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Ventura E, Gonçalves JM, Vilke JM, d'Errico G, Benedetti M, Regoli F, Bebianno MJ. Are mixtures of micro/nanoplastics more toxic than individual micro or nanoplastic contamination in the clam Ruditapes decussatus? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 206:116697. [PMID: 39018822 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The abundance of micro (MPs) and nano (NPs) sized plastic particles in the ocean is concerning due to their harmful effects on marine life. The interactions between MPs and NPs in the marine environment and their impact on marine biota remain not fully understood. This study contributes with new insights into the interaction between polystyrene NPs (PSNPs) and polyethylene MPs (PEMPs) on the clam Ruditapes decussatus. Results showed ingestion of MPs and NPs by clams, with PSNPs demonstrating higher toxicity in hemolymph. While no genotoxicity was observed, clams treated with MPs and the mixture showed increased acetylcolinesterase (AchE) activity over time. Additionally, the antioxidant defense system mitigated oxidative stress, suggesting effective neutralization of reactive oxygen species. Hazard assessment indicated the greatest impact on clam digestive glands after ten days of exposure, with an antagonistic interaction between MPs and NPs noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ventura
- CIMA, Centre of Marine and Environmental Research\ARNET - Infrastructure Network in Aquatic Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-139 Faro, Portugal; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Joanna M Gonçalves
- CIMA, Centre of Marine and Environmental Research\ARNET - Infrastructure Network in Aquatic Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Juliano M Vilke
- CIMA, Centre of Marine and Environmental Research\ARNET - Infrastructure Network in Aquatic Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Giuseppe d'Errico
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Maura Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; National Future Biodiversity Centre (NFBC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; National Future Biodiversity Centre (NFBC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria João Bebianno
- CIMA, Centre of Marine and Environmental Research\ARNET - Infrastructure Network in Aquatic Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-139 Faro, Portugal.
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2
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Lee YM, Choi KM, Mun SH, Yoo JW, Jung JH. Gut microbiota composition of the isopod Ligia in South Korea exposed to expanded polystyrene pollution. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308246. [PMID: 39110709 PMCID: PMC11305568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastics pose a considerable challenge to aquatic ecosystems because of their increasing global usage and non-biodegradable properties. Coastal plastic debris can persist in ecosystems; however, its effects on resident organisms remain unclear. A metagenomic analysis of the isopoda Ligia, collected from clean (Nae-do, ND) and plastic-contaminated sites (Maemul-do, MD) in South Korea, was conducted to clarify the effects of microplastic contamination on the gut microbiota. Ligia gut microbiota's total operational taxonomic units were higher in ND than in MD. Alpha diversity did not differ significantly between the two Ligia gut microbial communities collected from ND and MD, although richness (Observed species) was lower in MD than in ND. Proteobacteria (67.47%, ND; 57.30%, MD) and Bacteroidetes (13.63%, ND; 20.76%, MD) were the most abundant phyla found at both sites. Significant different genera in Ligia from EPS-polluted sites were observed. Functional gene analysis revealed that 19 plastic degradation-related genes, including those encoding hydrogenase, esterase, and carboxylesterase, were present in the gut microbes of Ligia from MD, indicating the potential role of the Ligia gut microbiota in plastic degradation. This study provides the first comparative field evidence of the gut microbiota dynamics of plastic detritus consumers in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Convergence Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Min Choi
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hee Mun
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Won Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Convergence Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Jung
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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3
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Yu J, Chen J, Li Q, Ren P, Tang Y, Huang R, Lu Y, Chen K. Toxicity and fate of cadmium in hydroponically cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) influenced by microplastics. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 278:116422. [PMID: 38705040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Although more attention has been paid to microplastics (MPs) pollution in environment, research on the synthetic influence of microplastic and heavy metals remains limited. To help fill this information gap, we investigated the adsorption behavior of virgin polyvinyl chloride microplastics (PVCMPs) (≤450 µm white spherical powder) on cadmium (II). The effects on seed germination, seedling growth, photosynthetic system, oxidative stress indicators of lettuce, and changes in Cd bioavailability were evaluated under Cd2+ (25 μmol/L), PVCMPs (200 mg/L), and PVCMP-Cd combined (200 mg/L + 25 μmol/L) exposures in hydroponic system. The results demonstrated that the PVCMPs effectively adsorbed Cd ions, which validated by the pseudo-second-order kinetic and the Langmuir isotherm models, indicating the sorption of Cd2+ on the PVCMPs was primary chemisorption and approximates monomolecular layer sorption. Compared to MPs, Cd significantly inhibits plant seed germination and seedling growth and development. However, Surprising improvement in seed germination under PVCMPs-Cd exposure was observed. Moreover, Cd2+ and MPs alone or combined stress caused oxidative stress with reactive oxygen species (ROS) including H2O2, O2- and Malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in plants, and substantially damaged to photosynthesis. With the addition of PVCMPs, the content of Cd in the leaves significantly (P<0.01) decreased by 1.76-fold, and the translocation factor and Cd2+removal rate in the water substantially (P<0.01) decreased by 6.73-fold and 1.67-fold, respectively in contrast to Cd2+ stress alone. Therefore, it is concluded the PVCMP was capable of reducing Cd contents in leaves, alleviating Cd toxicity in lettuce. Notably, this study provides a scientific foundation and reference for comprehending the toxicological interactions between microplastics and heavy metals in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadie Yu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Juelin Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Qiong Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Peng Ren
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Yunlai Tang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Renhua Huang
- College of Biological Engineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, PR China
| | - Yunmei Lu
- College of Biological Engineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, PR China.
