1
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Wang L, Zhang J, Ding R, Zhou Y. Intermittent multi-generational reproductive toxicities of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate with essential involvement of lipid metabolism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:173738. [PMID: 38844219 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) become emerging environmental pollutants. Especially, alkyl imidazolium ILs commonly showed stimulation in toxicological studies and mechanisms remained to be explored. In the present study, alkyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([amim]BF4), with ethyl ([emim]), hexyl ([hmim]) and octyl ([omim]) as side-chains, were chosen as target ILs. Their toxicities on the reproduction and lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans were explored with two types (A and B) exposure arrangements to mimic realistic intermittent multi-generational exposure scenarios. In type A scenario, there was an exposure every 4 generations with 12 generations in total, and in type B one, there was an exposure every two generations with 12 generations in total. Result showed that [emim]BF4 caused inhibition on the reproduction in 8 generations in type A exposure but 6 ones in type B exposure. Meanwhile, [hmim]BF4 showed inhibition in one generation and stimulation in 3 generations in type A exposure, but stimulation in 6 generations in type B exposure. Also, [omim]BF4 showed stimulation in one generation in type B exposure. Collectively, the results demonstrated less frequencies of inhibition, or more frequencies of stimulation, in the exposure scenario with more frequent exposures. Further mechanism exploration was performed to measure the lipid storage and metabolism in the aspect of energy supply. Results showed that [emim]BF4, [hmim]BF4 and [omim]BF4 commonly stimulated the triglyceride (TG) levels across generations. They also disturbed the activities of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) in lipogenesis, those of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and carnitine acyl transferase (CPT) in lipolysis, and also the contents of acetyl-CoA (ACA). Further data analysis indicated the energy allocation among life traits including reproduction, antioxidant responses and hormone regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Ecological Technique and Engineering College, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China; Jiaxing Tongji Institute for Environment, Jiaxing 314051, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Ecological Technique and Engineering College, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China.
| | - Ruoqi Ding
- Ecological Technique and Engineering College, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China; Jiaxing Tongji Institute for Environment, Jiaxing 314051, PR China
| | - Yangyuan Zhou
- Jiaxing Tongji Institute for Environment, Jiaxing 314051, PR China
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2
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Ren H, Shen S, Tan L, Wu J, Wang D, Liu W. Nitric oxide mitigates the phytotoxicity of imidazolium-based ionic liquids in Arabidopsis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116845. [PMID: 39116690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have many beneficial properties that are extensively used in various fields. Despite their utility, the phytotoxic aspects of ILs are poorly known. This is especially true at the transcriptomic level and the role of nitric oxide (NO) in this process. Herein, we studied the mechanism by which endogenous NO reduces the toxicity of ILs in Arabidopsis. We examined the effects of two imidazolium-based ILs (IILs) on three Arabidopsis lines, each characterized by distinct endogenous NO levels, using a combination of physiological and transcriptomics methods. IILs impaired seed germination, seedling development, chlorophyll content, and redox homeostasis in Arabidopsis. Notably, 1,3-dibutyl imidazole bromide had greater toxicity than 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. Nox1, a mutant with an elevated NO level, had enhanced resistance, while nia1nia2, a mutant with a diminished NO level, had increased susceptibility compared to the wild type. RNA sequencing results suggested that NO mitigates IILs-induced phytotoxicity by modulating the metabolism of chlorophyll and secondary metabolites, and by bolstering the antioxidant defense system. These findings illustrate the complex molecular networks that respond to IIL stress and reveal the potential of endogenous NO as a mitigating factor in plant stress physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haike Ren
- Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Shoujie Shen
- Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Liru Tan
- Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Jinwen Wu
- Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| | - Weizhong Liu
- Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
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3
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Sharma A, Park YR, Garg A, Lee BS. Deep Eutectic Solvents Enhancing Drug Solubility and Its Delivery. J Med Chem 2024; 67:14807-14819. [PMID: 39185938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are environmentally friendly solvents with the potential to dissolve bioactive compounds without affecting their characteristics. DES has special qualities that can be customized to meet the unique characteristics of a biomolecule/active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in accordance with various therapeutic needs, providing a reliable approach in opening the door for the creation of cutting-edge drug formulations by resolving solubility issues in pharmaceutics. This study outlines newly developing approaches to solve the problem of inefficient API extraction due to poor solubility. These emerging strategies also have the capacity to alter the chemical and physical stability of API, which triggers drug's shelf life and their possible health benefits. It is anticipated that the highlighted methods and processes will be developed to capitalize on the DES potential to improve drug solubility and delivery in the pharmaceutical sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Rock Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Aman Garg
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Department of Multidisciplinary Engineering, The NorthCap University, Gurugram, Haryana 122017, India
| | - Bong-Seop Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
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4
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Pan X, Li X, Wang Z, Ni Y, Wang Q. Nanolignin-Facilitated Robust Hydrogels. ACS NANO 2024; 18:24095-24104. [PMID: 39150717 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Recently, certain challenges and accompanying drawbacks have emerged in the preparation of high-strength and tough polymer hydrogels. Insights from wood science highlight the role of the intertwined molecular structure of lignin and crystalline cellulose in contributing to wood's strength. Herein, we immersed prestretched poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer hydrogels into a solution of nanosized lignosulfonate sodium (LS), a water-soluble anionic polyelectrolyte, to creatively reconstruct this similar structure at the molecular scale in hydrogels. The nanosized LS effectively fixed and bundled the prestretched PVA polymers while inducing the formation of dense crystalline domains within the polymer matrix. Consequently, the interwoven structure of crystalline PVA and LS conferred good strength to the composite hydrogels, exhibiting a tensile strength of up to ∼23 MPa, a fracture strain of ∼350%, Young's modulus of ∼17 MPa, toughness of ∼47 MJ/m3, and fracture energy of ∼42 kJ/m2. This hydrogel far outperformed previous hydrogels composed directly of lignin and PVA (tensile strength <1.5 MPa). Additionally, the composite hydrogels demonstrated excellent antifreezing properties (<-80 °C). Notably, the LS-assisted reconstruction technology offers opportunities for the secondary fixation of PVA hydrogel shapes and high-strength welding of hydrogel components. This work introduces an approach for the high-value utilization of LS, a green byproduct of pulp production. LS's profound biomimetic strategy will be applied in multifunctional hydrogel fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Pan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High-Performance Biobased Nylon, School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High-Performance Biobased Nylon, School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Zhongkai Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High-Performance Biobased Nylon, School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Qinhua Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High-Performance Biobased Nylon, School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
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5
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Dzhemileva LU, D'yakonov VA, Egorova KS, Ananikov VP. Mechanisms of cytotoxicity in six classes of ionic liquids: Evaluating cell cycle impact and genotoxic and apoptotic effects. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:142964. [PMID: 39074667 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs), earlier praised for their eco-friendliness, have emerged as key chemicals in advancing green chemistry, catalysis, solvent development, and more. However, the discovery of their notable toxicity has led to a controversial reputation of ILs and has shifted the research landscape towards understanding their biological impacts. The present study examines the mechanism of cytotoxicity of 32 ILs across six classes, highlighting their effects on the cell cycle of the Jurkat cell line. Focusing on five ILs with pronounced cytotoxicity, we uncover their genotoxic effects and their role in inducing apoptosis. Our findings suggest intricate interplay between the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways at different time points after exposure to ILs. Moreover, the ILs studied displayed marked genotoxicity, likely stemming from the accumulation of double-strand DNA breaks in the Jurkat cells. This investigation offers a comprehensive view on interactions of ILs with eukaryotic cells, thereby providing new guidelines for developing safer pharmaceutical and industrial applications of these chemicals. The results not only broaden and enhance the previous perceptions but also open new avenues in research, emphasizing the dual potential of ILs in innovation and safety, and marking a significant step towards integrating chemical innovations with biological safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilya U Dzhemileva
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir A D'yakonov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ksenia S Egorova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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6
