. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2024; 27:55-72. [PMID: 38146151 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2296897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Given the increasing concern surrounding ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced skin damage, there has been a rise in demand for UV filters. Currently, UV-filters are considered emerging contaminants. The extensive production and use of UV filters have led to their widespread release into the aquatic environment. Thus, there is growing concern that UV filters may bioaccumulate and exhibit persistent properties within the environment, raising several safety health concerns. Octyl-methoxycinnamate (OMC) is extensively employed as a UV-B filter in the cosmetic industry. While initially designed to mitigate the adverse photobiological effects attributed to UV radiation, the safety of OMC has been questioned with some studies reporting toxic effects on environment. The aim of this review to provide an overview of the scientific information regarding the most widely used organic UV-filter (OMC), and its effects on biodiversity and aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Lorigo
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Carla Quintaneiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luiza Breitenfeld
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elisa Cairrao
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Lorigo M, Mangana C, Cairrao E. Disrupting effects of the emerging contaminant octylmethoxycinnamate (OMC) on human umbilical artery relaxation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122302. [PMID: 37536478 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the number one cause of death worldwide. The vascular endothelium may play a role in the pathophysiology of CVD diseases. Octylmethoxycinnamate (OMC) is a UV-B filter (CAS number: 5466-77-3) widely used worldwide in numerous personal care products, including sunscreens, daily creams, and makeup. This UV-B filter is considered an endocrine disruptor. Therefore, this investigation aimed to evaluate the direct effects of OMC in human umbilical arteries (HUAs) with endothelium and the possible mechanisms involved in the response. The results demonstrated that OMC exerts a rapid (non-genomic) and endothelium-dependent arterial relaxant effect on HUAs previously contracted with serotonin (5-HT) and Histamine (His). On the other hand, when HUAs were contracted with potassium chloride (KCl), the relaxing effect was only observed in HUAs without endothelium, and it appeared to be inhibited in HUAs with endothelium. Thus, the vasorelaxant effect of OMC depends on the endothelium and depends on the contractile agent used, suggesting that OMC may act through different signaling pathways. Furthermore, computational modulation studies, corroborated the binding of OMC to all the proteins under investigation (eNOS, COX-2, ET-1, and TxA2), with higher affinity for COX-2. In summary, the vascular effect of OMC may involve activating different pathways, i.e., acting through the NO pathway, COX pathway, or activating the endothelin-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Lorigo
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS - UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; C4-UBI, Cloud Computing Competence Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-501, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Carolina Mangana
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS - UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Elisa Cairrao
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS - UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; C4-UBI, Cloud Computing Competence Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-501, Covilhã, Portugal.
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11
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Tkalec Ž, Runkel AA, Kosjek T, Horvat M, Heath E. Contaminants of emerging concern in urine: a review of analytical methods for determining diisocyanates, benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, isothiazolinones, fragrances, and non-phthalate plasticizers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:95106-95138. [PMID: 37597142 PMCID: PMC10482756 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Human biomonitoring (HBM) frameworks assess human exposure to hazardous chemicals. In this review, we discuss and summarize sample preparation procedures and analytical methodology for six groups of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs), namely diisocyanates, benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, isothiazolinones, fragrances, and non-phthalate plasticizers, which are increasingly detected in urine, however, are not yet widely included in HBM schemes, despite posing a risk to human health. The sample preparation procedures depend largely on the chemical group; however, solid-phase extraction (SPE) is most often used due to the minimized sample handling, lower sample volume, and generally achieving lower limits of quantification (LOQs) compared to other extraction techniques. In terms of sample analysis, LC-based methods generally achieve lower limits of quantification (LOQs) compared to GC-based methods for the selected six groups of chemicals owing to their broader chemical coverage. In conclusion, since these chemicals are expected to be more frequently included in future HBM studies, it becomes evident that there is a pressing need for rigorous quality assurance programs to ensure better comparability of data. These programs should include the reporting of measurement uncertainty and facilitate inter-laboratory comparisons among the reporting laboratories. In addition, high-resolution mass spectrometry should be more commonly employed to enhance the specificity and selectivity of the applied analytical methodology since it is underrepresented in HBM. Furthermore, due to the scarcity of data on the levels of these CECs in urine, large population HBM studies are necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Tkalec
