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Chen X, Gong D, Lin Y, Xu Q, Wang Y, Liu S, Li Q, Ma F, Li J, Deng S, Wang H, Wang B. Emission characteristics of biogenic volatile organic compounds in a subtropical pristine forest of southern China. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 148:665-682. [PMID: 39095198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Emission characteristics of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from dominant tree species in the subtropical pristine forests of China are extremely limited. Here we conducted in situ field measurements of BVOCs emissions from representative mature evergreen trees by using dynamic branch enclosures at four altitude gradients (600-1690 m a.s.l.) in the Nanling Mountains of southern China. Composition characteristics as well as seasonal and altitudinal variations were analyzed. Standardized emission rates and canopy-scale emission factors were then calculated. Results showed that BVOCs emission intensities in the wet season were generally higher than those in the dry season. Monoterpenes were the dominant BVOCs emitted from most broad-leaved trees, accounting for over 70% of the total. Schima superba, Yushania basihirsuta and Altingia chinensis had relatively high emission intensities and secondary pollutant formation potentials. The localized emission factors of isoprene were comparable to the defaults in the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN), while emission factors of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were 2 to 58 times of those in the model. Our results can be used to update the current BVOCs emission inventory in MEGAN, thereby reducing the uncertainties of BVOCs emission estimations in forested regions of southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Daocheng Gong
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Environment and Carbon Neutrality in Nanling Forests, China; Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management (Guangdong), Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Youjing Lin
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Hainan Provincial Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Haikou 571126, China
| | - Qiao Xu
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yujin Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Qinqin Li
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Fangyuan Ma
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Jiangyong Li
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Shuo Deng
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Environment and Carbon Neutrality in Nanling Forests, China; Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management (Guangdong), Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Boguang Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Environment and Carbon Neutrality in Nanling Forests, China; Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management (Guangdong), Guangzhou 511443, China.
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2
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Yáñez-Serrano AM, Corbera J, Portillo-Estrada M, Janssens IA, Llusià J, Filella I, Peñuelas J, Preece C, Sabater F, Fernández-Martínez M. Drivers of biogenic volatile organic compound emissions in hygrophytic bryophytes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174293. [PMID: 38936717 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Bryophytes can both emit and take up biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) to and from the environment. Despite the scarce study of these exchanges, BVOCs have been shown to be important for a wide range of ecological roles. Bryophytes are the most ancient clade of land plants and preserve very similar traits to those first land colonisers. Therefore, the study of these plants can help understand the early processes of BVOC emissions as an adaptation to terrestrial life. Here, we determine the emission rates of BVOCs from different bryophyte species to understand what drives such emissions. We studied 26 bryophyte species from temperate regions that can be found in mountain springs located in NE Spain. Bryophyte BVOC emission presented no significant phylogenetic signal for any of the compounds analysed. Hence, we used mixed linear models to investigate the species-specific differences and eco-physiological and environmental drivers of bryophyte BVOC emission. In general, species-specific variability was the main factor explaining bryophyte BVOC emissions; but additionally, photosynthetic rates and light intensity increased BVOC emissions. Despite emission measurements reported here were conducted at 30°, and may not directly correspond to emission rates in natural conditions, most of the screened species have never been measured before for BVOC emissions and therefore this information can help understand the drivers of the emissions of BVOCs in bryophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Yáñez-Serrano
- IDAEA-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain.
| | - J Corbera
- Delegació de la Serralada Litoral Central, ICHN, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Portillo-Estrada
- PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - I A Janssens
- PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - J Llusià
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - I Filella
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Peñuelas
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - C Preece
- IRTA, Torre Marimón, Caldes de Montbui, Catalonia, Spain
| | - F Sabater
- BEECA-UB, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, E08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Fernández-Martínez
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain; Delegació de la Serralada Litoral Central, ICHN, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; BEECA-UB, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, E08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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3
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Peng Q, Yang Y, Ou W, Wei L, Li Z, Deng X, Gao Q. The characteristics and environmental significance of BVOCs released by aquatic macrophytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142574. [PMID: 38852633 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted by plants serve crucial biological functions and potentially impact atmospheric environment and global carbon cycling. Despite their significance, BVOC emissions from aquatic macrophytes have been relatively understudied. In this study, for the first time we identified there were 68 major BVOCs released from 34 common aquatic macrophytes, and these compounds referred to alcohols, aldehydes, alkanes, alkenes, arenes, ethers, furans, ketones, phenol. For type of BVOC emissions from different life form and phylogenetic group of aquatic macrophytes, 34 of the 68 BVOCs from emergent and submerged macrophytes are classified into alkene and alcohol compounds, over 50% BVOCs from dicotyledon and monocotyledon belong to alcohol and arene compounds. Charophyte and pteridophyte emitted significantly fewer BVOCs than dicotyledon and monocotyledon, and each of them only released 12 BVOCs. These BVOCs may be of great importance for the growth and development of macrophytes, because many BVOCs, such as azulene, (E)-β-farnesene, and dimethyl sulfide are proved to play vital roles in plant growth, defense, and information transmission. Our results confirmed that both life form and phylogenetic group of aquatic macrophytes had significantly affected the BVOC emissions form macrophytes, and suggested that the intricate interplay of internal and external factors that shape BVOC emissions from aquatic macrophytes. Thus, further studies are urgently needed to investigate the influence factors and ecological function of BVOCs released by macrophytes within aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiutong Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yujing Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Wenhui Ou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Lifei Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zhongqiang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Xuwei Deng
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China.
| | - Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
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Niu D, Xu L, Lin K. Multitrophic and Multilevel Interactions Mediated by Volatile Organic Compounds. INSECTS 2024; 15:572. [PMID: 39194777 DOI: 10.3390/insects15080572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Plants communicate with insects and other organisms through the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Using Boolean operators, we retrieved 1093 articles from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, selecting 406 for detailed analysis, with approximately 50% focusing on herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). This review examines the roles of VOCs in direct and indirect plant defense mechanisms and their influence on complex communication networks within ecosystems. Our research reveals significant functions of VOCs in four principal areas: activating insect antennae, attracting adult insects, attracting female insects, and attracting natural enemies. Terpenoids like α-pinene and β-myrcene significantly alter pest behavior by attracting natural enemies. β-ocimene and β-caryophyllene are crucial in regulating aboveground and belowground interactions. We emphasize the potential applications of VOCs in agriculture for developing novel pest control strategies and enhancing crop resilience. Additionally, we identify research gaps and propose new directions, stressing the importance of comparative studies across ecosystems and long-term observational research to better understand VOCs dynamics. In conclusion, we provide insights into the multifunctionality of VOCs in natural ecosystems, their potential for future research and applications, and their role in advancing sustainable agricultural and ecological practices, contributing to a deeper understanding of their mechanisms and ecological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Niu
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010000, China
- Inner Mongolia-CABI Joint Laboratory for Grassland Protection and Sustainable Utilization, Hohhot 010000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biohazard Monitoring, Green Prevention and Control for Artificial Grassland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010000, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Protection Ecology, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Linbo Xu
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010000, China
- Inner Mongolia-CABI Joint Laboratory for Grassland Protection and Sustainable Utilization, Hohhot 010000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biohazard Monitoring, Green Prevention and Control for Artificial Grassland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010000, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Protection Ecology, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Kejian Lin
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010000, China
- Inner Mongolia-CABI Joint Laboratory for Grassland Protection and Sustainable Utilization, Hohhot 010000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biohazard Monitoring, Green Prevention and Control for Artificial Grassland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010000, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Protection Ecology, Hohhot 010000, China
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Zhang C, Singla RK, Tang M, Shen B. Natural products act as game-changer potentially in treatment and management of sepsis-mediated inflammation: A clinical perspective. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155710. [PMID: 38759311 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis, a life-threatening condition resulting from uncontrolled host responses to infection, poses a global health challenge with limited therapeutic options. Due to high heterogeneity, sepsis lacks specific therapeutic drugs. Additionally, there remains a significant gap in the clinical management of sepsis regarding personalized and precise medicine. PURPOSE This review critically examines the scientific landscape surrounding natural products in sepsis and sepsis-mediated inflammation, highlighting their clinical potential. METHODS Following the PRISMA guidelines, we retrieved articles from PubMed to explore potential natural products with therapeutic effects in sepsis-mediated inflammation. RESULTS 434 relevant in vitro and in vivo studies were identified and screened. Ultimately, 55 studies were obtained as the supporting resources for the present review. We divided the 55 natural products into three categories: those influencing the synthesis of inflammatory factors, those affecting surface receptors and modulatory factors, and those influencing signaling pathways and the inflammatory cascade. CONCLUSION Natural products' potential as game-changers in sepsis-mediated inflammation management lies in their ability to modulate hallmarks in sepsis, including inflammation, immunity, and coagulopathy, which provides new therapeutic avenues that are readily accessible and capable of undergoing rapid clinical validation and deployment, offering a gift from nature to humanity. Innovative techniques like bioinformatics, metabolomics, and systems biology offer promising solutions to overcome these obstacles and facilitate the development of natural product-based therapeutics, holding promise for personalized and precise sepsis management and improving patient outcomes. However, standardization, bioavailability, and safety challenges arise during experimental validation and clinical trials of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610212, PR China
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610212, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab-144411, India
| | - Min Tang
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610212, PR China; West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610212, PR China.