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China.
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4
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Song X, Ding J, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Peng Y, Wang Z, Pan G, Zou H. New insights into changes in phosphorus profile at sediment-water interface by microplastics: Role of benthic bioturbation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134047. [PMID: 38492392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have attracted increasing attention due to their ubiquitous occurrence in freshwater sediments and the detrimental effects on benthic invertebrates. However, a clear understanding of their downstream impacts on ecosystem services is still lacking. This study examines the effects of bio-based polylactic acid (PLA), fuel-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and biofilm-covered PET (BPET) MPs on the bioturbator chironomid larvae (Tanypus chinensis), and the influence on phosphorus (P) profiles in microcosms. The changes in biochemical responses and metabolic pathways indicated that MPs disrupted energy synthesis by causing intestinal blockage and oxidative stress in T. chinensis, leading to energy depletion and impaired bioturbation activity. The impairment further resulted in enhanced sedimentary P immobilization. For larval treatments, the internal-P loadings were respectively 11.4%, 8.6%, and 9.0% higher in the PLA, PET, and BPET groups compared to the non-MP control. Furthermore, the influence of bioturbation on P profiles was MP-type dependent. Both BPET and PLA treatments displayed more obvious impacts on P profiles compared to PET due to the changes in MP bioavailability or sediment microenvironment. This study connects individual physiological responses to broader ecosystem services, showing that MPs alter P biogeochemical processes by disrupting the bioturbation activities of chironomid larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Song
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiannan Ding
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215009, China; Biomass Energy and Biological Carbon Reduction Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yunbo Zhang
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingda Zhu
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yi Peng
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215009, China; Biomass Energy and Biological Carbon Reduction Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Gang Pan
- School of Humanity, York St John University, Lord Mayor's Walk, York YO31 7EX, UK
| | - Hua Zou
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215009, China; Biomass Energy and Biological Carbon Reduction Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Wuxi 214122, China
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5
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Wen H, Xu H, Ma Y, Zhang C, Zhang D, Wang X. Diverse and high pollution of microplastics in seasonal snow across Northeastern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167923. [PMID: 37858829 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Snow scavenging is recognized as one of the major sinks for atmospheric microplastics (MPs). However, little is known about the properties of MPs in large-scale surface snow. Using Nile Red staining and micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we identified the shapes, sizes, and polymer components of MPs in seasonal snow across northeastern (NE) China, a major industrial area. The average concentration of MPs was (4.52 ± 3.05) × 104 MPs L-1, and the highest contamination (6.65 ± 3.89) × 104 MPs L-1 was observed in Changbai Mountains, which was the highest concentration observed in surface snow to the extent of literature. The majority of snow MPs were smaller than 50 μm and composed primarily of fragments. Ethylene vinyl acetate and polyethylene were the dominant contributors to their chemical components. Investigation with positive matrix factorization revealed that the MPs were primarily generated by debris from packaging materials, followed by industrial and construction activities. In addition, the winter atmospheric circulation over the northwestern Siberian and Mongolian plateaus likely dominated the wide-range dispersion and deposition of the MPs across NE China. These results provide a first comprehensive perspective of MPs from sources to removal associated with snow in a large geographic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxuan Wen
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Han Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuling Ma
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Daizhou Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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6
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Wang X, Zhao Z, Jiang J, Mi R, Guan X, Dong Y, Li S, Chen Z, Gao S, Wang B, Xiao Y, Pan Y, Zhou Z. Temporal stability and assembly mechanisms of gut microbiota in sea cucumbers response to nanoplastics treatment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115407. [PMID: 37639828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture provides essential food for humans, and the health of farmed species is particularly important for the aquaculture industry. Aquaculture environment could be a sink of plastic debris (PDs) due to the enclosed character and heavy use of plastics. Gut microbiota of aquaculture species could respond to the exogenous pollutants and regulate the health of hosts. Here, variations in gut microbiota of Apostichopus japonicus induced by the ingested nanoplastics (NPs) were investigated by a lab experiment. We selected a NPs concentration gradient of 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg to simulate microplastic pollution to A. japonicus, and the significant differences in gut microbiota composition after 21 days of NP exposure were evaluated. According to the high-throughput sequencing from time series samples, a decrease of diversity in gut microbiota of A. japonicus with dietary NPs was observed. In addition, the gut microbiota compositions of sea cucumbers with and without NPs exposure were also distinct, expressing as enrichment of Bacteroidota while reducement of Proteobacteria under NPs stresses. Combined the results of network analysis, the less complexity and stability of gut microbiota in sea cucumbers with dietary NPs were proved. Based on the neutral community model, the ingested NPs elevated the contribution of stochastic processes for the gut microbiota assembly in sea cucumbers. Our study showed that substantial variations in gut microbiota of A. japonicus under NPs stresses, and also explored the underlying mechanisms regulating these changes. This research would offer new meaningful insights into the toxicity of NPs on sea cucumbers, contributing a solid fundament to improve the health of sea cucumbers under NPs stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuda Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Zelong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Rui Mi
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Ying Dong
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Shilei Li
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Bai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Yongjia Pan
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Zunchun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China.