- Department of Environmental Sciences (O2), Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Agneta Annika Runkel
- Department of Environmental Sciences (O2), Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Kosjek
- Department of Environmental Sciences (O2), Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milena Horvat
- Department of Environmental Sciences (O2), Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ester Heath
- Department of Environmental Sciences (O2), Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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12
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Weiss V, Gobec M, Jakopin Ž. In vitro investigation of immunomodulatory activities of selected UV-filters. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 174:113684. [PMID: 36813152 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Organic UV filters are ubiquitous as they are used in numerous personal care products. Consequently, people constantly come into direct or indirect contact with these chemicals. Albeit studies of the effects of UV filters on human health have been undertaken, their toxicological profiles are not complete. In this work, we investigated the immunomodulatory properties of eight UV filters representing different chemotypes, including benzophenone-1, benzophenone-3, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, octyldimethyl-para-aminobenzoic acid, octyl salate, butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane, 3-benzylidenecamphor, and 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(5-chlorobenzotriazol-2-yl)phenol. We demonstrated that none of these UV filters were cytotoxic to THP-1 cells at concentrations up to 50 μM. Importantly, our study highlighted the capacity of nontoxic concentrations of avobenzone and 3-benzylidene camphor to increase the secretion of interleukin 8 (IL-8) from both THP-1 cells and THP-1 derived macrophages. Further, they also exhibited a pronounced decrease of IL-6 and IL-10 release from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The observed immune cell alterations suggest that exposure to 3-BC and BMDM could be involved in immune deregulation. Our research thus provided additional insight into UV filter safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Weiss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Gobec
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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13
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Mustieles V, Balogh RK, Axelstad M, Montazeri P, Márquez S, Vrijheid M, Draskau MK, Taxvig C, Peinado FM, Berman T, Frederiksen H, Fernández MF, Marie Vinggaard A, Andersson AM. Benzophenone-3: Comprehensive review of the toxicological and human evidence with meta-analysis of human biomonitoring studies. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 173:107739. [PMID: 36805158 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and its major metabolite benzophenone-1 (BP-1) are widely used as UV filters in sunscreens and cosmetics to prevent sunburn and skin damage, or as stabilizers to prevent photodegradation in many commercial products. As a result, their presence is ubiquitous in the environment, wildlife and humans. Based on endocrine disruption concerns, international regulatory agencies are performing a closer evaluation. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS This work aimed to comprehensively review the available human relevant evidence for safety issues in MEDLINE/PubMed in order to create a structured database of studies, as well as to conduct an integrative analysis as part of the Human Biomonitoring for Europe (HBM4EU) Initiative. RESULTS A total of 1,635 titles and abstracts were screened and 254 references were evaluated and tabulated in detail, and classified in different categories: i) exposure sources and predictors; ii) human biomonitoring (HBM) exposure levels to perform a meta-analysis; iii) toxicokinetic data in both experimental animals and humans; iv) in vitro and in vivo rodent toxicity studies; and v) human data on effect biomarkers and health outcomes. Our integrative analysis showed that internal peak BP-3 concentrations achieved after a single whole-body application of a commercially available sunscreen (4% w/w) may overlap with concentrations eliciting endocrine disrupting effects in vitro, and with internal concentrations causing in vivo adverse female reproductive effects in rodents that were supported by still limited human data. The adverse effects in rodents included prolonged estrous cycle, altered uterine estrogen receptor gene expression, endometrium hyperplasia and altered proliferation and histology of the mammary gland, while human data indicated menstrual cycle hormonal alterations and increased risk of uterine fibroids and endometriosis. Among the modes of action reported (estrogenic, anti-androgenic, thyroid, etc.), BP-3 and especially BP-1 showed estrogenic activity at human-relevant concentrations, in agreement with the observed alterations in female reproductive endpoints. The meta-analysis of HBM studies identified a higher concern for North Americans, showing urinary BP-3 concentrations on average 10 and 20 times higher than European and Asian populations, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our work supports that these benzophenones present endocrine disrupting properties, endorsing recent European regulatory efforts to limit human exposure. The reproducible and comprehensive database generated may constitute a point of departure in future risk assessments to support regulatory initiatives. Meanwhile, individuals should not refrain from sunscreen use. Commercially available formulations using inorganic UV filters that are practically not absorbed into systemic circulation may be recommended to susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Mustieles
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Ria K Balogh
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta Axelstad
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Parisa Montazeri
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Márquez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica K Draskau
