1
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Arcas A, López-Rayo S, Gárate A, Lucena JJ. A Critical Review of Methodologies for Evaluating Iron Fertilizers Based on Iron Reduction and Uptake by Strategy I Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:819. [PMID: 38592963 PMCID: PMC10975526 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Under iron (Fe)-limited conditions, plants have developed strategies for acquiring this essential micronutrient. Several Fe sources have been studied as potential fertilizers, with Fe synthetic chelates being the most used to prevent and correct Fe chlorosis in crops. The determination of the activity of the Fe chelate reductase (FCR) enzyme has long been described in the literature to understand the efficiency of Strategy I plants in acquiring Fe from fertilizers under deficient conditions. Other experiments have focused on the translocation of Fe to the plant to define the effectiveness of Fe fertilizers. Yet, both assays are relevant in knowing the capacity of a novel Fe source and other compounds alleviating Fe chlorosis in Strategy I plants. This work reviews the methodologies that are used in FCR assays to evaluate novel Fe fertilizers, including the factors modulating the results obtained for FCR assay activity, such as the Fe substrate, the Fe level during the growing period and during the FCR assay, the pH, the choice of an in vivo or in vitro method, and the plant species. A discussion of the benefits of the concurrence of FCR and Fe uptake assays is then presented alongside a proposed methodology for assessing the effectiveness of Fe fertilizers, emphasizing the importance of understanding chemical and physiological plant interactions. This methodology unifies key factors that modify FCR activity and combines these with the use of the 57Fe tracer to enhance our comprehension of the efficacy of Fe-based fertilizers' effectiveness in alleviating Fe chlorosis. This comprehensive approach not only contributes to the fundamental understanding of Fe-deficient Strategy I plants but also establishes a robust method for determining the efficiency of novel sources for correcting Fe deficiency in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juan J. Lucena
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (S.L.-R.); (A.G.)
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2
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Fuentes M, Bosch G, de Hita D, Olaetxea M, Erro J, Zamarreño AM, Garcia-Mina JM. Supramolecular Arrangement of Lignosulfonate-Based Iron Heteromolecular Complexes and Consequences of Their Interaction with Ca 2+ at Alkaline pH and Fe Plant Root Uptake Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:11404-11417. [PMID: 37462422 PMCID: PMC10401718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that natural heteromolecular complexes might be an alternative to synthetic chelates to correct iron (Fe) deficiency. To investigate the mechanism of action of these complexes, we have studied their interaction with Ca2+ at alkaline pH, Fe-binding stability, Fe-root uptake in cucumber, and chemical structure using molecular modeling. The results show that a heteromolecular Fe complex including citric acid and lignosulfonate as binding ligands (Ls-Cit) forms a supramolecular system in solution with iron citrate interacting with the hydrophobic inner core of the lignosulfonate system. These structural features are associated with high stability against Ca2+ at basic pH. Likewise, unlike Fe-EDDHA, root Fe uptake from Ls-Cit implies the activation of the main root responses under Fe deficiency at the transcriptional level but not at the post-transcriptional level. These results are consistent with the involvement of some plant responses to Fe deficiency in the plant assimilation of complexed Fe in Ls-Cit under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fuentes
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente BIOMA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, España
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, España
| | - German Bosch
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente BIOMA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, España
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, España
| | - David de Hita
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente BIOMA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, España
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, España
| | - Maite Olaetxea
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente BIOMA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, España
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, España
| | - Javier Erro
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente BIOMA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, España
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, España
| | - Angel Ma Zamarreño
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente BIOMA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, España
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, España
| | - Jose Ma Garcia-Mina
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente BIOMA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, España
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, España
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3
