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Jiang X, Zhu Y, Dong S, Lin R, Zhu P, Mao J, Cao Y, Yin X, Dong F, He K, Wang N. Combination of biotransformation and metabolomics reveals tolfenpyrad-induced hepatocytotoxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175320. [PMID: 39111429 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
Tolfenpyrad (TFP) is an extensively used pesticide that inevitably leads to human exposure to both TFP and its transformation product residues. However, the biotransformation of TFP in humans has not been elucidated, and the toxicity of TFP along with its biotransformation products remains largely unknown. In this study, the biotransformation process of TFP was investigated using human liver microsomes and human hepatic cells. Endogenous metabolic changes in the cells were studied to investigate the hepatocytotoxicity of TFP at environmentally relevant concentrations. Fourteen phase I biotransformation products and four phase II TFP products were characterized, among which twelve products were identified for the first time. The oxidative product tolfenpyrad-benzoic acid (PT-CA) was particularly abundant and stable. Further hepatotoxicity assessments and metabolic studies demonstrated comparable metabolic profiles for TFP and PT-CA in HepG2 cells, with both significantly disrupting purine and glutathione metabolism. These processes are closely associated with oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and cell death. Our results provide novel perspectives on the biotransformation, metabolism, and hepatotoxicity of TFP, thereby highlighting the non-negligible toxicity of its crucial biotransformation product PT-CA in environmental risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Suhe Dong
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Runfeng Lin
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Peihong Zhu
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jie Mao
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yanqing Cao
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiaoyao Yin
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Fangting Dong
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Kun He
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Na Wang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100039, China.
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Guo Y, Zhang T, Wang X, Zhang J, Miao W, Li QX, Fan Y. Toxic effects of the insecticide tolfenpyrad on zebrafish embryos: Cardiac toxicity and mitochondrial damage. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:2583-2595. [PMID: 38205909 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Tolfenpyrad, a highly effective and broad-spectrum insecticide and acaricide extensively utilized in agriculture, presents a potential hazard to nontarget organisms. This study was designed to explore the toxic mechanisms of tolfenpyrad on zebrafish embryos. Between 24 and 96 h after exposure of the fertilized embryos to tolfenpyrad at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 0.016 mg/L (96 h-LC50 = 0.017 mg/L), lethal effects were apparent, accompanied with notable anomalies including pericardial edema, increased pericardial area, diminished heart rate, and an elongated distance between the venous sinus and the arterial bulb. Tolfenpyrad elicited noteworthy alterations in the expression of genes pertinent to cardiac development and apoptosis, with the most pronounced changes observed in the cardiac development-related genes of bone morphogenetic protein 2b (bmp2b) and p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (puma). The findings underscore that tolfenpyrad induces severe cardiac toxicity and mitochondrial damage in zebrafish embryos. This data is imperative for a comprehensive assessment of tolfenpyrad risks to aquatic ecosystems, particularly considering the limited knowledge regarding its detrimental impact on aquatic vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry Disasters, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Taiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry Disasters, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry Disasters, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry Disasters, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Weiguo Miao
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry Disasters, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Yongmei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry Disasters, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Chen S, Ye Y, Liao F, Wu S, Zhang K. Insight into the uptake, translocation, metabolism, dissipation and risk assessment of tolfenpyrad in romaine and edible amaranth grown in hydroponic conditions. Food Chem 2024; 437:137896. [PMID: 37922805 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Tolfenpyrad is an alternative to highly water-soluble and ecotoxic insecticides that is widely used in China. It is absorbed and accumulates in vegetables, leading to potential public-health hazards. A systematic study of the fate of tolfenpyrad is necessary for proper application and food safety. Herein, we report on the uptake, translocation, metabolism, dissipation, and dietary risks of tolfenpyrad in hydroponic romaine and amaranth plants. Roots easily absorbed and accumulated tolfenpyrad, although transport was moderate in both vegetables. Basipetal translocation of tolfenpyrad occurred in romaine but not in edible amaranth, owing to differences in specific transport behaviour in each case. Six metabolites and three pathways were proposed. Tolfenpyrad affected antioxidant enzyme activities in different parts of the two vegetables. Tolfenpyrad dissipation proceeded swiftly, entailing an acceptable risk to humans. Our results provide information on the distribution and transport of tolfenpyrad, as well as on the safety in using it on vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Fanxia Liao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shaotao Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Kankan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Lu Y, Han H, Huang X, Yi Y, Wang Z, Chai Y, Zhang X, Lu C, Wang C, Chen H. Uptake and translocation of organic pollutants in Camellia sinensis (L.): a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:118133-118148. [PMID: 37936031 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Camellia sinensis (L.) is a perennial evergreen woody plant with the potential for environmental pollution due to its unique growth environment and extended growth cycle. Pollution sources and pathways for tea plants encompass various factors, including atmospheric deposition, agricultural inputs of chemical fertilizers and pesticide, uptake from soil, and sewage irrigation. During the cultivation phase, Camellia sinensis (L.) can absorb organic pollutants through its roots and leaves. This review provides an overview of the uptake and translocation mechanisms involving the absorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, anthraquinone (AQ), perchlorate, and other organic pollutants by tea plant roots. Additionally, we summarize how fresh tea leaves can be impacted by spraying pesticide and atmospheric sedimentation. In conclusion, this review highlights current research progress in understanding the pollution risks associated with Camellia sinensis (L.) and its products, emphasizing the need for further investigation and providing insights into potential future directions for research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haolei Han
