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Wang L, Wu M, Han B, Wang M, Li R, Shen Y, Zhuang Z, Wang Z, Jing T. Seasonal variations and the prevalence of phenolic profiles in ambient fine particulate matter and their impact on oxidative potential. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 479:135579. [PMID: 39216247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) poses numerous health risks, with oxidative potential (OP) serving as a critical marker of its toxicity. Synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) and bisphenols (BPs) influence reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in PM2.5, and exposure to these compounds induces oxidative stress in organisms, thereby potentially affecting the OP of PM2.5. We detected 26 phenols (including 12 SPAs, 5 transformation products (TPs), and 9 BPs) in PM2.5 sample collected from October 2018 to September 2021 in Wuhan, China. Among them, 19 substances were detected at a detection frequency greater than 50 % in PM2.5 sample. AO 2246 and BHT were the main components of SPAs, and BHT-Q and BPA had the highest concentrations in TPs and BPs, respectively. PM2.5 mass concentrations and phenolic levels were higher in winter and autumn. Substances within groups were strongly correlated, suggesting the same or similar source of exposure. This finding aid in more precise pollution source identification and is crucial for comprehensively evaluating their combined health effects. Furthermore, we determined the OP of PM2.5 and found that BPs were related to increased OP and ROS. This suggests that the toxicity of PM2.5 is influenced not only by its concentration but also by its chemical composition, with BPs potentially enhancing its toxic effects. These factors should be fully considered when assessing the health impacts of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Minmin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Sheng li Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Bin Han
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Mengyi Wang
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ruifang Li
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yang Shen
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhijia Zhuang
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhu Wang
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tao Jing
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Liu J, Ye Z, Christensen JH, Dong S, Geels C, Brandt J, Nenes A, Yuan Y, Im U. Impact of anthropogenic emission control in reducing future PM 2.5 concentrations and the related oxidative potential across different regions of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170638. [PMID: 38316299 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Affected by both future anthropogenic emissions and climate change, future prediction of PM2.5 and its Oxidative Potential (OP) distribution is a significant challenge, especially in developing countries like China. To overcome this challenge, we estimated historical and future PM2.5 concentrations and associated OP using the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model (DEHM) system with meteorological input from WRF weather forecast model. Considering different future socio-economic pathways and emission scenario assumptions, we quantified how the contribution from various anthropogenic emission sectors will change under these scenarios. Results show that compared to the CESM_SSP2-4.5_CLE scenario (based on moderate radiative forcing and Current Legislation Emission), the CESM_SSP1-2.6_MFR scenario (based on sustainability development and Maximum Feasible Reductions) is projected to yield greater environmental and health benefits in the future. Under the CESM_SSP1-2.6_MFR scenario, annual average PM2.5 concentrations (OP) are expected to decrease to 30 (0.8 nmolmin-1m-3) in almost all regions by 2030, which will be 65 % (67 %) lower than that in 2010. From a long-term perspective, it is anticipated that OP in the Fen-Wei Plain region will experience the maximum reduction (82.6 %) from 2010 to 2049. Largely benefiting from the effective control of PM2.5 in the region, it has decreased by 82.1 %. Crucially, once emission reduction measures reach a certain level (in 2040), further reductions become less significant. This study also emphasized the significant role of secondary aerosol formation and biomass-burning sources in influencing OP during both historical and future periods. In different scenarios, the reduction range of OP from 2010 to 2049 is estimated to be between 71 % and 85 % by controlling precursor emissions involved in secondary aerosol formation and emissions from biomass burning. Results indicate that strengthening the control of anthropogenic emissions in various regions are key to achieving air quality targets and safeguarding human health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China; Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science/Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Zhuyun Ye
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science/Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jesper H Christensen
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science/Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Shikui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Camilla Geels
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science/Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science/Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Athanasios Nenes
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and Their Impacts, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for the Study of Air Quality and Climate Change, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Ulas Im
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science/Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark.