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López-Rayo S, Valverde S, Lucena JJ. [ S,S]-EDDS Ligand as a Soil Solubilizer of Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu to Improve Plant Nutrition in Deficient Soils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37314888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The deficiencies of iron, manganese, zinc, and copper in calcareous soils are a worldwide problem affecting plant growth and fruit quality, usually minimized by the application of recalcitrant synthetic metal chelates. Biodegradable ligand [S,S]-EDDS is an eco-friendly substitute. This study investigates the capacity of [S,S]-EDDS to mobilize micronutrients from agronomic soils and improve plant nutrition. A batch and a plant experiment (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Black Pole) with three agronomic soils was conducted to monitor the micronutrients solubilized by [S,S]-EDDS, the ligand degradation, and plant uptake. The results demonstrated the high capacity of [S,S]-EDDS to solubilize Fe and other micronutrients related to its chemical behavior and the enhancement of plant nutrition. The best results were shown in sandy-clay soil with low Fe, typically found in the Mediterranean areas. The results support the direct application of the ligand to soils and a possible biotechnological application of the ligand-producer bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra López-Rayo
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Valverde
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Lucena
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Piccinelli F, Sega D, Melchior A, Ruggieri S, Sanadar M, Varanini Z, Zamboni A. Regreening properties of the soil slow-mobile H 2bpcd/Fe 3+ complex: Steps forward to the development of a new environmentally friendly Fe fertilizer. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:964088. [PMID: 35991452 PMCID: PMC9386293 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.964088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The application of synthetic Fe-chelates stands for the most established agronomical practice to alleviate lime-induced chlorosis, which still constitutes a major agronomic problem. However, the percolation through the soil profile due to the negative charge of the most deployed molecules results in agronomical and environmental problems. H2bpcd/Fe3+ complex features distinctive chemical characteristics, including moderate stability of the Fe(bpcd)+ species (logβ ML = 20.86) and a total positive charge, and we studied its behavior in soil and regreening effects on cucumber plants. Soil column experiments have underlined that H2bpcd/Fe3+ is retained in more amounts than EDDHA/Fe3+. The new ligand was not proven to be toxic for the cucumber and maize seedlings. A concentration of 20 μM H2bpcd/Fe3+ attained regreening of Fe-deficient cucumber plants grown in the hydroponic solution supplied with CaCO3, similar to that shown by EDDHA/Fe3+. Experiments with a 2 μM concentration of 57Fe showed that cucumber roots absorbed H2bpcd/57Fe3+ at a slower rate than EDTA/57Fe3+. The high kinetic inertness of H2bpcd/Fe3+ may explain such behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Piccinelli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Sega
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Melchior
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Silvia Ruggieri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Martina Sanadar
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Zeno Varanini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anita Zamboni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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5
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Deemter D, Salmerón I, Oller I, Amat AM, Malato S. Valorization of UWWTP effluents for ammonium recovery and MC elimination by advanced AOPs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153693. [PMID: 35134415 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to generate ready-to-use revalorized irrigation water for fertilization from urban wastewater treatment plant (UWWTP) effluents. The focus was on controlled retention of NH4+ and microcontaminants (MC), using nanofiltration. Retentates generated were treated by solar photo-Fenton at circumneutral pH using Ethylenediamine-N, N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS) iron complexing agent. Solar photo-Fenton degradation efficacy was compared with electrooxidation processes as anodic oxidation, solar-assisted anodic oxidation, electro-Fenton and solar photoelectro Fenton. Finally, phytotoxicity and acute toxicity tests were performed to demonstrate the potentially safe reuse of treated wastewater for crop irrigation. Nanofiltration was able to produce a ready-to-use permeate stream containing recovered NH4+. (valuable nutrient). Solar photo-Fenton treatment at circumneutral pH would only be of interest for rapid degradation of contaminants at less than 1 mg/L in nanofiltration retentates. Other alternative tertiary treatments, such as electrooxidation processes, are a promising alternative when a high concentration of MC requires longer process times. Anodic oxidation was demonstrated to be able to eliminate >80% of microcontaminants and solar-assisted anodic oxidation significantly reduced the electricity consumption. Electro-Fenton processes were the least efficient of the processes tested. Phytotoxicity results showed that irrigation with the permeates reduced germination, root development was mainly promoted and shoot development was positive only at low retention rate (concentration factor = 2). Acute and chronic Daphnia magna toxicity studies demonstrated that the permeate volumes should be diluted at least 50% before direct reuse for crop irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Deemter
- Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Carretera de Senés Km 4, Tabernas, Almería, Spain
| | - Irene Salmerón
- Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Carretera de Senés Km 4, Tabernas, Almería, Spain
| | - Isabel Oller
- Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Carretera de Senés Km 4, Tabernas, Almería, Spain
| | - Ana M Amat
- Grupo Procesos de Oxidación Avanzada, Campus de Alcoy, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
| | - Sixto Malato
- Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Carretera de Senés Km 4, Tabernas, Almería, Spain.
