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Cao Z, Kim C, Li Z, Jung J. Comparing environmental fate and ecotoxicity of conventional and biodegradable plastics: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175735. [PMID: 39187074 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a consequential problem worldwide, prompting the widespread use of biodegradable plastics (BPs). However, not all BPs are completely degradable under natural conditions, but instead produce biodegradable microplastics (BMPs), release chemical additives, and absorb micropollutants, thus causing toxicity to living organisms in similar manners to conventional plastics (CPs). The new problems caused by biodegradable plastics cannot be ignored and requires a thorough comparison of the differences between conventional and biodegradable plastics and microplastics. This review comprehensively compares their environmental fates, such as biodegradation and micropollutant sorption, and ecotoxicity in soil and water environments. The results showed that it is difficult to determine the natural conditions required for the complete biodegradation of BPs. Some chemical additives in BPs differ from those in CPs and may pose new threats to ecosystems. Because of functional group differences, most BMPs had higher micropollutant sorption capacities than conventional microplastics (CMPs). The ecotoxicity comparison showed that BMPs had similar or even greater adverse effects than CMPs. This review highlights several knowledge gaps in this new field and suggests directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Cao
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhae Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhihua Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Park K, Kim JH, Kim WS, Park JW, Kwak IS. Metabolic responses of the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis after exposure to microplastics of different shapes and sizes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124660. [PMID: 39097259 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) are ubiquitous pollutants with diverse shapes, sizes, and characteristics that pose critical risks to marine organisms and the environment. In this study, we used the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis as a marine benthic organism model to investigate the metabolic consequences of exposure to different polyethylene terephthalate MP sizes and shapes: round (27-32 μm), small fibers (200-400 μm), large fibers (3000 μm), small fragments (20 μm), medium fragments (45-75 μm), and large fragments (>150 μm). After exposure to high concentrations (100 mg L-1) of MP for 14 days, round and small fiber-type MP were highly accumulated in mussels. Metabolomic analysis revealed that exposure to round and small fiber-type MP induced significant changes in 150 metabolites. Partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) showed that the round and small fiber MP treatment groups displayed similar cluster patterns that differed from those of the control group. In addition, only 22 annotated metabolites related to histidine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation/biosynthesis and vitamin B6 and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis were significantly affected by round or small fiber-type MP. Among the histidine metabolites, round and small fiber-type MP upregulated the levels of L-histidine, L-glutamate, carnosine, imidazole-4-acetaldehyde, 4-imidazolone-5-propanoate, and methylimidazole acetaldehyde and downregulated methylimidazole acetic acid and N-formimino-L-glutamate. These results suggest novel insights into the potential pathways through which MP of specific sizes and shapes affect metabolic processes in mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyun Park
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, South Korea
| | - Won-Seok Kim
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, South Korea
| | - Ihn-Sil Kwak
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, South Korea; Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, South Korea.
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3
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Zhang L, He Y, Jiang L, Shi Y, Hao L, Huang L, Lyu M, Wang S. Plastic additives as a new threat to the global environment: Research status, remediation strategies and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 263:120007. [PMID: 39284493 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Discharge or leaching of plastic additives, which are an essential part of the plastic production process, can lead to environmental pollution with serious impacts on human and ecosystem health. Recently, the emission of plastic additives is increasing dramatically, but its pollution condition has not received enough attention. Meanwhile, the effective treatment strategy of plastic additive pollution is lack of systematic introduction. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze the harm and pollution status of plastic additives and explore effective pollution control strategies. This paper reviews the latest research progress on additives in plastics, describes the effects of their migration into packaged products and leaching into the environment, presents the hazards of four major classes of plastic additives (i.e., plasticizers, flame retardants, stabilizers, and antimicrobials), summarizes the existing abiotic/biotic strategies for accelerated the remediation of additives, and finally provides perspectives on future research on the removal of plastic additives. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review that systematically analyzes strategies for the treatment of plastic additives. The study of these strategies could (i) provide feasible, cost-effective abiotic method for the removal of plastic additives, (ii) further enrich the current knowledge on plastic additive bioremediation, and (iii) present application and future development of plants, invertebrates and machine learning in plastic additive remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine, Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; College of Marine Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
| | - Yuehui He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine, Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; College of Marine Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- College of Marine Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Yong Shi
- College of Marine Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Lijuan Hao
- College of Marine Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Lirong Huang
- College of Marine Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Mingsheng Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine, Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; College of Marine Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine, Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; College of Marine Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
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Sawant SS, Bharti VS, Shukla SP, Kumar K, Rathi Bhuvaneswari G. Evaluation of acute toxicity of an emerging contaminant Oxybenzone on an ecologically important aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104437. [PMID: 38609060 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Oxybenzone is an ultraviolet filter frequently used in Personal Care Products, plastics, furniture, etc. and is listed as an Emerging Contaminant. This report studied the acute toxicity of Oxybenzone to Lemna minor after exposure to graded concentrations of Oxybenzone for 7 days. IC50 for growth was found to be 8.53 mg L-1. The hormesis effect was reported at lower concentrations, while growth and pigments reduced from 2.5 to 12.5 mg L-1 in a concentration-related manner. The impact of Oxybenzone on protein and antioxidant enzymes- Catalase and Guaiacol Peroxidase revealed less stress up to 2.5 mg L-1 than control, increasing further from 5 to 10 mg L-1. Enzyme activity decreased over-time but always remained higher than control over a period of 7 days. Thus, our findings reveal that indiscriminate discharge of Oxybenzone could be potentially toxic to the aquatic primary producers at higher concentrations, causing an ecological imbalance in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamika Shantaram Sawant
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Vidya Shree Bharti
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India.