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7
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Khaleel R, Valsan G, Rangel-Buitrago N, Warrier AK. Microplastics in the marine environment of St. Mary's Island: implications for human health and conservation. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1034. [PMID: 37568065 PMCID: PMC10421776 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics have now been identified as a class of emerging pollutants and is considered as a threat to aquatic organisms. This baseline paper investigated the distribution, composition, and potential ecological risks of microplastic (MP) pollution on St. Mary's Island, revealing an average abundance of 0.218 particles/L in water samples. Blue fibres and white foams were the primary MPs identified, and fishing activities and packaging were the main sources of pollution. Six types of polymers were identified: low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS), polyamide (PA), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The Polymer Hazard Index (PHI) and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) indicated a medium environmental risk for the island. Additionally, it was discovered that MPs' surfaces contained dangerous substances that could endanger aquatic life. The research emphasizes the significance of implementing measures such as responsible disposal, management, elimination, regulatory policies, and local administration techniques to mitigate the impact of MP pollution on the island's shores and marine biota. This research provides a baseline for monitoring MP contamination and underscores the need for continuous investigation to assess their impacts on marine life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Khaleel
- Department of Sciences, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Gokul Valsan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Nelson Rangel-Buitrago
- Programa de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Anish Kumar Warrier
- Centre for Climate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Mao Y, Fan S, Li X, Shi J, Wang M, Niu Z, Chen G. Trash to treasure: electrocatalytic upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastic to value-added products by Mn 0.1Ni 0.9Co 2O 4-δ RSFs spinel. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131743. [PMID: 37270957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution has emerged as a pressing environmental issue of global concern due to its detrimental effects on the environment and ecology. Restricted to their characters of complex composition, it is a great challenge to propose a more cost-effective approach to achieve highly selective conversion of microplastic into add-value products. Here we demonstrate an upcycling strategy for converting PET microplastics into added-value chemicals (formate, terephthalic acid and K2SO4). PET is initially hydrolyzed in KOH solution to produce terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, which is subsequently used as an electrolyte to produce formate at the anode. Meanwhile, the cathode undergoes hydrogen evolution reaction to produce H2. Preliminary techno-economic analysis suggests that this strategy has certain economic feasibility and a novel Mn0.1Ni0.9Co2O4-δ rod-shaped fiber (RSFs) catalyst we synthesized can achieve high Faradaic efficiency (> 95%) at 1.42 V vs. RHE with optimistic formate productivity. The high catalytic performance can be attributed to the doping of Mn changing the electronic structure and reducing the metal-oxygen covalency of NiCo2O4, reducing the lattice oxygen oxidation in spinel oxide OER electrocatalysts. This work not only put forward an electrocatalytic strategy for PET microplastic upcycling but also guides the design of electrocatalysts with excellent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shiying Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xinyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Jugong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Mufan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhaodong Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Guohua Chen
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
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9
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Rani-Borges B, Queiroz LG, Prado CCA, de Melo EC, de Moraes BR, Ando RA, de Paiva TCB, Pompêo M. Exposure of the amphipod Hyalella azteca to microplastics. A study on subtoxic responses and particle biofragmentation. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 258:106516. [PMID: 37004465 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are widespread pollutants in the environment and are considered a global pollution problem. Microplastics mostly originate from larger plastics and due to environmental conditions are undergoing constant fragmentation processes. It is important to understand the fragmentation pathways, since they play a key role in the fate of the particles, and also directly influence toxicity. Amphipods are potential inducers of plastic debris fragmentation. Here, Hyalella azteca was exposed to different concentrations (540, 2700, 5400 items/L) of 24.5 µm polystyrene microplastics (PS-MP) for 7 days. After exposure, oxidative stress, particle size reduction, and mortality were checked. No significant mortality was seen in any of the treatments, although changes were recorded in all enzymatic biomarkers analyzed. It was observed that throughout the ingestion and egestion of PS-MP by H. azteca, particles underwent intense fragmentation, presenting a final size up to 25.3% smaller than the initial size. The fragmentation over time (24, 72, 120, 168 h) was verified and the results showed a constant reduction in average particle size indicating that H. azteca are able to induce PS-MP fragmentation. This process may facilitate bioaccumulation and trophic particle transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Rani-Borges
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, 3 de Março Avenue 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba 18087-180, Brazil; Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, USP, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Gonçalves Queiroz
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, USP, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, USP, Matão Street 321, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Caio César Achiles Prado
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, USP, Municipal do Campinho Road, Lorena 12602-810, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Carmine de Melo
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, USP, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Rocha de Moraes
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, USP, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Augusto Ando
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, USP, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Teresa Cristina Brazil de Paiva
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, USP, Municipal do Campinho Road, Lorena 12602-810, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Pompêo
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, USP, Matão Street 321, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
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10
