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Laino E, Paranunzio R, Iglesias G. Scientometric review on multiple climate-related hazards indices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174004. [PMID: 38901582 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
As the spectre of climate change looms large, there is an increasing imperative to develop comprehensive risk assessment tools. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the evolution and current state of research on multi-hazard indices associated with climate-related hazards, highlighting their crucial role in effective risk assessment amidst the growing challenges of climate change. A notable gap in cross-regional comparative studies persists, presenting an opportunity for future research to enhance global understanding and foster universal resilience strategies. However, a significant surge in research output is apparent, following key global milestones related to climate change action. The research landscape is shown to be highly responsive to international policy developments, increasingly adopting interdisciplinary approaches that integrate physical, social, and technological dimensions. Findings reveal a robust emphasis on geospatial analysis and the development of various indices that transform abstract climate risks into actionable data, underscoring a trend towards localized, context-specific vulnerability assessments. Based on dataset systematically curated under the PRISMA guidelines, the review explores how prevailing research themes are reflected in influential journals and author networks, mapping out a dynamic and expanding academic community. Moreover, this work provides critical insights into the underlying literature by conducting a thematic analysis on the typology of studies, the focus on coastal areas, the inclusion of climate change scenarios, the geographical coverage, and the types of climate-related hazards. The practical implications of this review are profound, providing policymakers and practitioners with meaningful insights to enhance climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts through the application of index-based methodologies. By charting a course for future scholarly endeavours, this article aims to strengthen the scientific foundations supporting resilient and adaptive strategies for regions worldwide facing the multifaceted impacts of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Laino
- School of Engineering and Architecture & Environmental Research Institute, MaREI, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Roberta Paranunzio
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Corso Fiume, 4, 10133 Torino, Italy
| | - Gregorio Iglesias
- School of Engineering and Architecture & Environmental Research Institute, MaREI, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; University of Plymouth, School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Marine Building, Drake Circus, United Kingdom.
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Recent Developments in Sea-Level Rise and Its Related Geological Disasters Mitigation: A Review. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of urbanization around the world, the sea-level-rise problem is gaining more and more attention in the 21st century. Sea-level rise is the result of a combination of climate-related factors, structural factors and human activities. Recent studies related to the contributions of these factors to sea-level rise are reviewed and analyzed in this paper. The results suggest that the melting of glaciers and ice sheets have contributed the most to sea-level rise and will continue to be the dominant factor in sea-level rise for the following decades. As sea-level rise becomes an increasingly serious problem, geological disasters related to sea-level rise are also gaining more attention. To better understand the effect of sea-level rise on geological disasters, relevant issues including storm surges, seawater intrusion, the loss of coastal wetland, seismicity, seismic liquefaction and submarine mass failure are further reviewed and highlighted. In response to the risks of those disasters caused by sea-level rise, some disaster mitigation measures are proposed, and in the end, the quantitative disaster assessment concept based on resilience is introduced to the coastal urban system, to assess its ability to resist and recover from geological disasters due to the sea-level rise.
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The Potential of Wave Energy Conversion to Mitigate Coastal Erosion from Hurricanes. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Wave energy conversion technologies have recently attracted more attention as part of global efforts to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy resources. While ocean waves can provide renewable energy, they can also be destructive to coastal areas that are often densely populated and vulnerable to coastal erosion. There have been a variety of efforts to mitigate the impacts of wave- and storm-induced erosion; however, they are either temporary solutions or approaches that are not able to adapt to a changing climate. This study explores a green and sustainable approach to mitigating coastal erosion from hurricanes through wave energy conversion. A barrier island, Dauphin Island, off the coast of Alabama, is used as a test case. The potential use of wave energy converter farms to mitigate erosion due to hurricane storm surges while simultaneously generating renewable energy is explored through simulations that are forced with storm data using the XBeach model. It is shown that wave farms can impact coastal morphodynamics and have the potential to reduce dune and beach erosion, predominantly in the western portion of the island. The capacity of wave farms to influence coastal morphodynamics varies with the storm intensity.