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Guo Y, Ma Y, Zhu Z, Tigabu M, Marshall P, Zhang Z, Lin H, Huang Z, Wang G, Guo F. Release of biogenic volatile organic compounds and physiological responses of two sub-tropical tree species to smoke derived from forest fire. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 275:116250. [PMID: 38552387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Forests emit a large amount of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in response to biotic and abiotic stress. Despite frequent occurrence of large forest fires in recent years, the impact of smoke stress derived from these forest fires on the emission of BVOCs is largely unexplored. Thus, the aims of the study were to quantify the amount and composition of BVOCs released by two sub-tropical tree species, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba, in response to exposure to smoke. Physiological responses and their relationship with BVOCs were also investigated. The results showed that smoke treatments significantly (p < 0.001) promoted short-term release of BVOCs by C. lanceolata leaves than S. superba; and alkanes, olefins and benzene homologs were identified as major classes of BVOCs. Both C. lanceolata and S. superba seedlings showed significant (p < 0.005) physiological responses after being smoke-stressed where photosynthetic rate remained unaffected, chlorophyll content greatly reduced and Activities of anti-oxidant enzymes and the malondialdehyde content generally increased with the increase in smoke concentration. Activities of anti-oxidant enzymes showed mainly positive correlations with the major BVOCs. In conclusion, the release of BVOCs following smoke stress is species-specific and there exists a link between activities of antioxidant enzymes and BVOCs released. The findings provide insight about management of forest fires in order to control excessive emission of smoke that would trigger increased release of BVOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Guo
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yuanfan Ma
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhongpan Zhu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Mulualem Tigabu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Peter Marshall
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Haichuan Lin
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Ziyan Huang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Futao Guo
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Li L, Bai G, Han H, Wu Y, Xie S, Xie W. Localized biogenic volatile organic compound emission inventory in China: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120121. [PMID: 38281423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the precursors of forming ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Accurate estimates of biogenic VOC (BVOC) emissions is essential for understanding the formation mechanism of O3 and PM2.5 pollution and precise reduction on anthropogenic emissions and thereby mitigating O3 and PM2.5 pollution. To gain comprehensive knowledge of BVOC emissions and improve the accuracy of their estimation, this study reviewed localized national, regional, and municipal emission estimations in China. From their comparisons, BVOC emission characteristics and deficiencies in the inventory compilation methodology were also investigated. The estimated BVOC emissions in China ranged between 10 and 58.9 Tg yr-1 and 10.9-18.9 Tg C yr-1, with diverse contributions for different BVOC categories. The simulated historical and future BVOC emissions exhibited an increasing trend. The uncertainty of the BVOC estimates was mainly from the applications of incomplete emission models, less localized accurate emission factors, deficient vegetation cover information, and low-resolution meteorological data in the inventory compilation. The regional and municipal BVOC emission inventories mainly focused on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Pearl River Delta, Sichuan Basin, and Yangtze River Delta regions, as well as the cities therein. For the same area, different studies reported diverse BVOC emissions by a maximum of two orders of magnitude. There is usually a lack of basic data with more detailed investigations and higher precision for estimation of BVOC emissions. By summarizing the measurements on terrestrial and marine BVOC emission fluxes, they are mainly focused on the Guangdong, Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces, and Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea, respectively. Expanding the temporal and spatial scales of observations is encouraged to enhance our understanding on the emissions and improve the emission estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Carbon Neutrality and Eco-Environmental Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Guangkun Bai
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Carbon Neutrality and Eco-Environmental Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huijuan Han
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Carbon Neutrality and Eco-Environmental Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shaodong Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenxia Xie
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Carbon Neutrality and Eco-Environmental Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Yang K, Llusià J, Preece C, Ogaya R, Márquez Tur L, Mu Z, You C, Xu Z, Tan Y, Peñuelas J. Impacts of seasonality, drought, nitrogen fertilization, and litter on soil fluxes of biogenic volatile organic compounds in a Mediterranean forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167354. [PMID: 37774858 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) play critical roles in ecosystems at various scales, influencing above- and below-ground interactions and contributing to the atmospheric environment. Nonetheless, there is a lack of research on soil BVOC fluxes and their response to environmental changes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of drought, nitrogen (N) fertilization, and litter manipulation on soil BVOC fluxes in a Mediterranean forest. We assessed the effects of drought and N fertilization on soil BVOC exchanges and soil CO2 fluxes over two consecutive years using a dynamic chamber method, and solid-phase microextraction was utilized to quantify soil BVOCs in one year. Our findings revealed that the soil acted as an annual net sink for isoprenoids (1.30-10.33 μg m-2 h-1), with the highest uptake rates observed during summers (25.90 ± 9.36 μg m-2 h-1). The increased summer uptake can be attributed to the significant concentration gradient of BVOCs between atmosphere and soil. However, strong seasonal dynamics were observed, as the soil acted as a source of BVOCs in spring and autumn. The uptake rate of isoprenoids exhibited a significant positive correlation with soil temperature and atmospheric isoprenoid concentrations, while displaying a negative correlation with soil moisture and soil CO2 flux. The effects of drought and N fertilization on soil BVOCs were influenced by the type of VOCs, litter layer, and season. Specifically, drought significantly affected the exchange rate and quantities of sesquiterpenes. N fertilization led to increased emissions of specific BVOCs (α-pinene and camphene) due to the stimulation of litter emissions. These findings underscore the importance of the soil as a sink for atmospheric BVOCs in this dry Mediterranean ecosystem. Future drought conditions may significantly impact soil water content, resulting in drier soils throughout the year, which will profoundly affect the exchange of soil BVOCs between the soil and atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijun Yang
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Joan Llusià
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Catherine Preece