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Li H, Luo QP, Zhao S, Zhou YY, Huang FY, Yang XR, Su JQ. Effect of phenol formaldehyde-associated microplastics on soil microbial community, assembly, and functioning. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130288. [PMID: 36335899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing investigations explore the effects of plastic pollutants on bacterial communities, diversity, and functioning in various ecosystems. However, the impact of microplastics (MPs) on the eukaryotic community, microbial assemblages, and interactions is still limited. Here, we investigated bacterial and micro-eukaryotic communities and functioning in soils with different concentrations of phenol formaldehyde-associated MPs (PF-MPs), and revealed the factors, such as soil properties, microbial community assembly, and interactions between microbes, influencing them. Our results showed that a high concentration (1%) of PF-MPs decreased the microbial interactions and the contribution of deterministic processes to the community assembly of microbes, and consequently changed the communities of bacteria, but not eukaryotes. A significant and negative relationship was determined between N2O emission rate and functional genes related to nitrification, indicating that the competitive interactions between functional microbes would affect the nitrogen cycling of soil ecosystem. We further found that vegetable biomass weakly decreased in treatments with a higher concentration of PF-MPs and positively related to the diversity of micro-eukaryotic communities and functional diversity of bacterial communities. These results suggest that a high concentration of the PF-MPs would influence crop growth by changing microbial communities, interactions, and eukaryotic and functional diversity. Our findings provide important evidence for agriculture management of phenol formaldehyde and suggest that we must consider their threats to microbial community compositions, diversity, and assemblage in soils due to the accumulation of PF-MPs widely used in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Qiu-Ping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Fu-Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ru Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jian-Qiang Su
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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11
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Boháčková J, Havlíčková L, Semerád J, Titov I, Trhlíková O, Beneš H, Cajthaml T. In vitro toxicity assessment of polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl chloride microplastics using three cell lines from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:136996. [PMID: 36336021 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The RTgill-W1 (gill), RTG-2 (gonad), and RTL-W1 (liver) cell lines derived from a freshwater fish rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), were used to assess the toxicity of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and two forms of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Two size fractions (25-μm and 90-μm particles) were tested for all materials. The highest tested concentration was 1 mg/ml, corresponding to from 70 000 ± 9000 to 620 000 ± 57 000 particles/ml for 25-μm particles and from 2300 ± 100 to 11 000 ± 1000 particles/ml for 90-μm particles (depending on the material). Toxicity differences between commercial PVC dry blend powder and secondary microplastics created from a processed PVC were newly described. After a 24-h exposure, the cells were analyzed for changes in viability, 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In addition to the microplastic suspensions, leachates and particles remaining after leaching resuspended in fresh exposure medium were tested. The particles were subjected to leaching for 1, 8, and 15 days. The PVC dry blend (25 μm and 90 μm) and processed PVC (25 μm) increased ROS generation, to which leached chemicals appeared to be the major contributor. PVC dry blend caused substantially higher ROS induction than processed PVC, showing that the former is not suitable for toxicity testing, as it can produce different results from those of secondary PVC. The 90-μm PVC dry blend increased ROS generation only after prolonged leaching. PET did not induce any changes in ROS generation, and none of the tested polymers had any effect on viability or EROD activity. The importance of choosing realistic extraction procedures for microplastic toxicity experiments was emphasized. Conducting long-term experiments is crucial to detect possible environmentally relevant effects. In conclusion, the tested materials showed no acute toxicity to the cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Boháčková
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Havlíčková
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Semerád
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Titov
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Trhlíková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16206, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Beneš
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16206, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Cajthaml
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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12
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Ebaid R, Wang Q, Faisal S, Li L, Abomohra A. Valorization of floral foam waste via pyrolysis optimization for enhanced phenols recovery. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136758. [PMID: 36216112 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of phenol formaldehyde foams is becoming increasingly widespread, especially in floral bouquets, generating toxic microplastics in the environment. The present study evaluated phenols recovery from floral foam waste (FFW) of floral bouquets through optimization of pyrolysis conditions. Compared to the biomass portion in the floral bouquet, FFW showed 55.1% higher carbon content, 56.9% lower nitrogen content, and 44.6% lower oxygen content, with the highest recorded calorific value of 27.43 MJ kg-1. Thermogravimetric analysis showed the relative thermal stability of FFW with gradual weight loss and numerous small peaks at 70 °C (representing short chain volatiles such as formaldehyde and phenol), 450 and 570 °C (due to phenolic and aromatic products release), indicating the richness of FFW with phenolic compounds. Optimization of pyrolysis conditions showed the highest significant biocrude yield of 36.0% at 700 °C for 20 min using FFW load of 2.5 g. However, optimization of phenolic production suggested 520 °C, 30 min, and 3.49 g FFW load as optimum conditions for high biocrude yield with enhanced phenolic proportion. Experimental results using the aforementioned conditions showed phenolics potential of 0.22 g phenolics/g FFW, with 78.8% phenolic compounds composed mainly of phenol and its methyl derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Ebaid
- Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Shah Faisal
- Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Abdelfatah Abomohra
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
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13