| | - Satya Prakash Shukla
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - G Rathi Bhuvaneswari
- Mariculture Division, Vizhinjam Research Center, ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695521, India
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Li Y, Xu G, Yu Y. Freeze-thaw aged polyethylene and polypropylene microplastics alter enzyme activity and microbial community composition in soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134249. [PMID: 38603909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In cold regions, microplastics (MPs) in the soil undergo freeze-thaw (FT) aging process. Little is known about how FT aged MPs influence soil physico-chemical properties and microbial communities. Here, two environmentally relevant concentrations (50 and 500 mg/kg) of 50 and 500 µm polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) MPs treated soils were subjected to 45-day FT cycles (FTCs). Results showed that MPs experienced surface morphology, hydrophobicity and crystallinity alterations after FTCs. After 45-day FTCs, the soil urease (SUE) activity in control (MPs-free group that underwent FTCs) was 33.49 U/g. SUE activity in 50 µm PE group was reduced by 19.66 %, while increased by 21.16 % and 37.73 % in 500 µm PE and PP groups compared to control. The highest Shannon index was found in 50 µm PP-MPs group at 50 mg/kg, 2.26 % higher than control (7.09). Compared to control (average weighted degree=8.024), all aged MPs increased the complexity of network (0.19-1.43 %). Bacterial biomarkers of aged PP-MPs were associated with pollutant degradation. Aged PP-MPs affected genetic information, cellular processes, and disrupted the biosynthesis of metabolites. This study provides new insights into the potential hazards of MPs after FTCs on soil ecosystem in cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guanghui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
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Kim C, Kalčíková G, Jung J. Role of benzophenone-3 additive in the effect of polyethylene microplastics on Daphnia magna population dynamics. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 270:106901. [PMID: 38493548 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The adverse effects of microplastics (MPs) on Daphnia magna have been extensively studied; however, their population-level effects are relatively unknown. This study investigated the effect of polyethylene MP fragments (33.90 ± 17.44 μm) and benzophenone-3 (BP-3), which is a widely used plastic additive (2.91 ± 0.02% w/w), on D. magna population dynamics in a 34-day microcosm experiment. In the growth phase, neither MP nor MP/BP-3 fragments changed the population size of D. magna compared with the control. However, MP/BP-3 fragments significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the population biomass compared to that of the control, whereas MP fragments did not induce a significant reduction. The MP/BP-3 group had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) neonate proportion than that in the control and MP groups. MP/BP-3 fragments upregulated usp and downregulated ecrb, ftz-f1, and hr3, altering gene expression in the ecdysone signaling pathway linked to D. magna growth and development. These findings suggested that BP-3 in MP/BP-3 fragments may disrupt neonatal growth, thereby decreasing population biomass. In the decline phase, MP fragments significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the population size and biomass of D. magna compared with the control and MP/BP-3 fragments. This study highlights the importance of plastic additives in the population-level ecotoxicity of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhae Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, the Republic of Korea
| | - Gabriela Kalčíková
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 113 Večna pot, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, the Republic of Korea.
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Green-Ojo B, Tan H, Botelho MT, Obanya H, Grinsted L, Parker MO, Ford AT. The effects of plastic additives on swimming activity and startle response in marine amphipod Echinogammarus marinus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170793. [PMID: 38336051 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Plastic additives are widely used in plastic production and are found in the environment owing to their widespread applications. Among these additives, N-butyl benzenesulfonamide (NBBS) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) are under international watchlist for evaluation, with limited studies on amphipods. Di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) are banned in some countries and categorised as substances of very high concern. This study aimed to investigate the effects of NBBS, TPHP, DEHP and DBP on the swimming activity of a coastal intertidal marine amphipod, Echinogammarus marinus. Furthermore, this study is the first to quantify startle response in E. marinus in response to light stimuli. Amphipods were exposed to 0, 0.5, 5, 50 and 500 μg/l concentrations of all test compounds. Swimming activity and startle responses were assessed by video tracking and analysis using an 8-min alternating dark and light protocol after exposure on days 7 and 14. We observed an overall compound and light effect on the swimming activity of E. marinus. A significant decrease in swimming distance was found in 500 μg/l NBBS and TPHP. We observed that the startle response in E. marinus had a latency period of >2 s and animals were assessed at 1 s and the sum of the first 5 s. There was a clear startle response in E. marinus during dark to light transition, evident with increased swimming distance. NBBS exposure significantly increased startle response at environmental concentrations, while significant effects were only seen in 500 μg/l TPHP at 5 s. We found no significant effects of DEHP and DBP on swimming behaviour at the concentrations assessed. The findings of this study affirm the necessity for a continuous review of plastic additives to combat adverse behavioural effects that may be transferable to the population levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidemi Green-Ojo
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, UK.
| | - Hung Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marina Tenório Botelho
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, UK; Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henry Obanya
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Lena Grinsted
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, King Henry 1 Street, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Mathew O Parker
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Science, White Swan Road, St. Michael's Building, Portsmouth, UK; Surrey Sleep Research Centre, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Alex T Ford
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, UK.
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Fang Z, Sallach JB, Hodson ME. Size- and concentration-dependent effects of microplastics on soil aggregate formation and properties. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133395. [PMID: 38218032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Plastics fragment and threaten soil ecosystems. Degradation of soil structure is one of the risks. Despite this, data on impacts of different sized microplastics (MPs) on soil aggregates is lacking. This study systematically investigated the effects of pristine polyethylene powders of different sizes (< 35, < 125, < 500 µm) and concentrations (0, 0.1, 1.0, 10 wt%) on aggregate formation and their properties for two contrasting soils (woodland soil, WS; agricultural soil, AS). 75 day wet-dry cycles produced newly-formed aggregates in all treatments. MP size and concentration impacted the incorporation of MPs in aggregates and this varied with aggregate size; the size distribution of aggregates also varied with MP size and concentration. Aggregates produced in soil containing 10 wt% < 35 µm MPs had significantly lower MWDs (mean weight diameters) than controls. The wettability of aggregates (> 4 mm) reduced with increasing MP exposure concentration and decreasing MP exposure size. MP incorporation decreased the water stability of aggregates (1-2 mm) in WS but increased it in AS. The particle density of aggregates (> 4 mm) significantly decreased with increasing MP concentration, whereas MP size had no effect. As MPs breakdown, fragment and become smaller over time, their potential risk to the aggregated structure of soil increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Fang
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York YO10 5NG, United Kingdom.
| | - J B Sallach
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York YO10 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - M E Hodson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York YO10 5NG, United Kingdom
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Vistnes H, Sossalla NA, Asimakopoulos AG, Meyn T. Occurrence of traffic related trace elements and organic micropollutants in tunnel wash water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133498. [PMID: 38232556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Substantially polluted tunnel wash water (TWW) is produced during road tunnel maintenance. Previous literature has reported the presence of trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, it was hypothesized that other organic pollutants are present, and more knowledge is needed to prevent environmental harm. This study reveals for the first time the presence of four short- and 17 long-chained per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), three benzothiazoles (BTHs), six benzotriazoles (BTRs), four bisphenols, and four benzophenones in TWW from a Norwegian road tunnel over a period of three years. Concentrations of PAHs, PFASs, BTHs, and BTRs were higher than previously reported in e.g., road runoff and municipal wastewater. Trace elements and PAHs were largely particulate matter associated, while PFASs, BTHs, BTRs, bisphenols, and benzophenones were predominantly dissolved. 26 of the determined contaminants were classified as persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) and are of special concern. It was recommended that regulations for TWW quality should be expanded to include PMT contaminants (such as PFPeA, PFBS, BTR, and 4-OH-BzP) and markers of pollution (like 2-M-BTH, 2-OH-BTH, and 2-S-BTH from tire wear particles). These findings highlight the need to treat TWW before discharge into the environment, addressing both, particulate matter associated and dissolved contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Vistnes
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), S. P. Andersens veg 5, 7031 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nadine A Sossalla
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), S. P. Andersens veg 5, 7031 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alexandros G Asimakopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thomas Meyn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), S. P. Andersens veg 5, 7031 Trondheim, Norway.