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Sustainability in Biosystems Programme, Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Roma Ogaya
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Márquez Tur
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Zhaobin Mu
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chengming You
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Institute of Ecology and Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xu
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Institute of Ecology and Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yu Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Irving MR, Goolsby EW, Stanford H, Lim-Hing S, Urrea M, Mason CM. Temperature alters the toxicological impacts of plant terpenoids on the polyphagous model herbivore Vanessa cardui. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:666-680. [PMID: 37695522 PMCID: PMC10781811 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes are a major class of secondary metabolites present in all plants, and long hypothesized to have diversified in response to specific plant-herbivore interactions. Herbivory is a major biotic interaction that plays out across broad temporal and spatial scales that vary dramatically in temperature regimes, both due to climatic variation across geographic locations as well as the effect of seasonality. In addition, there is an emerging understanding that global climate change will continue to alter the temperature regimes of nearly every habitat on Earth over the coming centuries. Regardless of source, variation in temperature may influence herbivory, in particular via changes in the efficacy and impacts of plant defensive chemistry. This study aims to characterize temperature-driven variation in toxicological effects across several structural classes of terpenes in the model herbivore Vanessa cardui, the painted lady butterfly. We observed a general increase in monoterpene toxicity to larvae, pupa, and adults at higher temperatures, as well as an increase in development time as terpene concentration increased. Results obtained from this study yield insights into possible drivers of seasonal variation in plant terpene production as well as inform effects of rising global temperatures on plant-insect interactions. In the context of other known effects of climate change on plant-herbivore interactions like carbon fertilization and compensatory feeding, temperature-driven changes in plant chemical defense efficacy may further complicate the prediction of climate change impacts on the fundamental ecological process of herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari R Irving
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Eric W Goolsby
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Hannah Stanford
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Simone Lim-Hing
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Maria Urrea
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Chase M Mason
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
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10
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Zhao D, Yang Y, Tham YJ, Zou S. Emission of marine volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by phytoplankton- a review. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 191:106177. [PMID: 37741052 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Oceans cover over 71% of the Earth's surface and play crucial roles in regulating the global climate. In the marine boundary layer, the levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been shown to have positive relations with the marine algal biomass, indicating that the marine biological activities can be an important biogenic VOCs (BVOCs) source. The emitted BVOCs will enhance the formation of secondary organic aerosols, and perturb the radiative forcing, which ultimately affects the climate. To date, knowledge on the emission processes (i.e., synthesis processes and emission rates) of BVOCs from marine phytoplankton is still lacking compared to the more well-known BVOCs released from terrestrial plants. In this review, we focus on the BVOCs emissions from the marine phytoplankton. Based on the available literature from field and laboratory studies, we listed the types of BVOCs being emitted by different marine phytoplankton species, summarized the diversity of BVOCs related to phytoplankton taxonomy and physiology and abiotic factors affecting their emissions in various marine environments, and discussed the biosynthesis and ecological function of important marine VOCs such as DMS, terpenoids and VHCs from phytoplankton. Finally, we highlighted the existing gaps in the current knowledge and the needs of future study for better understanding the physiological and ecological roles of BVOCs emission from marine phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna Zhao
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai, 519082, China; Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, 519082, China.
| | - Yee Jun Tham
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai, 519082, China; Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Shichun Zou
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai, 519082, China; Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, 519082, China
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11
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Zhang B, Qiao L, Han H, Xie W, Li L. Variations in VOCs Emissions and Their O 3 and SOA Formation Potential among Different Ages of Plant Foliage. TOXICS 2023; 11:645. [PMID: 37624151 PMCID: PMC10458546 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by plant foliage play an important role in ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. Their emissions can be influenced by the leaf age. We explored the VOCs emissions and their effects on the formation of O3 and SOA from plant foliage in different ages. VOCs emissions from the young, mature, and senescent leaves of Ginkgo biloba, Ligustrum lucidum, and Forsythia suspensa were measured using the dynamic enclosure system and the TD-GC-MS technique. Based on the emission rates of quantified compounds, their potential to form O3 and SOA was estimated. Results showed that there were significant differences in the VOCs emission rate and their composition among leaves in different ages. The emission rate of the total VOCs by young leaves was the highest, while the lowest by senescent leaves. Monoterpenes were the dominant VOCs category, and isoprene emission had the lowest contribution for the leaves at each age. With increasing leaf age, the proportion of monoterpenes emission increased, and the proportion of sesquiterpenes decreased. The variations of isoprene and other VOCs were different. The potentials of total VOCs, isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and other VOCs to form O3 (OFP) and SOA (SOAP) varied significantly among leaves at different ages. The total OFP and SOAP were the highest by young leaves, while the lowest by senescent leaves. With increasing leaf age, the contribution of monoterpenes to OFP and SOAP also increased, while that of sesquiterpenes decreased. Our study will provide support for the more accurate parameterization of the emission model and help to understand the VOCs emissions and study the precise prevention and control of complex air pollution at different times.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wenxia Xie
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Carbon Neutrality and Eco-Environmental Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (B.Z.); (L.Q.); (H.H.)
| | - Lingyu Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Carbon Neutrality and Eco-Environmental Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (B.Z.); (L.Q.); (H.H.)
