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Shi Z, Yan J, Su R, Shi S, Li W, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Wang C. Cadmium and pyrene in the soil modify the properties of earthworm-mediated soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174878. [PMID: 39047841 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Earthworms are pivotal in soil ecosystems due to their crucial role in shaping soil characteristics through casts and burrow walls. Previous research has predominantly focused on the direct impact of soil pollution on live earthworms, overlooking the subsequent effects on earthworm-mediated soil, such as casts and burrow walls. Using 2D-terraria as incubation containers and the geophagous earthworm species Metaphire guillelmi, this study assessed the change in various properties of earthworm-mediated soil in both uncontaminated soils and Cd- and Pye-contaminated soils. Overall, both Cd and Pye overall improved the ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), Olsen's phosphorus (Olsen-P) levels, and invertase and catalase activities while decreasing catalase activities in earthworm-mediated soil. They also fluctuating affected the pH, soil organic matter (SOM) content, soil urease, alkaline phosphatase activities, and microbial functional genes in the cast and burrow walls. These results indicated that earthworms remained crucial "ecosystem engineers" even in polluted soil. Additionally, differences were observed in the responses of properties between casts and burrow walls, showing unequal contributions of transit-through-gut and burrowing processes to soil modification. Specifically, transit-through-gut was found to have a more significant influence on soil NH4+-N and Olsen-P content compared to burrowing behavior. Regarding the pattern of microbial functional genes in earthworm-associated compartments, results revealed that they differed significantly in casts from those in bulk soil and burrow walls under unpolluted conditions, with pollution-enhancing disparities among compartments. Furthermore, NH4+-N and Olsen-P content, urease, and catalase activities in burrow walls and/or casts were identified as potential biomarkers for soil pollution, exhibiting a clear dose-effect relationship. Developing such biomarkers could address ethical concerns related to conventional earthworm biomarkers that require sacrificing earthworms. This study provides insights into the consequences of soil pollution on earthworm-mediated soil components, highlighting the importance of considering the indirect effects of contaminants on soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Shi
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China; Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Taiyuan 030006, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Land engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, PR China.
| | - Jie Yan
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Run Su
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Shuyu Shi
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Wenwen Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Land engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, PR China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Shanxi Sino-Environmental Hongda Monitoring Technology Co. Ltd., Taiyuan 030032, PR China
| | - Congying Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China; Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
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Colpaert R, de Vaufleury A, Rieffel D, Amiot C, Crini N, Gimbert F. The effects of polystyrene microparticles on the environmental availability and bioavailability of As, Cd and Hg in soil for the land snail Cantareus aspersus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174451. [PMID: 38969124 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The combined contamination of terrestrial environments by metal(loid)s (MEs) and microplastics (MPs) is a major environmental issue. Once MPs enter soils, they can interact with MEs and modify their environmental availability, environmental bioavailability, and potential toxic effects on biota. Although research efforts have been made to describe the underlying mechanisms driving MP and ME interactions, the effects of MPs on ME bioavailability in terrestrial Mollusca have not yet been documented. To fill this gap, we exposed the terrestrial snail Cantareus aspersus to different combinations of polystyrene (PS) and arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), or mercury (Hg) concentrations. Using kinetic approaches, we then assessed the variations in the environmental availability of As, Cd or Hg after three weeks of equilibration and in the environmental bioavailability of As, Cd or Hg to snails after four weeks of exposure. We showed that while environmental availability was influenced by the total ME concentration, the effects of PS were limited. Although an increase in As availability was observed for the highest exposure concentrations at the beginning of the experiment, the soil ageing processes led to rapid adsorption in the soil regardless of the PS particle concentration. Concerning transfers to snail, ME bioaccumulation was ME concentration-dependent but not modified by the PS concentration in the soils. Nevertheless, the kinetic approaches evidenced an increase in As (2- to 2.6-fold) and Cd (1.6-fold), but not Hg, environmental bioavailability or excretion (2.3- to 3.6-fold for As, 1.8-fold for Cd) at low PS concentrations. However, these impacts were no longer observable at the highest PS exposure concentrations because of the increase in the bioaccessibility of MEs in the snail digestive tract. The generalization of such hormetic responses and the identification of the precise mechanisms involved necessitate further research to deepen our understanding of the MP-mediated behaviour of MEs in co-occurring scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Colpaert
- Chrono-environnement UMR6249, CNRS Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Annette de Vaufleury
- Chrono-environnement UMR6249, CNRS Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Dominique Rieffel
- Chrono-environnement UMR6249, CNRS Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Caroline Amiot
- Chrono-environnement UMR6249, CNRS Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Nadia Crini
- Chrono-environnement UMR6249, CNRS Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Frédéric Gimbert
- Chrono-environnement UMR6249, CNRS Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.