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Rani-Borges B, Meitern R, Teesalu P, Raudna-Kristoffersen M, Kreitsberg R, Heinlaan M, Tuvikene A, Ivask A. Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastics on amphipods. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136599. [PMID: 36167206 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lack of microplastics (MP) toxicity studies involving environmentally relevant concentrations and exposure times is concerning. Here we analyzed the potential adverse effects of low density polyethylene (LDPE) MP at environmentally relevant concentration in sub-chronic exposure to two amphipods Gmelinoides fasciatus and Gammarus lacustris, species that naturally compete with each other for their habitats. 14-day exposure to 2 μg/L (8 particles/L corresponding to low exposure) and 2 mg/L (∼8400 particles/L, corresponding to high exposure) of 53-100 μm LDPE MP were used to assess ingestion and egestion of MP, evaluate its effects on amphipod mortality, swimming ability and oxidative stress level. Both amphipod species were effectively ingesting and egesting LDPE MP. On the average, 0.8 and 2.5 MP particles were identified in the intestines of each amphipod exposed to 2 μg/L and 2 mg/L LDPE MP, respectively. Therefore, intestinal MP after 14-day exposure did not fully reflect the differences in LDPE MP exposure concentrations. Increased mortality of both amphipods was observed at 2 mg/L LDPE MP and in case of G. lacustris also at 2 μg/L exposure. The effect of LDPE on swimming activity was observed only in case of G. fasciatus. Oxidative stress marker enzymes SOD, GPx and reduced glutathione GSH varied according to amphipod species and LDPE MP concentration. In general G. lacustris was more sensitive towards LDPE MP induced oxidative stress. Overall, the results suggested that in MP polluted environments, G. lacustris may lose its already naturally low competitiveness and become overcompeted by other more resistant species. The fact that in the sub-chronic foodborne exposure to environmentally relevant and higher LDPE MP concentrations all the observed toxicological endpoints were affected refers to the potential of MP to affect and disrupt aquatic communities in the longer perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Rani-Borges
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, 3 de Março Avenue 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18087-180, Brazil; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Richard Meitern
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi tn 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Paul Teesalu
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Merilin Raudna-Kristoffersen
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi tn 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Randel Kreitsberg
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi tn 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Margit Heinlaan
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Arvo Tuvikene
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Angela Ivask
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
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14
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Seuront L, Zardi GI, Uguen M, Bouchet VMP, Delaeter C, Henry S, Spilmont N, Nicastro KR. A whale of a plastic tale: A plea for interdisciplinary studies to tackle micro- and nanoplastic pollution in the marine realm. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157187. [PMID: 35868387 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastic is one of the most ubiquitous sources of both contamination and pollution of the Anthropocene, and accumulates virtually everywhere on the planet. As such, plastic threatens the environment, the economy and human well-being globally. The related potential threats have been identified as a major global conservation issue and a key research priority. As a consequence, plastic pollution has become one of the most prolific fields of research in research areas including chemistry, physics, oceanography, biology, ecology, ecotoxicology, molecular biology, sociology, economy, conservation, management, and even politics. In this context, one may legitimately expect plastic pollution research to be highly interdisciplinary. However, using the emerging topic of microplastic and nanoplastic leachate (i.e., the desorption of molecules that are adsorbed onto the surface of a polymer and/or absorbed into the polymer matrix in the absence of plastic ingestion) in the ocean as a case study, we argue that this is still far from being the case. Instead, we highlight that plastic pollution research rather seems to remain structured in mostly isolated monodisciplinary studies. A plethora of analytical methods are now available to qualify and quantify plastic monomers, polymers and the related additives. We nevertheless show though a survey of the literature that most studies addressing the effects of leachates on marine organisms essentially still lack of a quantitative assessment of the chemical nature and content of both plastic items and their leachates. In the context of the ever-increasing research effort devoted to assess the biological and ecological effects of plastic waste, we subsequently argue that the lack of a true interdisciplinary approach is likely to hamper the development of this research field. We finally introduce a roadmap for future research which has to evolve through the development of a sound and systematic ability to chemically define what we biologically compare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Seuront
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France; Department of Marine Energy and Resource, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Gerardo I Zardi
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Marine Uguen
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Vincent M P Bouchet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Camille Delaeter
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Solène Henry
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Nicolas Spilmont
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Katy R Nicastro
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; CCMAR-Centro de Ciencias do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
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15