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12
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Li L, Cao J, Hao Y. Spatial and species-specific responses of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions to elevated ozone from 2014-2020 in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161636. [PMID: 36657678 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
China suffered from serious and elevated ozone (O3) pollution during 2014-2020. O3 exposure increased with W126, a biologically based cumulative exposure index, at a rate of 1.738 ppm-hr yr-1. MEGAN3.1 was applied to estimate biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions and their response to O3 pollution in China by quantifying species responses to O3 stress. In 2020, China's BVOC emissions were 23.26 Tg when considering the effects of O3 pollution, which was 1.7 % higher than that without O3 stress. Isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and other VOC emissions changed by -1.0 %, 1.4 %, 15.5 %, and 2.7 %, respectively. The stimulated BVOC emissions were mainly focused on the North China Plain (NCP) and a partial area of the Tibetan Plateau, which increased by >45 %. Changes in monthly emissions differed, with the greatest increase, 181 tons (3.25 %), in August. The seasonal patterns for the impacts of O3 pollution were also distinguished spatially. The elevated O3 exposure caused BVOC emission increases of 104.7 Gg yr-1 during 2014-2020, with isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and other VOCs contributing -18.6 %, 27.5 %, 40.4 %, and 50.8 %, respectively. The greatest increase in emissions appeared on the NCP and eastern and central China, with annual increases of >100 tons per grid (36 km × 36 km). The interannual variations in BVOC emissions also displayed different seasonal patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Carbon Neutrality and Eco-Environmental Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Carbon Neutrality and Eco-Environmental Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yufang Hao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Energy and Environment Research Division, Paul Scherrer Institute/ETH, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
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13
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Lou C, Jiang F, Tian X, Zou Q, Zheng Y, Shen Y, Feng S, Chen J, Zhang L, Jia M, Xu J. Modeling the biogenic isoprene emission and its impact on ozone pollution in Zhejiang province, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161212. [PMID: 36586687 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene is the most abundantly emitted biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC), which plays an essential role in producing tropospheric ozone (O3). However, the simulations of isoprene emissions have not been sufficiently verified over Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and few studies have specifically addressed its impact on O3 formation. In this study, we simulated the isoprene emissions in Zhejiang Province (ZJ), a region with the largest BVOC emission in YRD, in August 2020 using the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) and the latest Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products, and investigated its contributions to O3 using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. The model has a good performance on isoprene simulations over urban and suburban areas, with mean biases of -0.16-0.12 ppb, but underestimated the concentrations at forest sites (mainly due to bamboo). Regionally, the simulated formaldehyde concentrations over forests agree well with the satellite observations. In August 2020, the total isoprene emission in ZJ was 125.1 GgC, with higher emissions in western ZJ and relatively lower emissions in eastern coastal regions. The spatial pattern of isoprene concentrations is similar to its emissions, and the maximum daytime average concentrations are above 3.5 ppb. The spatial pattern of its contribution to daily maximum 8 h average O3 concentrations is significantly different from the emissions and concentrations, which shows a higher impact in northern ZJ (>6 ppb) and relatively lower impact in southern ZJ (1-3 ppb). The mean contribution over ZJ is 8.9 %, with daily variation in the range of 3.1 % to 13.4 %. For different cities, the monthly mean contribution is in the range of 4.6 % to 14.3 %, and the maximum daily contribution reaches about 25 %. These findings help understand the summertime O3 pollution in ZJ and the YRD region of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Lou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China; Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xudong Tian
- Zhejiang Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310012, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Ecological and Environmental Monitoring, Forewarning and Quality Control, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Qiaoli Zou
- Zhejiang Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310012, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Ecological and Environmental Monitoring, Forewarning and Quality Control, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yanhua Zheng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuzhuang Feng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiansong Chen
- Zhejiang Hangzhou Ecological and Environment Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengwei Jia
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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14
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Klakankhai W, Sathantriphop S, Ngoenklan R, Dada N, Muenworn V, Khawniam T, Tainchum K. Chemical Profiles and Lethal Toxicities of Native Botanical Insecticides for the Control of Musca domestica Linnaeus and Stomoxys indicus Picard (Diptera: Muscidae) in Songkhla Province, Thailand. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:249-255. [PMID: 36545896 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Livestock farming is currently reducing the use of synthetic insecticides because of the development of resistance in insect pests. Plant-based bioinsecticides are considered alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Therefore, the present study investigated the chemical composition and discriminating concentrations (DCs) of essential oils from Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. and L. M. Perry (SA), Cinnamomum porrectum (Roxb.) Kosterm (CP), and Litsea cubeba (Loureiro) Persoon (LC) against laboratory-reared Musca domestica (larvae and adults) and field-derived Stomoxys indicus (adults) using larval dip and adult contact bioassays. All essential oils were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. The most common components in the SA, CP, and LC oils were eugenol, safrole, and terpenoids, respectively. The results of a larval test indicated that CP was most effective against M. domestica with a DC of 6.134% v/v. In adult bioassays, CP was also the most toxic oil against M. domestica (DC = 30.644% v/v), whereas SA displayed the greatest toxicity against S. indicus (DC = 1.434% v/v). Moreover, in the larval bioassay results of oils tested at 1, 5, and 10% v/v in M. domestica, 1% and 5% v/v CP had the shortest median lethal times values of 68.88 and 19.44 min, respectively, whereas, at 10% v/v, SA displayed the shortest median lethal time (0.03 min), followed by CP (1.74 min) and LC (19.02 min). However, additional data are needed to further evaluate the semi-field and field effects of CP and SA on M. domestica and S. indicus under realistic operational conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warin Klakankhai