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A Review of Modeling Approaches for Understanding and Monitoring the Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the environmental effects of marine energy (ME) devices is fundamental for their sustainable development and efficient regulation. However, measuring effects is difficult given the limited number of operational devices currently deployed. Numerical modeling is a powerful tool for estimating environmental effects and quantifying risks. It is most effective when informed by empirical data and coordinated with the development and implementation of monitoring protocols. We reviewed modeling techniques and information needs for six environmental stressor–receptor interactions related to ME: changes in oceanographic systems, underwater noise, electromagnetic fields (EMFs), changes in habitat, collision risk, and displacement of marine animals. This review considers the effects of tidal, wave, and ocean current energy converters. We summarized the availability and maturity of models for each stressor–receptor interaction and provide examples involving ME devices when available and analogous examples otherwise. Models for oceanographic systems and underwater noise were widely available and sometimes applied to ME, but need validation in real-world settings. Many methods are available for modeling habitat change and displacement of marine animals, but few examples related to ME exist. Models of collision risk and species response to EMFs are still in stages of theory development and need more observational data, particularly about species behavior near devices, to be effective. We conclude by synthesizing model status, commonalities between models, and overlapping monitoring needs that can be exploited to develop a coordinated and efficient set of protocols for predicting and monitoring the environmental effects of ME.
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The Expected Impact of Marine Energy Farms Operating in Island Environments with Mild Wave Energy Resources—A Case Study in the Mediterranean Sea. INVENTIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/inventions6020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A particularity of island areas is that they are subjected to strong sea state conditions that can have a severe impact on the beach stability, while on the other hand, they rely mainly on diesel combustion for electricity production which in the long run is not a sustainable solution. The aim of this work is to tackle these two issues, by assessing the impact of a hybrid marine energy farm that may operate near the north-western part of Giglio Island in the Mediterranean Sea. As a first step, the most relevant environmental conditions (wind and waves) over a 27-year time interval (January 1992–December 2018) were identified considering data coming from both ERA5 and the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative for Sea State. An overview of the electricity production was made by considering some offshore wind turbines, the results showing that even during the summertime when there is a peak demand (but low wind resources), the demand can be fully covered by five wind turbines defined each by a rated power of 6 MW. The main objective of this work is to assess the coastal impact induced by a marine energy farm, and for this reason, various layouts obtained by varying the number of lines (one or two) and the distance between the devices were proposed. The modelling system considered has been already calibrated in the target area for this type of study while the selected device is defined by a relatively low absorption property. The dynamics of various wave parameters has been analysed, including significant wave height, but also parameters related to the breaking mechanics, and longshore currents. It was noticed that although the target area is naturally protected by the dominant waves that are coming from the south-western sector, it is possible to occur extreme waves coming from the north-west during the wintertime that can be efficiently attenuated by the presence of the marine energy farm.
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Rodriguez-Delgado C, Bergillos RJ. Wave energy assessment under climate change through artificial intelligence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:144039. [PMID: 33340741 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of renewable energies is among the main challenges that we are confronting in the present situation of climate change. In this work, an artificial neural network (ANN) is optimized and used to assess the wave energy resource available to a wave farm over its service life. We select as case study a stretch of coastline in southern Spain. Different ANN architectures and training algorithms are tested for a dataset in deep water composed by: three values of significant wave height, four values of peak period, two values of incoming wave direction, three astronomical tide values, three storm surge values and three values of sea level rise induced by climate change. These deep-water sea states were propagated using a numerical model (Delft3D-Wave) and results were obtained at 176 locations. Thus, more than 114,000 data were used to train and test the ANNs. Once validated, the ANN was used to assess the cumulative wave energy at 704 locations during a 25-year period for three scenarios of rise in sea level according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports: present situation, pessimistic IPCC projection and optimistic IPCC projection. According to the results, the cumulative wave energy in the case study increases with increasing water depths. The greatest values of cumulative wave energy are reached at great depths off a shoreline horn and a port. Importantly, the rise in sea level will induce an increase in the wave energy resource. The ANN developed in this work allows the quantification of wave energy over long-term periods, reducing the computational cost, as well as the choice of the best locations for wave farms considering the effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristobal Rodriguez-Delgado
- School of Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; PROES Consultores, Calle San Germán 39, 28020 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael J Bergillos