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Liu H, Zhang X, Karanfil T, Liu C. Insight into the chemical transformation and organic release of polyurethane microplastics during chlorination. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122976. [PMID: 37984473 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous occurrence of microplastics in water and wastewater is a growing concern. In this study, the chemical transformation and organic release of virgin and UV-aged thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) polymers during chlorination were investigated. As compared to virgin TPU polymer, the UV-aged TPU polymer exhibited high chlorine reactivity with noticeable destruction on its surface functional groups after chlorination, which could be ascribed to the UV-induced activation of hard segment of TPU backbone and increased contact area. The concentrations of leached organics increased by 1.6-fold with obviously high abundances of low-molecular-weight components. Additives, monomers, compounds relating to TPU chain extension, and their chlorination byproducts contributed to the increased organic release. Meanwhile, the formation of chloroform, haloacetic acids, trichloroacetaldehyde, and dichloroacetonitrile increased by 3.8-, 1.7-, 4.9-, and 2.4-fold, respectively. Two additives and six chlorination byproducts in leachate from chlorinated UV-aged TPU were predicted as highly toxic, e.g., butyl octyl phthalate, palmitic acid, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone, and chlorinated aniline. Evaluated by human hepatocarcinoma cells, the 50% lethal concentration factor of organics released from chlorinated UV-aged TPU was approximately 10% of that from its virgin counterpart, indicating a substantially increased level of cytotoxicity. This study highlights that the release of additives and chlorination byproducts from the chemical transformation of UV-aged microplastics during chlorination may be of potentially toxic concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Tanju Karanfil
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson, SC, 29625, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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11
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An G, Na J, Song J, Jung J. Chronic toxicity of biodegradable microplastic (Polylactic acid) to Daphnia magna: A comparison with polyethylene terephthalate. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 266:106790. [PMID: 38070395 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
The increase in the usage of biodegradable microplastics (MPs) as an alternative to conventional plastics has necessitated comprehensive ecotoxicity assessments of biodegradable MPs alongside conventional MPs. This study aimed to assess ecotoxicity of biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) MPs at concentration of 1 and 5 mgL-1 including a genetic analysis of Daphnia magna, and compared to effects of conventional polyethylene terephthalate (PET) MPs. The survival rate for D. magna exposed to 5 mg L-1 of PLA-MPs declined to 52.4 %, signifying a higher rate of mortality when contrasted with PET-MPs, which exhibited 85.7 % survival rate. Chronic exposure to 1 and 5 mgL-1 PLA-MPs resulted in a decrease of offspring, while increasing the sex ratio and deformed embryo. Interestingly, down-regulation of the SOD and AK genes was observed in D. magna after exposure to 5 mgL-1 of PLA-MPs, while 1 mgL-1 of PLA-MPs up-regulated. These results means that 5 mgL-1 PLA-MP could not produce energy and cope with oxidative stress, resulting in high mortality, and 1 mgL-1 of MP was maintained survival due to energy production and antioxidant action. This study contributes to our understanding of biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) toxic effects on D. magna which could be similar to conventional MPs and provide the importance of ecotoxicological data for risk assessment of BMPs in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gersan An
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joorim Na
- OJeong Resilience Institute (OJERI), Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinyoung Song
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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12
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Doust SN, Haghshenas SA, Bishop EE, Risk MJ, Downs CA. Fine-scale geographic risk assessment of oxybenzone sunscreen pollution within Hanauma Bay using hydrodynamic characterization and modeling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167614. [PMID: 37804976 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Hanauma Bay's coral reef system is threatened by sunscreen pollution. Understanding the hydrodynamic nature of the bay is crucial for understanding the transport and fate of pollutants within the bay. This study conducted a comprehensive hydrodynamic analysis, revealing significant aspects of current patterns and their influence on sunscreen pollutant behavior. The analysis demonstrated the formation of flows that drive currents parallel to the shoreline, resulting in increased pollutant retention time over sensitive reef areas. Direct flushing currents were identified as playing a role in reducing pollution buildup. Particle dynamics analysis highlighted the importance of considering temporal dynamics and their implications for pollutant pathways, particularly through the swash zone during high tide phases. The study identified primary current patterns near the reef area and emphasized the circular behavior within the water body, affecting corals' susceptibility to bleaching in the southwestern part of Hanauma bay. To understand where oxybenzone concentrations were a threat to wildlife, we created a geographic model that integrated ecological risk assessment with hydrodynamic behavior in a given system, which we designate the Risk Quotient Plume - the geographic area where the concentration is above the threat level for a chemical. The study found high oxybenzone concentrations throughout the bay, threatening coral, fish, and algae populations. Oxybenzone's distribution indicated a serious threat to the entire back reef habitat and a hinderance to coral restoration efforts. The study also emphasizes the need to consider the hydrodynamic behavior of pollutants and their interaction with microplastics in the bay. Overall, the findings provide insights into hydrodynamics and pollutant dispersion in Hanauma Bay, supporting effective pollution management and conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadan Nasseri Doust
- Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, North Kargar Ave., Tehran 1439951113, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - S Abbas Haghshenas
- Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, North Kargar Ave., Tehran 1439951113, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Elizabeth E Bishop
- Friends of Hanauma Bay, P.O. Box 25761, Honolulu, HI 96825-07610, United States of America
| | - Michael J Risk
- School of Geography and Geology, McMaster University, N0G 1R0, Canada
| | - C A Downs
- Haereticus Environmental Laboratory, P.O. Box 92, Clifford, VA 24533, United States of America.