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Camilla Taxvig
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Francisco M Peinado
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Tamar Berman
- Department of Environmental Health, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem 9101002, Israel
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mariana F Fernández
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | | | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wang F, Liu J, An Q, Wang Y, Yang Y, Huo T, Yang S, Ju R, Quan Q. Aloe Extracts Inhibit Skin Inflammatory Responses by Regulating NF-κB, ERK, and JNK Signaling Pathways in an LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophages Model. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:267-278. [PMID: 36742263 PMCID: PMC9891070 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s391741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Inflammation generally refers to the body's defensive response to stimuli, and skin inflammation is still one of the major problems that affect human physical and mental health. While current pharmacological treatments are reported to have cytotoxicity and various side effects, herbal medicines with few side effects and low cytotoxicity are considered as alternative therapeutic approaches. Methods In order to investigate anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of ALOE, the potential cytotoxicity of A. vera extracts (ALOE) was determined in vitro at first. The production of the pro-inflammatory proteins (ie, IL-6, TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and ultraviolet A (UVA)-stimulated HaCaT and RAW264.7 cells were then treated with ALOE to test its inhibitory effects using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To further explore the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of ALOE, quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) was used to analyze the mRNA expression of inflammatory genes iNOS, COX-2 and NO production. For NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways analysis, Western blotting and nuclear fluorescence staining were used to evaluate the expression of key factors. Results ALOE did not exhibit obvious cytotoxicity (0-3 mg/mL) in vitro. ALOE was able to inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and functioned more prominently in LPS-induced model. ALOE could also suppress the mRNA expression of LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 and further down-regulate NO level. Furthermore, ALOE reduced the protein expression of P65 in NF-κB signaling pathway and suppressed LPS-induced activation of ERK and JNK, instead of p38 MAPK pathway. Conclusion Taken together, these results demonstrated that ALOE is a potential treatment in suppressing LPS-stimulated inflammation reactions targeting NF-κB, JNK and ERK signaling pathways. The anti-inflammatory effects of ALOE indicated that it has the potential to become an effective cosmetic ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Research and Development Department, Yunnan Baiyao Group Health Products Co., Ltd., Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- East Asia Skin Health Research Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Research and Development Department, REAL DermaSci & Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jitao Liu
- Research and Development Department, Yunnan Baiyao Group Health Products Co., Ltd., Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- East Asia Skin Health Research Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Research and Development Department, REAL DermaSci & Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan An
- Research and Development Department, Yunnan Baiyao Group Health Products Co., Ltd., Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- East Asia Skin Health Research Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Research and Development Department, REAL DermaSci & Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Research and Development Department, Yunnan Baiyao Group Shanghai Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Research and Development Department, Yunnan Baiyao Group Health Products Co., Ltd., Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- East Asia Skin Health Research Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Research and Development Department, REAL DermaSci & Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Research and Development Department, Yunnan Baiyao Group Health Products Co., Ltd., Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- East Asia Skin Health Research Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Research and Development Department, REAL DermaSci & Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Huo
- Research and Development Department, Yunnan Baiyao Group Health Products Co., Ltd., Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- East Asia Skin Health Research Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Research and Development Department, REAL DermaSci & Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Simin Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Enze Biomass Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruijun Ju
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Enze Biomass Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianghua Quan