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xuchen Huang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuexing Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Yunfeng Chai
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety & Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Xiangchun Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety & Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Chengyin Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety & Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety & Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety & Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
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Fernandes IDAA, Maciel GM, Bortolini DG, Pedro AC, Rubio FTV, de Carvalho KQ, Haminiuk CWI. The bitter side of teas: Pesticide residues and their impact on human health. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113955. [PMID: 37482194 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most widely consumed non-alcoholic beverages globally, known for its rich composition of bioactive compounds that offer various health benefits to humans. However, the cultivation of tea plants often faces challenges due to their high vulnerability to pests and diseases, resulting in the heavy use of pesticides. Consequently, pesticide residues can be transferred to tea leaves, compromising their quality and safety and potentially posing risks to human health, including hormonal and reproductive disorders and cancer development. In light of these concerns, this review aims to: (I) present the maximum limits of pesticide residues established by different international regulatory agencies; (II) explore the characteristics of pesticides commonly employed in tea cultivation, encompassing aspects such as digestion, bioaccessibility, and the behavior of pesticide transfer; and (III) discuss the effectiveness of detection and removal methods for pesticides, the impacts of pesticides on both tea plants and human health and investigate emerging alternatives to replace these substances. By addressing these critical aspects, this review provides valuable insights into the management of pesticide residues in tea production, with the goal of ensuring the production of safe, high-quality tea while minimizing adverse effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela de Andrade Arruda Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos (PPGEAL), Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP (81531-980), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Giselle Maria Maciel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental (PPGCTA), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), CEP (81280-340), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), CEP (81280-340), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Débora Gonçalves Bortolini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos (PPGEAL), Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP (81531-980), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental (PPGCTA), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), CEP (81280-340), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Cristina Pedro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos (PPGEAL), Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP (81531-980), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Thaís Vieira Rubio
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Politécnica, CEP (05508-080), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Querne de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental (PPGCTA), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), CEP (81280-340), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Charles Windson Isidoro Haminiuk
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental (PPGCTA), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), CEP (81280-340), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), CEP (81280-340), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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6
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Cui X, Wang Y, Shi YL, Lu R, Gao H, Zhou W, Huang X. Phenylboronic acid-functionalized magnetic metal-organic framework nanoparticles for magnetic solid phase extraction of five benzoylurea insecticides. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1704:464115. [PMID: 37285619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This research involves the construction of a phenylboronic acid-functionalized magnetic UiO-66 metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoparticle (CPBA@UiO-66@Fe3O4). Its design is primarily for the magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) of benzoylurea insecticides. An organic ligand, 2-amino terephthalic acid (2-ATPA), facilitated the introduction of amino groups while keeping the original crystal structure of UiO-66 intact. The constructed UiO-66 MOF showcases a porous structure and extensive surface area, thereby providing an optimal platform for further functionalization. The employment of 4-carboxylphenylboronic acid as a modifier notably amplified the extraction efficiency for benzoylureas. This improvement was due to the formation of B-N coordination and other secondary interactions. By integrating this with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we established a quantitative analytical method for benzoylurea insecticides. This method achieved a wide linear range (2.5-500 μg L-1 or 5-500 μg L-1), satisfactory recoveries (83.3-95.1%), and acceptable limits of detection (LODs: 0.3-1.0 μg L-1). The developed method proved successful when applied to six tea infusion samples, representing China's six major tea categories. Semi-fermented and