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6
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Wang Y, Lu Y, Lu J, Yang ZN, Yang Z. Research Progress on the Biosynthesis and Bioproduction of the Biodegradable Chelating Agent (S,S)-EDDS. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Santos CS, Rodrigues E, Ferreira S, Moniz T, Leite A, Carvalho SMP, Vasconcelos MW, Rangel M. Foliar application of 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone Fe-chelate [Fe(mpp) 3 ] induces responses at the root level amending iron deficiency chlorosis in soybean. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:235-245. [PMID: 33629743 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency chlorosis (IDC) affects the growth of several crops, especially when growing in alkaline soils. The application of synthetic Fe-chelates is one of the most commonly used strategies in IDC amendment, despite their associated negative environmental impacts. In a previous work, the Fe-chelate tris(3-hydroxy-1-(H)-2-methyl-4-pyridinonate) iron(III) [Fe(mpp)3 ] has shown great potential for alleviating IDC in soybean (Glycine max) in the early stages of plant development under hydroponic conditions. Herein, its efficacy was verified under soil conditions in soybean grown from seed to full maturity. Chlorophyll levels, plant growth, root and shoot mineral accumulation (K, Mg, Ca, Na, P, Mn, Zn, Ni, and Co) and FERRITIN expression were accessed at V5 phenological stage. Compared to a commonly used Fe chelate, FeEDDHA, supplementation with [Fe(mpp)3 ] led to a 29% higher relative chlorophyll content, 32% higher root biomass, 36% higher trifoliate Fe concentration, and a twofold increase in leaf FERRITIN gene expression. [Fe(mpp)3 ] supplementation also resulted in increased accumulation of P, K, Zn, and Co. At full maturity, the remaining plants were harvested and [Fe(mpp)3 ] application led to a 32% seed yield increase when compared to FeEDDHA. This is the first report on the use of [Fe(mpp)3 ] under alkaline soil conditions for IDC correction, and we show that its foliar application has a longer-lasting effect than FeEDDHA, induces efficient root responses, and promotes the uptake of other nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Santos
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elsa Rodrigues
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
- GreenUPorto - Research Centre on Sustainable Agrifood Production and DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Sofia Ferreira
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Moniz
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Leite
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana M P Carvalho
- GreenUPorto - Research Centre on Sustainable Agrifood Production and DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Marta W Vasconcelos
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Rangel
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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8
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Justi M, de Freitas MP, Silla JM, Nunes CA, Silva CA. Molecular structure features and fast identification of chemical properties of metal carboxylate complexes by FTIR and partial least square regression. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Suzuki M, Urabe A, Sasaki S, Tsugawa R, Nishio S, Mukaiyama H, Murata Y, Masuda H, Aung MS, Mera A, Takeuchi M, Fukushima K, Kanaki M, Kobayashi K, Chiba Y, Shrestha BB, Nakanishi H, Watanabe T, Nakayama A, Fujino H, Kobayashi T, Tanino K, Nishizawa NK, Namba K. Development of a mugineic acid family phytosiderophore analog as an iron fertilizer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1558. [PMID: 33692352 PMCID: PMC7946895 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient, but is poorly bioavailable because of its low solubility in alkaline soils; this leads to reduced agricultural productivity. To overcome this problem, we first showed that the soil application of synthetic 2'-deoxymugineic acid, a natural phytosiderophore from the Poaceae, can recover Fe deficiency in rice grown in calcareous soil. However, the high cost and poor stability of synthetic 2'-deoxymugineic acid preclude its agricultural use. In this work, we develop a more stable and less expensive analog, proline-2'-deoxymugineic acid, and demonstrate its practical synthesis and transport of its Fe-chelated form across the plasma membrane by Fe(III)•2'-deoxymugineic acid transporters. Possibility of its use as an iron fertilizer on alkaline soils is supported by promotion of rice growth in a calcareous soil by soil application of metal free proline-2'-deoxymugineic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsumi Urabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sayaka Sasaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryo Tsugawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nishio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Haruka Mukaiyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Murata
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masuda
- Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan.,Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - May Sann Aung
- Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan.,Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Akane Mera
