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Normandin C, Frappart F, Bourrel L, Blarel F, Biancamaria S, Wigneron JP, Galenon L, Bernard E, Coulon L, Lubac B, Marieu V, Vantrepotte V, Pham-Duc B, Do HT, Prigent C, Aires F, Yamazaki D, Ciais P. Sharp decline in surface water resources for agriculture and fisheries in the Lower Mekong Basin over 2000-2020. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175259. [PMID: 39127208 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Water resources play a crucial role in the global water cycle and are affected by human activities and climate change. However, the impacts of hydropower infrastructures on the surface water extent and volume cycle are not well known. We used a multi-satellite approach to quantify the surface water storage variations over the 2000-2020 period and relate these variations to climate-induced and anthropogenic factors over the whole basin. Our results highlight that dam operations have strongly modified the water regime of the Mekong River, exhibiting a 55 % decrease in the seasonal cycle amplitude of inundation extent (from 3178 km2 to 1414 km2) and a 70 % decrease in surface water volume (from 1109 km3 to 327 km3) over 2000-2020. In the floodplains of the Lower Mekong Basin, where rice is cultivated, there has been a decline in water residence time by 30 to 50 days. The recent commissioning of big dams (2010 and 2014) has allowed us to choose 2015 as a turning point year. Results show a trend inversion in rice production, from a rise of 40 % between 2000 and 2014 to a decline of 10 % between 2015 and 2020, and a strong reduction in aquaculture growth, from +730 % between 2000 and 2014, to +53 % between 2015 and 2020. All these results show the negative impact of dams on the Mekong basin, causing a 70 % decline in surface water volumes, with major repercussions for agriculture and fisheries over the period 2000-2020. Therefore, new future projects such as the Funan Techo canal in Cambodia, scheduled to start construction at the end of 2024, will particularly affect 1300 km2 of floodplains in the lower Mekong basin, with a reduction in the amount of water received, and other areas will be subjected to flooding. The human, material and economic damage could be catastrophic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Normandin
- ISPA, UMR 1391 INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| | - Frédéric Frappart
- ISPA, UMR 1391 INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Luc Bourrel
- GET, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, CNES, OMP, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabien Blarel
- LEGOS, Université de Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, IRD, UPS, OMP, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Léonie Galenon
- LEGOS, Université de Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, IRD, UPS, OMP, Toulouse, France
| | - Emilie Bernard
- LEGOS, Université de Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, IRD, UPS, OMP, Toulouse, France
| | - Ludovic Coulon
- LEGOS, Université de Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, IRD, UPS, OMP, Toulouse, France
| | - Bertrand Lubac
- EPOC, UMR 5805, Avenue des Facultés, Université de Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Vincent Marieu
- EPOC, UMR 5805, Avenue des Facultés, Université de Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Vincent Vantrepotte
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Binh Pham-Duc
- Department of Space and Applications, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Huy Toan Do
- World Wide Fund for Nature in Viet Nam, No 6 Lane 18 Nguyen Co Thach, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Center For Environmental Fluid Dynamics, VNU University of Science, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Catherine Prigent
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, PSL, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75 014 Paris, France
| | - Filipe Aires
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, PSL, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75 014 Paris, France
| | - Dai Yamazaki
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Philippe Ciais
- LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Jeong H, Abbas A, Kim HG, Van Hoan H, Van Tuan P, Long PT, Lee E, Cho KH. Spatial prediction of groundwater salinity in multiple aquifers of the Mekong Delta region using explainable machine learning models. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 266:122404. [PMID: 39276478 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater salinization is a prevalent issue in coastal regions, yet accurately predicting and understanding its causal factors remains challenging due to the complexity of the groundwater system. Therefore, this study predicted groundwater salinity in multi-layered aquifers spanning the entire Mekong Delta (MD) region using machine learning (ML) models based on an in situ dataset and using three indicators (Cl-, pH, and HCO3-). We applied nine different decision tree-based models and evaluated their prediction performances. The models were trained using 13 input variables: weather (2), hydrogeological conditions (4), water levels (3), groundwater usage (2), and relative distance from water sources (2). Subsequently, by employing model interpretation techniques, we