- Hydraulic Engineering Area, Department of Agronomy, University of Cordoba, Rabanales Campus, Leonardo da Vinci Building, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
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Bergillos RJ, Rodriguez-Delgado C, Cremades J, Medina L, Iglesias G. Multi-criteria characterization and mapping of coastal cliff environments: A case study in NW Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:140942. [PMID: 32763597 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel approach to characterize cliff exposure to marine action that combines wave power and biology. This multidisciplinary approach is illustrated through a case study on a coastal stretch in NW Spain - the Catedrales Natural Monument. The engineering perspective is based on quantifying the wave power acting on the cliff. To this end, a statistical characterization of the wave climate in deep water is carried out, and relevant sea states are propagated numerically from deep water to the cliff. Four levels of cliff exposure, from sheltered to exposed, are defined based on wave power and mapped onto the study area. As for the biological perspective, ecological factors, bioindicated variables and biological indicators characterized through field observations are considered and, on this basis, also four levels of cliff exposure are established and mapped. In general, there is good agreement between the exposure patterns obtained through the engineering and biological perspectives; however, there are some differences in certain areas. The upshot is that the engineering and biological points of view should be regarded as complementary. The multi-criteria characterization performed in this paper may be used as a management tool to establish different degrees of exposure to marine action on cliff coasts elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael J Bergillos
- Hydraulic Engineering Area, Department of Agronomy, University of Cordoba, Rabanales Campus, Leonardo da Vinci Building, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cristobal Rodriguez-Delgado
- School of Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; PROES Consultores, Calle San Germán 39, 28020 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Cremades
- BioCost Research Group, Faculty of Sciences and Center for Advanced Scientific Research, University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Luis Medina
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, University of A Coruña, Elviña Campus, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Gregorio Iglesias
- MaREI, Environmental Research Institute & School of Engineering, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland; School of Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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Rodriguez-Delgado C, Bergillos RJ, Iglesias G. Coastal infrastructure operativity against flooding - A methodology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 719:137452. [PMID: 32126406 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The operativity of the transport infrastructures and urban developments protected by coastal structures is conditioned by flooding events and the resulting wave overtopping. This work presents a methodology to assess the operational conditions of infrastructures located in coastal areas based on the combination of advanced statistical techniques, laboratory experiments and state-of-the-art numerical models properly validated. It is applied to a case study in the SW coast of England, the railway seawall at Dawlish, which was subjected to recurrent wave overtopping until its dramatic collapse in February 2014. To quantify the increase in overtopping discharges with wave height and water level, we define an ad hoc variable, the effective overtopping forcing, which explains 98% of the variability of the overtopping discharge. The return periods associated to the operational thresholds for coastal structures protecting people and railways are also obtained. The proposed methodology enables the assessment of the overtopping discharge induced by a given sea state and, thus, check if a coastal infrastructure will be or not operational under any expected marine condition. This innovative methodology can also be used to analyse the flooding event consequences on urban areas protected by coastal infrastructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristobal Rodriguez-Delgado
- School of Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; PROES Consultores, S.A. Virgilio Street 2, Building 3, Pozuelo de Alarcón 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael J Bergillos
- Hydraulic Engineering Area, Department of Agronomy, University of Cordoba, Rabanales Campus, Leonardo da Vinci Building, Córdoba 14071, Spain.
| | - Gregorio Iglesias
- MaREI, Environmental Research Institute & School of Engineering, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland; School of Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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Ozkan C, Perez K, Mayo T. The impacts of wave energy conversion on coastal morphodynamics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:136424. [PMID: 31927445 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, utilization of renewable energy resources, including ocean waves, has been promoted as part of a global effort to transition away from the use of fossil fuels. This is largely due to the accompanying greenhouse gas emissions and its catastrophic impacts on the environment, which are expected to worsen with the changing climate. Energy from ocean waves can be harnessed and converted into electricity with devices referred to as wave energy converters (WECs). Many researchers have studied the impacts of the WECs on coastal hydrodynamics, however, the impact on morphodynamics is not as well understood. In this paper, we review studies that assess the impacts of wave farms on coastal erosion. The results of a number of studies that focus on various locations around the world show that WECs often generate clean and renewable energy without negatively impacting local coastlines, and in fact often mitigate coastal erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Ozkan
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States.