- Aichi Steel Corporation, Tokai-shi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaki Takeuchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keijo Fukushima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Michika Kanaki
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kaori Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Chiba
- The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Binod Babu Shrestha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Takehiro Watanabe
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakayama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Fujino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Keiji Tanino
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoko K Nishizawa
- Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan.,The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Namba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
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10
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Yang YZ, Li MJ, Li XL, Zhou BB, Wei QP, Zhang JK. Preparation of soluble ferrous complex with high alkaline stability by reducing iron nanoparticle in Maillard reaction. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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11
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Yang Z, Wang Y, Lu Y, Tao Y, Jiang J. Bioproduction of ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid using immobilized fumarase-free EDDS lyase. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Santos CS, Leite A, Vinhas S, Ferreira S, Moniz T, Vasconcelos MW, Rangel M. A combined physiological and biophysical approach to understand the ligand-dependent efficiency of 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone Fe-chelates. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00256. [PMID: 32821874 PMCID: PMC7429444 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ligands of the 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone (3,4-HPO) class were considered eligible to formulate new Fe fertilizers for Iron Deficiency Chlorosis (IDC). Soybean (Glycine max L.) plants grown in hydroponic conditions and supplemented with Fe-chelate [Fe(mpp)3] were significantly greener, had increased biomass, and were able to translocate more iron from the roots to the shoots than those supplemented with an equal amount of the commercially available chelate [FeEDDHA]. To understand the influence of the structure of 3,4-HPO ligand on the role of the Fe-chelate to improve Fe-uptake, we investigated and report here the effect of Fe-chelates ([Fe(mpp)3], [Fe(dmpp)3], and [Fe(etpp)3]) in addressing IDC. Chlorosis development was assessed by measurement of morphological parameters, quantification of chlorophyll and Fe, and other micronutrient contents, as well as measurement of enzymatic activity (FCR) and gene expression (FRO2, IRT1, and Ferritin). All [Fe(3,4-HPO)3] chelates were able to provide Fe to plants and prevent IDC but with a different efficiency depending on the ligand. We hypothesize that this may be related with the distinct physicochemical characteristics of ligands and complexes, namely, the diverse hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the three chelates. To test the hypothesis, we performed an EPR biophysical study using liposomes prepared from a soybean (Glycine3 max L.) lipid extract and spin probes. The results showed that the most effective chelate [Fe(mpp)3] shows a preferential location close to the surface while the others prefer the hydrophobic region inside the bilayer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone Fe-chelates, [Fe(mpp)3], [Fe(dmpp)3], and [Fe(etpp)3], were all able to provide Fe to plants and prevent IDC. Efficacy is dependent on the structure of the ligand. From an EPR biophysical study using spin probes and liposomes, prepared from a soybean lipid extract, we hypothesize that this may be related with the distinct preferential location close to the surface or on the hydrophobic region of the lipid bilayer. [Fe(mpp)3] provide higher amounts of Fe in the leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S. Santos
- CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório AssociadoUniversidade Católica PortuguesaEscola Superior de BiotecnologiaPortoPortugal
| | - Andreia Leite
- REQUIMTELAQVDepartamento de Química e BioquímicaFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Sílvia Vinhas
- REQUIMTELAQVDepartamento de Química e BioquímicaFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Sofia Ferreira
- REQUIMTELAQVInstituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel SalazarUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Tânia Moniz
- REQUIMTELAQVDepartamento de Química e BioquímicaFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Marta W. Vasconcelos
- CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório AssociadoUniversidade Católica PortuguesaEscola Superior de BiotecnologiaPortoPortugal
| | - Maria Rangel
- REQUIMTELAQVInstituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel SalazarUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