quantified the significance of factors within the model prediction. Performance evaluations of the ML models demonstrated that the Extra Trees model exhibited superior performance and demonstrated generalization capabilities in predicting Cl- concentration, whereas the Bagging and Random Forest models outperformed the other models in predicting pH and HCO3- concentration. The coefficients of determination were determined to be 0.94, 0.67, and 0.78 for Cl-, pH, and HCO3-, respectively Additionally, the model interpretation effectively identified significant factors that depended on the target variables and aquifers. In particular, salinity indicators and aquifers that were strongly influenced by the artificial usage of groundwater were identified. Therefore, our research, which provides accurate spatial predictions and interpretations of groundwater salinity in the MD, has the potential to establish a foundation for formulating effective groundwater management policies to control groundwater salinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heewon Jeong
- Future and Fusion Lab of Architectural, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Ather Abbas
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hyo Gyeom Kim
- Future and Fusion Lab of Architectural, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Hoang Van Hoan
- National Center for Water Resources Planning and Investigation, Sai Dong Ward, Long Bien District, 1000 Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Van Tuan
- Division for Water Resources Planning and Investigation for the South of Vietnam, An Khanh Ward, Thu Duc City, Hochiminh 71300, Vietnam
| | - Phan Thang Long
- Division for Water Resources Planning and Investigation for the South of Vietnam, An Khanh Ward, Thu Duc City, Hochiminh 71300, Vietnam
| | - Eunhee Lee
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34132, South Korea.
| | - Kyung Hwa Cho
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
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Thao HV, Cong NV, Nhung LTC, Kha TH, Khanh HC, Dang LV, Duy NP, Tinh HQ, Vi TNL, Chi NP, Nam TS. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions in the rice-shrimp rotation system of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35759. [PMID: 39247308 PMCID: PMC11379990 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice-shrimp rotation systems are one of the widespread farming practices in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta coastal areas. However, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the system have remained unclear. This study aimed to examine methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from the system, including (i) land-based versus high-density polyethylene-lined (HDPE) nursery ponds and (ii) conventional versus improved grow-out ponds inoculated with effective microorganisms (EM) bioproducts. The results showed that CH4 flux in land-based and HDPE-lined nursery ponds were 1.04 and 0.25 mgCH4 m-2 h-1, respectively, while the N2O flux was 8.37 and 6.62 μgN2O m-2 h-1, respectively. Global warming potential (GWP) from land-based nursery ponds (18.3 g CO2eq m-2) was approximately 3 folds higher than that of the HDPE-lined nursery pond (6.1 g CO2eq m-2). Similarly, the mean CH4 and N2O fluxes were 15.84 mg CH4 m-2 h-1 and 7.17 μg N2O m-2 h-1 for the conventional ponds, and 10.51 mg CH4 m-2 h-1 and 7.72 μg N2O m-2 h-1 for the improved grow-out ponds. Conventional practices (2388 g CO2eq m-2) had a higher 1.5-fold GWP compared to the improved grow-out pond (1635 g CO2eq m-2). The continuation of the land-based nursery pond and conventional aquacultural farming practices increase CH4 emission and GWP, while applying HDPE-lined nursery ponds combined with improved grow-out ponds could be a promising approach for reducing GHG emissions in rice-shrimp rotation systems. This study recommends further works in the rice-shrimp rotation systems, including (i) an examination of the effects of remaining rice stubbles in the platform on the availability of TOC levels and GHG emissions and (ii) ameliorating dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on the effectiveness of GHG emission reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Van Thao
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, 3/2 street, Can Tho city, 900000, Viet Nam
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu city, 183-8538, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nguyen Van Cong
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, 3/2 street, Can Tho city, 900000, Viet Nam
| | - Le Thi Cam Nhung
- Western Highlands Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute, Buon Ma Thuot city, Dak Lak, 630000, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Hoang Kha
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, 3/2 street, Can Tho city, 900000, Viet Nam
| | - Huynh Cong Khanh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, 3/2 street, Can Tho city, 900000, Viet Nam
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki city, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Le Van Dang
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu city, 183-8538, Tokyo, Japan
- College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho city, 900000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Phuong Duy