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El Mohamad M, Han Q, Dyett B, Yu H, Edgecomb S, Pride MC, Chism CM, Roberts A, Jones D, Tanner EEL, Drummond CJ, Greaves TL, Zhai J. Cytotoxicity and cell membrane interactions of choline-based ionic liquids: Comparing amino acids, acetate, and geranate anions. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143252. [PMID: 39236918 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have found diverse applications in research and industry. Biocompatible ILs, a subset considered less toxic than traditional ILs, have expanded their applications into biomedical fields. However, there is limited understanding of the toxicity profiles, safe concentrations, and underlying factors driving their toxicity. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of 13 choline-based ILs using four different cell lines: Human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), epidermoid carcinoma cells (A431), cervical cancer cells (HeLa), and gastric cancer cells (AGS). Additionally, we explored the haemolytic activity of these ILs. Our findings showed that the cytotoxic and haemolytic activities of ILs can be attributed to the hydrophobicity of the anions and the pH of the IL solutions. Furthermore, utilising quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), we delved into the interaction of selected ILs, including choline acetate [Cho][Ac] and choline geranate [Cho][Ge], with model cell membranes composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC). The QCM-D data showed that ILs with higher toxicities exhibited more pronounced interactions with membranes. Increased variations in frequency and dissipation reflected substantial changes in membrane fluidity and mass following the addition of the more toxic ILs. Furthermore, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy study revealed that [Cho][Ac] could cause lipid rearrangements and pore formation in the membrane, while [Cho][Ge] disrupted the bilayer packing. This study advances our understanding of the cellular toxicities associated with choline-based ILs and provides valuable insights into their mechanisms of action concerning IL-membrane interactions. These findings have significant implications for the safe and informed utilisation of biocompatible ILs in the realm of drug delivery and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Mohamad
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Qi Han
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Brendan Dyett
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Haitao Yu
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Sara Edgecomb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Mercedes C Pride
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Claylee M Chism
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Angela Roberts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Deauntaye Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Eden E L Tanner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Calum J Drummond
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Tamar L Greaves
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Jiali Zhai
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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7
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Arunphacharawit A, Poonsawat T, Meechai T, Chaicharoenwimolkul Chuaitammakit L, Somsook E. DFT study on the depolymerization of PET by Ca-catalyzed glycolysis reaction model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34666. [PMID: 39145025 PMCID: PMC11320157 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is the most common plastics produced for applications in food and drinking containers. It is degraded to valuable product by several methods. Glycolysis of PET gains bis(2-hydroxyethylene) terephthalate (BHET) as the main product utilized as plasticizer. Calcium catalysts, Ca2+ and Ca(OH)2∙2H2O were explored to study the mechanism of PET cleavage by DFT calculations at B3LYP/6-311++G** level. Two possible pathways, coordination, and non-coordination of ethylene glycol on the calcium in glycolysis reaction, have been investigated. In addition, poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF), considered as a sustainable polymer with the similar functional properties, was chose for the comparison of conformational structures with PET. The understanding of the relationship between PET (and PEF) structures and calcium catalysts is useful for the future development of linear sustainable polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyarin Arunphacharawit
- NANOCAST Laboratory, Center for Catalysis Science and Technology (CAST), Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road., Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Thinnaphat Poonsawat
- NANOCAST Laboratory, Center for Catalysis Science and Technology (CAST), Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road., Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Titiya Meechai
- Department of Premedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkokthonburi University, Thawi Watthana, Bangkok, 10170, Thailand
| | - Laksamee Chaicharoenwimolkul Chuaitammakit
- Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suratthani Rajabhat University, 272 Moo 9, Surat-Nasan Road, Khuntale, Muang, Surat Thani, 84100, Thailand
| | - Ekasith Somsook
- NANOCAST Laboratory, Center for Catalysis Science and Technology (CAST), Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road., Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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8
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Komori T, Hachisu A, Ninomiya K, Takahashi K, Kuroda K. Phosphate-type zwitterionic liquid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8557-8560. [PMID: 39041338 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02284j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The imidazolium/phosphate zwitterionic liquid synthesised in this study dissolved cellulose and satisfies all other properties required for efficient cellulosic bioethanol production such as liquid at room temperature and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Komori
- Faculty of Biologiacal Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Hachisu
- Faculty of Biologiacal Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Ninomiya
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Faculty of Biologiacal Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Kuroda
- Faculty of Biologiacal Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
- NanoMaterials Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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9
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Jain A, Shakya AK, Prajapati SK, Eldesoqui M, Mody N, Jain SK, Naik RR, Patil UK. An insight into pharmaceutical challenges with ionic liquids: where do we stand in transdermal delivery? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1454247. [PMID: 39165403 PMCID: PMC11333206 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1454247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) represent an exciting and promising solution for advancing drug delivery platforms. Their unique properties, including broad chemical diversity, adaptable structures, and exceptional thermal stability, make them ideal candidates for overcoming challenges in transdermal drug delivery. Despite encountering obstacles such as side reactions, impurity effects, biocompatibility concerns, and stability issues, ILs offer substantial potential in enhancing drug solubility, navigating physiological barriers, and improving particle stability. To propel the use of IL-based drug delivery in pharmaceutical innovation, it is imperative to devise new strategies and solvents that can amplify drug effectiveness, facilitate drug delivery to cells at the molecular level, and ensure compatibility with the human body. This review introduces innovative methods to effectively address the challenges associated with transdermal drug delivery, presenting progressive approaches to significantly improve the efficacy of this drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Jain
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, India
| | - Ashok K. Shakya
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Mamdouh Eldesoqui
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nishi Mody
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, India
| | - Sanjay K. Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, India
| | - Rajashri R. Naik
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Umesh K. Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, India
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Hayyan A, Zainal-Abidin MH, Putra SSS, Alanazi YM, Saleh J, Nor MRM, Hashim MA, Gupta BS. Evaluation of biodegradability, toxicity and ecotoxicity of organic acid-based deep eutectic solvents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174758. [PMID: 39025152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, deep eutectic systems (DES) have become popular, yet their potential toxicity to living organisms is not well understood. This study fills this gap by examining the toxicity, antibacterial activity and biodegradability of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (PTSA)-based DESs prepared from ammonium or phosphonium salts. Brine shrimp assays revealed varying toxicity levels of PTSA and salts. Allyltriphenylphosphonium bromide showing the longest survival time among all tested salts while PTSA exhibited a significantly longer duration of cell survival compared to other hydrogen bond donors. PTSA and ammonium salts (N,N-diethylethanolammonium chloride and choline chloride) as individual components showed non-toxic behavior for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria while different PTSA-based DESs showed significant inhibition zones. Fish acute ecotoxicity tests indicated moderately toxicity for individual components and DESs, though higher concentrations increased fish mortality, highlighting the need for careful handling and disposal of PTSA-based DESs to the environment. Biodegradability analyses found all tested DESs to be readily biodegradable and it was reported that, DES 3 prepapred form PTSA and choline chloride has the highest biodegradability level. Notably, all tested DESs showed over 60 % biodegradability after 28 days. This groundbreaking study explores PTSA-based DESs, highlighting their biodegradability and potential use as antibacterial agents. Results revealed that PTSA as individual component is much better from toxicity point of view in comparison with PTSA-based DESs for any further industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb Hayyan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Sustainable Process Engineering Centre (SPEC), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamad Hamdi Zainal-Abidin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | | | - Yousef Mohammed Alanazi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehad Saleh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor
- Halal Research Group, Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ali Hashim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Bhaskar Sen Gupta
- Institute of Infrastructure and Environment, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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11
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Singh M, Singh G, Kaur H, Muskan, Kumar S, Aswal VK, Kang TS. Self-assembly of choline-based surface-active ionic liquids and concentration-dependent enhancement in the enzymatic activity of cellulase in aqueous medium. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16218-16233. [PMID: 38804505 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01236d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The micellization of choline-based anionic surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs) having lauroyl sarcosinate [Sar]-, dodecylsulfate [DS]-, and deoxycholate [Doc]- as counter-ions was investigated in an aqueous medium. Density functional theory (DFT) was employed to investigate the net interactional energy (Enet), extent of non-covalent interactions, and band gap of the choline-based SAILs. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) along with various parameters related to the surface adsorption, counter-ion binding (β), and polarity of the cores of the micelles were deduced employing surface tension measurements, conductometric titrations and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. A dynamic light scattering (DLS) system equipped with zeta-potential measurement set-up and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) were used to predict the size, zeta-potential, and morphology, respectively, of the formed micelles. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard Gibb's free energy and standard enthalpy change of micellization were calculated using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Upon comparing with sodium salt analogues, it was established that the micellization was predominantly governed by the extent of hydration of [Cho]+, the head groups of the respective anions, and the degree of counter-ion binding (β). Considering the concentration dependence of the enzyme-SAIL interactions, aqueous solutions of the synthesized SAILs at two different concentrations (below and above the cmc) were utilized as the medium for testing the enzymatic activity of cellulase. The activity of cellulase was found to be ∼7- to ∼13-fold higher compared to that observed in buffers in monomeric solutions of the SAILs and followed the order: [Cho][Sar] > [Cho][DS] > [Cho][Doc]. In the micellar solution, a ∼4- to 5-fold increase in enzymatic activity was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, UGC-Centre for Advance Studies - II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