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13
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Rajewicz W, Romano D, Schmickl T, Thenius R. Daphnia's phototaxis as an indicator in ecotoxicological studies: A review. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 265:106762. [PMID: 38000135 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Animal-based sensors have been increasingly applied to many water monitoring systems and ecological studies. One of the staple organisms used as living sensors for such systems is Daphnia. This organism has been extensively studied and, with time, used in many toxicological and pharmaceutical bioassays, often used for exploring the ecology of freshwater communities. One of its behaviours used for evaluating the state of the aquatic environment is phototaxis. A disruption in the predicted behaviour is interpreted as a sign of stress and forms the basis for further investigation. However, phototaxis is a result of complex processes counteracting and interacting with each other. Predator presence, food quality, body pigmentation and other factors can greatly affect the predicted phototactic response, hampering its reliability as a bioindicator. Therefore, a holistic approach and meticulous documentation of the methods are needed for the correct interpretation of this behavioural indicator. In this review, we present the current methods used for studying phototaxis, the factors affecting it and proposed ways to optimise the reliability of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donato Romano
- BioRobotics Institute, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy; Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Piazza Martiri della Libertá 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Thomas Schmickl
- University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Ronald Thenius
- University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, Graz, 8010, Austria
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14
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Brehm J, Ritschar S, Laforsch C, Mair MM. The complexity of micro- and nanoplastic research in the genus Daphnia - A systematic review of study variability and a meta-analysis of immobilization rates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131839. [PMID: 37348369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the number of publications on nano- and microplastic particles (NMPs) effects on freshwater organisms has increased rapidly. Freshwater crustaceans of the genus Daphnia are widely used in ecotoxicological research as model organisms for assessing the impact of NMPs. However, the diversity of experimental designs in these studies makes conclusions about the general impact of NMPs on Daphnia challenging. To approach this, we systematically reviewed the literature on NMP effects on Daphnia and summarized the diversity of test organisms, experimental conditions, NMP properties and measured endpoints to identify gaps in our knowledge of NMP effects on Daphnia. We use a meta-analysis on mortality and immobilization rates extracted from the compiled literature to illustrate how NMP properties, study parameters and the biology of Daphnia can impact outcomes in toxicity bioassays. In addition, we investigate the extent to which the available data can be used to predict the toxicity of untested NMPs based on the extracted parameters. Based on our results, we argue that focusing on a more diverse set of NMP properties combined with a more detailed characterization of the particles in future studies will help to fill current research gaps, improve predictive models and allow the identification of NMP properties linked to toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Brehm
- Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sven Ritschar
- Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christian Laforsch
- Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Magdalena M Mair
- Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Bayreuth, Germany; Statistical Ecotoxicology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
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15
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Lau SH, Su CL, Yu TY, Zhong Y, Xu X, Jane WN, Chang YT. The use of immobilised bacteria cross-linked within magnetic alginate beads enhances the treatment of benzophenone-type UV filter chemicals by the SBR system. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 334:139038. [PMID: 37244550 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone-n compounds (BPs) are applied in a broad spectrum of commercial products, one of which is sunscreen. These chemicals are frequently detected in a variety of environmental matrices worldwide, especially water bodies. BPs are defined as emerging contaminants as well as endocrine-disrupting contaminants; thus, it has become necessary to develop aggressive and green treatments to remove BPs. In this study, we used immobilised BP-biodegrading bacteria linked to reusable magnetic alginate beads (MABs). The MABs were added to a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system to enhance the removal of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1) and oxybenzone (BP-3) from sewage. The BP-1 and BP-3 biodegrading bacteria in the MABs consisted of strains from up to three genera to allow for efficient biodegradation. The strains used were Pseudomonas spp., Gordonia sp., and Rhodococcus sp. The optimal composition of the MABs consisted of 3% (w/v) alginate and 10% (w/v) magnetite. The MABs resulted in 60.8%-81.7% recovery by weight after 28 days, and there was a continuous release of bacteria. Moreover, the biological treatment of the BPs sewage improved after adding 100 g of BP1-MABs (1:27) and also 100 g BP3-MABs (1:27) into the SBR system at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8 h. Compared with the SBR system without MABs, the removal rates of BP-1 and BP-3 increased from 64.2% to 71.5% and from 78.1% to 84.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the COD removal increased from 36.1% to 42.1%, and total nitrogen increased from 30.5% to 33.2%. Total phosphorus remained constant at 29%. The bacterial community analysis showed that the Pseudomonas population was <2% before the MAB addition, but increased to 56.1% by day 14. In contrast, the Gordonia sp. And Rhodococcus sp. Populations (<2%) remained unchanged throughout the 14-day treatment period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Hung Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, 11102, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Lun Su
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, 11102, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, 11102, Taiwan
| | - YuYing Zhong
- School of Ocean, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 362200, China
| | - XinYuan Xu
- School of Ocean, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 362200, China
| | - Wann-Neng Jane
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tang Chang
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, 11102, Taiwan.
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16
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Herrera A, Acosta-Dacal A, Pérez-Luzardo O, Martínez I, Rapp J, Reinold S, Montesdeoca-Esponda S, Montero D, Gómez M. Trophic transfer of DDE, BP-3 and chlorpyrifos from microplastics to tissues in Dicentrarchus labrax. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163295. [PMID: 37086996 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution and associated chemical contaminants is a topic of growing interest. In recent years, the number of publications reporting the presence of microplastics (MPs) in marine organisms has increased exponentially. However, there is a gap in knowledge about the trophic transfer of contaminants from microplastics to animal tissues, as well as possible health effects. In this study we analyzed the trophic transfer and biomagnification of three chemical pollutants present in microplastics: dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE-p,p'), benzophenone 3 (BP-3) and chlorpyrifos (CPS). The reference values used were concentrations found in environmental microplastics in the Canary Islands (minimum and maximum). European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were fed for 60 days with 5 different treatments: A) feed; B) feed with chemical pollutants at maximum concentration; C) feed + 10 % virgin MPs; D) feed + 10 % MPs with chemical pollutants at minimum concentration; E) feed + 10 % MPs with chemical pollutants at maximum concentration. We detected trophic transfer of DDE-p,p', CPS and BP-3 from the feed (treatment B) to the muscle and liver of fish. In the case of DDE-p,p', transfer to liver and muscle was also observed in the treatments consisting of feed plus plastics with different levels of contamination (C, D and E). No effect of the experimental treatments on fish condition indices was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Herrera
- Marine Ecophysiology Group (EOMAR), Iu-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Andrea Acosta-Dacal
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Octavio Pérez-Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ico Martínez
- Marine Ecophysiology Group (EOMAR), Iu-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Jorge Rapp
- Marine Ecophysiology Group (EOMAR), Iu-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Stefanie Reinold
- Marine Ecophysiology Group (EOMAR), Iu-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Sarah Montesdeoca-Esponda
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Daniel Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Iu-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - May Gómez
- Marine Ecophysiology Group (EOMAR), Iu-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
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17
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Yang H, Li X, Guo M, Cao X, Zheng X, Bao D. UV-induced microplastics (MPs) aging leads to comprehensive toxicity. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 189:114745. [PMID: 36848786 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the toxicity of 4 MPs and additives released from MPs during UV-aging was quantitatively evaluated by the transcriptional effect level index (TELI) based on E. coli whole-cell microarray assay, and MPs-antibiotics complex pollutants. Results showed that MPs and these additives had high toxicity potential, the maximum TELI was 5.68/6.85 for polystyrene (PS)/bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). There were many similar toxic pathways between MPs and additives, indicating that part of the toxicity risk of MPs was caused by the release of additives. MPs were compounded with antibiotics, the toxicity value changed significantly. The TELI values of amoxicillin (AMX) + polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) + PVC were as high as 12.30 and 14.58 (P < 0.05). Three antibiotics all decreased the toxicity of PS and had little effect on polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE). The combined toxicity mechanism of MPs and antibiotics was very complicated, and the results could be divided into four types: MPs (PVC/PE + CIP), antibiotics (PVC + TC, PS + AMX/ tetracycline (TC)/CIP, PE + TC), both (PP + AMX/TC/CIP), or brand-new mechanisms (PVC + AMX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China.
| | - MengHan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China; Xi'an Water Conservancy Planning Survey and Design Institute, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Xin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China; National Supervision & Inspection Center of Environmental Protection Equipment Quality, Jiangsu, Yixing 214205, China.