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Samadi A, Kim Y, Lee S, Kim YJ, Esterhuizen M. Review on the ecotoxicological impacts of plastic pollution on the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2615-2638. [PMID: 35907204 PMCID: PMC9796382 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The environmental impacts of plastic pollution have recently attracted universal attention, especially in the aquatic environment. However, research has mostly been focused on marine ecosystems, even though freshwater ecosystems are equally if not more polluted by plastics. In addition, the mechanism and extent to which plastic pollution affects aquatic biota and the rates of transfer to organisms through food webs eventually reaching humans are poorly understood, especially considering leaching hazardous chemicals. Several studies have demonstrated extreme toxicity in freshwater organisms such Daphnia. When such keystone species are affected by ambient pollution, entire food webs are destabilized and biodiversity is threatened. The unremitting increase in plastic contaminants in freshwater environments would cause impairments in ecosystem functions and structure, leading to various kinds of negative ecological consequences. As various studies have reported the effects on daphnids, a consolidation of this literature is critical to discuss the limitations and knowledge gaps and to evaluate the risk posed to the aquatic environment. This review was undertaken due to the evident need to evaluate this threat. The aims were to provide a meaningful overview of the literature relevant to the potential impact of plastic pollution and associated contaminants on freshwater daphnids as primary consumers. A critical evaluation of research gaps and perspectives is conducted to provide a comprehensive risk assessment of microplastic as a hazard to aquatic environments. We outlined the challenges and limitations to microplastic research in hampering better-focused investigations that could support the development of new plastic materials and/or establishment of new regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Samadi
- Environmental Safety GroupKorea Institute of Science and Technology EuropeSaarbruckenGermany
| | - Youngsam Kim
- Environmental Safety GroupKorea Institute of Science and Technology EuropeSaarbruckenGermany
- Division of Energy & Environment TechnologyUniversity of Science & TechnologyDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Sang‐Ah Lee
- Environmental Safety GroupKorea Institute of Science and Technology EuropeSaarbruckenGermany
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Environmental Safety GroupKorea Institute of Science and Technology EuropeSaarbruckenGermany
- Division of Energy & Environment TechnologyUniversity of Science & TechnologyDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Maranda Esterhuizen
- Environmental Safety GroupKorea Institute of Science and Technology EuropeSaarbruckenGermany
- Ecosystems and Environment Research ProgrammeUniversity of HelsinkiLahtiFinland
- Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment, Earth, and ResourcesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
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16
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Delaeter C, Spilmont N, Bouchet VMP, Seuront L. Plastic leachates: Bridging the gap between a conspicuous pollution and its pernicious effects on marine life. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154091. [PMID: 35219681 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With 4 to 12 million tons of plastic entering the marine environment each year, plastic pollution has become one of the most ubiquitous sources of pollution of the Anthropocene threatening the marine environment. Beyond the conspicuous physical damages, plastics may release a cocktail of harmful chemicals, i.e. monomers, additives and persistent organic pollutants. Although known to be highly toxic, plastic leachates seemingly appear, however, as the "somewhat sickly child" of the plastic pollution literature. We reviewed the only 26 studies investigating the impact of plastic leachates on marine microbes and invertebrates, and concluded that the observed effects essentially depend on the species, polymer type, plastic composition, accumulated contaminants and weathering processes. We identified several gaps that we believe may hamper progress in this emerging area of research and discussed how they could be bridged to further our understanding of the effects of the compounds released by plastic items on marine organisms. We first stress the lack of a consensus on the use of the term 'leachate', and subsequently introduce the concepts of primary and secondary leachates, based on the intrinisic or extrinsic origin of the products released in bulk seawater. We discuss how methodological inconsistencies and the discrepancy between the polymers used in experiments and their abundance in the environment respectively limit comparison between studies and a comprehensive assessment of the effects leachate may actually have in the ocean. We also discuss how the imbalanced in the variety of both organisms and polymers considered, the mostly unrealistic concentrations used in laboratory experiments, and the lack of investigation on key ecosystem engineers may considerably narrow the spectrum of our understanding of the plastic leachates' effects. We finally discuss how increasing multi-disciplinarity through collaborations between different research fields may benefit to an area of research which is still in its early infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Delaeter
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Nicolas Spilmont
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent M P Bouchet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Seuront
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000 Lille, France; Department of Marine Resources and Energy, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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17
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Zhu J, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Wang L, Wu Q, Zhang Z, Li L. Effects of microplastics on the accumulation and neurotoxicity of methylmercury in zebrafish larvae. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 176:105615. [PMID: 35364423 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and methylmercury (MeHg) have attracted increasing attention due to ubiquitous occurrence and toxicity. This study aimed to investigate whether MPs could absorb MeHg and thus modify its bioconcentration and neurotoxicity in the zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio). The pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.989) was found to be suitable for describing the adsorption kinetics of MeHg onto MPs. Compared with Freundlich and Temkin models, the Langmuir isotherm model provided a better fit with the experimental data exhibiting a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 54.945 mg/g. These results suggested that adsorption occurs mainly by a chemical process dominated by monolayer adsorption. MPs adsorbed MeHg to form MPs/MeHg complex, which was ingested by zebrafish larvae, and promoted accumulation of MeHg. Thus, the presence of MPs aggravated the reduction of locomotor activity induced by MeHg, and downregulation of neurotransmitters related genes, such as ache, gfap and scl1A3b. Metabolome analysis also revealed disrupted glutathione (GSH) metabolism upon exposure of MeHg alone and in combination with MPs, as reflected by the increased in the ratio of GSH and oxidized glutathione. These effects were also confirmed by upregulation of oxidative stress-related genes, such as sod, sod mt and gpx4a. Collectively, these results indicated that MPs could act as a carrier of MeHg and enhance its accumulation in zebrafish, thereby disrupting locomotor activity by excessive oxidative stress. This study provides a scientific basis for improving health risk assessment of environmental pollutants, particularly those potentially able to adsorb to MPs by virtue of their chemical nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Yawen Xu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Qian Wu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China.
| | - Lei Li
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China.