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Fadel M, Courcot D, Delmaire G, Roussel G, Afif C, Ledoux F. Source apportionment of PM 2.5 oxidative potential in an East Mediterranean site. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165843. [PMID: 37516168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 collected for almost a year in an urban area of the East Mediterranean. Two acellular assays, based on ascorbic acid (AA) and dithiothreitol (DTT) depletion, were used to measure the OP. The results showed that the mean volume normalized OP-AAv value was 0.64 ± 0.29 nmol·min-1·m-3 and the mean OP-DTTv was 0.49 ± 0.26 nmol·min-1·m-3. Several approaches were adopted in this work to study the relationship between the species in PM2.5 (carbonaceous matter, water-soluble ions, major and trace elements, and organic compounds) or their sources and OP values. Spearman correlations revealed strong correlations of OP-AAv with carbonaceous subfractions as well as organic compounds while OP-DTTv seemed to be more correlated with elements emitted from different anthropogenic activities. Furthermore, a multiple linear regression method was used to estimate the contribution of PM2.5 sources, determined by a source-receptor model (Positive Matrix Factorization), to the OP values. The results showed that the sources that highly contribute to the PM2.5 mass (crustal dust and ammonium sulfate) were not the major sources contributing to the values of OP. Instead, 69 % of OP-AAv and 62 % of OP-DTTv values were explained by three local anthropogenic sources: Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) combustion from a power plant, biomass burning, and road traffic emissions. As for the seasonal variations, higher OP-AAv values were observed during winter compared to summer, while OP-DTTv did not show any significant differences between the two seasons. The contribution of biomass burning during winter was 33 and 34 times higher compared to summer for OP-AAv and OP-DTTv, respectively. On the other hand, higher contributions were observed for HFO combustion during summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fadel
- Emissions, Measurements, and Modeling of the Atmosphere (EMMA) Laboratory, CAR, Faculty of Sciences, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon; Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV UR4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Dunkerque, France
| | - Dominique Courcot
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV UR4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Dunkerque, France
| | - Gilles Delmaire
- Laboratoire d'Informatique Signal et Image de la Côte d'Opale (LISIC), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-62228, Calais, France
| | - Gilles Roussel
- Laboratoire d'Informatique Signal et Image de la Côte d'Opale (LISIC), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-62228, Calais, France
| | - Charbel Afif
- Emissions, Measurements, and Modeling of the Atmosphere (EMMA) Laboratory, CAR, Faculty of Sciences, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon; Climate and Atmosphere Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Frédéric Ledoux
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV UR4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Dunkerque, France.
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Maskey S, Khadgi J, Shrestha N, Acharya A, Park K, Pokhrel A. Characteristics of fine particles from incense burning at temple premises of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1382. [PMID: 37889359 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The impact of incense burning on ambient air quality was investigated by measuring the concentrations of fine particles (PM2.5), elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and their oxidative potential (OP) at three temple premises in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. These temples, namely, Bajrabarahi, Bagalamukhi, and Bhadrakali, are located in three distinct environments: forest, residential, and roadside, respectively. During the incense burning event days, the PM2.5 concentration at Bhadrakali (431.4 μgm-3) was significantly higher than that measured at the Bagalamukhi (135.2 μgm-3) and Bajrabarahi (84.7 μgm-3) temple premises. This observation is consistent with the fact that Bhadrakali Temple had the highest intensity of incense burning. Additionally, the temple premises were also influenced by vehicular emissions from transportation facilities. Carbonaceous aerosols significantly increased during incense burning events, indicating that incense burning contributes significantly to the formation of primary and secondary OC. Moreover, the OP of PM2.5 during the incense burning event days was higher compared to non-event days (p < 0.05), suggesting an elevated health risk due to the increased concentration and toxicity of fine particles. These findings highlight the substantial impact of incense burning on air quality in temple premises, emphasizing the need to implement effective strategies to mitigate the associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shila Maskey
- Department of Environmental Science, Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Lalitpur, Nepal.