| | - Dongguan Bao
- Shanghai Hanyuan Engineering & Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201507, China
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18
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Kim C, Song J, Jung J. Maternal Effect of Polyethylene Microplastic Fragments Containing Benzophenone-3 in Different Ages and Broods of Daphnia Magna. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 110:66. [PMID: 36929426 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The maternal effect of microplastics (MPs) toxicity is likely influenced by age and brood of test species. This study investigated the maternal effect of polyethylene MP fragments (18.23 ± 8.02 μm) with benzophenone-3 (BP-3; 2.89 ± 0.20% w/w) on chronic toxicity to Daphnia magna over two generations. Neonate (< 24 h old) and adult (5 d old) daphnids in the F0 generation were exposed until 21 d old, then first and third brood neonates in the F1 generation were recovered in clean M4 medium for 21 d. Higher chronic toxicity and maternal effect of MP/BP-3 fragments were observed in the adult group compared with the neonate group, reducing growth and reproduction in both F0 and F1 generations. First brood neonates in the F1 generation showed a higher maternal effect of MP/BP-3 fragments than third brood ones, resulting in enhanced growth and reproduction relative to the control. This study provided insights into the ecological risk of MPs containing plastic additives in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhae Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Song
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Zhang S, Wu H, Hou J. Progress on the Effects of Microplastics on Aquatic Crustaceans: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065523. [PMID: 36982596 PMCID: PMC10052122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
It is impossible to overlook the effects of microplastics on aquatic life as they continuously accumulate in aquatic environments. Aquatic crustaceans, as both predator and prey, play an important role in the food web and energy transmission. It is of great practical significance to pay attention to the toxic effects of microplastics on aquatic crustaceans. This review finds that most studies have shown that microplastics negatively affect the life history, behaviors and physiological functions of aquatic crustaceans under experimental conditions. The effects of microplastics of different sizes, shapes or types on aquatic crustaceans are different. Generally, smaller microplastics have more negative effects on aquatic crustaceans. Irregular microplastics have more negative effects on aquatic crustaceans than regular microplastics. When microplastics co-exist with other contaminants, they have a greater negative impact on aquatic crustaceans than single contaminants. This review contributes to rapidly understanding the effects of microplastics on aquatic crustaceans, providing a basic framework for the ecological threat of microplastics to aquatic crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Hou
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6177-2864
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20
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Boyd A, Choi J, Ren G, How ZT, El-Din MG, Tierney KB, Blewett TA. Can short-term data accurately model long-term environmental exposures? Investigating the multigenerational adaptation potential of Daphnia magna to environmental concentrations of organic ultraviolet filters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130598. [PMID: 37056014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Organic ultraviolet filters (UVFs) are contaminants of concern, ubiquitously found in many aquatic environments due to their use in personal care products to protect against ultraviolet radiation. Research regarding the toxicity of UVFs such as avobenzone, octocrylene and oxybenzone indicate that these chemicals may pose a threat to invertebrate species; however, minimal long-term studies have been conducted to determine how these UVFs may affect continuously exposed populations. The present study modeled the effects of a 5-generation exposure of Daphnia magna to these UVFs at environmental concentrations. Avobenzone and octocrylene resulted in minor, transient decreases in reproduction and wet mass. Oxybenzone exposure resulted in > 40% mortality, 46% decreased reproduction, and 4-fold greater reproductive failure over the F0 and F1 generations; however, normal function was largely regained by the F2 generation. These results indicate that Daphnia are able to acclimate over long-term exposures to concentrations of 6.59 μg/L avobenzone, ∼0.6 μg/L octocrylene or 16.5 μg/L oxybenzone. This suggests that short-term studies indicating high toxicity may not accurately represent long-term outcomes in wild populations, adding additional complexity to risk assessment practices at a time when many regions are considering or implementing UVF bans in order to protect these most sensitive invertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Boyd
- University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences, Edmonton T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Jessica Choi
- University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences, Edmonton T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Grace Ren
- University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences, Edmonton T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Zuo Tong How
- University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Keith B Tierney
- University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences, Edmonton T6G 2E9, Canada; University of Alberta, School of Public Health, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Tamzin A Blewett
- University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences, Edmonton T6G 2E9, Canada
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21
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Kim H, Kim D, An YJ. Microplastics enhance the toxicity and phototoxicity of UV filter avobenzone on Daphnia magna. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130627. [PMID: 37056007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and ultraviolet (UV) filters cause pollution in aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, regulations on the use and discharge of UV filters in personal care products are lacking. Therefore, the combined toxicity of MPs (virgin polystyrene (PS) spheres; size: 200 nm) and avobenzone (AVO; a UV filter) on Daphnia magna were assessed. The exposure groups were AVO, AVO + UV irradiation for 6 h [AVO (UV)], AVO with MPs (Mix), and AVO with MPs + UV irradiation for 6 h [Mix (UV)]. The daphnids were exposed to these treatments for 48 h and observed for an additional 6 h. Energy reserves of all treated groups increased compared to that of the control group. Growth in the Mix group was inhibited despite a high food uptake, and food uptake and growth inhibition were validated in the Mix (UV) group. Additionally, the food uptake of the AVO (UV) and Mix (UV) groups decreased during the recovery period, possibly owing to a decrease in the normal feeding ability resulting from an increase in abnormality. These results indicate that the combined toxicity of MPs+AVO can be exacerbated under natural conditions; the complex toxicity should be considered when assessing aquatic environment pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haemi Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Dokyung Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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22
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Cortés-Arriagada D, Miranda-Rojas S, Camarada MB, Ortega DE, Alarcón-Palacio VB. The interaction mechanism of polystyrene microplastics with pharmaceuticals and personal care products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160632. [PMID: 36460102 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have been detected in the hydrosphere, with hazardous implications in transporting coexisting water pollutants. Our knowledge about the interaction mechanisms that MPs establish with organic pollutants are still growing, which is essential to understand the adsorption properties of MPs and their relative stability with adsorbates. Here, we used classical (force field methods) and ab-initio (density functional theory) computational chemistry tools to characterize the interaction mechanisms between Polystyrene-MPs (PS-MPs) and pharmaceuticals/personal care products (PPCPs). Adsorption conformations and energies, thermochemistry, binding, and energy decomposition analyses were performed to obtain the quantitative mechanistic information. Our results show that PS-MPs have permanent dipoles, increasing the interaction with neutral PPCPs while repelling the charged pollutants; in all cases, a stable physisorption takes place. Moreover, PS-MPs increase their solubility upon pollutant adsorption due to an increase in the dipole moment, increasing their co-transport ability in aqueous environments. The stability of the PS-MPs/PPCPs complexes is further confirmed by thermochemical and molecular dynamics trajectory analysis as a function of temperature and pressure. The interaction mechanism of high pKa pollutants (pKa > 5) is due to a balanced contribution of electrostatic and dispersion forces, while the adsorption of low pKa pollutants (pKa < 5) maximizes the electrostatic forces, and steric repulsion effects explain their relative lower adsorption stability. In this regard, several pairwise intermolecular interactions are recognized as a source of stabilization in the PS-MPs/PPCPs binding: hydrogen bonding, π-π, OH⋯π, and CH⋯π, CCl⋯CH and CH⋯CH interactions. The ionic strength in solution slightly affects the adsorption stability of neutral PPCPs, while the sorption of charged pollutants is enhanced. This mechanistic information provides quantitative data for a better understanding of the interactions between organic pollutants and MPs, serving as valuable information for sorption/kinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cortés-Arriagada
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PIDi), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sebastián Miranda-Rojas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida República 275, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Belén Camarada
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; Centro Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados, CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela E Ortega
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, General Gana 1702, Santiago, 8370854, Chile
| | - Victoria B Alarcón-Palacio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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23