- Agricultural Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Sunaiyana Sathantriphop
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Ratchadawan Ngoenklan
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Nsa Dada
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Vithee Muenworn
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Tassanee Khawniam
- Agricultural Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Krajana Tainchum
- Agricultural Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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15
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Agwunobi DO, Wang M, Wang Z, Bai R, Wang R, Hu Q, Yu Z, Liu J. The toxicity of the monoterpenes from lemongrass is mitigated by the detoxifying symbiosis of bacteria and fungi in the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114261. [PMID: 36332404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The entry mode of terpenes into the atmosphere is via volatilization of hydrocarbons from foliage over heavily forested areas besides entering the environment through surface water runoff. Some monoterpenes in essential oils are phytotoxins, acting as plant chemical defenses against bacteria or fungi infections and plant-eating insects. For organisms to survive, their enzymatic systems are activated in response to an assault by potentially harmful compounds. Certain bacterial and fungal genera have developed special abilities to transform toxic terpenes into less toxic derivatives. Here, we investigated the response of the bacterial and fungal community in Haemaphysalis longicornis exposed to Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) essential oil (EO) and citronellal. Sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS1 regions on an Illumina NovaSeq PE250 sequencing platform was performed for H. longicornis tick samples treated with 15 and 20 mg/mL of lemongrass essential oil and citronellal. The diversity recorded in samples treated with C. citratus EO was higher in comparison to those treated with citronellal but significantly lower in the control samples as reflected by the Shannon diversity index. All major H. longicornis bacterial phyla, including Proteobacteria (93.81 %), Firmicutes (2.58 %), and Bacteroidota (0.99 %) were detected. A switch of dominance from Coxiella to Pseudomonas, which has high biotransformation capacity, was observed in the bacterial community, whereas the phylum Ascomycota (Genera: Aspergillus, Archaeorhizomyces, Alternaria, and Candida) dominated in the fungal community indicating detoxifying symbiosis. Other significantly abundant bacterial genera include Ralstonia, Acinetobacter, Vibrio, and Pseudoalteromonas, while Ganoderma and Trichosporon (yeasts) spp. represented the fungi Basidiomycota. This study expanded the understanding of enzymatic modification of phytotoxic substances by microorganisms, which could provide deeper insights into the mitigation of harmful phytotoxins and the synthesis of eco-friendly derivatives for the control of ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond O Agwunobi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, PR China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, PR China
| | - Ruwei Bai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, PR China
| | - Ruotong Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, PR China
| | - Qiuyu Hu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, PR China
| | - Zhijun Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, PR China.
| | - Jingze Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, PR China.
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16
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Ding W, Xie W, Xu J, Liu C, Miao P, Gong J. Effects of methyl halide flux characteristics following Spartina alterniflora invasion in a seaward direction in a temperate salt marsh, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157607. [PMID: 35901883 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the source-sink characteristics of methyl halide (CH3X; X = Cl, Br, I) in coastal wetlands located in temperate regions, and identified key factors affecting the spatio-temporal variation of CH3X during the invasion of Spartina alterniflora. We used static chamber-gas chromatography to monitor CH3X fluxes in the S. alterniflora area and bare flat area of the Jiaozhou Bay salt marsh for a long time from August 2015 to May 2017. Our results indicated that CH3X emissions showed obvious seasonal and diurnal variations. The S. alterniflora area was a source of CH3X, with higher fluxes in the spring and autumn seasons. CH3X fluxes were higher during the daytime than at night, and the diurnal difference in CH3Br was the most significant (4.51 times). The bare flat area was mainly a sink for CH3X, and the maximum absorption flux occurred in summer. At this time, the microbial activity was greater, and the consumption rate during the day was higher than that at night. Extreme linear correlations existed between the fluxes of CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CH3I (P < 0.01), indicating that the production and consumption of the three gases were likely to have similar mechanisms and were affected by the same factors. S. alterniflora invasion increased CH3X emissions and shifted the original bare flat area from a sink to a source of CH3X. The biomass of S. alterniflora, especially the leaf, significantly affects CH3X fluxes. Additionally, S. alterniflora increased the content of total organic carbon, total sulfur, available sulfur, and iron (III) in the soil, which were the main factors promoting the source-sink transformation of CH3X. Based on the current invasive area of S. alterniflora in China, we estimated that the annual emissions of CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CH3I from S. alterniflora into the troposphere were 9.04 × 106, 2.42 × 105 and 2.06 × 105 mol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Carbon Neutrality and Eco-Environmental Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenxia Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Carbon Neutrality and Eco-Environmental Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jianing Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunjing Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping Miao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Gong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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17