- Research and Development Department, Yunnan Baiyao Group Health Products Co., Ltd., Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- East Asia Skin Health Research Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Research and Development Department, REAL DermaSci & Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Research and Development Department, Yunnan Baiyao Group Shanghai Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Lyu Y, Li G, He Y, Li Y, Tang Z. Occurrence and distribution of organic ultraviolet absorbents in soils and plants from a typical industrial area in South China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157383. [PMID: 35843326 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic ultraviolet absorbents (UVAs) have attracted increasing concern due to their ubiquity, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. However, available information on their occurrence and transfer in terrestrial environment is still extremely insufficient. In this study, we investigated twelve UVAs in the soils and five terrestrial plant species from a typical industrial area in South China, and found their total concentrations were 5.87-76.1 (median 13.1) and 17.9-269 (median 82.9) ng/g dry weight, respectively. Homosalate was dominant in soils while benzophenone and octrizole were predominant in plants, likely due to their complex sources and bioaccumulation preferences. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were further evaluated based on the ratios of UVA concentrations in plants and soils. The observed BAFs of UVAs were compound and species-specific, and most of them were much >1.0, indicating the chemicals could be transferred from soils to plants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of organic UVAs in field soil-plant systems, providing information that may improve our understanding of the bioaccumulability of these chemicals in terrestrial environment and the associated risks. More studies are needed to investigate the transfer and bioaccumulation of such chemicals in soils and terrestrial biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Guanghui Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yonghong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhenwu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
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16
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Lorigo M, Cairrao E. UV-B filter octylmethoxycinnamate-induced vascular endothelial disruption on rat aorta: In silico and in vitro approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135807. [PMID: 35931261 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Throughout human life, an extensive and varied range of emerging environmental contaminants, called endocrine disruptors (EDCs), cause adverse health effects, including in the cardiovascular (CV) system. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are worryingly one of the leading causes of all mortality and mobility worldwide. The UV-B filter octylmethoxycinnamate (also designated octinoxate, or ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (CAS number: 5466-77-3)) is an EDC widely present in all personal care products. However, to date, there are no studies evaluating the OMC-induced effects on vasculature using animal models to improve human cardiovascular health. This work analysed the effects of OMC on rat aorta vasculature and explored the modes of action implicated in these effects. Our results indicated that OMC relaxes the rat aorta by endothelium-dependent mechanisms through the signaling pathways of cyclic nucleotides and by endothelium-independent mechanisms involving inhibition of L-Type voltage-operated Ca2+ channels (L-Type VOCC). Overall, OMC toxicity on rat aorta may produce hypotension via vasodilation due to excessive NO release and blockade of L-Type VOCC. Moreover, the OMC-induced endothelial dysfunction may also occur by promoting the endothelial release of endothelin-1. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that exposure to OMC alters the reactivity of the rat aorta and highlight that long-term OMC exposure may increase the risk of human CV diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Lorigo
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS - UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; C4-UBI, Cloud Computing Competence Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-501, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Elisa Cairrao
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS - UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; C4-UBI, Cloud Computing Competence Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-501, Covilhã, Portugal.
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17
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Organic UV Filters Induce Toll-like-Receptors and Related Signaling Pathways in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Juvenile Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050594. [PMID: 35268162 PMCID: PMC8909695 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Emerging environmental contaminants, such as sunscreen agents, have been broadly identified in marine ecosystems. Thus, the present work aims to investigate whether organic UV filters cause immunotoxic effects in juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). We found that loggerhead sea turtles showing high circulating levels of organic UV filters manifested increased expression of genes involved in inflammatory responses, probably due to contaminant-induced oxidative damage. Abstract Recent evidence suggests that exposure to organic ultraviolet filters (UV filters) is associated with dysregulated neuroendocrine-immune homeostasis. Marine species are likely to be among the most vulnerable to UV filters due to widespread diffusion of these chemicals in the aquatic environment. In the present study, the effects of UV filter bioaccumulation on toll-like-receptors (TLRs) and related signaling pathways were investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). We found that the expression of both TLR1 and TLR2 was significantly increased in UV-filter exposed turtles compared to control animals. Similarly, the signaling pathway downstream of activated TLRs (i.e., Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1), Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT3), and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)) was significantly up-regulated, leading to an enhanced transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, we demonstrated that high levels of plasma UV filters increased lipid peroxidation in sea turtles’ PBMCs. Our results indicated that UV filters affected the inflammatory responses of PBMCs via modulation of the TLR/NF-κB signaling pathway and provided a new insight into the link between exposure to sunscreen agents and sea turtle health.