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Edenhart S, Denneler M, Spohn M, Doskocil E, Kavšček M, Amon T, Kosec G, Smole J, Bardl B, Biermann M, Roth M, Wohlleben W, Stegmann E. Metabolic engineering of Amycolatopsis japonicum for optimized production of [S,S]-EDDS, a biodegradable chelator. Metab Eng 2020; 60:148-156. [PMID: 32302770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The actinomycete Amycolatopsis japonicum is the producer of the chelating compound [S,S]-ethylenediamine-disuccinc acid (EDDS). [S,S]-EDDS is an isomer of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), an economically important chelating compound that suffers from an extremely poor degradability. Frequent use of the persistent EDTA in various industrial and domestic applications has caused an accumulation of EDTA in soil as well as in aqueous environments. As a consequence, EDTA is the highest concentrated anthropogenic compound present in water reservoirs. The [S,S]-form of EDDS has chelating properties similar to EDTA, however, in contrast to EDTA it is readily biodegradable. In order to compete with the cost-effective chemical synthesis of EDTA, we aimed to optimize the biotechnological production of [S,S]-EDDS in A. japonicum by using metabolic engineering approaches. Firstly, we integrated several copies of the [S,S]-EDDS biosynthetic genes into the chromosome of A. japonicum and replaced the native zinc responsive promoter with the strong synthetic constitutive promoter SP44*. Secondly, we increased the supply of O-phospho-serine, the direct precursor of [S,S]-EDDS. The combination of these approaches together with the optimized fermentation process led to a significant improvement in [S,S]-EDDS up to 9.8 g/L with a production rate of 4.3 mg/h/g DCW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Edenhart
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tuebingen, Microbiology/Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marius Denneler
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tuebingen, Microbiology/Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marius Spohn
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tuebingen, Microbiology/Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Eva Doskocil
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tuebingen, Microbiology/Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Kavšček
- Acies Bio d.o.o., Tehnoloski Park 21, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadeja Amon
- Acies Bio d.o.o., Tehnoloski Park 21, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Kosec
- Acies Bio d.o.o., Tehnoloski Park 21, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Smole
- Acies Bio d.o.o., Tehnoloski Park 21, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bettina Bardl
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Bio Pilot Plant, Beutenbergstr. 11A, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Biermann
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Bio Pilot Plant, Beutenbergstr. 11A, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Roth
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Bio Pilot Plant, Beutenbergstr. 11A, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wohlleben
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tuebingen, Microbiology/Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Evi Stegmann
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tuebingen, Microbiology/Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Ferreira CMH, Soares HMVM, Soares EV. Promising bacterial genera for agricultural practices: An insight on plant growth-promoting properties and microbial safety aspects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 682:779-799. [PMID: 31146074 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In order to address the ever-increasing problem of the world's population food needs, the optimization of farming crops yield, the combat of iron deficiency in plants (chlorosis) and the elimination/reduction of crop pathogens are of key challenges to solve. Traditional ways of solving these problems are either unpractical on a large scale (e.g. use of manure) or are not environmental friendly (e.g. application of iron-synthetic fertilizers or indiscriminate use of pesticides). Therefore, the search for greener substitutes, such as the application of siderophores of bacterial source or the use of plant-growth promoting bacteria (PGPB), is presented as a very promising alternative to enhance yield of crops and performance. However, the use of microorganisms is not a risk-free solution and the potential biohazards associated with the utilization of bacteria in agriculture should be considered. The present work gives a current overview of the main mechanisms associated with the use of bacteria in the promotion of plant growth. The potentiality of several bacterial genera (Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Bacillus, Pantoea, Pseudomonas and Rhizobium) regarding to siderophore production capacity and other plant growth-promoting properties are presented. In addition, the field performance of these bacteria genera as well as the biosafety aspects related with their use for agricultural proposes are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M H Ferreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Bioengineering Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, ISEP-School of Engineering of Polytechnic Institute of Porto, rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Helena M V M Soares
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo V Soares
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, ISEP-School of Engineering of Polytechnic Institute of Porto, rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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