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Parolini M, De Felice B, Gois A, Faria M, Cordeiro N, Nogueira N. Polystyrene microplastics exposure modulated the content and the profile of fatty acids in the Cladoceran Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160497. [PMID: 36436639 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of studies has shown that the exposure to microplastics (MPs) of different polymeric compositions can induce diverse adverse effects towards several aquatic species. The vast majority of such studies has been focused on the effects induced by the administration of MPs made by polystyrene (PS; hereafter PS-MPs). However, despite the increase in the knowledge on the potential toxicity of PS-MPs, there is a dearth of information concerning their role in affecting energy resources and/or their allocation. The present study aimed at exploring the impact of 21-days exposure to three concentrations (0.125, 1.25 and 12.5 μg mL-1) of PS-MPs of different sizes (1 and 10 μm) on fatty acids (FAs) profile of the freshwater Cladoceran Daphnia magna. The exposure to the highest tested concentration of PS-MPs induced an overall decrease in D. magna total FAs content, independently of the particle size. Moreover, a change in the accumulation of essential FAs by the diet was noted, with an enhanced synthesis of monounsaturated FAs-rich storage lipids. However, a sort of adaptation to counteract the adverse effects and to re-establish the FAs homeostasis was observed in individuals treated with high PS-MPs concentration, independently of their size. These results indicate that the exposure to PS-MPs could alter the allocation or induce changes in FAs composition in D. magna, with potential long-term consequences on life-history traits of this zooplanktonic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Parolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Beatrice De Felice
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - André Gois
- LB3, Faculty of Exact Science and Engineering, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Marisa Faria
- LB3, Faculty of Exact Science and Engineering, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nereida Cordeiro
- LB3, Faculty of Exact Science and Engineering, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal
| | - Natacha Nogueira
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal; Mariculture Center of Calheta (CMC), Regional Directorate for the Sea, Av. D. Manuel I 7, 9370-135 Calheta, Madeira, Portugal
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24
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Luo H, Liu C, He D, Sun J, Li J, Pan X. Effects of aging on environmental behavior of plastic additives: Migration, leaching, and ecotoxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157951. [PMID: 35961392 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), an emerging pollutant, are of global concern due to their wide distribution and large quantities. In addition to MPs themselves, various additives within MPs (such as plasticizers, flame retardants, antioxidants and heavy metals) may also have harmful effects on the environment. Most of these additives are physically bound to plastics and can therefore be leached from the plastic and released into the environment. Aging of MPs in the actual environment can affect the migration and release of additives, further increasing the ecotoxicological risk of additives to organisms. This work reviews the functions of several commonly used additives in MPs, and summarizes the representative characterization methods. Furthermore, the migration and leaching of additives in the human environment and marine environment are outlined. As aging promotes the internal chain breaking of MPs and the increase of specific surface area, it in turn stimulates the release of additives. The hazards of additive exposure have been elucidated, and various studies from the laboratory have shown that more toxic additives such as phthalates and brominated flame retardants can disrupt a variety of biological processes in organisms, including metabolism, skeletal development and so on. Increase of MPs ecological risk caused by the leaching of toxic additives is discussed, especially under the effect of aging. This study presents a systematic summary of various functional and environmental behaviors of additives in plastics, using weathering forces as the main factor, which helps to better assess the environmental impact and potential risks of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Chenyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Dongqin He
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jianqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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25
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Mondellini S, Schott M, Löder MGJ, Agarwal S, Greiner A, Laforsch C. Beyond microplastics: Water soluble synthetic polymers exert sublethal adverse effects in the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157608. [PMID: 35901884 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is considered one of the causes of global change. However, water soluble synthetic polymers (WSSPs) have been neglected so far, although they are used in several industrial, dietary, domestic and biomedical products. Moreover, they are applied in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as flocculants and coagulant agents. Hence, their presence in the aquatic environment as well as their uptake by aquatic organisms is probable, whereas no data are available regarding their potential adverse effects. Here we show in the freshwater key species D. magna exposed to five different WSSPs life history changes along with an altered level of reactive oxygen species, although acute mortality was not observed. Since daphnids act as keystone species in lake ecosystems by controlling phytoplankton biomass, even sublethal effects such as WSSPs induced changes in life history may result in cascading effects, from lower to higher trophic levels, which in turn could affect the whole food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Mondellini
- Animal Ecology I, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; BayCEER, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Matthias Schott
- Animal Ecology I, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; BayCEER, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Martin G J Löder
- Animal Ecology I, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; BayCEER, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Macromolecolar Chemistry II, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Andreas Greiner
- Macromolecolar Chemistry II, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Christian Laforsch
- Animal Ecology I, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; BayCEER, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
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26
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de Paula VDCS, Gomes MF, Martins LRR, Yamamoto FY, de Freitas AM. Acute toxicity characterization of organic UV-filters and chronic exposure revealing multigenerational effects in DAPHNIA MAGNA. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:1413-1425. [PMID: 36264527 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02598-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic ultraviolet (UV) filters have often been detected in aquatic ecosystems in concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L. However, both their acute and chronic effects on aquatic organisms have been insufficiently explored. This study aimed to evaluate acute toxicity of some of the main UV filters used worldwide (2-ethylhexyl,4-methoxycinnamate/EHMC, avobenzone/AVO, benzophenone-3/BP-3, and octocrylene/OC), in three aquatic organisms (Artemia salina, Desmodesmus subspicatus, and Daphnia magna), and to further investigate multigenerational effects in D. magna. After acute toxicity was confirmed, daphnids were chronically exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of UV filters for two consecutive generations (F0 and F1), and reproductive endpoints, as well as catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities, were assessed. EHMC showed the most toxic potential, with the lowest EC50 values for the three organisms. On the other hand, reproductive delays and a decrease in the reproduction rate were observed in the F1 generation exposed to AVO (4.4 µg/L), BP-3 (0.17 µg/L), EHMC (0.2 µg/L), and MIX. An increase of the CAT activity in organisms exposed to BP-3 and EHMC suggested induction of the antioxidant system. Although no reproductive effect was observed in the first generation, toxic effects obtained in the F1 revealed the importance of multigenerational studies and the potential harm of UV filters to the life cycle of D. magna, even at environmentally relevant concentrations. This emphasizes the need for further studies considering these levels of exposure and more realistic experimental designs to better understand their potential risks. Environmentally relevant concentrations of Organic UV filters are not lethal to aquatic organisms, however may affect reproductive parameters in Daphnia magna though multigenerational exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius de C S de Paula
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Monike F Gomes
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucia Regina R Martins
- Multiuser Laboratory of Environmental Analysis, Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flávia Y Yamamoto
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Adriane Martins de Freitas
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
- Multiuser Laboratory of Environmental Analysis, Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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27
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Downs CA, Diaz-Cruz MS, White WT, Rice M, Jim L, Punihaole C, Dant M, Gautam K, Woodley CM, Walsh KO, Perry J, Downs EM, Bishop L, Garg A, King K, Paltin T, McKinley EB, Beers AI, Anbumani S, Bagshaw J. Beach showers as sources of contamination for sunscreen pollution in marine protected areas and areas of intensive beach tourism in Hawaii, USA. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129546. [PMID: 35941056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In 2019, sands in nearby runoff streams from public beach showers were sampled on three islands in the State of Hawaii and tested for over 18 different petrochemical UV filters. Beach sands that are directly in the plume discharge of beach showers on three of the islands of Hawaii (Maui, Oahu, Hawai'i) were found to be contaminated with a wide array of petrochemical-based UV-filters that are found in sunscreens. Sands from beach showers across all three islands had a mean concentration of 5619 ng/g of oxybenzone with the highest concentration of 34,518 ng/g of oxybenzone at a beach shower in the Waikiki area of Honolulu. Octocrylene was detected at a majority of the beach shower locations, with a mean concentration of 296.3 ng/g across 13 sampling sites with the highest concentration of 1075 ng/g at the beach shower in Waikiki. Avobenzone, octinoxate, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor and benzophenone-2 were detected, as well as breakdown products of oxybenzone, including benzophenone-1, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, and 4-hydroxybenzophenone. Dioxybenzone (DHMB) presented the highest concentration in water (75.4 ng/mL), whereas octocrylene was detected in all water samples. Some of these same target analytes were detected in water samples on coral reefs that are adjacent to the beach showers. Risk assessments for both sand and water samples at a majority of the sampling sites had a Risk Quotient > 1, indicating that these chemicals could pose a serious threat to beach zones and coral reef habitats. There are almost a dozen mitigation options that could be employed to quickly reduce contaminant loads associated with discharges from these beach showers, like those currently being employed (post-study sampling and analysis) in the State of Hawaii, including banning the use of sunscreens using petrochemical-based UV filters or educating tourists before they arrive on the beach.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Downs
- Haereticus Environmental Laboratory, P.O. Box 92, Clifford, VA 24533, USA.
