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Nagpal M, Siddique MA, Sharma K, Sharma N, Mittal A. Optimizing wastewater treatment through artificial intelligence: recent advances and future prospects. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 90:731-757. [PMID: 39141032 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being applied to wastewater treatment to enhance efficiency, improve processes, and optimize resource utilization. This review focuses on objectives, advantages, outputs, and major findings of various AI models in the three key aspects: the prediction of removal efficiency for both organic and inorganic pollutants, real-time monitoring of essential water quality parameters (such as pH, COD, BOD, turbidity, TDS, and conductivity), and fault detection in the processes and equipment integral to wastewater treatment. The prediction accuracy (R2 value) of AI technologies for pollutant removal has been reported to vary between 0.64 and 1.00. A critical aspect explored in this review is the cost-effectiveness of implementing AI systems in wastewater treatment. Numerous countries and municipalities are actively engaging in pilot projects and demonstrations to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of AI applications in wastewater treatment. Notably, the review highlights successful outcomes from these initiatives across diverse geographical contexts, showcasing the adaptability and positive impact of AI in revolutionizing wastewater treatment on a global scale. Further, insights on the ethical considerations and potential future directions for the use of AI in wastewater treatment plants have also been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudita Nagpal
- Department of Applied Sciences, Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies-Technical Campus, Delhi 110034, India E-mail:
| | - Miran Ahmad Siddique
- Department of Applied Sciences, Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies-Technical Campus, Delhi 110034, India
| | - Khushi Sharma
- Department of Applied Sciences, Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies-Technical Campus, Delhi 110034, India
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Department of Applied Sciences, Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies-Technical Campus, Delhi 110034, India
| | - Ankit Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, Shyam Lal College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110032, India
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Piłat-Rożek M, Dziadosz M, Majerek D, Jaromin-Gleń K, Szeląg B, Guz Ł, Piotrowicz A, Łagód G. Rapid Method of Wastewater Classification by Electronic Nose for Performance Evaluation of Bioreactors with Activated Sludge. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8578. [PMID: 37896672 PMCID: PMC10610685 DOI: 10.3390/s23208578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Currently, e-noses are used for measuring odorous compounds at wastewater treatment plants. These devices mimic the mammalian olfactory sense, comprising an array of multiple non-specific gas sensors. An array of sensors creates a unique set of signals called a "gas fingerprint", which enables it to differentiate between the analyzed samples of gas mixtures. However, appropriate advanced analyses of multidimensional data need to be conducted for this purpose. The failures of the wastewater treatment process are directly connected to the odor nuisance of bioreactors and are reflected in the level of pollution indicators. Thus, it can be assumed that using the appropriately selected methods of data analysis from a gas sensors array, it will be possible to distinguish and classify the operating states of bioreactors (i.e., phases of normal operation), as well as the occurrence of malfunction. This work focuses on developing a complete protocol for analyzing and interpreting multidimensional data from a gas sensor array measuring the properties of the air headspace in a bioreactor. These methods include dimensionality reduction and visualization in two-dimensional space using the principal component analysis (PCA) method, application of data clustering using an unsupervised method by Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm, and at the last stage, application of extra trees as a supervised machine learning method to achieve the best possible accuracy and precision in data classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Piłat-Rożek
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Technology, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (M.P.-R.); (M.D.); (D.M.)
| | - Marcin Dziadosz
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Technology, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (M.P.-R.); (M.D.); (D.M.)
| | - Dariusz Majerek
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Technology, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (M.P.-R.); (M.D.); (D.M.)
| | | | - Bartosz Szeląg
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-797 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Guz
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (Ł.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Adam Piotrowicz
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (Ł.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Grzegorz Łagód
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (Ł.G.); (A.P.)