| | - Jasmita Khadgi
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Nisha Shrestha
- Department of Environmental Science, Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Amisha Acharya
- Department of Environmental Science, Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Kihong Park
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Amod Pokhrel
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Amma C, Inomata Y, Kohno R, Satake M, Furukawa A, Nagata Y, Sugiyama H, Seto T, Suzuki R. Copper in airborne fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) from urban sites causes the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 in human lung epithelial A549 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:5879-5891. [PMID: 37179508 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Fine atmospheric particles, such as PM2.5, are strongly related to the onset and exacerbation of inflammatory responses leading to the development of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. PM2.5 is a complex mixture of tiny particles with different properties (i.e., size, morphology, and chemical components). Moreover, the mechanism by which PM2.5 induces inflammatory responses has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the composition of PM2.5 to identify the main factors causing PM2.5-associated inflammation and diseases. In the present study, we investigated PM2.5 from two sites (Fukue, a remote monitoring site, and Kawasaki, an urban monitoring site) with greatly different environments and PM2.5 compositions. The results of ICP-MS and EDX-SEM indicated that PM2.5 from Kawasaki contained more metals and significantly induced the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine gene IL-8 compared to the PM2.5 from Fukue. We also verified the increased secretion of IL-8 protein from exposure to PM2.5 from Kawasaki. We further investigated their effects on inflammatory response and cytotoxicity using metal nanoparticles (Cu, Zn, and Ni) and ions and found that the Cu nanoparticles caused a dose-dependent increase in IL-8 expression together with significant cell death. We also found that Cu nanoparticles enhanced the secretion of IL-8 protein. These results suggest that Cu in PM2.5 is involved in lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Amma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yayoi Inomata
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Risa Kohno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Minami Satake
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Furukawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yuka Nagata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hironori Sugiyama
- Instrumental Analysis Division, Engineering and Technology Department, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takafumi Seto
- Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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Wen W, Hua T, Liu L, Liu X, Ma X, Shen S, Deng Z. Oxidative Potential Characterization of Different PM 2.5 Sources and Components in Beijing and the Surrounding Region. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5109. [PMID: 36982017 PMCID: PMC10049326 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With the implementation of air pollution control measures, the concentration of air pollutants in the North China Plain has exhibited a downward trend, but severe fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution remains. PM2.5 is harmful to human health, and the exploration of its source characteristics and potential hazards has become the key to mitigating PM2.5 pollution. In this study, PM2.5 samples were collected in Beijing and Gucheng during the summer of 2019. PM2.5 components, its oxidative potential (OP), and health risks were characterized. The average PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing and Gucheng during the sampling period were 34.0 ± 6.1 μg/m3 and 37.1 ± 6.9 μg/m3, respectively. The principal component analysis (PCA) results indicated that the main sources of PM2.5 in Beijing were vehicle exhaust and secondary components and that the main sources in Gucheng were industrial emissions, dust and biomass combustion. The OP values were 91.6 ± 42.1 and 82.2 ± 47.1 pmol/(min·m3), respectively, at these two sites. The correlation between the chemical components and the OP values varied with the PM2.5 sources at these two locations. The health risk assessment results demonstrated that Cr and As were potentially carcinogenic to all populations at both sites, and Cd posed a potential carcinogenic risk for adults in Gucheng. Regional cooperation regarding air pollution control must be strengthened to further reduce PM2.5 pollution and its adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tongxin Hua
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xin Ma
- CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Song Shen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zifan Deng
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Moufarrej L, Verdin A, Cazier F, Ledoux F, Courcot D. Oxidative stress response in pulmonary cells exposed to different fractions of PM 2.5-0.3 from urban, traffic and industrial sites. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114572. [PMID: 36244444 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the relationship between oxidative stress damages and particulate matter (PM) chemical composition, sources, and PM fractions. PM2.5-0.3 (PM with equivalent aerodynamic diameter between 2.5 and 0.3 μm) were collected at urban, road traffic and industrial sites in the North of France, and were characterized for major and minor chemical species. Four different fractions (whole PM2.5-0.3, organic, water-soluble and non-extractable matter) were considered for each of the PM2.5-0.3 samples from the three sites. After exposure of BEAS-2B cells to the four different fractions, oxidative stress was studied in cells by quantifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, oxidative damage to proteins (carbonylated proteins), membrane alteration (8-isoprostane) and DNA damages (8-OHdG). Whole PM2.5-0.3 was capable of inducing ROS overproduction and caused damage to proteins at higher levels than other fractions. Stronger cell membrane and DNA damages were found associated with PM and organic fractions from the urban site. ROS overproduction was correlated with level of expression of carbonylated proteins, DNA damages and membrane alteration markers. The PM2.5-0.3 collected under industrial influence appears to be the less linked to cell damages and ROS production in comparison with the other influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Moufarrej
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV UR4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Anthony Verdin
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV UR4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Fabrice Cazier
- Centre Commun de Mesures, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Frédéric Ledoux
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV UR4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140, Dunkerque, France.