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Li N, Jiang S. Avobenzone and nanoplastics affect the development of zebrafish nervous system and retinal system and inhibit their locomotor behavior. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150681. [PMID: 34599957 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of cosmetics is growing with each passing day, arousing widespread attention to their ingredients. Avobenzone (AVO) and nanoplastics (NPs) are typical ingredients in cosmetics, which coexist in the aquatic environment and have a combined effect on aquatic organisms. In this study, the accumulation of AVO and NPs in zebrafish larvae and effects on gene expression and enzymatic activity related to nervous functions, and locomotor behavior were investigated. AVO and NPs accumulated continuously in zebrafish, and the combined exposure enhanced AVO accumulation. After recovery, the accumulated concentrations of AVO and NPs in zebrafish remained unchanged, suggesting that AVO and NPs could not be eliminated in 72 h. The genes regulated nervous system development were affected mainly by AVO exposure, while the genes regulated retinal system development were affected by NPs exposure. Single and combined exposures of AVO and NPs affected the activities of acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzymes in zebrafish, and superoxide dismutase activity could not return to normal level after 72 h of recovery period. The locomotor activity of zebrafish larvae was significantly inhibited by AVO and NPs, which might be related to the alterations in functions of nervous system development and retinal system development as well as the interference of neurotransmitter system and antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Shengnan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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Lyu Y, Zhong F, Tang Z, He Y, Han X. Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of organic ultraviolet absorbents in the food web of a freshwater lake: Implications for risk estimation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118612. [PMID: 34863893 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic ultraviolet absorbents (UVAs) are increasingly reported in environmental matrices and organisms. However, available information on the bioaccumulation of UVAs in freshwater species is insufficient and their trophodynamics in lake food webs remain unknown. We measured the concentrations of twelve UVAs in the wild species from Lake Chaohu. Except for UV-320 not detected, the other UVAs were prevalent in the study species and their total concentrations were in the range of 5.44-131 ng/g dry weight, which were comparable to the concentrations reported in other waters. Compound and species-specific accumulations of UVAs in the organisms were observed. In the lake, the log-transformed concentrations of 4-methyl benzylidene camphor, octyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate, UV-326, and UV-327 related significantly to the trophic levels of species separately. The calculated trophic magnification factors (TMFs) of the four UVAs were 3.79, implying trophic magnification, and 0.18, 0.40 and 0.58, suggesting trophic dilution, respectively. These suggested that the magnification potential and the associated risks of individual UVAs in freshwater lake differed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of these TMFs in lake food webs. However, more investigation is needed to characterize their trophodynamic behaviors in lakes because food web characteristics likely affect trophic transfer of these chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Fuyong Zhong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Zhenwu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xue Han
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
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da Silva JF, Corrêa DS, Campos ÉL, Leite GZ, de Oliveira JDM, Fachini J, da Silva J, Obach ES, Campo LF, Grivicich I, de Amorim HLN, Picada JN. Evaluation of toxicological aspects of three new benzoxazole compounds with sunscreen photophysical properties using in silico and in vitro methods. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 79:105300. [PMID: 34933087 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sunscreening chemicals protect against damage caused by sunlight most absorbing UVA or UVB radiations. In this sense, 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole derivatives with amino substituents in the 4' and 5' positions have an outstandingly high Sun Protection Factor and adequate photostability, but their toxicity is not yet known. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of three synthetic 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole derivatives for their possible application as sunscreens. In silico tools were used in order to assess potential risks regarding mutagenic, carcinogenic, and skin sensitizing potential. Bioassays were performed in L929 cells to assess cytotoxicity in MTT assay and genotoxic activities in the Comet assay and micronucleus test. Also, the Salmonella/microsome assay was performed to evaluate gene mutations. The in silico predictions indicate a low risk of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of the compounds while the skin sensitizing potential was low or inconclusive. The 2-(4'-amino-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazol compound was the most cytotoxic and genotoxic among the compounds evaluated in L929 cells, but none induced mutations in the Salmonella/microsome assay. The amino substituted at the 4' position of the phenyl ring appears to have greater toxicological risks than substituents at the 5' position of 2-(phenyl)benzoxazole. The findings warrant further studies of these compounds in cosmetic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jâmeson Ferreira da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Produto e Desenvolvimento (CEPPED), Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Dione Silva Corrêa