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Sheikh Khozani Z, Ehteram M, Mohtar WHMW, Achite M, Chau KW. Convolutional neural network-multi-kernel radial basis function neural network-salp swarm algorithm: a new machine learning model for predicting effluent quality parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:99362-99379. [PMID: 37610542 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
A wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is an essential part of the urban water cycle, which reduces concentration of pollutants in the river. For monitoring and control of WWTPs, researchers develop different models and systems. This study introduces a new deep learning model for predicting effluent quality parameters (EQPs) of a WWTP. A method that couples a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a novel version of radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is proposed to simultaneously predict and estimate uncertainty of data. The multi-kernel RBFNN (MKRBFNN) uses two activation functions to improve the efficiency of the RBFNN model. The salp swarm algorithm is utilized to set the MKRBFNN and CNN parameters. The main advantage of the CNN-MKRBFNN-salp swarm algorithm (SSA) is to automatically extract features from data points. In this study, influent parameters (if) are used as inputs. Biological oxygen demand (BODif), chemical oxygen demand (CODif), total suspended solids (TSSif), volatile suspended solids (VSSif), and sediment (SEDef) are used to predict EQPs, including CODef, BODef, and TSSef. At the testing level, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies of CNN-MKRBFNN-SSA are 0.98, 0.97, and 0.98 for predicting CODef, BODef, and TSSef. Results indicate that the CNN-MKRBFNN-SSA is a robust model for simulating complex phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Sheikh Khozani
- Paleoclimate Dynamics Group, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Mohammad Ehteram
- Department of Water Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Wan Hanna Melini Wan Mohtar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Achite
- Water and Environment Laboratory, Hassiba Benbouali, University of Chlef, B.P. 78COuled Fares, 02180, Chlef, Algeria
| | - Kwok-Wing Chau
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Bakht A, Nawaz A, Lee M, Lee H. Ingredient analysis of biological wastewater using hybrid multi-stream deep learning framework. Comput Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2022.108038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abulimiti A, Wang X, Kang J, Li L, Wu D, Li Z, Piao Y, Ren N. The trade-off between N 2O emission and energy saving through aeration control based on dynamic simulation of full-scale WWTP. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118961. [PMID: 35973249 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the trade-off between energy saving and N2O emission reduction of WWTP under the precise control of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration through model simulation. A long-term dynamic model for full-scale WWTP GHG emissions was established and calibrated with monitored year-round hourly water quality data to quantify the annual GHG emissions from WWTP. Results showed that N2O dominated the direct emission, up to 76.1%, and the variability of N2O generation could better be revealed by dynamic simulation. Furthermore, GHG emissions of the WWTP were mainly contributed by electric energy, among which the blower consumes the most electricity. To reduce the electricity consumption of blowers, improve mechanical efficiency and reduce DO concentration should be considered. DO setting played a significant role in the N2O and CH4 emission, electricity consumption and effluent quality, which was challenging to balance. The ultralow-oxygen (0-1/0.2-1 mg/L) and low oxygen (1-2 mg/L) control strategies were proposed, and their effects on total GHG emissions and effluent water quality were discussed. If the anaerobic environment (DO<0.2 mg/L)could be avoided, the control frequency (high and low) of the DO set-point did not have a significant effect on the emissions of N2O and CH4 and the effluent quality. The ultralow-oxygen strategy (0.2-1 mg/L) with a high-frequency control strategy achieved the lowest GHG emissions under the current energy mix. However, by 2050, as the energy supply gets cleaner, the total GHG emissions of WWTPs with ultralow-oxygen aeration (0.2-1 mg/L) will exceed low-oxygen aeration by 3.6%-4.2%, as N2O dominates 61.6%. Therefore, considering the trade-off between N2O emission and energy saving in WWTP, ultralow-oxygen aeration is a transition scheme to cleaner energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Abulimiti
- State key Laboratory of urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiuheng Wang
- State key Laboratory of urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Jinhao Kang
- State key Laboratory of urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lanqing Li
- State key Laboratory of urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Longjiang Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Longjiang Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yitong Piao
- Beijing SequoiaLibra Technology Development Co., Ltd, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State key Laboratory of urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Schneider MY, Quaghebeur W, Borzooei S, Froemelt A, Li F, Saagi R, Wade MJ, Zhu JJ, Torfs E. Hybrid modelling of water resource recovery facilities: status and opportunities. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:2503-2524. [PMID: 35576250 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mathematical modelling is an indispensable tool to support water resource recovery facility (WRRF) operators and engineers with the ambition of creating a truly circular economy and assuring a sustainable future. Despite the successful application of mechanistic models in the water sector, they show some important limitations and do not fully profit from the increasing digitalisation of systems and processes. Recent advances in data-driven methods have provided options for harnessing the power of Industry 4.0, but they are often limited by the lack of interpretability and extrapolation capabilities. Hybrid modelling (HM) combines these two modelling paradigms and aims to leverage both the rapidly increasing volumes of data collected, as well as the continued pursuit of greater process understanding. Despite the potential of HM in a sector that is undergoing a significant digital and cultural transformation, the application of hybrid models remains vague. This article presents an overview of HM methodologies applied to WRRFs and aims to stimulate the wider adoption and development of HM. We also highlight challenges and research needs for HM design and architecture, good modelling practice, data assurance, and software compatibility. HM is a paradigm for WRRF modelling to transition towards a more resource-efficient, resilient, and sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Yvonne Schneider
- Next Generation Artificial Intelligence Research Center & School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan E-mail:
| | - Ward Quaghebeur
- Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource recovery (CAPTURE), Frieda Saeysstraat 1, Gent 9000, Belgium; BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium; KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Sina Borzooei
- Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource recovery (CAPTURE), Frieda Saeysstraat 1, Gent 9000, Belgium; BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Andreas Froemelt
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Feiyi Li
- modelEAU, CentrEau, Département de génie civil et de génie des eaux, Pavillon Adrien-Pouliot, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Ramesh Saagi
- Division of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation (IEA), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Matthew J Wade
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Elena Torfs
- Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource recovery (CAPTURE), Frieda Saeysstraat 1, Gent 9000, Belgium; BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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Prediction of Wastewater Quality at a Wastewater Treatment Plant Inlet Using a System Based on Machine Learning Methods. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the important factors determining the biochemical processes in bioreactors is the quality of the wastewater inflow to the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Information on the quality of wastewater, sufficiently in advance, makes it possible to properly select bioreactor settings to obtain optimal process conditions. This paper presents the use of classification models to predict the variability of wastewater quality at the inflow to wastewater treatment plants, the values of which depend only on the amount of inflowing wastewater. The methodology of an expert system to predict selected indicators of wastewater quality at the inflow to the treatment plant (biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and ammonium nitrogen) on the example of a selected WWTP—Sitkówka Nowiny, was presented. In the considered system concept, a division of the values of measured wastewater quality indices into lower (reduced values of indicators in relation to average), average (typical and most common values), and upper (increased values) were adopted. On the basis of the calculations performed, it was found that the values of the selected wastewater quality indicators can be identified with sufficient accuracy by means of the determined statistical models based on the support vector machines and boosted trees methods.