| | - Dominique Courcot
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV UR4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140, Dunkerque, France
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Deng M, Chen D, Zhang G, Cheng H. Policy-driven variations in oxidation potential and source apportionment of PM 2.5 in Wuhan, central China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158255. [PMID: 36028034 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
China has implemented several control measures to mitigate PM2.5 pollution and improve air quality, such as the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution (APPCAP). To comprehensively assess the changes in ambient PM2.5 concentrations and the corresponding health risk with the implementation of APPCAP, this study examined PM2.5 samples collected in Wuhan in 2012/2013 and 2018 for water-soluble ions, carbonaceous fractions, and elements, respectively. Dithiothreitol (DTT) assay was used to determine the oxidation potential (OP) of PM2.5. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model and the multiple linear regression (MLR) model were used to analyze PM2.5 sources and the contribution of each source to the OP of PM2.5. The results showed that PM2.5 concentrations in Wuhan decreased significantly, however, there was little change in the health risk and a significant increase in intrinsic toxicity. DTTv (the volume-normalized dithiothreitol) showed high correlations (r > 0.5, p < 0.01) with water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), organic carbon (OC), secondary ions (NO3-, SO42-, and NH4+), and elements. Compared to 2012/2013, the contribution of vehicle emissions and secondary aerosol sources to PM2.5 increased significantly in 2018. Biomass burning sources significantly contribute to DTTv in the summer and autumn, and secondary aerosol sources significantly contribute to DTTv in winter. The human health impacts from coal combustion sources remained high, while vehicle emission sources increased. In the context of decreasing PM2.5 concentrations, the role of vehicle emissions health impacts is increasingly significant due to the large increment in vehicle ownership and high inherent OP. Therefore, targeting vehicle emissions for control is of great importance for human health and needs to be given great attention in future policymaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Deng
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Danhong Chen
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hairong Cheng
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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9
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Wang N, Zhang Y, Li L, Wang H, Zhao Y, Wu G, Li M, Zhou Z, Wang X, Yu JZ, Zhou Y. Ambient particle characteristics by single particle aerosol mass spectrometry at a coastal site in Hong Kong: a case study affected by the sea-land breeze. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14116. [PMID: 36325180 PMCID: PMC9620973 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The sea-land breeze (SLB) circulation plays a vital role in the transport of atmospheric pollutants in coastal cities. In this study, a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) and combined bulk aerosol instruments were deployed to investigate the ambient particle characteristic at a suburban coastal site in Hong Kong from February 22 to March 10, 2013. Significant SLB circulations were captured from March 6-10, 2013, during the campaign. During the SLB periods, air quality worsened, with PM2.5 concentrations reaching a peak of 55.6 μg m-3 and an average value of 42.8 ± 4.5 μg m-3. A total of 235,894 particles were measured during the SLB stage. Eight major sources were identified by investigating the mixing states of the total particles, including the coal-burning related particles (48.1%), biomass burning particles (6.7%), vehicle emission-related particles (16.4%), sea salt (9.2%), ship emission particles (2.7%), dust/steeling industries (3.7%), waste incineration (6.3%), and road dust (3.9%). It was noteworthy that the PM2.5 concentrations and particle numbers increased sharply during the transition of land wind to the sea breeze. Meanwhile, the continental sourced pollutants recirculated back to land resulting in a cumulative increase in pollutants. Both individual and bulk measurements support the above results, with high contributions from coal burning, biomass burning, bulk K+, and NO3 -, which were probably from the regional transportation from the nearby area. In contrast, the ship and vehicle emissions increased during the SLB period, with a high sulfate concentration partially originating from the ship emission. In this study, field evidence of continental-source pollutants backflow to land with the evolution of sea breeze was observed and helped our current understanding of the effect of SLB on air quality in the coastal city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Wang
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment Safety and Pollution Control, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Houwen Wang
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Yunhui Zhao
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Guanru Wu
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment Safety and Pollution Control, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment Safety and Pollution Control, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Zhen Yu
- Division of Environment, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
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10
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Yu Q, Chen J, Qin W, Ahmad M, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Xin K, Ai J. Oxidative potential associated with water-soluble components of PM 2.5 in Beijing: The important role of anthropogenic organic aerosols. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 433:128839. [PMID: 35397338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the mainstream toxicological mechanism for the adverse health outcomes of ambient aerosols. However, our understanding of the crucial redox-active species affecting the oxidative potential of water-soluble aerosols (OPWS) remains limited. In this study, the OPWS of PM2.5 in Beijing was measured using dithiothreitol (DTT) assay, including DTT consumption rate and ·OH formation rate. OPWS was more closely related to water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC) rather than transition metals. Laboratory simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of individual target species in the context of complex metal-organic interactions. The results showed that reducing WSOC can effectively decrease OPWS, while reducing Cu2+ increased OPWS. Parallel factor analysis demonstrated that OPWS was the most significantly correlated with the highly oxidized humic-like or quinone-like substances. Multiple linear regression showed that aromatic secondary organic carbon (SOC) (34.4%), other primary combustion sources of WSOC (20.0%), primary biomass burning WSOC (19.8%), transition metal ions (12.9%) and biomass burning SOC (12.8%) made significant contributions to DTTV. In addition to the anthropogenic sources of WSOC, the aged biogenic SOC also contributed to OHV, particularly in summer. Reducing anthropogenic WSOC was the key to the effective control of OPWS of PM2.5 in Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Weihua Qin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuepeng Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuewei Sun