| | - Kelsey Perez
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States
| | - Talea Mayo
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States
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An Overview of the Expected Shoreline Impact of the Marine Energy Farms Operating in Different Coastal Environments. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8030228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to provide an overview of the possible implications involving the influence of a generic marine energy farm on the nearshore processes. Several case studies covering various European coastal areas are considered for illustration purposes. These include different nearshore areas, such as the Portuguese coast, Sardinia Island or a coastal sector close to the Danube Delta in the Black Sea. For the case studies related to the Portuguese coast, it is noted that a marine energy farm may reduce the velocity of the longshore currents, with a complete attenuation of the current velocity for some case studies in the coastal area from Leixoes region being observed. For the area located close to the Danube Delta, it is estimated that in the proposed configuration, a marine energy farm would provide an efficient protection against the wave action, but it will have a relatively negligible impact on the longshore currents. Summarizing the results, we can conclude that a marine energy farm seems to be beneficial for coastal protection, even in the case of the enclosed areas, such as the Mediterranean or Black seas, where the erosion generated by the wave action represents a real problem.
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Bergillos RJ, Rodriguez-Delgado C, Allen J, Iglesias G. Wave energy converter geometry for coastal flooding mitigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 668:1232-1241. [PMID: 31018463 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wave farms, i.e., arrays of wave energy converters (WECs), have been proposed to fulfil the dual function of carbon-free energy generation and coastal protection. The objective of this work is to investigate, for the first time, how the coastal protection performance against flooding is affected by WEC geometry. This is done by means of a case study with WaveCat WECs (floating, overtopping WECs) deployed off the Playa Granada beach (Spain). To this end, two models of WaveCat WECs with different geometries are tested in a laboratory tank at a 1:30 scale under low-, mid- and high-energy sea states representative of the wave conditions of Playa Granada. The geometries differed in the angle between the twin hulls (wedge angle) of WaveCat: 30° and 60°. The reflection and transmission coefficients thus obtained are used in a coupled numerical modelling approach, combining wave and coastal processes models (SWAN and XBeach-G, respectively). We find that WECs with an angle of 60° provide more (less) protection for long (short) wave periods in terms of reductions in wave height and run-up on the beach. As for the flooded dry beach areas, they are generally smaller for WECs with 60°, with only some exceptions under mild conditions. Thus, considering that beach inundation usually occurs under high-energy, storm conditions, we conclude that the wave farm composed by WECs with a wedge angle of 60° is more efficient against coastal flooding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael J Bergillos
- Hydraulic Engineering Area, Department of Agronomy, University of Córdoba, Rabanales Campus, Leonardo Da Vinci Building, Córdoba 14071, Spain.
| | - Cristobal Rodriguez-Delgado
- School of Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; PROES Consultores, Calle San Germán 39, Madrid 28020, Spain
| | - James Allen
- School of Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Gregorio Iglesias
- MaREI, Environmental Research Institute & School of Engineering, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland; School of Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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Numerical Simulations of the Hydraulic Performance of a Breakwater-Integrated Overtopping Wave Energy Converter. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse7020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBREC is the acronym that stands for Overtopping Breakwater for Energy Conversion. It is a multifunctional device aimed to produce energy from the waves, while keeping the harbour area protected from flooding. In this paper, the inclusions of a berm to reduce wave reflection, the shape of the sloping plate to maximise wave overtopping and the reservoir width and the crown wall shape to maximise wave energy capture while keeping the harbour safety were analysed to optimize the hydraulic and structural performances of the device. Several configurations were numerically investigated by means of a 2DV RANS-VOF code to extend the results already obtained during previous experimental campaigns. The wave reflection coefficient, the average wave overtopping flows and the wave loadings along the structure are computed, compared with existing formulae and discussed with reference to the OBREC prototype installed in the Port of Naples.
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