- Centro de Pesquisa em Produto e Desenvolvimento (CEPPED), Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Érico Leite Campos
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Produto e Desenvolvimento (CEPPED), Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Giovana Zamprônio Leite
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Produto e Desenvolvimento (CEPPED), Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - João Denis Medeiros de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean Fachini
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Genetica Toxicológica, Universidade La Salle, Av. Victor Barreto, 2288, CEP: 92010-000 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliane Sempé Obach
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Leandra Franciscato Campo
- Laboratório de Novos Materiais Orgânicos e Quimica Forense, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CEP: 90650-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivana Grivicich
- Laboratório de Biologia do Câncer, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Jaqueline Nascimento Picada
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Novos Materiais Orgânicos e Quimica Forense, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CEP: 90650-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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21
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Lorigo M, Cairrao E. Fetoplacental vasculature as a model to study human cardiovascular endocrine disruption. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 87:101054. [PMID: 34839931 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has associated the exposure of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with the cardiovascular (CV) system. This exposure is particularly problematic in a sensitive window of development, pregnancy. Pregnancy exposome can affect the overall health of the pregnancy by dramatic changes in vascular physiology and endocrine activity, increasing maternal susceptibility. Moreover, fetoplacental vascular function is generally altered, increasing the risk of developing pregnancy complications (including cardiovascular diseases, CVD) and predisposing the foetus to adverse health risks later in life. Thus, our review summarizes the existing literature on exposures to EDCs during pregnancy and adverse maternal health outcomes, focusing on the human placenta, vein, and umbilical artery associated with pregnancy complications. The purpose of this review is to highlight the role of fetoplacental vasculature as a model for the study of human cardiovascular endocrine disruption. Therefore, we emphasize that the placenta, together with the umbilical arteries and veins, allows a better characterization of the pregnant woman's exposome. Consequently, it contributes to the protection of the mother and foetus against CV disorders in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Lorigo
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS - UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elisa Cairrao
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS - UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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22
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Downs CA, DiNardo J, Stien D, Rodrigues AMS, Lebaron P. Response to the Letter to the Editor by Dr. Christian Surber. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1938-1943. [PMID: 34378916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C A Downs
- Haereticus Environmental Laboratory, Clifford, Virginia 24533, United States.,Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, USR3579, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 66650 Banyuls-sur-mer, France
| | - Joseph DiNardo
- Independent Researcher, Vesuvius, Virginia 24484, United States
| | - Didier Stien
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, USR3579, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 66650 Banyuls-sur-mer, France
| | - Alice M S Rodrigues
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, USR3579, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 66650 Banyuls-sur-mer, France
| | - Philippe Lebaron
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, USR3579, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 66650 Banyuls-sur-mer, France
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23
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Li J, Yuan T, Ma Y, Shen Z, Tian Y, Gao L, Dong X. Acute toxicity assessment of indoor dust extracts by luminescent bacteria assays with Photobacterium Phosphoreum T 3. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:110447. [PMID: 33186576 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, there has been an increasing concern about the human exposure to indoor dust. Therefore, it is imperative to assess the toxicity of indoor dust and associated dust extracts. In this study, the acute toxicity assessment of indoor dust was performed using a bioluminescence test, with Photobacterium phosphoreum T3 (PPT3) chosen as the test bacterium. The different indoor dust samples were collected from residences, offices, dormitories and laboratories in Shanghai, China. Our data reveal that PPT3 is more active to water-soluble ions and organic contaminants at low concentrations, while extract solutions elicit increased bacterial toxicity at high concentrations. The results of a bioluminescence assay by PPT3 indicated that the dust organic extracts exhibited increased toxicity compared with the water exacts. Dust extracts from the laboratory exhibited the greatest bacterial toxicity when compared with office, dormitory and residence samples. Moreover, office dust exhibited higher bacterial toxicity than residence dust. Furthermore, the comprehensive toxicity of dust on PPT3 was assessed by extracts toxicity -addition (i.e. IRaddition). The calculated values were close to the corresponding experimental data. The bioluminescence test showed the indoor dust samples are weakly toxic to PPT3, which are equivalent to 0.046-0.123 mg Hg•L-1. Different dust extracts among the different sampling sites showed varying toxicity to PPT3. This study provides some important information to understand the potential health risk from different indoor environment using a rapid bioluminescence assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Yuning Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhemin Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li Gao