| | - M Silvia Diaz-Cruz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Severo Ochoa Excellence Center, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | | | - Marc Rice
- Hawai'i Preparatory Academy, 65-1692 Kohala Mountain Road, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA
| | - Laura Jim
- Hawai'i Preparatory Academy, 65-1692 Kohala Mountain Road, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA
| | - Cindi Punihaole
- Kahalu`u Bay Education Center, The Kohala Center, P.O. Box 437462, Kamuela, HI 967, USA
| | - Mendy Dant
- Fair Wind Cruises, Kailua Kona, HI 96740, USA
| | - Krishna Gautam
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
| | - Cheryl M Woodley
- US National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Coral Disease & Health Program, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Ft. Johnson Rd., Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Kahelelani O Walsh
- Hawai'i Preparatory Academy, 65-1692 Kohala Mountain Road, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA
| | - Jenna Perry
- Hawai'i Preparatory Academy, 65-1692 Kohala Mountain Road, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA
| | - Evelyn M Downs
- Haereticus Environmental Laboratory, P.O. Box 92, Clifford, VA 24533, USA
| | - Lisa Bishop
- Friends of Hanauma Bay, P.O. Box 25761, Honolulu, HI 96825-07610, USA
| | - Achal Garg
- Chemists Without Borders, Sacramento, CA 95835, USA
| | - Kelly King
- Maui County Council, 200 S. High St., Wailuku, HI 96793, USA
| | - Tamara Paltin
- Maui County Council, 200 S. High St., Wailuku, HI 96793, USA
| | | | - Axel I Beers
- Maui County Council, 200 S. High St., Wailuku, HI 96793, USA
| | - Sadasivam Anbumani
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jeff Bagshaw
- Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife, 685 Haleakala Hwy, Kahului, HI 96732, USA
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28
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Song J, Kim C, Na J, Sivri N, Samanta P, Jung J. Transgenerational effects of polyethylene microplastic fragments containing benzophenone-3 additive in Daphnia magna. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129225. [PMID: 35739745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to microplastics (MPs) plays an important role in the fitness of unexposed progeny. In this study, the transgenerational effects of polyethylene MP fragments (17.35 ± 5.50 µm) containing benzophenone-3 (BP-3; 2.85 ± 0.16% w/w) on chronic toxicity (21 d) in Daphnia magna were investigated across four generations. Only D. magna in the F0 generation was exposed to MP fragments, MP/BP-3 fragments, and BP-3 leachate to identify the transgenerational effect in the F3 generation. The mortality of D. magna induced by MP and MP/BP-3 fragments was recovered in the F3 generation, but somatic growth and reproduction significantly decreased compared to the control. Additionally, reproduction of D. magna exposed to BP-3 leachate significantly decreased in the F3 generation. These findings confirmed the transgenerational effects of MP fragment and BP-3 additive on D. magna. Particularly, the adverse effect on D. magna reproduction seemed to be cumulative across four generations for MP/BP-3 fragments, while it was an acclimation trend for BP-3 leachate. However, there was no significant difference in global DNA methylation in D. magna across four generations, thus requiring a gene-specific DNA methylation study to identify different epigenetic transgenerational inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Song
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhae Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joorim Na
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Nüket Sivri
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Palas Samanta
- Department of Environmental Science, Sukanta Mahavidyalaya, University of North Bengal, West Bengal, India
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Li Y, Huang R, Hu L, Zhang C, Xu X, Song L, Wang Z, Pan X, Christakos G, Wu J. Microplastics distribution in different habitats of Ximen Island and the trapping effect of blue carbon habitats on microplastics. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 181:113912. [PMID: 35870383 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sediments are considered to be important sinks of microplastics, but the enrichment process of microplastics by blue carbon ecosystems is poorly studied. This study analyzed the spatial distribution and temporal changes, assessed the polymer types and morphological characteristics of microplastics in sediments of five ecosystems, i.e. forests, paddy fields, mangroves, saltmarshes and bare beaches on Ximen Island, Yueqing Bay, China. The trapping effect of blue carbon (mangrove and saltmarsh) sediments on microplastic was further explored. Temporal trends in microplastic abundance showed a significant increase over the last 20 years, with the enrichment of microplastics in mangrove and saltmarsh sediments being 1.7 times as high as that in bare beach, exhibiting blue carbon vegetations have strong enrichment effect on microplastics. The dominant color, shape, size, and polymer type of microplastics in sediments were transparent, fibers and fragments, <1 mm, and polyethylene, respectively. Significant differences in the abundance and characteristics of microplastics between intertidal sediments and terrestrial soils reveal that runoff input is the main source of microplastics. This study provided the evidence of blue carbon habitats as traps of microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Li
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Runqiu Huang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Lingling Hu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Xiangrong Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Li Song
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Zhiyin Wang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | | | - Jiaping Wu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China.