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ke Xin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Ai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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11
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Wang Y, Puthussery JV, Yu H, Liu Y, Salana S, Verma V. Sources of cellular oxidative potential of water-soluble fine ambient particulate matter in the Midwestern United States. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127777. [PMID: 34838366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the spatiotemporal distribution and sources of cellular oxidative potential (OP) in the Midwest US. Weekly samples were collected from three urban [Chicago (IL), Indianapolis (IN), and St. Louis (MO)], one rural [Bondville (IL], and one roadside site [Champaign (IL)] for a year (May 2018 to May 2019), and analyzed for water-soluble cellular OP using a macrophage reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay. Chemical composition of the samples including several carbonaceous components, inorganic ions, and water-soluble elementals, were also analyzed. The emission sources contributing to water-soluble cellular OP and PM2.5 mass were analyzed using positive matrix factorization. The secondary organic aerosols contributed substantially (≥54%) to PM2.5 cellular OP at urban sites, while the roadside and rural OP were dominated by road dust (54%) and agricultural activities (62%), respectively. However, none of these sources contributed substantially to the PM2.5 mass (≤21%). Other sources contributing significantly to the PM2.5 mass, i.e., secondary sulfate and nitrate, biomass burning and coal combustion (14-26%) contributed minimally to the cellular OP (≤13%). Such divergent profiles of the emission sources contributing to cellular OP vs. PM2.5 mass demonstrate the need of considering more health-relevant metrics such as OP in the design of air pollution control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Joseph V Puthussery
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Haoran Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Yicen Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Sudheer Salana
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Vishal Verma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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12
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Shang J, Zhang Y, Schauer JJ, Chen S, Yang S, Han T, Zhang D, Zhang J, An J. Prediction of the oxidation potential of PM 2.5 exposures from pollutant composition and sources. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118492. [PMID: 34785286 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The inherent oxidation potential (OP) of atmospheric particulate matter has been shown to be an important metric in assessing the biological activity of inhaled particulate matter and is associated with the composition of PM2.5. The current study examined the chemical composition of 388 personal PM2.5 samples collected from students and guards living in urban and suburban areas of Beijing, and assessed the ability to predict OP from the calculated metrics of carcinogenic risk, represented by ELCR (excess lifetime cancer risk), non-carcinogenic risk represented by HI (hazard index), and the composition and sources of the particulate matter using multiple linear regression methods. The correlations between calculated ELCR and HI and the measured OP were 0.37 and 0.7, respectively. HI was a better predictor of OP than ELCR. The prediction models based on pollutants (Model_1) and pollution sources (Model_2) were constructed by multiple linear regression method, and Pearson correlation coefficients between the predicted results of Model_1 and Model_2 with the measured volume normalized OP are 0.81 and 0.80, showing good prediction ability. Previous investigations in Europe and North America have developed location-specific relationships between the chemical composition of particulate matter and OP using regression methods. We also examined the ability of relationships between OP and composition, sources, developed in Europe and North America, to predict the OP of particulate matter in Beijing from the composition and sources determined in Beijing. The relationships developed in Europe and North America provided good predictive ability in Beijing and it suggests that these relationships can be used to predict OP from the chemical composition measured in other regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shang
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100089, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), China
| | - Yuanxun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - James J Schauer
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53718, USA
| | - Sumin Chen
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, China
| | - Shujian Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Tingting Han
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Jinjian Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Jianxiong An
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, Beijing, China
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13