- School of Resource and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- The Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
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Huang Y, Law JCF, Lam TK, Leung KSY. Risks of organic UV filters: a review of environmental and human health concern studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142486. [PMID: 33038838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Organic UV filters are compounds that absorb UV irradiation by their highly conjugated structure. With the developing consciousness over the last century of the skin damage UV radiation can cause, the demand for organic UV filters has risen, for use not only in sunscreens, but also in other personal care products. The massive production and usage of these organic UV filters has resulted in extensive release into the aquatic environment, and thereby making an important group of emerging contaminants. Considering the widespread occurrence of organic UV filters in not only ambient water, but also sediment, soil and even indoor dust, their threats towards the health of living organisms have been a subject of active investigation. In this review article, we present an overall review of existing knowledge on the risks of organic UV filters from the aspects of both environmental and human health impacts. As for the environment, some organic UV filters are proven to bioaccumulate in various kinds of aquatic organisms, and further to have adverse effects on different kinds of animal models. Toxicological studies including in vivo and in vitro studies are important and effective means to ascertain the effects and mechanisms of organic UV filters on both the ecosystem and humans. Subsequent concerns arise that these compounds will affect human health in the long term. This review concludes by suggesting future lines of research based on the remaining knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Japhet Cheuk-Fung Law
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Tsz-Ki Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kelvin Sze-Yin Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen Virtual University Park, Shenzhen, China.
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UV-B Filter Octylmethoxycinnamate Alters the Vascular Contractility Patterns in Pregnant Women with Hypothyroidism. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020115. [PMID: 33530401 PMCID: PMC7912698 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence relating the exposure and/or bioaccumulation of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) with cardiovascular system are arising. Octylmethoxycinnamate (OMC) is the most widely used UV-B filter and as EDC interacts with TH receptors. However, their effects on thyroid diseases during pregnancy remain unknown. The purpose of this work was to assess the short- and long-term effects of OMC on arterial tonus of pregnant women with hypothyroidism. To elucidate this, human umbilical artery (HUA) rings without endothelium were used to explore the vascular effects of OMC by arterial and cellular experiments. The binding energy and the modes of interaction of the OMC into the active center of the TSHR and THRα were analyzed by molecular docking studies. Our results indicated that OMC altered the contractility patterns of HUA contracted with serotonin, histamine and KCl, possibly due to an interference with serotonin and histamine receptors or an involvement of the Ca2+ channels. The molecular docking analysis show that OMC compete with T3 for the binding center of THRα. Taken together, these findings pointed out to alterations in HUA reactivity as result of OMC-exposure, which may be involved in the development and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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26
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Guesmi A, Ohlund L, Sleno L. In vitro metabolism of sunscreen compounds by liquid chromatography/high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8679. [PMID: 31782973 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Exposure to UV light can induce adverse effects on human health, such as photo-aging, immunosuppression, and cancer. Sunscreens are used to prevent the absorption of UV rays, but certain UV-filtering compounds have been shown to disrupt endocrine systems or act as carcinogens. To assess the effects of the exposure to such compounds, it is important to study the pathways by which they are biotransformed in the body. METHODS Liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS/MS) was employed to evaluate the oxidative metabolism and, specifically, the formation of reactive metabolites of six active ingredients commonly used in sunscreen formulations: oxybenzone, avobenzone, homosalate, octisalate, octocrylene, and octinoxate. In vitro incubations were performed with human and rat liver microsomes in the presence of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and glutathione. An LC/HRMS/MS method was developed to identify metabolites employing a biphenyl reversed-phase column for separating parent molecules, metabolites, and glutathione (GSH) adducts. RESULTS Each tested compound resulted in the formation of several metabolites, including at least one GSH adduct. Compounds containing ester groups were hydrolyzed, and some metabolites of the free acid forms were also detected. High-resolution MS/MS data was crucial for the structural elucidation of metabolites and GSH adducts. Fragmentation pathways were proposed for all parent compounds, as well as each described metabolite and adduct. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study will help better understand the metabolism and detoxification pathways of these xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Guesmi