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30
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Liu J, Yang H, Meng Q, Feng Q, Yan Z, Liu J, Liu Z, Zhou Z. Intergenerational and biological effects of roxithromycin and polystyrene microplastics to Daphnia magna. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 248:106192. [PMID: 35617774 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The influence of microplastics (MPs) on transgenerational effects of pharmaceuticals are drawing growing attention, however, whether aged process will alter the carrier effects of MPs were unknown. In this study, the intergenerational toxicity of single and combined exposure of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) and roxithromycin (ROX) were investigated at the environmentally related concentrations, using Daphina magna as test organism. In the presence of UV-aged PS-MPs, the survival of D. magna for maternal generation (F0) at ROX concentration of 0.1 and 10 µg/L were increased by 20% and 40%, respectively. Meanwhile, the inhibition effects of ROX on the number of offspring and intrinsic rate of natural increase were obviously moderated. All these reproductive toxicity of ROX and PS-MPs in the first offspring (F1) were further aggravated both for the single and combined exposure. And the adverse effects disappeared much easier for the single exposure compared to the co-exposure through subsequent recovery. The combined exposure resulted in the change of inhibition of ROX on the swimming velocity and acceleration of D. magna into induction, while the feeding behavior kept inhibited. The AChE activity was distinctly increased by 1.61-3.25 times for the single and combined treatments, and the induction level of UV-aged MPs was higher than that of original MPs. Oxidative stress of the single exposure of ROX and original PS-MPs was observed with obvious induction of T-AOC and SOD activity, while the significant increase of MDA content was observed for the co-exposure. Among all indicators, the biochemical biomarkers and time of first brood were attributed to a class among all indicators, indicating that the time of first brood might be the most sensitive reproductive toxicity index. These results illustrated that both maternal impacts and offspring quality need to be considered for assessment of interaction of emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Liu
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Haohan Yang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China.
| | - Qingjun Meng
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Qiyan Feng
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Zhenhua Yan
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jianchao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Ningbo Water Supply Co Ltd, Ningbo 315041, China
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31
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Gao Z, Yu H, Li M, Li X, Lei J, He D, Wu G, Fu Y, Chen Q, Shi H. A battery of baseline toxicity bioassays directed evaluation of plastic leachates-Towards the establishment of bioanalytical monitoring tools for plastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154387. [PMID: 35276177 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There are increasing concerns regarding the ecological risks of plastics to the natural environment, especially the potential effects of plastic leachates on organisms, which contain various toxic components. However, appropriate methods to assess the overall environmental risks of plastics are limited. In this study, five different plastic products (three conventional and two biodegradable plastics) were immersed in simulated freshwater, and their toxicity was assessed using a battery of bioassays. We evaluated the effects of plastic leachates effects on organisms from four trophic levels of species (nematodes, Caenorhabditis elegans; algae, Scenedesmus obliquus; daphnids, Daphnia magna; and fish, Danio rerio) by measuring their acute and chronic toxicity. Our results indicated that all plastic leachates exhibited poor acute and chronic toxicity to the organisms. The acute toxicity of conventional plastic leachates with EC20 values <1.6 g plastic/L was higher than that of the biodegradable polydioxanone (PPDO) leachate (EC20: 16.2-796.1 g plastic/L); however, the toxicity of PPDO-octane (EC20: 0.04-1.9 g plastic/L) was similar to that of polyethylene or polystyrene (excluding toxicity in D. magna). Similarly, the leachates of the three conventional plastics and PPDO-octane had obvious inhibitory effects on the growth of C. elegans at exposure concentrations higher than 0.01 g plastic/L; however, the toxicity of the PPDO leachates was at least an order of magnitude lower. Therefore, the environmental related concentration of the plastic leachates did not have significant toxic effects. Considering that a single bioassay does not provide comprehensive information on biological implications, this study provided a new integrated and efficient method for the environmental risk assessment (ERA) of plastic leachates. Moreover, the toxicity sensitivity of different organisms varied following exposure to different plastics, thus demonstrating that multiple organisms from different trophic levels should be included in the ERA for plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hairui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jin Lei
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Defu He
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Gang Wu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ye Fu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Qiqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Abstract
Microplastic debris is a persistent, ubiquitous global pollutant in oceans, estuaries, and freshwater systems. Some of the highest reported concentrations of microplastics, globally, are in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), which is home to the majority of plastic manufacturers in the United States. A comprehensive understanding of the risk microplastics pose to wildlife is critical to the development of scientifically sound mitigation and policy initiatives. In this review, we synthesize existing knowledge of microplastic debris in the Gulf of Mexico and its effects on birds and make recommendations for further research. The current state of knowledge suggests that microplastics are widespread in the marine environment, come from known sources, and have the potential to be a major ecotoxicological concern for wild birds, especially in areas of high concentration such as the GoM. However, data for GoM birds are currently lacking regarding typical microplastic ingestion rates uptake of chemicals associated with plastics by avian tissues; and physiological, behavioral, and fitness consequences of microplastic ingestion. Filling these knowledge gaps is essential to understand the hazard microplastics pose to wild birds, and to the creation of effective policy actions and widespread mitigation measures to curb this emerging threat to wildlife.
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Tisler S, Christensen JH. Non-target screening for the identification of migrating compounds from reusable plastic bottles into drinking water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128331. [PMID: 35091188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Reusable plastic sports bottles are used extensively worldwide, and little is known about the migration of chemicals from the bottles into drinking water. In this study, we investigated the chemical migration into drinking water stored for 24 h in new bottles, used bottles and bottles washed in the dishwasher. Non-target screening (NTS) by liquid-chromatography - high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was performed to identify these compounds. We detected > 3500 dishwasher related compounds, with 430 showing migration even after subsequent flushing of the bottles. In addition, more than 400 plastic related compounds were detected, with high peaks for oligomers suspected to originate from the biodegradable polyester polycaprolactone, and aromatic amines, which may have been introduced as slip agents or antioxidants. These compounds have never been reported before in bottled water. Most of the identified compounds migrating out of the used bottles were plasticizers, antioxidants or photoinitiators. The presence of photoinitiators are of particular concern, due to possible endocrine disrupting effects. Furthermore, diethyltoluamide (DEET) was detected, which may have been formed from the plasticizer laurolactam. Typically, the dishwashing process enhanced the leaching of plastic related compounds, and even after additional water flushing, the average peak intensity of these compounds was only reduced by half.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Tisler
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Jan H Christensen
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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34
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Abstract
Microplastics are found in various environments with the increasing use of plastics worldwide. Several methods have been developed for the sampling, extraction, purification, identification, and quantification of microplastics in complex environmental matrices. This study intends to summarize recent research trends on the subject. Large microplastic particles can be sorted manually and identified through chemical analysis; however, sample preparation for small microplastic analysis is usually more difficult. Microplastics are identified by evaluating the physical and chemical properties of plastic particles separated through extraction and washing steps from a mixture of inorganic and organic particles. This identification has a high risk of producing false-positive and false-negative results in the analysis of small microplastics. Currently, a combination of physical (e.g., microscopy), chemical (e.g., spectroscopy), and thermal analyses is widely used. We aim to summarize the best strategies for microplastic analysis by comparing the strengths and limitations of each identification method.
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