| | - Gurbir Singh
- Department of Chemistry, UGC-Centre for Advance Studies - II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
| | - Harmandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, UGC-Centre for Advance Studies - II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
| | - Muskan
- Department of Chemistry, UGC-Centre for Advance Studies - II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
| | - Sugam Kumar
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Aswal
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Tejwant Singh Kang
- Department of Chemistry, UGC-Centre for Advance Studies - II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
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12
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Maculewicz J, Białk-Bielińska A, Kowalska D, Stepnowski P, Stolte S, Beil S, Gajewicz-Skretna A, Dołżonek J. Bioconcentration potential of ionic liquids: New data on membrane partitioning and its comparison with predictions obtained by COSMOmic. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184320. [PMID: 38583701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have recently gained significant attention in both the scientific community and industry, but there is a limited understanding of the potential risks they might pose to the environment and human health, including their potential to accumulate in organisms. While membrane and storage lipids have been considered as primary sorption phases driving bioaccumulation, in this study we used an in vitro tool known as solid-supported lipid membranes (SSLMs) to investigate the affinity of ILs to membrane lipid - phosphatidylcholine and compare the results with an existing in silico model. Our findings indicate that ILs may have a strong affinity for the lipids that form cell membranes, with the key factor being the length of the cation's side chain. For quaternary ammonium cations, increase in membrane affinity (logMA) was observed from 3.45 ± 0.06 at 10 carbon atoms in chain to 4.79 ± 0.06 at 14 carbon atoms. We also found that the anion can significantly affect the membrane partitioning of the cation, even though the anions themselves tend to have weaker interactions with phospholipids than the cations of ILs. For 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium cation the presence of tricyanomethanide anion caused increase in logMA to 4.23 ± 0.06. Although some of our data proved to be consistent with predictions made by the COSMOmic model, there are also significant discrepancies. These results suggest that further research is needed to improve our understanding of the mechanisms and structure-activity relationships involved in ILs bioconcentration and to develop more accurate predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Maculewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Białk-Bielińska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dorota Kowalska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Stefan Stolte
- Institute of Water Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Beil
- Institute of Water Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Gajewicz-Skretna
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemoinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Dołżonek
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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13
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Li S, Hammond OS, Nelson A, de Campo L, Moir M, Recsei C, Shimpi MR, Glavatskih S, Pilkington GA, Mudring AV, Rutland MW. Anion Architecture Controls Structure and Electroresponsivity of Anhalogenous Ionic Liquids in a Sustainable Fluid. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:4231-4242. [PMID: 38639329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Three nonhalogenated ionic liquids (ILs) dissolved in 2-ethylhexyl laurate (2-EHL), a biodegradable oil, are investigated in terms of their bulk and electro-interfacial nanoscale structures using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and neutron reflectivity (NR). The ILs share the same trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium ([P6,6,6,14]+) cation paired with different anions, bis(mandelato)borate ([BMB]-), bis(oxalato)borate ([BOB]-), and bis(salicylato)borate ([BScB]-). SANS shows a high aspect ratio tubular self-assembly structure characterized by an IL core of alternating cations and anions with a 2-EHL-rich shell or corona in the bulk, the geometry of which depends upon the anion structure and concentration. NR also reveals a solvent-rich interfacial corona layer. Their electro-responsive behavior, pertaining to the structuring and composition of the interfacial layers, is also influenced by the anion identity. [P6,6,6,14][BOB] exhibits distinct electroresponsiveness to applied potentials, suggesting an ion exchange behavior from cation-dominated to anion-rich. Conversely, [P6,6,6,14][BMB] and [P6,6,6,14][BScB] demonstrate minimal electroresponses across all studied potentials, related to their different dissociative and diffusive behavior. A mixed system is dominated by the least soluble IL but exhibits an increase in disorder. This work reveals the subtlety of anion architecture in tuning bulk and electro-interfacial properties, offering valuable molecular insights for deploying nonhalogenated ILs as additives in biodegradable lubricants and supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichao Li
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Oliver S Hammond
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-114 18, Sweden
- intelligent Advanced Materials, Department of Biological & Chemical Engineering and iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Andrew Nelson
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Liliana de Campo
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Michael Moir
- National Deuteration Facility, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Carl Recsei
- National Deuteration Facility, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Manishkumar R Shimpi
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-114 18, Sweden
- Chemistry of Interfaces, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå SE-97187, Sweden
| | - Sergei Glavatskih
- System and Component Design, Department of Engineering Design, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Georgia A Pilkington
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Anja-Verena Mudring
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-114 18, Sweden
- intelligent Advanced Materials, Department of Biological & Chemical Engineering and iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Mark W Rutland
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Bioeconomy and Health Department Materials and Surface Design, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Stockholm SE-114 28, Sweden
- Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes, École Centrale de Lyon, Ecully Cedex 69134, France
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14
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Egorova KS, Kibardin AV, Posvyatenko AV, Ananikov VP. Mechanisms of Biological Effects of Ionic Liquids: From Single Cells to Multicellular Organisms. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4679-4733. [PMID: 38621413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The review presents a detailed discussion of the evolving field studying interactions between ionic liquids (ILs) and biological systems. Originating from molten salt electrolytes to present multiapplication substances, ILs have found usage across various fields due to their exceptional physicochemical properties, including excellent tunability. However, their interactions with biological systems and potential influence on living organisms remain largely unexplored. This review examines the cytotoxic effects of ILs on cell cultures, biomolecules, and vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. Our understanding of IL toxicity, while growing in recent years, is yet nascent. The established findings include correlations between harmful effects of ILs and their ability to disturb cellular membranes, their potential to trigger oxidative stress in cells, and their ability to cause cell death via apoptosis. Future research directions proposed in the review include studying the distribution of various ILs within cellular compartments and organelles, investigating metabolic transformations of ILs in cells and organisms, detailed analysis of IL effects on proteins involved in oxidative stress and apoptosis, correlation studies between IL doses, exposure times and resulting adverse effects, and examination of effects of subtoxic concentrations of ILs on various biological objects. This review aims to serve as a critical analysis of the current body of knowledge on IL-related toxicity mechanisms. Furthermore, it can guide researchers toward the design of less toxic ILs and the informed use of ILs in drug development and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia S Egorova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey V Kibardin
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Alexandra V Posvyatenko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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15
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Khoo YS, Tjong TC, Chew JW, Hu X. Techniques for recovery and recycling of ionic liquids: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171238. [PMID: 38423336 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Due to beneficial properties like non-flammability, thermal stability, low melting point and low vapor pressure, ionic liquids (ILs) have gained great interest from engineers and researchers in the past decades to replace conventional solvents. The superior characteristics of ILs make them promising for applications in fields as wide-ranging as pharmaceuticals, foods, nanoparticles synthesis, catalysis, electrochemistry and so on. To alleviate the high cost and environmental impact of ILs, various technologies have been reported to recover and purify the used ILs, as well as recycling the ILs. The aim of this article is to overview the state-of-the-art research on the recovery and recycling technologies for ILs including membrane technology, distillation, extraction, aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) and adsorption. In addition, challenges and future perspectives on ILs recovery are discussed. This review is expected to provide valuable insights for developing effective and environmentally friendly recovery methods for ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Siew Khoo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Ave, Block N4.1, 639798, Singapore; RGE-NTU Sustainable Textile Research Centre, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798, Singapore
| | - Tommy Chandra Tjong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Ave, Block N4.1, 639798, Singapore; RGE-NTU Sustainable Textile Research Centre, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Chew
- RGE-NTU Sustainable Textile Research Centre, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798, Singapore; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore; Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Xiao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Ave, Block N4.1, 639798, Singapore; RGE-NTU Sustainable Textile Research Centre, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798, Singapore.