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Knowledge and data-driven hybrid system for modeling fuzzy wastewater treatment process. Neural Comput Appl 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-021-06499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abunama T, Ansari M, Awolusi OO, Gani KM, Kumari S, Bux F. Fuzzy inference optimization algorithms for enhancing the modelling accuracy of wastewater quality parameters. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112862. [PMID: 34049159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To ensure the safe discharge of treated wastewater to the environment, continuous efforts are vital to enhance the modelling accuracy of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) through utilizing state-of-art techniques and algorithms. The integration of metaheuristic modern optimization algorithms that are natlurally inspired with the Fussy Inference Systems (FIS) to improve the modelling performance is a promising and mathematically suitable approach. This study integrates four population-based algorithms, namely: Particle swarm optimization (PSO), Genetic algorithm (GA), Hybrid GA-PSO, and Mutating invasive weed optimization (M-IWO) with FIS system. A full-scale WWTP in South Africa (SA) was selected to assess the validity of the proposed algorithms, where six wastewater effluent parameters were modeled, i.e., Alkalinity (ALK), Sulphate (SLP), Phosphate (PHS), Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The results from this study showed that the hybrid PSO-GA algorithm outperforms the PSO and GA algorithms when used individually, in modelling all wastewater effluent parameters. PSO performed better for SLP and TKN compared to GA, while the M-IWO algorithm failed to provide an acceptable modelling convergence for all the studied parameters. However, three out of four algorithms applied in this study proven beneficial to be optimized in enhancing the modelling accuracy of wastewater quality parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher Abunama
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, PO Box, 1334, South Africa.
| | - Mozafar Ansari
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Oluyemi Olatunji Awolusi
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, PO Box, 1334, South Africa.
| | - Khalid Muzamil Gani
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, PO Box, 1334, South Africa.
| | - Sheena Kumari
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, PO Box, 1334, South Africa.
| | - Faizal Bux
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, PO Box, 1334, South Africa.
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Pham QB, Sammen SS, Abba SI, Mohammadi B, Shahid S, Abdulkadir RA. A new hybrid model based on relevance vector machine with flower pollination algorithm for phycocyanin pigment concentration estimation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-12792-2. [PMID: 33625698 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Precise monitoring of cyanobacteria concentration in water resources is a daunting task. The development of reliable tools to monitor this contamination is an important research topic in water resources management. Indirect methods such as chlorophyll-a determination, cell counting, and toxin measurement of the cyanobacteria are tedious, cumbersome, and often lead to inaccurate results. The quantity of phycocyanin (PC) pigment is considered more appropriate for cyanobacteria monitoring. Traditional approaches for PC estimation are time-consuming, expensive, and require high expertise. Recently, some studies have proposed the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to predict the amount of PC concentration. Nonetheless, most of these researches are limited to standalone modeling schemas such as artificial neural network (ANN), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and support vector machine (SVM). The independent schema provides imprecise results when faced with highly nonlinear systems and data uncertainties resulting from environmental disturbances. To alleviate the limitations of the existing models, this study proposes the first application of a hybrid AI model that integrates the potentials of relevance vector machine (RVM) and flower pollination algorithm (RVM-FPA) to predict the PC concentration in water resources. The performance of the hybrid model is compared with the standalone RVM model. The prediction performance of the proposed models was evaluated at two stations (stations 508 and 478) using different statistical and graphical performance evaluation methods. The results showed that the hybrid models exhibited higher performance at both stations compared to the standalone RVM model. The proposed hybrid RVM-FPA can therefore serve as a reliable predictive tool for PC concentration in water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Bao Pham
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Danang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Saad Sh Sammen
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Diyala Governorate, Iraq.
| | - Sani Isa Abba
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Babak Mohammadi
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shamsuddin Shahid
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Rabiu Aliyu Abdulkadir
- Department of Electrical and Electronic, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Nigeria
- Department of Computer Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Nigeria
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