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Han Z, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Ge X, Gu D, Liu X, Bai J, Ma Z, Tan Y, Zhu F, Xia S, Du J, Tan Y, Shu X, Tang J, Sun Y. Impacts of Drought and Rehydration Cycles on Isoprene Emissions in Populus nigra Seedlings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14528. [PMID: 36361409 PMCID: PMC9655116 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The volatile organic compounds emitted by plants significantly impact the atmospheric environment. The impacts of drought stress on the biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions of plants are still under debate. In this study, the effects of two drought-rehydration cycle groups with different durations on isoprene emissions from Populus nigra (black poplar) seedlings were studied. The P. nigra seedlings were placed in a chamber that controlled the soil water content, radiation, and temperature. The daily emissions of isoprene and physiological parameters were measured. The emission rates of isoprene (Fiso) reached the maximum on the third day (D3), increasing by 58.0% and 64.2% compared with the controlled groups, respectively, and then Fiso significantly decreased. Photosynthesis decreased by 34.2% and 21.6% in D3 in the first and second groups, respectively. After rehydration, Fiso and photosynthesis recovered fully in two groups. However, Fiso showed distinct inconsistencies in two groups, and the recovery rates of Fiso in the second drought group were slower than the recovery rates of Fiso in the first groups. The response of BVOC emissions during the drought-rehydration cycle was classified into three phases, including stimulated, inhibited, and restored after rehydration. The emission pattern of isoprene indicated that isoprene played an important role in the response of plants to drought stress. A drought-rehydration model was constructed, which indicated the regularity of BVOC emissions in the drought-rehydration cycle. BVOC emissions were extremely sensitive to drought, especially during droughts of short duration. Parameters in computational models related to BVOC emissions of plants under drought stress should be continuously improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Han
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yisheng Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511486, China
| | - Houyong Zhang
- Jinan Ecology and Environment Monitoring Center of Shandong Province, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xuan Ge
- Jinan Ecology and Environment Monitoring Center of Shandong Province, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Dasa Gu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiaohuan Liu
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jianhui Bai
- LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zizhen Ma
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yan Tan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China
| | - Shiyong Xia
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jinhua Du
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yuran Tan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Xiao Shu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Jingchao Tang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
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18
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Abbas F, O'Neill Rothenberg D, Zhou Y, Ke Y, Wang HC. Volatile organic compounds as mediators of plant communication and adaptation to climate change. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13840. [PMID: 36512339 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant volatile organic compounds are the most abundant and structurally diverse plant secondary metabolites. They play a key role in plant lifespan via direct and indirect plant defenses, attracting pollinators, and mediating various interactions between plants and their environment. The ecological diversity and context-dependence of plant-plant communication driven by volatiles are crucial elements that influence plant performance in different habitats. Plant volatiles are also valued for their multiple applications in food, flavor, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. In the current review, we summarize recent advances that have elucidated the functions of plant volatile organic compounds as mediators of plant interaction at community and individual levels, highlighting the complexities of plant receiver feedback to various signals and cues. This review emphasizes volatile terpenoids, the most abundant class of plant volatile organic compounds, highlighting their role in plant adaptability to global climate change and stress-response pathways that are integral to plant growth and survival. Finally, we identify research gaps and suggest future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Abbas
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dylan O'Neill Rothenberg
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanguo Ke
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering & Technological Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming, China
- College of Economics and Management, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Hui-Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Wang H, Ma X, Tan Z, Wang H, Chen X, Chen S, Gao Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Yang X, Yuan B, Zeng L, Huang C, Lu K, Zhang Y. Anthropogenic monoterpenes aggravating ozone pollution. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac103. [PMID: 36128459 PMCID: PMC9477203 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoterpenes have been known to have a critical influence on air quality and climate change through their impact on the formation of fine particles. Here we present field evidence that monoterpene oxidations largely enhanced local ozone production in a regional site in eastern China. The observed monoterpene was most likely from biomass burning rather than biogenic emissions, as indicated by the high correlation with CO at night-time, and the observed ratio of these two species was consistent with previously determined values from biomass burning experiments. Fast monoterpene oxidations were determined experimentally based on direct radical measurements, leading to a daily ozone enhancement of 4-18 parts per billion by volume (ppb), which was 6%-16% of the total ozone production, depending on the speciation of monoterpenes. It demonstrates that the previously overlooked anthropogenic monoterpenes make an important contribution to O3 production in eastern China. The role could possibly be important at similar locations across China and other parts of the world that are characterized by massive emissions, especially where there are high NO x levels. Our results highlight that anthropogenic monoterpenes should be taken into account when proceeding with the coordinated mitigation of O3 and particulate matter pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere–Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xuefei Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhaofeng Tan