- Chemistry Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Downtown Station, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Leanne Ohlund
- Chemistry Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Downtown Station, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lekha Sleno
- Chemistry Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Downtown Station, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Yamada M, Mohammed Y, Prow TW. Advances and controversies in studying sunscreen delivery and toxicity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 153:72-86. [PMID: 32084432 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This review critically evaluates the sunscreen delivery and toxicity field. We chose to focus on approved sunscreens in this review. Optimal sunscreen use prevents skin cancer and photoageing but there is an important knowledge gap in sunscreen/skin interactions. Sunscreen delivery is a key for efficacy, but studying sunscreen delivery is not straightforward. We review the strengths and weaknesses of in vitro, excised skin and clinical approaches. Understanding positive and negative sunscreen effects on skin homeostasis is also challenging. The results in this field, especially in vitro testing, are controversial and experimental design varies widely which further supports disparities between some findings. We hypothesize that bias towards showing sunscreen toxicity to increase impact could be problematic. We explore that perception through a detailed review of experimental design, especially in cell culture models. Our conclusion is that emerging, non- and minimally invasive technologies are enabling new approaches to volunteer studies that could significantly improve knowledge of sunscreen delivery and interactions.
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An Insight into Ingredients of Toxicological Interest in Personal Care Products and A Small–Scale Sampling Survey of the Greek Market: Delineating a Potential Contamination Source for Water Resources. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11122501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wastewater is not a waste but a valuable resource that should be reused. Nevertheless, it should be devoid of physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters that can harm the consumer. Along with the multitude of possible pollutants found in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), emerging pollutants, such as Personal Care Products (PCPs), have arisen. The present research examines some of the main ingredients commonly found in PCPs, focusing on their toxicological profile on their occurrence in WWTPs influents and effluents worldwide and on their persistence and biodegradability. A small-scale market sampling of PCPs was performed in Athens, Greece, in June 2019, and their individual ingredients were recorded, coded according to their main activity, scanned for the presence of ingredients of important toxicological profile, and finally analyzed for the presence of other candidates of toxicological interest. Results show that some ingredients of concern (i.e., parabens and triclosan) are a decreasing trend. On the other hand, information on the presence of synthetic musks and perfume synthesis is scarce and encumbered by brand protection. Finally, UV filters are numerous, and they are used in various combinations, while other ingredients of toxicological interest are also present. Since the reclaimed water may well be used to cover irrigation needs in Greek areas with water deficiency or to enrich bodies of surface water, it is important to know what PCP ingredients are on the rise in the market, to monitor their presence in WWTPs influents and effluents and to extend research on their environmental fate and behavior.
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Gu J, Yuan T, Ni N, Ma Y, Shen Z, Yu X, Shi R, Tian Y, Zhou W, Zhang J. Urinary concentration of personal care products and polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 168:48-53. [PMID: 30265948 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorder among females of reproductive age. Many emerging contaminants in personal care products have been confirmed with endocrine disruptive effects. We performed a case-control study to explore the association between the concentrations of certain emerging contaminants (organic UV filters, bisphenol A, and triclosan) and the risk of PCOS. Urine samples were collected from 40 women with PCOS (case group) and 83 healthy women (control group). No significant differences were found in detection rate or total concentrations of analytes in women with PCOS and controls (p > 0.05). In addition, no association was found between certain emerging contaminants and PCOS either in an unadjusted binary logistic regression model or in a model adjusted for potential confounders. However, with stratification according to body mass index, one organic UV filter - octocrylene(OC) was significantly associated with PCOS in women with BMI ≥ 24 (adjusted OR = 1.512, 95% CI: 1.043, 2.191). It's the first time to investigate the association between exposure of organic UV filters and PCOS risk. We conclude that there is positive association between OC and PCOS risk in obese and overweight women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Gu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Ni Ni
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuning Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhemin Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaodan Yu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center,Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127,China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
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