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16
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Yin X, Li J, Liu X, Huang K, Yang Y. Closed-loop process for selective leaching and recovery of palladium from spent auto-exhaust catalysts using iodotrihalide ionic liquids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133665. [PMID: 38340560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The recovery of palladium from spent auto-exhaust catalysts (SAE-catalysts) is of great significance for resource sustainability. Herein, we proposed an efficient closed-loop leaching and recovery method for palladium from SAE-catalysts using iodotrihalide ionic liquids (ILs). Recovery design was explored aimed at green leaching and process simplification. Iodotrihalide ILs exhibited exceptional performance in terms of leaching efficiency (99.1%), selectivity (selectivity > 6.8 ×103) and reusability (over 6 cycles). The mechanism study revealed that excellent leaching performance was attributed to the redox and complexation. Additionally, the chemical reaction-controlled model was best suited to describe the leaching process. Notably, under the optimal conditions determined by the response surface methodology, a high-purity Pd(II) solution (purity > 99.8%) was obtained. More significantly, it was ideal for practical applications due to the low-viscosity (36.0 cP), mild (55 °C) and one-step leaching and recovery. In conclusion, this work provides an eco-friendly method for recovering palladium from SAE-catalysts with its non-high corrosiveness and low environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Yin
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Kaiqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Yanzhao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
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17
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Chen X, Li Z, Yang C, Yang D. Ionic liquids as the effective technology for enhancing transdermal drug delivery: Design principles, roles, mechanisms, and future challenges. Asian J Pharm Sci 2024; 19:100900. [PMID: 38590797 PMCID: PMC10999516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been proven to be an effective technology for enhancing drug transdermal absorption. However, due to the unique structural components of ILs, the design of efficient ILs and elucidation of action mechanisms remain to be explored. In this review, basic design principles of ideal ILs for transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) are discussed considering melting point, skin permeability, and toxicity, which depend on the molar ratios, types, functional groups of ions and inter-ionic interactions. Secondly, the contributions of ILs to the development of TDDS through different roles are described: as novel skin penetration enhancers for enhancing transdermal absorption of drugs; as novel solvents for improving the solubility of drugs in carriers; as novel active pharmaceutical ingredients (API-ILs) for regulating skin permeability, solubility, release, and pharmacokinetic behaviors of drugs; and as novel polymers for the development of smart medical materials. Moreover, diverse action mechanisms, mainly including the interactions among ILs, drugs, polymers, and skin components, are summarized. Finally, future challenges related to ILs are discussed, including underlying quantitative structure-activity relationships, complex interaction forces between anions, drugs, polymers and skin microenvironment, long-term stability, and in vivo safety issues. In summary, this article will promote the development of TDDS based on ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ziqing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Degong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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18
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Russo S, Bodo E. Solvation of Model Biomolecules in Choline-Aminoate Ionic Liquids: A Computational Simulation Using Polarizable Force Fields. Molecules 2024; 29:1524. [PMID: 38611804 PMCID: PMC11013605 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
One can foresee a very near future where ionic liquids will be used in applications such as biomolecular chemistry or medicine. The molecular details of their interaction with biological matter, however, are difficult to investigate due to the vast number of combinations of both the biological systems and the variety of possible liquids. Here, we provide a computational study aimed at understanding the interaction of a special class of biocompatible ionic liquids (choline-aminoate) with two model biological systems: an oligopeptide and an oligonucleotide. We employed molecular dynamics with a polarizable force field. Our results are in line with previous experimental and computational evidence on analogous systems and show how these biocompatible ionic liquids, in their pure form, act as gentle solvents for protein structures while simultaneously destabilizing DNA structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrico Bodo
- Chemistry Department, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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19
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Zhang L, Zhan B, Yan L. Preparation of nanochitin using deep eutectic solvents. iScience 2024; 27:109312. [PMID: 38496292 PMCID: PMC10943438 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitin is an abundant and renewable non-wood biopolymer. Nanochitin is formed by the assembly of chitin molecules, which has the advantages of large tensile strength, high specific surface area, and biodegradability, so it has been widely used. However, the traditional methods of preparing nanochitin have many drawbacks. As the new generation of green solvents, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been successfully applied in the fields of chitin dissolution, extraction, and nanochitin preparation. In this review, the relevant knowledge of chitin, nanochitin, and DESs was first introduced. Then, the application status of DESs in the fields of chitin was summarized, with a focus on the preparation of nanochitin using DESs. In conclusion, this review provided a comprehensive analysis of the published literature and proposed insights and development trends in the field of preparation of nanochitin using DESs, aiming to provide guidance and assistance for future researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai road, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Boxiang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai road, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Lifeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai road, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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20
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Dobre A, Koutsoukos S, Philippi F, Rauber D, Kay CWM, Palumbo O, Roessler MM, Welton T. Understanding the effects of targeted modifications on the 1 : 2 Choline And GEranate structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8858-8872. [PMID: 38426306 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05271k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
1 : 2 Choline-and-geranate (CAGE) is an ionic liquid (IL) widely studied for its biomedical applications. However, both its industrial-scale preparation and its long-term storage are problematic so finding more suitable candidates which retain its advantageous properties is crucial. As a first step towards this we have conducted a targeted modification study to understand the effects of specific functional groups on the properties of CAGE. 1 : 2 Choline-and-octanoate and 1 : 2 butyltrimethylammonium-and-octanoate were synthesised and their thermal and rheological properties examined in comparison to those of CAGE. Using differential scanning calorimetry and polarising microscopy, the model compound was found to be an isotropic liquid, while the analogues were room-temperature liquid-crystals which transition to isotropic liquids upon heating. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the thermal behaviour of the studied systems was even more complex, with the ILs also undergoing a thermally-activated relaxation process. Furthermore, we have used electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, along with a variety of spin probes with different functional groups, in order to understand the chemical environment experienced by solutes in each system. The EPR spectra indicate that the radicals experience two distinct environments (polar and nonpolar) in the liquid-crystalline phase, but only one average environment in the isotropic phase. The liquid-crystalline phase experiments also showed that the relative populations of the two domains depend on the nature of the solutes, with polar or strongly hydrogen-bonding solutes preferring the polar domain. For charged solutes, the EPR spectra showed line-broadening, suggesting that their ionic nature leads to complex, unresolved interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dobre
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Spyridon Koutsoukos
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, UK.
- Centre for Pulse EPR Spectroscopy (PEPR), Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Frederik Philippi
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Daniel Rauber
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B2.2, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christopher W M Kay
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B2.2, Saarbrücken, Germany
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Oriele Palumbo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maxie M Roessler
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, UK.
- Centre for Pulse EPR Spectroscopy (PEPR), Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Tom Welton
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, UK.
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21
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Monnier A, Díaz-Álvarez M, Turiel E, Martín-Esteban A. Evaluation of deep eutectic solvents in the synthesis of molecularly imprinted fibers for the solid-phase microextraction of triazines in soil samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1337-1347. [PMID: 38308710 PMCID: PMC10861628 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are well established and are considered excellent materials for performing selective extractions. However, with the progressive implementation of the principles of green chemistry, it is necessary to find greener alternatives for both the synthesis and further use of MIPs in sample preparation. Accordingly, in the present work, different deep eutectic solvents (DES, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic), as an alternative to conventional organic solvents (i.e., toluene), were evaluated as porogens for the synthesis of imprinted fibers (monoliths), using fused silica capillaries as molds, for solid-phase microextraction (SPME). From this study, the polymer prepared with propazine (dummy template), methacrylic acid (monomer), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (cross-linker), and a formic acid:L-menthol (1:1) DES (porogen) showed the best performance for selective rebinding of triazines. After optimization of the different variables involved in SPME, the new imprinted fibers were successfully applied to the extraction of target analytes (desisopropylatrazine, desethylatrazine, simazine, and atrazine) from soil sample extracts, providing relative recoveries ranging from 75.7 to 120.1%, reaching limits of detection within the range of 6.2-15.7 ng g-1, depending upon the analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Monnier
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía, INIA-CSIC, Carretera de A Coruña Km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Myriam Díaz-Álvarez
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía, INIA-CSIC, Carretera de A Coruña Km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Turiel
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía, INIA-CSIC, Carretera de A Coruña Km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Martín-Esteban
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía, INIA-CSIC, Carretera de A Coruña Km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Veríssimo NVP, Mussagy CU, Bento HBS, Pereira JFB, Santos-Ebinuma VDC. Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents for the stabilization of biopharmaceuticals: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 71:108316. [PMID: 38199490 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals have allowed the control of previously untreatable diseases. However, their low solubility and stability still hinder their application, transport, and storage. Hence, researchers have applied different compounds to preserve and enhance the delivery of biopharmaceuticals, such as ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Although the biopharmaceutical industry can employ various substances for enhancing formulations, their effect will change depending on the properties of the target biomolecule and environmental conditions. Hence, this review organized the current state-of-the-art on the application of ILs and DESs to stabilize biopharmaceuticals, considering the properties of the biomolecules, ILs, and DESs classes, concentration range, types of stability, and effect. We also provided a critical discussion regarding the potential utilization of ILs and DESs in pharmaceutical formulations, considering the restrictions in this field, as well as the advantages and drawbacks of these substances for medical applications. Overall, the most applied IL and DES classes for stabilizing biopharmaceuticals were cholinium-, imidazolium-, and ammonium-based, with cholinium ILs also employed to improve their delivery. Interestingly, dilute and concentrated ILs and DESs solutions presented similar results regarding the stabilization of biopharmaceuticals. With additional investigation, ILs and DESs have the potential to overcome current challenges in biopharmaceutical formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Vieira Porphirio Veríssimo
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, CEP: 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo University, CEP: 14040-020 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cassamo Usemane Mussagy
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, Chile.