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18
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Chen L, Yuan X, Ye Y, Teng J, Zhao J, Wang Q, Zhang B. Characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of microplastics in sediments from a typical mariculture pond area in Qingduizi Bay, North Yellow Sea, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 176:113436. [PMID: 35158174 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) in mariculture environments may have an impact on mariculture and ecosystems. This study sampled the sediments in mariculture ponds and offshore areas in Qingduizi Bay during winter and summer. The abundance, characteristics, spatiotemporal distribution and pollution risk of microplastics were analyzed. The results showed that the abundance of MPs in the mariculture pond and offshore area was 49.2 ± 35.9 items·kg-1 d.w. and 17.1 ± 9.9 items·kg-1 d.w.; the MPs were mainly composed of transparent fibers of thickness 2000-5000 μm, with the main polymers being polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and cellophane (CP). The spatial distribution showed a downward trend from the inside to the outside, but the difference was not significant when comparing different seasons. The pollution load index (PLI) risk assessment showed that all sampling sites were at Hazard Level I. This study can provide valuable information for the risk assessment of microplastic pollution in mariculture areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering of Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China
| | - Xiutang Yuan
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yuheng Ye
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering of Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China
| | - Jia Teng
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering of Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China; School of Food and Biotechnology of Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
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19
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Rozman U, Kalčíková G. Seeking for a perfect (non-spherical) microplastic particle - The most comprehensive review on microplastic laboratory research. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127529. [PMID: 34736190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, much attention has been paid to microplastic pollution, and research on microplastics has begun to grow exponentially. However, microplastics research still suffers from the lack of standardized protocols and methods for investigation of microplastics under laboratory conditions. Therefore, in this review, we summarize and critically discuss the results of 715 laboratory studies published on microplastics in the last five years to provide recommendations for future laboratory research. Analysis of the data revealed that the majority of microplastic particles used in laboratory studies are manufactured spheres of polystyrene ranging in size from 1 to 50 µm, that half of the studies did not characterize the particles used, and that a minority of studies used aged particles, investigated leaching of chemicals from microplastics, or used natural particles as a control. There is a large discrepancy between microplastics used in laboratory research and those found in the environment, and many laboratory studies suffer from a lack of environmental relevance and provide incomplete information on the microplastics used. We have summarized and discussed these issues and provided recommendations for future laboratory research on microplastics focusing on (i) microplastic selection, (ii) microplastic characterization, and (iii) test design of laboratory research on microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ula Rozman
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 113 Večna pot, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gabriela Kalčíková
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 113 Večna pot, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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20
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Shen H, Nugegoda D. Real-time automated behavioural monitoring of mussels during contaminant exposures using an improved microcontroller-based device. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150567. [PMID: 34844324 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An improved microcontroller-based device for real-time biomonitoring of mussel behaviour is introduced in this study. Open source Arduino platforms were used as processing cores and infra-red (IR) sensors (with transistor output) and Hall sensors to record the cardiac activities and valve movements of mussels. Compared to the devices described in previous studies, this device has low cost, high throughput, and high portability, and can be applied to conduct real-time preliminary automatic data processing. Mediterranean mussels were exposed to Cu2+ and microplastics and their cardiac activities and valve movements were recorded. The results demonstrated that Cu2+ exposure caused valve closure and a drop in the heart rate, similar to the behaviour during natural periods of bradycardia in mussels. The microplastic exposures tended to cause high oscillations (low concentration of microplastics) and slow decreases (high concentration of microplastics) of the maximum valve open positions. Such oscillations and decreases appeared to reset and restart after the bradycardia period. The device has potential to measure and establish behavioural responses of mussels and other bivalves, to the stress of exposure from environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shen
- Ecotoxicology Research Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Dayanthi Nugegoda
- Ecotoxicology Research Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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21
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Choong WS, Hadibarata T, Yuniarto A, Tang KHD, Abdullah F, Syafrudin M, Al Farraj DA, Al-Mohaimeed AM. Characterization of microplastics in the water and sediment of Baram River estuary, Borneo Island. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112880. [PMID: 34428625 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Baram River is one of the largest rivers in Sarawak, where many large industries, such as plywood, sawmills, shipyards, interisland ports, and other wood-based industries are located along the river. Microplastic contamination has become a widespread and growing concern worldwide because of the small sizes of microplastics and their presence in seafood such as fish, squid, scallop, crabs, shrimp, and mussels. In this study, microplastics were found in all sampling stations. Out of the 4017 microplastics found in the water and sediment, microplastics fragment accounted for 67.8% of total microplastics, followed by fiber, film, pellet, and foam. Five microplastic polymer types were detected by ATR-FTIR, including polyethylene (PE), polyester (PET) fibers, silicon polymer, nitrile, and polystyrene (PS). The most common microplastics size range in Baram River was 0.3-1 mm, with blue as the highly abundant color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sheng Choong
- Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, Miri, Malaysia
| | - Tony Hadibarata
- Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, Miri, Malaysia.
| | - Adhi Yuniarto
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo-Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Kuok Ho Daniel Tang
- Environmental Science Program, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, 2000 Jintong Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai GD 519087, China
| | - Faizuan Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Syafrudin
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Dunia A Al Farraj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal M Al-Mohaimeed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Sheng Y, Ye X, Zhou Y, Li R. Microplastics (MPs) Act as Sources and Vector of Pollutants-Impact Hazards and Preventive Measures. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:722-729. [PMID: 33988728 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Currently, people are paying more and more attention to the interaction between microplastics (MPs) and chemical substances (including metals and organic substances), so it is necessary to understand the relationship between MPs and chemical substances. In this review, we explored (1) MPs may become a source of chemical substances. (2) MPs can also be used as a carrier for attaching pollutants. (3) No matter what role MPs play, MPs and the attached chemical substances will have harmful effects on biological systems. However, because the current research is not deep enough, more experimental areas are needed to explore the interaction mechanism and the principle of toxicity. In addition, laws and policies need to be developed that actively promote and strive to develop biodegradable alternative microplastics to reduce the harm of microplastics and their additives to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfei Sheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xueying Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