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Hu L, Feng X, Lan Y, Zhang J, Nie P, Xu H. Co-exposure with cadmium elevates the toxicity of microplastics: Trojan horse effect from the perspective of intestinal barrier. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133587. [PMID: 38280329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have been shown to adsorb heavy metals and serve as vehicles for their environmental transport. To date, insufficient studies have focused on enterohepatic injury in mice co-exposed to both MPs and cadmium (Cd). Here, we report that Cd adsorption increased the surface roughness and decreased the monodispersity of PS-MPs. Furthermore, exposure to both PS-MPs and Cd resulted in a more severe toxic effect compared to single exposure, with decreased body weight gain, shortened colon length, and increased colonic and hepatic inflammatory response observed. This can be attributed to an elevated accumulation of Cd resulting from increased gut permeability, coupled with the superimposed effects of oxidative stress. In addition, using 16 S sequencing and fecal microbiota transplantation, it was demonstrated that gut microbiota dysbiosis plays an essential role in the synergistic toxicity induced by PS-MPs and Cd in mice. This study showed that combined exposure to MPs and Cd induced more severe intestinal and liver damage in mice compared to individual exposure, and provided a new perspective for a more systematic risk assessment process related to MPs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liehai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Yuzhi Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Jingfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Penghui Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China; International Institute of Food Innovation Co., Ltd., Nanchang University, Nanchang 330200, PR China.
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Zhao Y, Li X, Bao H, Nan J. Effects of biochar-derived dissolved organic matter on the gut microbiomes and metabolomics in earthworm Eisenia fetida. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:117932. [PMID: 38104913 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The ecological risks of biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) to soil invertebrates at different organismal levels remains limited. This study comprehensively explored the ecological risks of biochar-derived DOM on earthworm gut through assessments of enzyme activity response, histopathology, gut microbiomes, and metabolomics. Results demonstrated that DOM disturbed the digestive enzymes in earthworm, especially for 10% DOM300 groups. The integrated biomarker response v2 (IBRv2) indicated that the perturbation of earthworm digestive enzymes induced by DOM was both time-dependent and dose-dependent. Pathological observations revealed that 10% DOM300 damaged intestinal epithelium and digestive lumen of earthworms. The significant damage and injury to earthworms caused by DOM300 due to its higher concentrations of heavy metal ions and organic substrates (e.g., toluene, hexane, butanamide, and hexanamide) compared to DOM500 and DOM700. Analysis of 16S rRNA from the gut microbiota showed a significant decrease in genera (Verminephrobacter, Bacillus, and Microbacteriaceae) associated with inflammation, disease, and detoxification processes. Furthermore, 10% DOM300 caused the abnormality of metabolites, such as glutamate, fumaric acid, pyruvate, and citric acid, which were involved in energy metabolism, These findings contributed to improve our understanding of the toxic mechanism of biochar DOM from multiple perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Huanyu Bao
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jun Nan
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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Chen C, Zheng N, Zhu H, An Q, Pan J, Li X, Ji Y, Li N, Sun S. Co-exposure to UV-aged microplastics and cadmium induces intestinal toxicity and metabolic responses in earthworms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132737. [PMID: 37832442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Aged microplastics (MPs) alter the interaction with heavy metals due to changes in surface properties. However, the combined toxicological effects of aged MPs on heavy metals in soil remain poorly understood. In this study, earthworms were employed as model animals to investigate the effects of aged MPs on the biotoxicity of cadmium (Cd) by simulating the exposure patterns of original and UV-aged MPs (polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene (PE)) with Cd. The results showed that UV-aging decreased the zeta potential and increased the specific surface area of the MPs, which enhanced the bioaccumulation of Cd and caused more severe oxidative stress to earthworms. Meanwhile, the earthworm intestines exhibited increased tissue damage, including chloragogenous tissue congestion lesions, and typhlosole damage. Furthermore, the combined exposure to UV-aged MPs and Cd enhanced the complexity of the microbial network in the earthworm gut and interfered with endocrine disruption, membrane structure, and energy metabolic pathways in earthworms. The results emphasized the need to consider the degradation of MPs in the environment. Hence, we recommend that future toxicological studies use aged MPs that are more representative of the actual environmental conditions, with the results being important for the risk assessment and management of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, China
| | - Na Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, China.
| | - Huicheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, China
| | - Qirui An
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, China
| | - Jiamin Pan
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, China
| | - Yining Ji
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, China
| | - Siyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, China
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6
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Papazlatani C, Garbeva P, Huerta Lwanga E. Effect of microplastic pollution on the gut microbiome of anecic and endogeic earthworms. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2024; 371:fnae040. [PMID: 38849299 PMCID: PMC11232513 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution constitutes an emerging type of pollution threatening both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The impact on aquatic ecosystems has been extensively studied, but the effect on terrestrial ecosystems and their inhabitants is mostly underexplored. In this study, we explored the effect of MP pollution on gut bacterial microbiome of endogeic (Aporrectodea caliginosa) and anecic (Lumbricus terrestris) earthworms. The experiments were performed in sandy soil with 0.2% of low-density polyethylene MPs (LDPE MPs). We observed that the endogeic earthworms had 100% survival, while anecic earthworms survived 25 days in the control (i.e. in absence of MPs) and 21 days in the treatment with LDPE MPs. The main driver of shifts in the diversity and composition of the bacterial communities in the gut of tested earthworms was the lifestyle of the worms, followed by the presence of MPs. The bacterial microbiome diversity was significantly different among the two types of earthworms, and the highest bacterial diversity was found in the gut of the endogeic earthworms. The effect of MPs on gut bacterial microbiome was clearly observed in the changes in the relative abundance of several phyla and families of the bacterial communities in both types of earthworms, although it was most evident in the anecic earthworms. The Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes were the main groups enhanced in the MP treatments, suggesting enrichment of the bacterial communities with potential plastic degraders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Papazlatani
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paolina Garbeva
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Esperanza Huerta Lwanga
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Guo S, Shi H, Qi Y, Tian G, Wang T, He F, Li X, Liu R. Environmental relevant concentrations of polystyrene nanoplastics and lead co-exposure triggered cellular cytotoxicity responses and underlying mechanisms in Eisenia fetida. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167264. [PMID: 37741403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution of soils and the widespread use of plastics have caused environmental problems worldwide. Nanoplastics (NPs) contaminants in water and soil environments can adsorb heavy metals, thereby affecting the bioavailability and toxicity of heavy metals. In this paper, the effect of co-exposure of polystyrene microspheres with 100 nm particle size and lead acetate (Pb) on the Eisenia fetida coelomocytes was investigated. The environmental concentration of NPs used was 0.01 mg/L and the concentration of Pb ranged from 0.01 to 1 mg/L, and the exposed cells were incubated at 298 k for 24 h. Our study demonstrated that exposure of cells to environmental relevant concentrations of NPs did not significantly affect the cytotoxicity of Pb exposure. It was shown that co-exposure induced cellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS, increased to 134.4 %) disrupted the antioxidant system of earthworm body cavity cells, activated superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT), produced reduced glutathione, and inhibited glutathione-dependent enzyme (GST) activity (Reduced to 64 %). Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) is first enhanced against ROS due to the stress of NPs and Pb. When the antioxidant reserves of cells are exhausted, the antioxidant capacity will decrease. The level of malondialdehyde, a biomarker of eventual lipid peroxidation, increased to 231.7 %. At the molecular level, due to co-exposure to NPs and Pb, CAT was loosely structured and the secondary structure is misfolded, which was responsible for exacerbating oxidative damage in E. fetida coelomocytes. The findings of this study have significant implications for the toxicological interaction and future risk assessment of co-contamination of NPs and Pb in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Huijian Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Yuntao Qi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Guang Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Falin He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China.