| | - Heitor Buzetti Simões Bento
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, CEP: 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Valéria de Carvalho Santos-Ebinuma
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, CEP: 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Xiao X, Guo R, Qi Y, Wei J, Wu N, Zhang S, Qu R. Photocatalytic degradation of alkyl imidazole ionic liquids by TiO 2 nanospheres under simulated solar irradiation: Transformation behavior, DFT calculations and promoting effects of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132616. [PMID: 37757564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, TiO2 nanospheres prepared by the sol-gel method were found to efficiently catalyze the photodegradation of 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bromide salt ([BMMIm]Br) under simulated solar irradiation through the main attack of hydroxyl radicals (•OH). The promoting effect of alkali metal (Li+→Cs+) and alkaline earth metal ions (Mg2+→Ba2+) was particularly emphasized. In-situ EPR tests showed that the introduction of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions could enhance the formation of •OH thus leading to a 7%-30.3% increase in the degradation efficiency of. [BMMIm]+. Moreover, the removal efficiency of [BMMIm]+ still reached > 96.19% in four real waters. A total of 23 products of [BMMIm]Br were detected, and hydroxyl substitution, bond breaking, direct oxidation and ring opening were considered as the main reactions during the photocatalytic degradation process. The results of toxicity evaluation showed that hydroxylation was a reaction process of increasing toxicity, while the bond breaking reaction had great detoxification capacity for [BMMIm]+. These findings may enhance our understanding on the effects of alkali or alkaline earth metal ions on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2, which could also provide reference for the efficient and green removal of alkylimidazolium ionic liquids in waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Ruixue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Yumeng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Junyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Nannan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China.
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24
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Jian X, Li C, Feng X. Strategies for modulating transglycosylation activity, substrate specificity, and product polymerization degree of engineered transglycosylases. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:1284-1298. [PMID: 36154438 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2105687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Glycosides are widely used in many fields due to their favorable biological activity. The traditional plant extractions and chemical methods for glycosides production are limited by environmentally unfriendly, laborious protecting group strategies and low yields. Alternatively, enzymatic glycosylation has drawn special attention due to its mild reaction conditions, high catalytic efficiency, and specific stereo-/regioselectivity. Glycosyltransferases (GTs) and retaining glycoside hydrolases (rGHs) are two major enzymes for the formation of glycosidic linkages. Therein GTs generally use nucleotide phosphate activated donors. In contrast, GHs can use broader simple and affordable glycosyl donors, showing great potential in industrial applications. However, most rGHs mainly show hydrolysis activity and only a few rGHs, namely non-Leloir transglycosylases (TGs), innately present strong transglycosylation activities. To address this problem, various strategies have recently been developed to successfully tailor rGHs to alleviate their hydrolysis activity and obtain the engineered TGs. This review summarizes the current modification strategies in TGs engineering, with a special focus on transglycosylation activity enhancement, substrate specificity modulation, and product polymerization degree distribution, which provides a reference for exploiting the transglycosylation potentials of rGHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jian
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Qalyoubi L, Zuburtikudis I, Abu Khalifeh H, Nashef E. Adsorptive Membranes Incorporating Ionic Liquids (ILs), Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) or Graphene Oxide (GO) for Metal Salts Extraction from Aqueous Feed. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:874. [PMID: 37999360 PMCID: PMC10673284 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13110874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is a significant concern, particularly in arid regions, due to the rapid growth in population, industrialization, and climate change. Seawater desalination has emerged as a conventional and reliable solution for obtaining potable water. However, conventional membrane-based seawater desalination has drawbacks, such as high energy consumption resulting from a high-pressure requirement, as well as operational challenges like membrane fouling and high costs. To overcome these limitations, it is crucial to enhance the performance of membranes by increasing their efficiency, selectivity, and reducing energy consumption and footprint. Adsorptive membranes, which integrate adsorption and membrane technologies, offer a promising approach to address the drawbacks of standalone membranes. By incorporating specific materials into the membrane matrix, composite membranes have demonstrated improved permeability, selectivity, and reduced pressure requirements, all while maintaining effective pollutant rejection. Researchers have explored different adsorbents, including emerging materials such as ionic liquids (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DESs), and graphene oxide (GO), for embedding into membranes and utilizing them in various applications. This paper aims to discuss the existing challenges in the desalination process and focus on how these materials can help overcome these challenges. It will also provide a comprehensive review of studies that have reported the successful incorporation of ILs, DESs, and GO into membranes to fabricate adsorptive membranes for desalination. Additionally, the paper will highlight both the current and anticipated challenges in this field, as well as present prospects, and provide recommendations for further advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Qalyoubi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates; (L.Q.); (H.A.K.)
| | - Ioannis Zuburtikudis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates; (L.Q.); (H.A.K.)
| | - Hadil Abu Khalifeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates; (L.Q.); (H.A.K.)
| | - Enas Nashef
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates;
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Hu Y, Xing Y, Yue H, Chen T, Diao Y, Wei W, Zhang S. Ionic liquids revolutionizing biomedicine: recent advances and emerging opportunities. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7262-7293. [PMID: 37751298 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00510k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs), due to their inherent structural tunability, outstanding miscibility behavior, and excellent electrochemical properties, have attracted significant research attention in the biomedical field. As the application of ILs in biomedicine is a rapidly emerging field, there is still a need for systematic analyses and summaries to further advance their development. This review presents a comprehensive survey on the utilization of ILs in the biomedical field. It specifically emphasizes the diverse structures and properties of ILs with their relevance in various biomedical applications. Subsequently, we summarize the mechanisms of ILs as potential drug candidates, exploring their effects on various organisms ranging from cell membranes to organelles, proteins, and nucleic acids. Furthermore, the application of ILs as extractants and catalysts in pharmaceutical engineering is introduced. In addition, we thoroughly review and analyze the applications of ILs in disease diagnosis and delivery systems. By offering an extensive analysis of recent research, our objective is to inspire new ideas and pathways for the design of innovative biomedical technologies based on ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Chemical and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuyuan Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Chemical and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hua Yue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- College of Chemical and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tong Chen
- College of Chemical and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanyan Diao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Chemical and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- College of Chemical and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Suojiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Chemical and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Concepción A, Ricardo A, Enrique SL. Biodegradation of Choline NTF 2 by Pantoea agglomerans in Different Osmolarity. Characterization and Environmental Implications of the Produced Exopolysaccharide. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3974. [PMID: 37836024 PMCID: PMC10575057 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A specific microorganism, Pantoea agglomerans uam8, was isolated from the ionic liquid (IL) Choline NTF2 and identified by molecular biology. A biodegradation study was performed at osmolarity conditions (0.2, 0.6, 1.0 M). These had an important influence on the growth of the strain, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and biodegradation (1303 mg/L max production and 80% biodegradation at 0.6 M). These conditions also had an important influence on the morphology of the strain and its EPSs, but not in the chemical composition. The EPS (glucose, mannose and galactose (6:0.5:2)) produced at 0.6 M was further characterized using different techniques. The obtained EPSs presented important differences in the behavior of the emulsifying activity for vegetable oils (olive (86%), sunflower (56%) and coconut (90%)) and hydrocarbons (diesel (62%), hexane (60%)), and were compared with commercial emulsifiers. The EPS produced at 0.6 M had the highest emulsifying activity overall. This EPS did not show cytotoxicity against the tested cell line (<20%) and presented great advantages as an antioxidant (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH) (85%), hydroxyl radical (OH) (99%), superoxide anion (O2-) (94%), chelator (54%), and antimicrobial product (15 mm). The osmolarity conditions directly affected the capacity of the strain to biodegrade IL and the subsequently produced EPS. Furthermore, the EPS produced at 0.6 M has potential for environmental applications, such as the removal of hazardous materials by emulsification, whilst resulting in positive health effects such as antioxidant activity and non-toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrusci Concepción
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (S.-L.E.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amils Ricardo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (S.-L.E.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sánchez-León Enrique
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (S.-L.E.)