- WWF-Vietnam, No. 6, Lane 18, Nguyen Co Thach Street, Nam Tu Liem District, Ha Noi, 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Huynh Quoc Tinh
- WWF-Vietnam, No. 6, Lane 18, Nguyen Co Thach Street, Nam Tu Liem District, Ha Noi, 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Trieu Nguyen Lan Vi
- WWF-Vietnam, No. 6, Lane 18, Nguyen Co Thach Street, Nam Tu Liem District, Ha Noi, 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Phuong Chi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, 3/2 street, Can Tho city, 900000, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Sy Nam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, 3/2 street, Can Tho city, 900000, Viet Nam
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Tiwari AD, Pokhrel Y, Kramer D, Akhter T, Tang Q, Liu J, Qi J, Loc HH, Lakshmi V. A synthesis of hydroclimatic, ecological, and socioeconomic data for transdisciplinary research in the Mekong. Sci Data 2023; 10:283. [PMID: 37188677 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mekong River basin (MRB) is a transboundary basin that supports livelihoods of over 70 million inhabitants and diverse terrestrial-aquatic ecosystems. This critical lifeline for people and ecosystems is under transformation due to climatic stressors and human activities (e.g., land use change and dam construction). Thus, there is an urgent need to better understand the changing hydrological and ecological systems in the MRB and develop improved adaptation strategies. This, however, is hampered partly by lack of sufficient, reliable, and accessible observational data across the basin. Here, we fill this long-standing gap for MRB by synthesizing climate, hydrological, ecological, and socioeconomic data from various disparate sources. The data- including groundwater records digitized from the literature-provide crucial insights into surface water systems, groundwater dynamics, land use patterns, and socioeconomic changes. The analyses presented also shed light on uncertainties associated with various datasets and the most appropriate choices. These datasets are expected to advance socio-hydrological research and inform science-based management decisions and policymaking for sustainable food-energy-water, livelihood, and ecological systems in the MRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Deep Tiwari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Yadu Pokhrel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
| | - Daniel Kramer
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Tanjila Akhter
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Qiuhong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junguo Liu
- School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaguo Qi
- Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Ho Huu Loc
- Water Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology, Khlong Nueng, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Venkataraman Lakshmi
- Engineering Systems and Environment, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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A Dynamic Performance and Differentiation Management Policy for Urban Construction Land Use Change in Gansu, China. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11060942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Making efforts to promote rationalized urban construction land change, distribution, allocation, and its performance is the core task of territory spatial planning and a complex issue that the government must face and solve. Based on the Boston Consulting Group matrix, a decoupling model, and a GIS tool, this paper constructs a new tool that integrates “dynamic analysis + performance evaluation + policy design” for urban construction land. We reached the following findings from an empirical study of Gansu, China: (1) Urban construction land shows diversified changes, where expansion is dominant and shrink cannot be ignored. (2) Most cities are in the non-ideal state of LH (Low-High) and LL (Low-Low), with a small number in the state of HH (High-High) and HL (High-Low). (3) Urban construction land change and population growth, economic development, and income increase are in a discordant relationship, mostly in strong negative decoupling and expansive negative decoupling. (4) The spatial heterogeneity of urban construction land change and its performance are at a high level, and they show a slow upward trend. Additionally, the cold and the hot spots show obvious spatial clustering characteristics, and the spatial pattern of different indexes is different to some extent. (5) It is suggested that in territory spatial planning Gansu should divide the space into four policy areas—incremental, inventory, a reduction development policy area, and a transformation leading policy area—to implement differentiated management policies and to form a new spatial governance system of “control by zoning and management by class”. The change of urban construction land, characterized by dynamics and complexity, is a direct mapping of the urban growth process. The new tools constructed in this paper will help to reveal the laws of urban development and to improve the accuracy of territory spatial planning in the new era. They are of great theoretical significance and practical value for promoting high-quality and sustainable urban development.
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