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Liu S, Liu X, Guo J, Yang R, Wang H, Sun Y, Chen B, Dong R. The Association Between Microplastics and Microbiota in Placentas and Meconium: The First Evidence in Humans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:17774-17785. [PMID: 36269573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy and infancy are vulnerable times for detrimental environmental exposures. However, the exposure situation of microplastics (MPs) for mother-infant pairs and the adverse health effect of MPs are largely unknown. Therefore, we explored MP exposure in placentas and meconium samples, and the potential correlation of MP exposure with microbiota in placentas and meconium. A total of 18 mother-infant pairs were effectively recruited from Shanghai, China. The study required pregnant women to provide placentas and meconium samples. An Agilent 8700 laser infrared imaging spectrometer (LDIR) was applied to identify MPs. Microbiota detection was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Sixteen types of MPs were found in all matrices, and polyamide (PA) and polyurethane (PU) were the major types we identified. MPs detected in samples with a size of 20-50 μm were more than 76.46%. At the phylum level, both placenta and meconium microbiota were mainly composed of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Firmicutes. We also found some significant differences between placenta and meconium microbiota in β-diversity and gut composition. Additionally, we found polystyrene was inversely related with the Chao index of meconium microbiota. Polyethylene was consistently inversely correlated with several genera of placenta microbiota. The total MPs, PA, and PU consistently impacted several genera of meconium microbiota. In conclusion, MPs are ubiquitous in placentas and meconium samples, indicating the wide exposure of pregnant women and infants. Moreover, our findings may support a link between high concentration of MPs and microbiota genera in placentas and meconium. Additionally, there were several significant associations between the particle size of MPs in 50-100 μm and meconium microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jialin Guo
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Ruoru Yang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hangwei Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongyun Sun
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruihua Dong
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Shi Z, Li W, Shi S, Zhao Y, Wang C. Effects of cadmium and pyrene on earthworm-associated bacterial communities: Unveiling new perspectives for soil pollution management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 346:119037. [PMID: 37742565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms are considered to be excellent bioindicators of soil pollution. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in examining the effects of soil pollution on earthworm-associated microbiomes, with a particular focus on the gut microbiomes. However, relatively little effort has been invested in comprehensively investigating other microbiomes associated with earthworms and their responses to soil pollution. To fill this gap, we systematically studied the effects of Cd, pyrene, and combined pollution on the bacterial community in different vermicompartments, i.e., burrow wall, gut, and cast, in both epigeic Eisenia fetida and anecic Metaphire guillelmi, using a 2D-terraria incubator and high-throughput sequencing techniques. The results showed that bacterial alpha diversity followed the order of burrow wall > cast > gut, and this did not vary with soil pollution or earthworm ecotypes. Moreover, the dominant phyla in the vermicompartments were similar across different pollution treatments. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that the bacterial communities in different vermicompartments and ecotypes of earthworm were separated from each other, whereas they were grouped together in polluted treatments and unpolluted conditions. These results imply that even in polluted soil, vermicompartment and earthworm ecotypes remain the most significant factors affecting earthworm-associated microbiomes. However, the impacts of soil pollution on the bacterial composition in each vermicompartment were still evident. A comprehensive analysis revealed that the gut bacterial communities are more sensitive to soil contamination than casts and burrow wall in different ecotypes. Additionally, linear discriminant analysis of effect size (LefSe) identified several bacteria in Gemmatimonadota, the Firmicutes phylum in the burrow walls, and Patescibacteria (phyla) in the gut as potential biomarkers for pyrene contamination in soil. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of the effects of soil pollution on earthworm-associated microbiomes, thereby enhancing our understanding of earthworm ecotoxicology and soil pollution management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Shi
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China; Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, PR China.
| | - Wenwen Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Shuyu Shi
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, PR China.
| | - Congying Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China; Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, PR China.