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28
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Niemczak M, Stachowiak W, Kaczmarek DK, Grzanka M, Sobiech Ł. A comprehensive study demonstrating the influence of the solvent composition on the phytotoxicity of compounds, as exemplified by 2,4-D-based ILs with a choline-type cation. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3602-3610. [PMID: 37183344 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing concern for the protection of the environment and existing ecosystems has resulted in increasing consideration of phytotoxicity tests as valid ecotoxicological indicators of the potential hazards of the use of ionic liquids (ILs) or any other chemical. The objective of this study was to gain a detailed understanding of the influence of the solvent composition of spray solutions on the phytotoxic effect of foliar application of ionic pairs with weak (choline 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, [Chol][2,4-D]), medium (N-hexylcholine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, [C6 Chol][2,4-D]) and good (N-dodecylcholine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, [C12 Chol][2,4-D]) surface-active properties. RESULTS Experimental results unambiguously demonstrated that the biological activity of the test salt solutions, particularly [Chol][2,4-D] and [C6 Chol][2,4-D], can be strongly affected by the addition of an organic solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, dimethylformamide (DMF) or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) compared to solutions in pure water. However, the observed tendency is less pronounced for the compound exhibiting good surface activity, [C12 Chol][2,4-D]. CONCLUSIONS The collected findings show that caution is warranted in the exploitation or modification of methodologies for assessing phytotoxicity to ensure the reliable interpretation of obtained results for environmental risk assessment or building quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Niemczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Witold Stachowiak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Monika Grzanka
- Department of Agronomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sobiech
- Department of Agronomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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29
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Mitra S, Sharma VK, Ghosh SK. Effects of ionic liquids on biomembranes: A review on recent biophysical studies. Chem Phys Lipids 2023; 256:105336. [PMID: 37586678 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been emerged as a versatile class of compounds that can be easily tuned to achieve desirable properties for various applications. The ability of ILs to interact with biomembranes has attracted significant interest, as they have been shown to modulate membrane properties in ways that may have implications for various biological processes. This review provides an overview of recent studies that have investigated the interaction between ILs and biomembranes. We discuss the effects of ILs on the physical and chemical properties of biomembranes, including changes in membrane fluidity, permeability, and stability. We also explore the mechanisms underlying the interaction of ILs with biomembranes, such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces. Additionally, we discuss the future prospects of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Mitra
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India.
| | - Veerendra K Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Sajal K Ghosh
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India.
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30
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Jiao E, Larsson P, Wang Q, Zhu Z, Yin D, Kärrman A, van Hees P, Karlsson P, Qiu Y, Yeung LWY. Further Insight into Extractable (Organo)fluorine Mass Balance Analysis of Tap Water from Shanghai, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:14330-14339. [PMID: 37710968 PMCID: PMC10537424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and the detection of unexplained extractable organofluorine (EOF) in drinking water have raised growing concerns. A recent study reported the detection of inorganic fluorinated anions in German river systems, and therefore, in some samples, EOF may include some inorganic fluorinated anions. Thus, it might be more appropriate to use the term "extractable fluorine (EF) analysis" instead of the term EOF analysis. In this study, tap water samples (n = 39) from Shanghai were collected to assess the levels of EF/EOF, 35 target PFAS, two inorganic fluorinated anions (tetrafluoroborate (BF4-) and hexafluorophosphate (PF6-)), and novel PFAS through suspect screening and potential oxidizable precursors through oxidative conversion. The results showed that ultra-short PFAS were the largest contributors to target PFAS, accounting for up to 97% of ΣPFAS. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first time that bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NTf2) was reported in drinking water from China, and p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzenesulfonate (OBS) was also identified through suspect screening. Small amounts of precursors that can be oxidatively converted to PFCAs were noted after oxidative conversion. EF mass balance analysis revealed that target PFAS could only explain less than 36% of EF. However, the amounts of unexplained extractable fluorine were greatly reduced when BF4- and PF6- were included. These compounds further explained more than 44% of the EF, indicating the role of inorganic fluorinated anions in the mass balance analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enmiao Jiao
- Key
Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental
Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai
Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Pontus Larsson
- Man-Technology-Environment
Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Qi Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhu
- Key
Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental
Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai
Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key
Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental
Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai
Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Anna Kärrman
- Man-Technology-Environment
Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Patrick van Hees
- Man-Technology-Environment
Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
- Eurofins
Food and Feed Testing Sweden AB, Sjöhagsgatan 3, SE-531 40 Lidköping, Sweden
| | - Patrik Karlsson
- Eurofins
Food and Feed Testing Sweden AB, Sjöhagsgatan 3, SE-531 40 Lidköping, Sweden
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key
Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental
Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai
Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Leo W. Y. Yeung
- Man-Technology-Environment
Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
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31
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Liu Y, Gao L, Chen L, Zhou W, Wang C, Ma L. Exploring carbohydrate extraction from biomass using deep eutectic solvents: Factors and mechanisms. iScience 2023; 26:107671. [PMID: 37680471 PMCID: PMC10480316 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are increasingly being recognized as sustainable and promising solvents because of their unique properties: low melting point, low cost, and biocompatibility. Some DESs possess high viscosity, remarkable stability, and minimal toxicity, enhancing their appeal for diverse applications. Notably, they hold promise in biomass pretreatment, a crucial step in biomass conversion, although their potential in algal biomass carbohydrates extraction remains largely unexplored. Understanding the correlation between DESs' properties and their behavior in carbohydrate extraction, alongside cellulose degradation mechanisms, remains a gap. This review provides an overview of the use of DESs in extracting carbohydrates from lignocellulosic and algal biomass, explores the factors that influence the behavior of DESs in carbohydrate extraction, and sheds light on the mechanism of cellulose degradation by DESs. Additionally, the review discusses potential future developments and applications of DESs, particularly extracting carbohydrates from algal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- School of Resources & Environment and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031 P.R. China
| | - Lingling Gao
- School of Resources & Environment and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031 P.R. China
| | - Lungang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Wenguang Zhou
- School of Resources & Environment and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031 P.R. China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Longlong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
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32
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Lu X, He Y, Liu Y, Wang XP, Xue YL, Zheng ZY, Duan SY, Kong HL, Zhang RZ, Huang JL, Deng J, Duan P. Intergenerational toxic effects of parental exposure to [C n mim]NO 3 (n = 2,4,6) on nervous and skeletal development in zebrafish offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2204-2218. [PMID: 37300850 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are thought to have negative effects on human health. Researchers have explored the effects of ILs on zebrafish development during the early stages, but the intergenerational toxicity of ILs on zebrafish development has rarely been reported. Herein, parental zebrafish were exposed to different concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/L) of [Cn mim]NO3 (n = 2, 4, 6) for 1 week. Subsequently, the F1 offspring were cultured in clean water for 96 h. [Cn mim]NO3 (n = 2, 4, 6) exposure inhibited spermatogenesis and oogenesis in F0 adults, even causing obvious lacunae in the testis and atretic follicle oocytes in ovary. After parental exposure to [Cn mim]NO3 (n = 2, 4, 6), the body length and locomotor behavior were measured in F1 larvae at 96 hours post-fertilization (hpf). The results showed that the higher the concentration of [Cn mim]NO3 (n = 2, 4, 6), the shorter the body length and swimming distance, and the longer the immobility time. Besides, a longer alkyl chain length of [Cn mim]NO3 had a more negative effect on body length and locomotor behavior. RNA-seq analysis revealed several downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs)-grin1b, prss1, gria3a, and gria4a-enriched in neurodevelopment-related pathways, particularly the pathway for neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. Moreover, several upregulated DEGs, namely col1a1a, col1a1b, and acta2, were mainly associated with skeletal development. Expression of DEGs was tested by RT-qPCR, and the outcomes were consistent with those obtained from RNA-Seq. We provide evidence showing the effects of parental exposure to ILs on the regulation of nervous and skeletal development in F1 offspring, demonstrating intergenerational effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
- Postgraduate Union training base of Jinzhou Medical University, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
- Postgraduate Union training base of Jinzhou Medical University, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Xin-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Yu-Ling Xue
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
- Postgraduate Union training base of Jinzhou Medical University, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Zi-Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Su-Yang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Hong-Liang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Rong-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Jiao-Long Huang
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Peng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, China
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Huang HH, Jia J, Ren L, Wang S, Yue T, Yan B, Chu YH. A zwitterionic solution for smart ionic liquids to evade cytotoxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131430. [PMID: 37080032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
By linking the cation and anion motifs of ionic liquids (ILs), zwitterionic liquids (ZILs) exhibit at least 146-2740 and 112-1550 folds less cytotoxicity in human gastric and colon cells than those of the structurally related ILs. Computer simulation shows that ZIL molecules hardly penetrate the cell membranes in contrast to ILs. These findings reveal a novel mechanism for ZILs to evade cytotoxicity, establishing a structure-based design principle for the next generation of sustainable ZILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Heng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, 621301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jianbo Jia
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Luyao Ren
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Shenqing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Tongtao Yue
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China.