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Hsiao TC, Chou LT, Pan SY, Young LH, Chi KH, Chen AY. Chemically and temporally resolved oxidative potential of urban fine particulate matter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118206. [PMID: 34740290 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vehicle emissions are an important source of particulate matter (PM) in urban areas and have well-known adverse health effects on human health. Oxidative potential (OP) is used as a quantification metric for indexing PM toxicity. In this study, by using a liquid spot sampler (LSS) and the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay, the diurnal OP variation was assessed at a ground-level urban monitoring station. Besides, since the monitoring station was adjacent to the main road, the correlation between OP and traffic volume was also evaluated. PM components, including metals, water-soluble inorganic aerosols (WSIAs), black carbon (BC), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were also simultaneously monitored. The daytime and evening mean ± std volume-normalized OP (OPv) were 0.46 ± 0.27 and 0.48 ± 0.26 nmol/min/m3, and exhibited good correlations with PM1.0 and BC; however, these concentrations were only weakly correlated with mass-normalized OP (OPm). The mean ± std OPm was higher in the daytime (41.3 ± 13.8 pmol/min/μg) than in the evening (36.1 ± 11.5 pmol/min/μg). According to the PMF analysis, traffic emissions dominated the diurnal OP contribution. Organic matter and individual metals associated with non-exhaust traffic emissions, such as Mn, Fe, and Cu, contributed substantially to OP. Diurnal variations of PAH concentrations suggest that photochemical reactions could enhance OP, highlighting the importance of atmospheric aging on PM toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Centre for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Ti Chou
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Pan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hao Young
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hsien Chi
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Albert Y Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Zhu H, Wu Y, Kuang X, Liu H, Guo Z, Qian J, Wang D, Wang M, Chu H, Gong W, Zhang Z. Effect of PM 2.5 exposure on circulating fibrinogen and IL-6 levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129565. [PMID: 33460893 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution poses a great threat on global health. Previous studies have reported that PM2.5 regulates circulating fibrinogen and IL-6 levels in the development of cardiovascular and respiratory disease. However, the correlation between PM2.5 exposure and both biomarkers remains inconsistent. METHODS We searched related articles through PubMed, Web of Science and ScienceDirect. Random effects model was used to obtain a pooled estimate effect of both biomarkers as PM2.5 concentration increased by every 10 μg/m3. Meta-regression analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias test were conducted to evaluate the heterogeneity, stability and reliability of this meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 22 articles were included. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration was significantly correlated with a 1.76% increase in circulating fibrinogen level (95% CI: 0.38%-3.14%, P = 0.013) and a 4.66% increase in IL-6 level (95% CI: 1.14%-8.18%, P = 0.010). Subgroup analysis revealed that high-level PM2.5 exposure had a more significant association with circulating IL-6 level (11.67%, 95% CI: 0.66%-22.69%, P = 0.038) than low-level exposure, but this association was not observed in fibrinogen (2.50%, 95% CI: -0.78%-5.77%, P = 0.135). Sensitivity analysis and publication bias test confirmed the stability of the results. CONCLUSION Circulating fibrinogen and IL-6 significantly increased with exposure to PM2.5, may serve as promising biomarkers for PM2.5-related adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Zhu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center of Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center of Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingya Kuang
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanting Liu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center of Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center of Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Yizheng Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Yizheng, China
| | - Dafei Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yixing Cancer Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center of Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center of Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Weida Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, China.
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center of Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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15
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Chen XC, Chuang HC, Ward TJ, Sarkar C, Webster C, Cao J, Hsiao TC, Ho KF. Toxicological effects of personal exposure to fine particles in adult residents of Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 275:116633. [PMID: 33561752 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Toxicological studies have demonstrated the associations between fine particle (PM2.5) components and various cytotoxic endpoints. However, few studies have investigated the toxicological effects of source-specific PM2.5 at the individual level. To investigate the potential impact of source-specific PM2.5 on cytotoxic effects, we performed repeated personal PM2.5 monitoring of 48 adult participants in Hong Kong during the winter and summer of 2014-2015. Quartz filters were analyzed for carbonaceous aerosols and water-soluble ions in PM2.5. Teflon filters were collected to determine personal PM2.5 mass and metal concentrations. The toxicological effects of personal PM2.5 exposure-including cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production-were measured using A549 cells in vitro. Personal PM2.5 samples collected in winter were more effective than those collected in summer at inducing cytotoxicity and the expression of proinflammation cytokine IL-6. By contrast, summer personal PM2.5 samples induced high ROS production. We performed a series of statistical analyses, Spearman correlation and a source apportionment approach with a multiple linear regression (MLR) model, to explore the sources contributing most significantly to personal PM2.5 bioreactivity. Secondary inorganic species and transition metals were discovered to be weak-to-moderately associated with cytotoxicity (rs: 0.26-0.55; p < 0.01) and inflammatory response (rs: 0.26-0.44; p < 0.05), respectively. Carbonaceous aerosols (i.e., organic and elemental carbon; rs: 0.23-0.27; p < 0.05) and crustal material (Mg and Ca) was positively associated with ROS generation. The PMF-MLR models revealed that tailpipe exhaust and secondary sulfate contributed to ROS generation, whereas secondary nitrate was the major contributor to PM2.5 cytotoxicity and inflammation. These results improve and variate the arguments for practical policies designed to mitigate the risks posed by air pollution sources and to protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cui Chen
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tony J Ward
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Chinmoy Sarkar
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chris Webster
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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16