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-8: Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200223, China
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaqin Gao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200223, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinping Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Limin Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200223, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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20
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Tian X, Yan L, Jiang L, Xiang G, Li G, Zhu L, Wu J. Comparative transcriptome analysis of leaf, stem, and root tissues of Semiliquidambar cathayensis reveals candidate genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5585-5593. [PMID: 35543829 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semiliquidambar cathayensis is a traditional medicinal plant and endemic species in China. Its roots, branches, leaves, bark, and nectar are known to have therapeutic effects against rheumatoid arthritis, lumbar muscle strain, and several other diseases. However, limited knowledge regarding the molecular properties of S. cathayensis highlights the need for further research in order to elucidate the underlying pathways governing the synthesis of its active ingredients and regulation of its accumulation processes. METHODS We conducted transcriptome sequencing of the leaf, stem and root epidermises, and stem and root xylems of S. cathayensis with three biological replicates. Moreover, candidate genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis, such as IDI, FPPS, DXR, SQS, GPPS, and HMGR were selected for quantitative real-time PCR analysis. RESULTS We identified 88,582 unigenes. Among which, 36,144 unigenes were annotated to the nr protein database, 21,981 to the Gene Ontology database, 11,565 to the Clusters of Orthologous Groups database, 24,209 to the Pfam database, 21,685 to the SWISS-PROT database, and 12,753 to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), with 5072 unigenes common to all six databases. Of those annotated using the KEGG database, 187 unigenes were related to the terpenoid metabolism pathway, and expression analysis of the related genes indicated that the mevalonate and methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathways play different roles in terpenoid biosynthesis in different tissues of S. cathayensis. CONCLUSIONS These findings greatly expand gene resources of S. cathayensis and provide basic data for the study of the biosynthetic pathways and molecular mechanisms of terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lihong Yan
- Hunan Botanical Garden, Changsha, 410116, China
| | | | | | - Gaofei Li
- Hunan Botanical Garden, Changsha, 410116, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Hunan Botanical Garden, Changsha, 410116, China
| | - Jia Wu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
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21
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Lupitu A, Moisa C, Gavrilaş S, Dochia M, Chambre D, Ciutină V, Copolovici DM, Copolovici L. The Influence of Elevated CO 2 on Volatile Emissions, Photosynthetic Characteristics, and Pigment Content in Brassicaceae Plants Species and Varieties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11070973. [PMID: 35406953 PMCID: PMC9002909 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will determine a sharp increase in carbon dioxide in the following years. To study the influence of elevated carbon dioxide on plants, we grew 13 different species and varieties from the Brassicaceae family at three carbon dioxide concentrations: 400, 800, and 1200 ppmv. The photosynthetic parameters (assimilation rate and stomatal conductance to water vapor) increase for all species. The emission of monoterpenes increases for plants grown at elevated carbon dioxide while the total polyphenols and flavonoids content decrease. The chlorophyll content is affected only for some species (such as Lipidium sativum), while the β-carotene concentrations in the leaves were not affected by carbon dioxide.
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22
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Zhong X, Zhao Y, Sha J, Liang H, Wu P. Spatiotemporal variations of air pollution and population exposure in Shandong Province, eastern China, 2014-2018. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:114. [PMID: 35064834 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the characteristics and interannual variation of air pollution since the implementation of China's clean air actions, hourly in situ measurements of six gaseous and particulate criteria pollutants at 100 sites in Shandong Province were studied during 2014-2018. General decreasing trends in the concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and CO were observed, while O3 increased continuously. In 2018, the annual average PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and CO concentration in Shandong was 50, 100, 35, 16 μg m-3, and 1.5 mg m-3, representing decreases of 39%, 30%, 24%, 73%, and 35% from 2014, respectively. These decreases occurred throughout the province. Seven "2 + 26" cities (in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounds) in western Shandong had higher average concentrations and greater reductions than other areas. In contrast, O3 concentration rose, with occurrences of the 90th percentile of all daily maximum 8-h averages increasing by 12% from 159 to 181 μg m-3, during 2014-2018. From May to September, O3 pollution dominated as the sole primary pollutant on non-attainment days, and PM2.5 contributed to more than 90% of polluted days in wintertime months. Population exposures were investigated based on high-resolution monitoring data and population distribution, and high exposure to pollution was displayed. The population-weighted exposure to PM2.5 in Shandong was 50 μg m-3, a decrease of 33%. Eighty-nine percentage of the provincial population was exposed to PM2.5 > 35 μg m-3, while for 99.2% of population in the seven "2 + 26" cities, PM2.5 exposure exceeded 50 μg m-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhong
- Wendeng Aquatic Technology Promotion Station of Weihai City, Weihai, 264400, China.
| | - Yanqing Zhao
- Mouping Economic Investigation Brigade of Yantai City, Yantai, 264100, China
| | - Jingjing Sha
- North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Haiyong Liang
- Wendeng Aquatic Technology Promotion Station of Weihai City, Weihai, 264400, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Wendeng Aquatic Technology Promotion Station of Weihai City, Weihai, 264400, China
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