- Environmental Microplastic Pollution Research Center, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Ruojia Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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23
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Jaikumar IM, Periyakali SB, Rajendran U, Joen-Rong S, Thanasekaran J, Tsorng-Harn F. Effects of Microplastics, Polystyrene, and Polyethylene on Antioxidants, Metabolic Enzymes, HSP-70, and Myostatin Expressions in the Giant River Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Impact on Survival and Growth. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 80:645-658. [PMID: 33772631 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to understand the biological effects of microplastics (MPs), polystyrene microspheres (PSM), and polyethylene microparticles (PEM) in the juveniles of the giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The PSM (0.5-1.0 µm) and PEM (30.0-150.0 µm) were separately incorporated into the artificial diets with concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 mg per 100 g. The prawns were fed with these diets for a period of 60 days. Compared with control, the following dose-dependent changes have been recorded in PSM and PEM incorporated feeds fed prawns: declines in the survival rate, length and weight gains; increase in activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione s-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); elevated concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde; decreased activities of metabolic enzymes, such as glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase; higher total RNA in hepatopancreas (HP) of PSM fed prawns compared with that of PEM; higher total RNA in muscle (MU) of PEM-fed prawns compared with that of PSM; prominent cDNA bands in 150 bp regions; up-regulated heat shock protein (HSP70) gene in HP; down-regulation of HSP70 gene in MU of PSM-fed prawns only; down-regulated myostatin (MSTN) gene. These results suggest that these MPs have affected the survival and growth, activated the antioxidant defense, inhibit the metabolic enzymes, positively regulated the HSP70 gene, and negatively regulated the MSTN gene in M. rosenbergii. Therefore, exposures to PSM and PEM caused biological effects in this species of prawn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sheu Joen-Rong
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Jayakumar Thanasekaran
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Fong Tsorng-Harn
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
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24
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Na J, Song J, Achar JC, Jung J. Synergistic effect of microplastic fragments and benzophenone-3 additives on lethal and sublethal Daphnia magna toxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123845. [PMID: 33254817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The interactive effect of polyethylene microplastic (MP) fragments and benzophenone-3 (BP-3) additives on Daphnia magna was assessed in the present study. The 48 h median effective concentration (EC50) revealed that MP fragments (37.24 ± 11.76 μm; 3.90 mg L-1) were over 80 times more acutely toxic than polyethylene microbeads (37.05 ± 3.96 μm; 323 mg L-1), possibly because of their irregular shape and high specific surface area. Moreover, the addition of BP-3 (10.27 ± 0.40 % w/w) to MP fragments (MP + BP-3) resulted in greater acute toxicity to D. magna (EC50 = 0.99 mg L-1) compared to MP fragments (EC50 = 3.90 mg L-1) or BP-3 (EC50 = 2.29 mg L-1) alone. Additionally, MP + BP-3 exposure induced a synergistic increase in reactive oxygen species, total antioxidant capacity, and lipid peroxidation in D. magna. These synergistic effects can be attributed to enhanced bioconcentrations of BP-3 in D. magna caused by MP fragments. These findings suggest that MP fragments containing chemical additives represent a synergistic ecological risk and have the potential to harm aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joorim Na
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Song
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jerry Collince Achar
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Gunaalan K, Fabbri E, Capolupo M. The hidden threat of plastic leachates: A critical review on their impacts on aquatic organisms. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 184:116170. [PMID: 32698093 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastic products are made from the essential polymer mixed with a complex blend of substances including catalyst remnants, polymerization solvents, and a wide range of other additives deliberately added to enhance the desirable characteristics of the final product. Additives include bisphenols, phthalates, flame retardants, and further emerging and legacy contaminants. With a few exceptions, additives are not chemically bound to the polymer, and potentially migrate within the material reaching its surface, then possibly leach out to the environment. Leachates are mixtures of additives, some of which belong to the list of emerging contaminants, i.e. substances that show the potential to pose risks to the environment and human health, while are not yet regulated. The review discusses the state of the art and gaps concerning the hidden threat of plastic leachates. The focus is on reports addressing the biological impacts of plastic leachates as a whole mixture. Degradation of plastics, including the weathering-driven fragmentation, and the release of additives, are analysed together with the techniques currently employed for chemically screening leachates. Because marine plastic litter is a major concern, the review mainly focuses on the effects of plastic leachates on marine flora and fauna. Moreover, it also addresses impacts on freshwater organisms. Finally, research needs and perspectives are examined, to promote better focused investigations, that may support developing different plastic materials and new regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuddithamby Gunaalan
- Interdepartment Centre for Environmental Science Research, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Elena Fabbri
- Interdepartment Centre for Environmental Science Research, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BIGEA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Marco Capolupo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BIGEA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
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26
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Trestrail C, Nugegoda D, Shimeta J. Invertebrate responses to microplastic ingestion: Reviewing the role of the antioxidant system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 734:138559. [PMID: 32470656 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic ingestion in invertebrates reduces somatic and reproductive growth. This could be caused by energy reserves being detracted from growth processes and redistributed to maintenance processes that preserve life. A potential sink for this diverted energy is the antioxidant system, which minimises oxidative damage and reinstates redox homeostasis following disturbances caused by exposure to pollution. Several microplastic studies have used genetic and molecular redox biomarkers to assess how microplastic ingestion affects the functioning of the antioxidant system. This systematic review synthesises the current understanding of redox biomarker responses in invertebrates that have ingested microplastics. We found that biomarker response information exists for only seven invertebrate taxa, and early life stages have received little scientific attention. The microplastics used by most studies were polystyrene (45% of studies), spherical (51% of studies), and were < 10 μm in diameter (31% of studies). We found multiple examples of microplastic ingestion posing an oxidative challenge to invertebrates, which required upregulation of antioxidant system components. However, the lack of systematic experiments prevented us from clearly identifying which characteristic of microplastics caused these responses. We identify several areas for consideration when investigating biomarker responses to microplastic ingestion and offer research priorities for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Trestrail
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - Dayanthi Nugegoda
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Jeff Shimeta
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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