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Yang Z, Liu Q, Liu Y, Qi X, Wang X. Cell cycle arrest of human bronchial epithelial cells modulated by differences in chemical components of particulate matter. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10582-10591. [PMID: 35423563 PMCID: PMC8695810 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10563e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in understanding the role of airborne chemical components in modulating the cell cycle of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells that is associated with burden of cardiopulmonary disease. To address this need, our study collected ambient PM10 (particles with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 μm) and PM2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm) across four sampling sites in Beijing during the year of 2015. Chemical components including organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals and water soluble ions were determined. Spearman's rank-order correlation was performed to examine the associations between chemical components in ambient particles and cell cycle distributions with p-values adjusted by Bonferroni methodology. Our results demonstrated the significant associations between certain chemical compositions (i.e., PAHs, EC, As and Ni) and percentages of HBE cells in G0/G1 and G1/G2 phases, respectively. Our results highlighted the need to reduce the specific toxins (e.g., PAHs, EC, As and Ni) from ambient particles to protect cardiopulmonary health associated with air pollution. Future study may focus on illustrating the mechanism of certain chemical compositions in altering the cell cycle in HBE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center Beijing 100076 China
| | - Qingyang Liu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu Province 210037 China
| | - Yanju Liu
- Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center Beijing 100076 China .,Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis Beijing 100089 China
| | - Xuekui Qi
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis Beijing 100089 China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis Beijing 100089 China
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17
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Ma X, Nie D, Chen M, Ge P, Liu Z, Ge X, Li Z, Gu R. The Relative Contributions of Different Chemical Components to the Oxidative Potential of Ambient Fine Particles in Nanjing Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062789. [PMID: 33801823 PMCID: PMC8001455 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ambient fine particles (PM2.5) have been shown to have adverse health effects by inducing oxidative stress. Here, dithiothreitol (DTT)-based oxidative potential (OP) was used to assess the capacity of oxidative stress caused by PM2.5. In this study, PM2.5 samples were collected in the Nanjing area in 2016, and physicochemical properties and DTT activity were investigated. The annual mean PM2.5 mass concentration was 73 μg m−3 and greatly varied among seasons (spring > winter > summer > autumn). Three fluorescent substances were identified by the excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectrum. The annual mean mass-normalized DTT activity (DTTm; 0.02 nmol min−1 μg−1) was similar to that documented for cities of some developed countries. The annual mean volume-normalized DTT activity (DTTv) showed a relatively high value of 1.16 nmol min−1 m−3, and the seasonal mean DTTv was highest in winter, followed by spring, autumn, and summer, whose pattern is different from PM2.5 mass concentration. Correlation and multiple linear regression analysis suggested that transition metals may have a greater effect on OP in autumn and winter, humic-like substances and UV absorbing aromatic substances may have a strong effect on OP in spring and summer. Generally, this study enhances our understanding of seasonal variation in health effects associated with PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (X.M.); (P.G.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Dongyang Nie
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Mindong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (X.M.); (P.G.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-5873-1089
| | - Pengxiang Ge
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (X.M.); (P.G.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhengjiang Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (X.M.); (P.G.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xinlei Ge
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (X.M.); (P.G.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhirao Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (X.M.); (P.G.); (Z.L.); (X.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Rui Gu
- Siegwerk Shanghai Ltd., Shanghai 201108, China;
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18
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Gao X, Zhou X, Zou H, Wang Q, Zhou Z, Chen R, Yuan W, Luan Y, Quan C, Zhang M. Exposure characterization and risk assessment of ultrafine particles from the blast furnace process in a steelmaking plant. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12257. [PMID: 34375492 PMCID: PMC8354618 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to clarify the exposure characteristics and risks of ultrafine particles from the blast furnace process and to provide a reasonable control strategy for protecting the health of workers. METHODS The blast furnace location of a steelmaking plant was selected as a typical investigation site. A membrane-based sampling system was used to collect ultrafine particles to analyze their morphology and elemental compositions. A real-time system was used to monitor the total number concentration (NC), total respirable mass concentration (MC), surface area concentration (SAC), and size distribution by number. The risk level of ultrafine particles was analyzed using the Stoffenmanager-Nano model. RESULTS The total NC, total MC, and SAC increased significantly relative to background concentrations after slag releasing started and decreased gradually after the activity stopped. The three highest total concentrations during slag releasing were 3-10 times higher than those of the background or non-activity period. The ultrafine particles were mainly gathered at 10.4 or 40 nm, and presented as lump-like agglomerates. The metal elements (Al and Pt) in the ultrafine particles originated from slag and iron ore. The risk level of the ultrafine particles was high, indicating the existing control measures were insufficient. CONCLUSIONS The blast furnace workers are at high risk due to exposure to high levels of ultrafine particles associated with working activity and with a bimodal size distribution. The existing control strategies, including engineering control, management control, and personal protection equipment need to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjing Gao