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10
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Li K, Wang F. Global hotspots and trends in interactions of microplastics and heavy metals: a bibliometric analysis and literature review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:93309-93322. [PMID: 37542698 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are identified as emerging contaminants; however, their interactions with heavy metals in the environment have not been well elucidated. Here, the research progress, hotspots, and trends in the interactions of MPs and heavy metals were analyzed at a global scale using a bibliometric analysis combined with a literature review. We comprehensively searched the Web of Science Core Collection database from 2008 to July 5, 2022. A total of 552 articles published in 124 journals were selected, which came from 70 countries and 841 institutions. The most contributing journals, countries, institutions, and authors were identified. Visualization methods were used to identify high co-citation references and hot keywords in the 552 articles. Evolutionary and cluster analyses of hot keywords suggested several research hotspots in the co-contamination of MPs and heavy metals, including their toxicity and bioaccumulation, the adsorption and desorption behaviors, the environmental pollution and risk assessment, and their detection and characterization. Based on the current research status, several directions of priority are recommended to understand the interactions between MPs and heavy metals and their potential risks. This article can help recognize the current research status and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehan Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Fayuan Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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Fang C, Zheng R, Hong F, Chen S, Chen G, Zhang M, Gao F, Chen J, Bo J. First evidence of meso- and microplastics on the mangrove leaves ingested by herbivorous snails and induced transcriptional responses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161240. [PMID: 36587672 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although evidence suggests the ubiquity of meso- and microplastics (MMPs) in mangrove forests, our knowledge of their bioavailability and risk on mangrove leaves is scarce. Here, we investigated MMP contamination concerning submerged mangrove leaves and herbivorous snails that mainly feed on them from the four mangrove forests located in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi Province, China. Results showed that the MMP abundance on the mangrove leaves ranged from 0.01 ± 0.00 to 0.42 ± 0.15 items cm-2, while it ranged from 0.33 ± 0.21 to 6.20 ± 2.91 items individual-1 in the snails. There were significant positive correlations between snails and leaves regarding the abundance of total MMPs and the proportions of MMPs with the same characteristics. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) that mainly derived from aquaculture rafts, accounted for a major component both on the leaves and in the snails in Shi Jiao (SJ). Both the detection frequency and percentage of larger EPS (2.00-17.50 mm) on the leaves in SJ were higher than other sites. Meanwhile, the detection frequency, abundance and percentage of larger EPS on the leaves had significant positive correlations with those of micro-EPS in the snails. These findings suggested that mangrove leaves may represent a viable pathway for MMPs to enter the herbivorous snails. Larger EPS with higher frequency of occurrence on mangrove leaves were more likely to be encountered and ingested by snail considering its opportunistic feeding behavior. In addition, 11 sensitive genes involved in the processes of metabolism, intestinal mucosal immune systems, and cellular transduction in the snails were significantly suppressed by MMP exposure, which may be potentially used as early biomarkers to indicate the biological effects of MMPs under realistic environmental conditions. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the fate, sources, and biological effects of MMPs on mangrove leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fang
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536015, China
| | - Ronghui Zheng
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fukun Hong
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shunyang Chen
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536015, China
| | - Guangcheng Chen
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536015, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fulong Gao
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jincan Chen
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jun Bo
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Tourinho PS, Loureiro S, Pavlaki MD, Mocová KA, Ribeiro F. A Systematic Review of Nano- and Microplastic (NMP) Influence on the Bioaccumulation of Environmental Contaminants: Part I-Soil Organisms. TOXICS 2023; 11:154. [PMID: 36851029 PMCID: PMC9958926 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nano- and microplastics (NMPs) are a group of contaminants that cause concern due to their abundance in the environment, high persistence, and interaction with other contaminants. This review aims to understand the role of NMP in the bioaccumulation of environmental contaminants. For that, a comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify publications that compared the uptake of contaminants in the presence and absence of NMP. In this part I, twenty-eight publications of the terrestrial compartment were analyzed. Two main taxonomic groups were studied, namely, earthworms and terrestrial plants. In earthworms, most studies observed an increase in the bioaccumulation of the contaminants, while in plants, most studies observed a decrease in the bioaccumulation. Changes in bioavailable fractions of contaminants due to NMP presence was the main reason pointed out by the authors for their outcomes. Moreover, biological aspects were also found to be important in defining how NMPs affect bioaccumulation. Dermal damage and changes in contaminant-degrading bacteria in the gut of earthworms caused an increase in bioaccumulation, and root pore blockage was a common reason for the decrease in the bioaccumulation of contaminants in plants. Nevertheless, such effects were mainly observed at high, unrealistic NMP concentrations. Finally, knowledge gaps were identified, and the limitations of this systematic review were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula S. Tourinho