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Yen-Ho Chu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, 621301, Taiwan, ROC.
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Viana T, Almeida R, Figueira P, Rocha L, Neves MC, Freitas R, Freire M, Henriques B, Pereira E. Removal of mercury by silica-supported ionic liquids: Efficiency and ecotoxicological assessment. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 261:106611. [PMID: 37336029 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic impacts have affected the coastal environment and contributed to its contamination. Mercury (Hg) is widespread in nature and has been shown to be toxic in even the smallest amounts, negatively affecting not only the marine ecosystem but also the entire trophic chain due to its biomagnification. Mercury ranks third on the Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR) priority list and it is therefore imperative to develop more effective methods than those currently available to avoid the persistence of this contaminant in aquatic ecosystems. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of six different silica-supported ionic liquids (SIL) in removing Hg from contaminated saline water, under realistic conditions ([Hg] = 50 µg/L), and to ecotoxicologically evaluate the safety of the SIL-remedied water, using as test model the marine macroalga Ulva lactuca. The results revealed that SIL [Si][C3C1im][SCN] (250 mg/L) was the most effective in removing Hg from solution, with a efficiency up to 99 % in just 6 h, that enable to obtain < 1 µg/L Hg (European guideline in drinking water). U. lactuca exposed to either the SIL and/or the remedied water showed no significant changes in relative growth rate and chlorophyll a and b levels, compared to the control condition. Biomarker analysis (LPO, GSH, GSSG, SOD, GPx, CAT and GRed) also showed no significant changes in the biochemical performance of U. lactuca. Therefore, it could be assumed that water treatment with SIL or its presence in an aqueous environment does not pose toxicity levels that could inhibit the metabolism or cause cell damage to U. lactuca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thainara Viana
- LAQV-REQUIMTE - Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Raquel Almeida
- LAQV-REQUIMTE - Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula Figueira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE - Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Luciana Rocha
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Márcia C Neves
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mara Freire
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- LAQV-REQUIMTE - Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE - Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Pawłowska B, Wojtala D, Biczak R. Ionic Liquids as Environmental Pollutants-Analysis of the Effect of Tetrabutylammonium Chloride on the Growth and Development of Wheat and Cucumber. TOXICS 2023; 11:522. [PMID: 37368622 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are a huge group of chemical compounds that have found, or may, in the future, find, applications in various industries. These compounds are characterized by excellent physical, chemical, and biological properties, but a big problem is their environmental impact. One of the representatives of this group of compounds is tetrabutylammonium chloride ([TBA][Cl]). In this present study, the effects of [TBA][Cl] were evaluated on two popular plant species-a monocotyledonous plant-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and a dicotyledonous plant-cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). The results showed that the compound caused a pronounced inhibition of plant growth and roots, as well as plant fresh weight yield. An increase in plant dry weight was observed at the same time. Despite the decrease in the content of photosynthetic pigments, no major changes were observed in chlorophyll fluorescence. All observed changes were strongly related to the applied concentration of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pawłowska
- The Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Dagmara Wojtala
- The Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Robert Biczak
- The Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
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Chu L, Hou X, Song X, Zhao X, Hu S, Shen G. Toxicity of ionic liquids against earthworms (Eisenia fetida). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162411. [PMID: 36870498 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are widely used in frontier fields because of their highly tunable properties. Although ILs may have adverse effects on organisms, few studies have focused on their effect on earthworm gene expression. Herein we investigated the toxicity mechanism of different ILs towards Eisenia fetida using transcriptomics. Earthworms were exposed to soil containing different concentrations and types of ILs, and behavior, weight, enzymatic activity and transcriptome were analyzed. Earthworms exhibited avoidance behavior towards ILs and growth was inhibited. ILs also affected antioxidant and detoxifying enzymatic activity. These effects were concentration and alkyl chain length-dependent. Analysis of intrasample expression levels and differences in transcriptome expression levels showed good parallelism within groups and large differences between groups. Based on functional classification analysis, we speculate that toxicity mainly occurs through translation and modification of proteins and intracellular transport functions, which affect protein-related binding functions and catalytic activity. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that ILs may damage the digestive system of earthworms, among other possible pathological effects. Transcriptome analysis reveals mechanisms that cannot be observed by conventional toxicity endpoints. This is useful to evaluate the potential environmental adverse effects of the industrial use of ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Chu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xinshan Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Shuangqing Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Genxiang Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
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37
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Prabhune A, Dey R. Green and sustainable solvents of the future: Deep eutectic solvents. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Li J, Zhang M, He J, Ni P. Exploring anionic homopolymerization and copolymerization of vinyl monomers in deep eutectic solvent. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Wang L, Wu D, Yu Z, Huang S, Zhang J. Hormone-mediated multi- and trans-generational reproductive toxicities of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate on Caenorhabditis elegans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160958. [PMID: 36535467 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are emergent pollutants and their reproductive toxicities show hormesis, earning attentions on their environmental risk. Yet, their reproductive effects over generations and the mechanisms were seldom explored. In the present study, the reproductive effects of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C2mim]PF6) on Caenorhabditis elegans were measured in 11 continuously exposed generations (F1 to F11) to explore the multi-generational effects, and also in the non-exposed generations of F1 and F11 (i.e., their great-grand-daughters, T4 and T4') to explore the trans-generational effects. In multi-generational reproductive effects, there were concentration-dependent hormetic effects with hazard-benefit alteration between low and high concentrations (e.g., in F3). There were also generation-dependent hormetic effects with hazard-benefit alterations over generations (e.g., between F4 and F5, between F8 and F9, and between F10 and F11). Meanwhile, the results also showed benefit-hazard alteration between F2 and F3, between F6 and F7, and between F9 and F10. Trans-generational effects showed common inhibitions in T4 and T4' at both low and high concentrations. In the biochemical analysis, hormones and hormone-like substances including progesterone (P), estradiol (E2), prostaglandin (PG) and testosterone (T) showed multi- and trans-generational changes with inhibition and stimulation, which contributed to the reproductive outcomes in each generation. Such contribution was also observed in the hormones' precursor cholesterol and the proteins that are essential for reproduction including vitellogenin (Vn) and major sperm protein (MSP). Moreover, the biochemicals showed significant involvement in the connection among generations. Furthermore, the multi- and trans-generational effects of [C2mim]PF6 and histidine showed similar modes of actions despite some differences, implying the contribution of their shared imidazole structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China; Jiaxing Tongji Institute for Environment, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314051, PR China
| | - Di Wu
- Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Zhenyang Yu
- Jiaxing Tongji Institute for Environment, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314051, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shidi Huang
- College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China.