light-fermented tea samples demonstrated relatively higher spiking recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Cui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yao-Lin Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Runhua Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Haixiang Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Wenfeng Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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Cui K, Guan S, Liang J, Fang L, Ding R, Wang J, Li T, Dong Z, Wu X, Zheng Y. Dissipation, Metabolism, Accumulation, Processing and Risk Assessment of Fluopyram and Trifloxystrobin in Cucumbers and Cowpeas from Cultivation to Consumption. Foods 2023; 12:foods12102082. [PMID: 37238900 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluopyram and trifloxystrobin are widely used for controlling various plant diseases in cucumbers and cowpeas. However, data on residue behaviors in plant cultivation and food processing are currently lacking. Our results showed that cowpeas had higher fluopyram and trifloxystrobin residues (16.48-247.65 μg/kg) than cucumbers (877.37-3576.15 μg/kg). Moreover, fluopyram and trifloxystrobin dissipated faster in cucumbers (half-life range, 2.60-10.66 d) than in cowpeas (10.83-22.36 d). Fluopyram and trifloxystrobin were the main compounds found in field samples, and their metabolites, fluopyram benzamide and trifloxystrobin acid, fluctuated at low residue levels (≤76.17 μg/kg). Repeated spraying resulted in the accumulation of fluopyram, trifloxystrobin, fluopyram benzamide and trifloxystrobin acid in cucumbers and cowpeas. Peeling, washing, stir-frying, boiling and pickling were able to partially or substantially remove fluopyram and trifloxystrobin residues from raw cucumbers and cowpeas (processing factor range, 0.12-0.97); on the contrary, trifloxystrobin acid residues appeared to be concentrated in pickled cucumbers and cowpeas (processing factor range, 1.35-5.41). Chronic and acute risk assessments suggest that the levels of fluopyram and trifloxystrobin in cucumbers and cowpeas were within a safe range based on the field residue data of the present study. The potential hazards of fluopyram and trifloxystrobin should be continuously assessed for their high residue concentrations and potential accumulation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cui
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shuai Guan
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jingyun Liang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Liping Fang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ruiyan Ding
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Teng Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhan Dong
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Computer-Aided Prediction, Synthesis, and Characterization of Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Extraction and Determination of Tolfenpyrad in Lettuce. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051045. [PMID: 36900559 PMCID: PMC10001402 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tolfenpyrad, a pyrazolamide insecticide, can be effectively used against pests resistant to carbamate and organophosphate insecticides. In this study, a molecular imprinted polymer using tolfenpyrad as a template molecule was synthesized. The type of functional monomer and the ratio of functional monomer to template were predicted by density function theory. Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) were synthesized using 2-vinylpyridine as a functional monomer in the presence of ethylene magnetite nanoparticles at a monomer/tolfenpyrad ratio of 7:1. The successful synthesis of MMIPs is confirmed by the results of the characterization analysis by scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer, thermogravimetric analyzer, and vibrational sample magnetometers. A pseudo-second-order kinetic model fit the adsorption of tolfenpyrad, and the kinetic data are in good agreement with the Freundlich isothermal model. The adsorption capacity of the polymer to the target analyte was 7.20 mg/g, indicating an excellent selective extraction capability. In addition, the adsorption capacity of the MMIPs is not significantly lost after several reuses. The MMIPs showed great analytical performance in tolfenpyrad-spiked lettuce samples, with acceptable accuracy (intra- and inter-day recoveries of 90.5-98.8%) and precision (intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations of 1.4-5.2%).
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9
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Liu Y, Zhao Y, Li S, Liu D. Multi-residue analysis, dissipation behavior, and final residues of four insecticides in supervised eggplant field. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1086-1099. [PMID: 35537031 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2040746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the residues of four insecticides, spirotetramat, flonicamid, thiamethoxam, and tolfenpyrad, and their metabolites, including spirotetramat-enol, spirotetramat-mono-hydroxy, spirotetramat-keto-hydroxy, spirotetramat-enol-glucoside, 4-trifluoromethylnicotinamide, 4-trifluoromethylnicotinic acid, N-(4-trifluoromethylnicotinoyl) glycine, and clothianidin, were assessed using a single analysis method. The samples were extracted by acetonitrile, then purified by dispersive solid phase extraction and quantified using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The average recovery rate of 12 target compounds was 73.5-103.7%, the relative standard deviation was 1.1-18.3%, and the limit of quantification was 0.01-0.05 mg/kg. The results showed good linearity (R2 >0.99), meeting the requirements of the pesticide residue analysis. The dissipation half-lives of the four insecticides in eggplant were 3.4-14.5 days. After the last applications at 7 and 10 days, the final residues of the four insecticides in eggplant were <0.01-0.21, 0.085-0.26, <0.05-0.078, and <0.01-0.21 mg/kg, respectively. The dissipation and final residue results could provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of four insecticides in eggplant fields.HighlightsHPLC-MS/MS for simultaneous determination of four insecticides and their metabolites in eggplant fields.The dissipation dynamics and final residue of the target compounds in field eggplant were studied.Guidance for the safe use of four insecticides on eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanling Zhao
- Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuhui Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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