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria D. Pavlaki
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Klará Anna Mocová
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fabianne Ribeiro
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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13
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Gong W, Li H, Wang J, Zhou J, Zhao H, Wang X, Qu H, Lu A. Global Research Activities on Micro(nano)plastic Toxicity to Earthworms. TOXICS 2023; 11:112. [PMID: 36850987 PMCID: PMC9966243 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Micro(nano)plastics are emerging contaminants that have been shown to cause various ecotoxicological effects on soil biota. Earthworms, as engineers of the ecosystem, play a fundamental role in soil ecosystem processes and have been used as model species in ecotoxicological studies. Research that evaluates micro(nano)plastic toxicity to earthworms has increased greatly over the last decade; however, only few studies have been conducted to highlight the current knowledge and evolving trends of this topic. This study aims to visualize the research status and knowledge structure of the relevant literature. Bibliometrics and visualization analyses were conducted using co-citations, cooperation networks and cluster analysis. The results showed that micro(nano)plastic toxicity to earthworms is an emerging and increasingly popular topic, with 78 articles published from 2013 to 2022, the majority of which were published in the last two years. The most prolific publications and journals involved in this topic were also identified. In addition, the diversity of cooperative relationships among different countries and institutions confirmed the evolution of this research field, in which China contributed substantially. The high-frequency keywords were then determined using co-occurrence analysis, and were identified as exposure, bioaccumulation, soil, pollution, toxicity, oxidative stress, heavy metal, microplastic, Eisenia foetida and community. Moreover, a total of eight clusters were obtained based on topic knowledge clustering, and these included the following themes: plastic pollution, ingestion, combined effects and the biological endpoints of earthworms and toxic mechanisms. This study provides an overview and knowledge structure of micro(nano)plastic toxicity to earthworms so that future researchers can identify their research topics and potential collaborators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Gong
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, BAAFS (Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences), Beijing 100097, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, BAAFS (Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences), Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jiachen Wang
- Institute of Plan Nutrition, Resources and Environment, BAAFS (Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences), Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jihua Zhou
- Beijing Agricultural Technology Promotion Station, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haikang Zhao
- Beijing Agricultural Technology Promotion Station, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuexia Wang
- Institute of Plan Nutrition, Resources and Environment, BAAFS (Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences), Beijing 100097, China
| | - Han Qu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Anxiang Lu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, BAAFS (Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences), Beijing 100097, China
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14
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Jiménez‐Arroyo C, Tamargo A, Molinero N, Moreno‐Arribas MV. The gut microbiota, a key to understanding the health implications of micro(nano)plastics and their biodegradation. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:34-53. [PMID: 36415969 PMCID: PMC9803334 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of plastic debris on the environment and plant, animal, and human health are a global challenge, with micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) being the main focus. MNPs are found so often in the food chain that they are provoking an increase in human intake. They have been detected in most categories of consumed foods, drinking water, and even human feces. Therefore, oral ingestion becomes the main source of exposure to MNPs, and the gastrointestinal tract, primarily the gut, constantly interacts with these small particles. The consequences of human exposure to MNPs remain unclear. However, current in vivo studies and in vitro gastrointestinal tract models have shown that MNPs of several types and sizes impact gut intestinal bacteria, affecting gut homeostasis. The typical microbiome signature of MNP ingestion is often associated with dysbiosis and loss of resilience, leads to frequent pathogen outbreaks, and local and systemic metabolic disorders. Moreover, the small micro- and nano-plastic particles found in animal tissues with accumulated evidence of microbial degradation of plastics/MNPs by bacteria and insect gut microbiota raise the issue of whether human gut bacteria make key contributions to the bio-transformation of ingested MNPs. Here, we discuss these issues and unveil the complex interplay between MNPs and the human gut microbiome. Therefore, the elucidation of the biological consequences of this interaction on both host and microbiota is undoubtedly challenging. It is expected that microbial biotechnology and microbiome research could help decipher the extent to which gut microorganisms diversify and MNP-determinant species, mechanisms, and enzymatic systems, as well as become important to understand our response to MNP exposure and provide background information to inspire future holistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alba Tamargo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL)CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