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Toxicity of ionic liquids in marine and freshwater microorganisms and invertebrates: state of the art. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:39288-39318. [PMID: 36745344 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The variety of applications and expected growth in ionic liquid production are raising concerns about the release of these compounds into aquatic systems. Up to date, 103 studies have provided ecotoxicological data regarding the exposure effects of Ionic Liquids towards aquatic microorganisms and invertebrate species: 61 were devoted to freshwater species (n = 28), while marine species (n = 12) were mentioned in 42. The aim of this review, by gathering published studies on ionic liquids and model aquatic organisms, was to present the toxic effects described in distinct species and to understand which are the main factors influencing the toxicity of some ionic liquids. In accordance with the most recognized pattern, freshwater species were featured in a higher number of publications than marine ones. After literature analysis, algal species were the most represented organisms in aquatic toxicity assessments. Among tested compounds, the imidazolium cations in combination with long alkyl-chain anions, showed to be the most toxic one. In analytical terms, it is not straightforward to find the undissociated compound in a natural compartment, as ionic liquids are composed of ionic components, easily subjected to dissociation. Given the aforementioned, the present review paper points out the need of increasing the number of organisms being assessed in ionic liquids toxicity assays, in order to start defining monitoring procedures. Moreover, such would allow a better understanding of ionic liquids contamination status and, also, the opportunity to remark the effectiveness of new in silico methods for the ecotoxicity assessment of this kind of substances.
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41
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Recent progress of catalysts for synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO2 and epoxides. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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42
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Liu XL, Chen MQ, Jiang YL, Gao RY, Wang ZJ, Wang P. Rhodobacter sphaeroides as a model to study the ecotoxicity of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1106832. [PMID: 36793784 PMCID: PMC9923006 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1106832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The purple non-sulfur bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides was selected as a biological model to investigate its response to the toxicity of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([Cnmim]Br), a type of ionic liquid (IL), with different alkyl chain lengths (n describes the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain). The inhibition of bacterial growth by [Cnmim]Br was positively correlated with n. Morphological characterization revealed that [Cnmim]Br caused cell membrane perforation. The signal amplitude of the electrochromic absorption band shift of endogenous carotenoids showed a negatively linear correlation with n, and the amplitude of the blue-shift of the B850 band in light-harvesting complex 2 showed a positively linear correlation with n. Furthermore, an increase in blocked ATP synthesis and increase in antioxidant enzyme activity were observed in chromatophores treated with ILs containing longer alkyl chains. In summary, the purple bacterium can be developed as a model to monitor ecotoxicity and examine the mechanism of IL toxicity.
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Role of Fungi in Biodegradation of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids by Activated Sewage Sludge. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031268. [PMID: 36770935 PMCID: PMC9919375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs), due to their specific properties, can play the role of persistent water contaminants. Fungi manifest the ability to decompose hardy degradable compounds, showing potential in the biodegradation of ILs, which has been studied extensively on sewage sludge; however, attention was drawn mainly to bacterial and not fungal species. The aim of the research was to determine the significance of fungi in ILs' biodegradation to extend the knowledge and possibly point out ways of increasing their role in this process. The research included: the isolation and genetic identification of fungal strains potentially capable of [OMIM][Cl], [BMIM][Cl], [OMIM][Tf2N], and [BMIM][Tf2N] degradation, adjustment of the ILs concentration for biodegradability test by MICs determination and choosing strains with the highest biological robustness; inoculum adaptation tests, and finally primary biodegradation by OECD 301F test. The study, conducted for 2 mM [OMIM][Cl] as a tested substance and consortium of microorganisms as inoculum, resulted in an average 64.93% biodegradation rate within a 28-day testing period. For the individual fungal strain (Candida tropicalis), the maximum of only 4.89% biodegradation rate was reached in 10 days, then inhibited. Insight into the role of fungi in the biodegradation of ILs was obtained, enabling the creation of a complex overview of ILs toxicity and the possibilities of its biological use. However, only an inoculum consisting of a consortium of microorganisms enriched with a selected strain of fungi was able to decompose the IL, in contrast to that consisting only of an individual fungal strain.
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Ren H, Qian H, Hou Q, Li W, Ju M. Removal of ionic liquid in water environment: A review of fundamentals and applications. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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45
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Ivanović M, Krajnc P, Mlinarič A, Razboršek MI. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion (MSPD) Extraction for Determination of Bioactive Compounds from Sandy Everlasting ( Helichrysum arenarium L.): A Case of Stability Study. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3468. [PMID: 36559581 PMCID: PMC9782231 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, vortex-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion (VA-MSPD) extraction was used to isolate the major bioactive compounds from H. arenarium. To reduce the negative environmental impact of the conventionally used organic solvents, four different choline chloride-based natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were investigated as possible eluents. The most influential VA-MSPD extraction parameters: stationary phase (adsorbent), adsorbent/sample ratio, vortex time, and volume of extraction solvent were systematically optimized. Ultrasound-assisted extraction with 80% MeOH was used as the standard method for the comparison of results. The stability of the obtained extracts was studied over a period of 0 to 60 days at three different temperatures (-18 °C, 4 °C, and 25 °C). All extracts were evaluated both spectrophotometrically (determination of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity by ABTS and FRAP assay) and chromatographically (HPLC-UV). NADES based on choline chloride and lactic acid (ChCl-LA) was selected as the most effective extractant, with a determined TPC value of its extract of 38.34 ± 0.09 mg GA/g DW (27% higher than the methanolic VA-MSPD extract) and high antioxidant activity. The content of individual phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, dicaffeoylquinic acid isomers, naringenin isomers, and chalcones) in the ChCl-LA extract, determined by HPLC-UV, was comparable to that of the conventionally obtained one. Moreover, the stabilization effect of ChCl-LA was confirmed for the studied compounds: chlorogenic acid, naringenin-4'-O-glucoside, tomoroside A, naringenin-5-O-glucoside, isosalipurposide, and naringenin. The optimum VA-MSPD conditions for the extraction of H. arenarium polyphenols were: florisil/sample ratio of 0.5/1, a vortex time of 2 min, and an elution volume of ChCl-LA of 10 mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Ivanović
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Peter Krajnc
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Mlinarič
- Marifarm, Proizvodnja in Storitve d.o.o., Minařikova ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maša Islamčević Razboršek
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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46
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Makarov D, Fadeeva Y, Safonova E, Shmukler L. Predictive modeling of antibacterial activity of ionic liquids by machine learning methods. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 101:107775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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47
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Ahmadian M, Rad-Moghadam K, Gholami Z. Supercooled deep eutectic melt of tetramethylguanidine hydrochloride and sorbitol: An efficient promoter for synthesis of pyrano[3,2-c]chromenes. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Liu Q, Gao K, Li L, Yang M, Gao Z, Deng X. Salinity fluctuation influences the toxicity of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C 8mim]Cl) to a marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114379. [PMID: 36435022 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a marine diatom (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) was exposed to 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C8mim]Cl) for 96 h at three different salinities (25, 35, and 45 ‰) for investigating their interactive effects. Results showed that values of EC10 and EC50 at 96 h of exposure were 0.29, 1.06, 2.01 μg L-1 and 7.21, 7.71, 7.25 mg L-1 when the salinities were 25, 35, and 45 ‰, respectively, meaning that salinity fluctuation affected the toxicity of [C8mim]Cl to this diatom. Changes in chlorophyll a contents and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters suggested that [C8mim]Cl and salinity fluctuation had a significant interactive effect on the algal photosynthesis. In addition, soluble protein content and activities of antioxidant enzymes in algal cells changed significantly. Increased malondialdehyde contents indicated that the combined stresses could induce excessive production of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative damage to the algal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Gao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Linqing Li
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengting Yang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Gao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyuan Deng
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, People's Republic of China.
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Saheed IO, Azeez SO, Suah FBM. Imidazolium based ionic liquids modified polysaccharides for adsorption and solid-phase extraction applications: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Theoretical insight and experimental exploration of designing biocompatible functionalized ionic liquids for efficient separation of typical organic Lewis acid compound indole from coal-based fuel pyrolysis product. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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