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation ProtectionZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhouChina
| | - Xingfan Zhou
- Beijing Municipal Institute of Labour ProtectionBeijing Academy of Science and TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Hua Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation ProtectionZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhouChina
| | - Qunli Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational HealthNingbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and PreventionNingboChina
| | - Zanrong Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation ProtectionZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhouChina
| | - Rui Chen
- Beijing Municipal Institute of Labour ProtectionBeijing Academy of Science and TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation ProtectionZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhouChina
| | - Yuqing Luan
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation ProtectionZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhouChina
| | - Changjian Quan
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation ProtectionZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhouChina
| | - Meibian Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation ProtectionZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhouChina
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Assessment of source contributions to organic carbon in ambient fine particle using receptor model with inorganic and organic source tracers at an urban site of Beijing. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2787-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Zhou X, Strezov V, Jiang Y, Yang X, Kan T, Evans T. Contamination identification, source apportionment and health risk assessment of trace elements at different fractions of atmospheric particles at iron and steelmaking areas in China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230983. [PMID: 32240214 PMCID: PMC7117772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
China has the largest share of global iron and steel production, which is considered to play a significant contribution to air pollution. This study aims to investigate trace element contamination at different fractions of particulate matter (PM) at industrial areas in China. Three PM fractions, PM2.1-9.0, PM1.1-2.1 and PM1.1, were collected from areas surrounding iron and steelmaking plants at Kunming, Wuhan, Nanjing and Ningbo in China. Multiple trace elements and their bioavailability, as well as Pb isotopic compositions, were analysed for identification of contaminants, health risk assessment and source apportionment. Results showed that PM particles in the sites near industrial areas were associated with a range of toxic trace elements, specifically As, Cr(VI), Cd and Mn, and posed significant health risks to humans. The isotopic Pb compositions identified that coal and high temperature metallurgical processes in the steelmaking process were the dominant contributors to local air pollution in these sites. In addition to iron and steelmaking activities, traffic emissions and remote pollution also played a contributing role in PM contamination, confirmed by the differences of Pb isotopic compositions at each PM fraction and statistical results from Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) and Geometrical Analysis for Interactive Aid (GAIA). The results presented in this study provide a comprehensive understanding of PM emissions at iron and steelmaking areas, which helps to guide subsequent updates of air pollution control guidelines to efficiently minimise environmental footprint and ensure long term sustainability of the industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoteng Zhou
- ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Vladimir Strezov
- ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yijiao Jiang
- ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tao Kan
- ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tim Evans
- ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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21
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Schauer JJ, de Foy B, Cai T, Zhang Y. Impacts of Sources on PM 2.5 Oxidation Potential during and after the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference in Huairou, Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:2585-2594. [PMID: 31951123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To illustrate the major sources responsible for the redox activity of ambient fine particles during the 2014 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) conference in Beijing, 3 months of daytime (8:00-19:30 LST) and nighttime (20:00-7:30 LST) particulate kmatter (PM2.5) was collected in Huairou, Beijing from November 3, 2014 through January 31, 2015. PM2.5 compositions were analyzed, including elements, organic carbon, elemental carbon, water-soluble ions, organics, and redox activities measured by both the dithiothreitol and the macrophage reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays. The mass-normalized redox activity was approximately constant during the noncontrol period (NCP) and control period (CP). The absolute value of the volume-normalized redox activity was about 4 times higher during NCP than that during CP, indicating the effectiveness of the control measures. The statistical analysis results showed that an interquartile range increase in PM2.5 mass, chemicals, and sources (μg/m3) was associated with the 1-3% increase in redox activity, indicating that the successful control did make a significant reduction in redox activity but did not elucidate that some source controls (i.e., vehicle emissions) could be more effective at reducing redox activity than other control programs (i.e., dust source). This study demonstrated that combustion particles from both solid fuels and liquid fuels could contribute to ROS generation. Furthermore, ROS could be formed in the atmosphere via photochemical reactions, which highlights the need to further research on their formation pathways. A better understanding of the relevant mechanistic pathways and different source contributors to ROS will help to guide strategies for targeted mitigation of the atmospheric oxidation potential and will also help to reduce the great disease stress caused by exposure to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanxun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Institute of Bishan Eco-Environment, Bishan, Chongqing 402760, China
| | - James J Schauer
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Benjamin de Foy
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - Tianqi Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering, Beijing 100854, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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