| | - Natalia Molinero
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL)CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
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15
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Cui W, Gao P, Zhang M, Wang L, Sun H, Liu C. Adverse effects of microplastics on earthworms: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:158041. [PMID: 35973535 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are widely distributed in terrestrial environments and have been known to adversely affect earthworms. Based on 65 publications, we summarized the effects of microplastics on the growth, behavior, oxidative responses, gene expression, and gut microbiota of earthworms. Since microplastics are often present simultaneously with other pollutants, especially heavy metals and hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs), the interactions and combined effects of microplastics and these pollutants on earthworms have also been discussed. It has been shown that earthworms can selectively ingest microplastics, preferring to those with smaller particle size (especially smaller than 50 μm) and biodegradable compositions. Generally, microplastics with higher concentrations (especially those > 0.5%, w/w) and smaller sizes (e.g., 100 nm) have greater adverse effects on earthworms. Additionally, microplastics can facilitate the accumulation of heavy metals and organic pollutants by earthworms and pose severer damages. Current knowledge gaps and perspectives for future work are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Panpan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Miaoyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chunguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Qiu Y, Zhou S, Zhang C, Zhou Y, Qin W. Soil microplastic characteristics and the effects on soil properties and biota: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120183. [PMID: 36126769 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The soil environment serves as an assembling area for microplastics, and is an important secondary source of microplastics in other environmental media. Recently, soil microplastics have been extensively studied; however, high variability is observed among the research results owing to different soil properties, and the complexity of soil microplastic composition. The present study amassed the findings of 2886 experimental groups, across 38 studies from 2016 to 2022, and used meta-analysis to quantitatively analyze the differences in the effects of microplastic exposure on soil physicochemical properties and biota. The results showed that among the existing soil microplastic research, agricultural soils maintained a higher environmental exposure distribution than other environments. Microplastic fibers and fragments were the predominant shapes, indicating that the extensive use of agricultural films are the primary influencing factor of soil microplastic pollution at present. The results of the meta-analysis found that microplastic exposure had a significant negative effect on soil bulk density (lnRR = -0.04) and aggregate stability (lnRR = -0.085), indicating that microplastics may damage the integrity of soil structure or damage the soil surface. The significant changes in plant root biomass and soil phosphatase further signified the potential impact of microplastics on soil nutrient and geochemical element cycling. We further constructed species sensitivity distribution curves, revealing that invertebrates had a higher species sensitivity to microplastics, as they can pass through the gut wall of soil nematodes, causing oxidative stress and affecting gene expression. In general, soil is an interconnected complex, and microplastic exposure can directly or indirectly interact with environmental chemical processes in the soil environment, potentially harming the soil ecosystem; however, current research remains insufficient with respect to breadth and depth in terms of the comprehensive "source-sink" mechanism of soil microplastics, the hazard of exposure, and the overall toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Qiu
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Shenglu Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210024, China.
| | - Chuchu Zhang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Wendong Qin
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210024, China
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17
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Hu L, Zhao Y, Xu H. Trojan horse in the intestine: A review on the biotoxicity of microplastics combined environmental contaminants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129652. [PMID: 35901632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
With the reported ability of microplastics (MPs) to act as "Trojan horses" carrying other environmental contaminants, the focus of researches has shifted from their ubiquitous occurrence to interactive toxicity. In this review, we provided the latest knowledge on the processes and mechanisms of interaction between MPs and co-contaminants (heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, pathogens, nanomaterials and other contaminants) and discussed the influencing factors (environmental conditions and characteristics of polymer and contaminants) that affect the adsorption/desorption process. In addition, the bio-toxicological outcomes of mixtures are elaborated based on the damaging effects on the intestinal barrier. Our review showed that the interaction processes and toxicological outcomes of mixture are complex and variable, and the intestinal barrier should receive more attention as the first line of defensing against MPs and environmental contaminants invasion. Moreover, we pointed out several knowledge gaps in this new research area and suggested directions for future studies in order to understand the multiple factors involved, such as epidemiological assessment, nanoplastics, mechanisms for toxic alteration and the fate of mixtures after desorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liehai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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