1
|
Benedetti V, Cascioli A, Pecchi M, Baratieri M. Fast screening of catalyst performances in hydrothermal processes for biofuel production using differential scanning calorimetry. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 405:130934. [PMID: 38851599 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Catalysts are usually employed in hydrothermal processes for different purposes, such as enhancing quality and yield of produced biofuels. However, assessing catalyst performances can be time consuming and expensive. For this reason, in this work, a technique based on high pressure differential scanning calorimetry was applied to study heterogeneous catalyst behavior under hydrothermal conditions at the micro-scale. Heterogeneous catalysts were mixed with distilled water and cellulose, selected as substrate, and tested at 250 °C. The heat release profiles obtained were deconvoluted in three Gaussian peaks, each associated with a set of reactions. Siralox and iron chloride showed the highest catalytic activities impacting the development and the enthalpy of the reactions. Selected samples were further characterized to investigate synergies among acid and basic sites and emphasize the importance of the spatial distribution of the components inside the catalysts. This study highlights the crucial role of advanced techniques in optimizing catalyst performance for more efficient biofuel production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Benedetti
- Faculty of Engineering, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Domenicani 3, Bozen-Bolzano 39100 Italy.
| | - Alessandro Cascioli
- Faculty of Engineering, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Domenicani 3, Bozen-Bolzano 39100 Italy
| | - Matteo Pecchi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 111 Wing Drive, Ithaca 14853, NY, United States
| | - Marco Baratieri
- Faculty of Engineering, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Domenicani 3, Bozen-Bolzano 39100 Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shao M, Zhang C, Chen Q, Wu H, Dong Z, Bai X, Wang N, Xu Q. Hydrothermal-enhanced pyrolysis for efficient NO X reduction and biochar valorization from food waste digestate. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 183:112-122. [PMID: 38739988 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Pyrolysis has emerged as a promising technology for valorizing digestate resulting from the anaerobic digestion of food waste. However, the high NOX emissions during pyrolysis limit its application. This study proposed a hydrothermal coupled pyrolysis process to control the element transfer in digestate during biochar production. The efficient reduction of NOX emissions and the improvement of biochar adsorbability were realized. The hydrothermal process reduced the nitrogen content in solid digestate by 49.10 %-81.79 %, thus reducing the NOX precursors in syngas and the N-containing substances in bio-oil. Additionally, the specific surface area and the total pore volume of biochar were enhanced from 25 m2/g to 60-73 m2/g and 0.06 cm3/g to 0.12-0.14 cm3/g, respectively. More defects, oxygen-containing functional groups, and doped Ca on the biochar resulted in a high phosphate removal efficiency of 94 %. The proposed technology provides an efficient and environmentally friendly way to utilize the digestate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingshuai Shao
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Qindong Chen
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Huanan Wu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Zihang Dong
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Xinyue Bai
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Qiyong Xu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fregolente LG, Rodrigues MT, Oliveira NC, Araújo BS, Nascimento ÍV, Souza Filho AG, Paula AJ, Costa MCG, Mota JCA, Ferreira OP. Effects of chemical aging on carbonaceous materials: Stability of water-dispersible colloids and their influence on the aggregation of natural-soil colloid. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166835. [PMID: 37678531 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Although hydrochar and biochar have been used as soil conditioners, there is not a clear understanding of how their properties changes due to aging impacts their colloidal particles behavior on the soil system. From this premise, we produced hydrochar and biochar from the same feedstock (cashew bagasse) and aged with different chemical methods: (i) using hydrogen peroxide, (ii) a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids, and (iii) hot water. It was analyzed the effects of aging on the stability of the carbonaceous materials (CMs) colloids in aqueous medium with different ionic strength (single systems), as well as the stability of the natural-soil colloid when interacting with biochar and hydrochar colloids (binary systems). A chemical composition (C, H, N, and O content) change in CMs due to the chemically induced aging was observed along with minor structural modifications. Chemical aging could increase the amount of oxygen functional groups for both biochar and hydrochar, though in a different level depending on the methodology applied. In this sense, hydrochar was more susceptive to chemical oxidation than biochar. The effectiveness of chemical aging treatments for biochar increased in the order of water < acid < hydrogen peroxide, whereas for hydrochar the order was water < hydrogen peroxide < acid. While the increase in surface oxidation improved the biochar colloidal stability in water medium at different ionic strengths (single systems), the stability and critical coagulation concentration (CCC) slightly changed for hydrochar. Natural-soil clay (NSC) interactions with oxidized carbonaceous material colloids (binary systems) enhanced NSC stability, which is less likely to aggregate. Therefore, the aging of carbonaceous materials modifies the interaction and dynamics of soil small particles, requiring far more attention to the environmental risks due to their application over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laís G Fregolente
- Physics Department, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará State postcode 60455-900, Brazil.
| | - Maria T Rodrigues
- Physics Department, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará State postcode 60455-900, Brazil
| | - Naiara C Oliveira
- Physics Department, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará State postcode 60455-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Sousa Araújo
- Physics Department, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará State postcode 60455-900, Brazil
| | - Ícaro V Nascimento
- Soil Science Department, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará State postcode 60455-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio G Souza Filho
- Physics Department, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará State postcode 60455-900, Brazil
| | - Amauri J Paula
- Physics Department, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará State postcode 60455-900, Brazil; Ilum School of Science, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais - CNPEM, Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Mirian C G Costa
- Soil Science Department, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará State postcode 60455-900, Brazil
| | - Jaedson C A Mota
- Soil Science Department, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará State postcode 60455-900, Brazil
| | - Odair P Ferreira
- Physics Department, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará State postcode 60455-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Materiais Funcionais Avançados (LaMFA), Chemistry Department, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná State postcode 86057-970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Djandja OS, Liew RK, Liu C, Liang J, Yuan H, He W, Feng Y, Lougou BG, Duan PG, Lu X, Kang S. Catalytic hydrothermal carbonization of wet organic solid waste: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162119. [PMID: 36773913 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization has gained attention in converting wet organic solid waste into hydrochar with many applications such as solid fuel, energy storage material precursor, fertilizer or soil conditioner. Recently, various catalysts such as organic and inorganic catalysts are employed to guide the properties of the hydrochar. This review presents a summarize and a critical discussion on types of catalysts, process parameters and catalytic mechanisms. The catalytic impact of carboxylic acids is related to their acidity level and the number of carboxylic groups. The catalysis level with strong mineral acids is likely related to the number of hydronium ions liberated from their hydrolysis. The impact of inorganic salts is determined by the Lewis acidity of the cation. The metallic ions in metallic salts may incorporate into the hydrochar and increase the ash of the hydrochar. The selection of catalysts for various applications of hydrochars and the environmental and the techno-economic aspects of the process are also presented. Although some catalysts might enhance the characteristics of hydrochar for various applications, these catalysts may also result in considerable carbon loss, particularly in the case of organic acid catalysts, which may potentially ruin the overall advantage of the process. Overall, depending on the expected application of the hydrochar, the type of catalyst and the amount of catalyst loading requires careful consideration. Some recommendations are made for future investigations to improve laboratory-scale process comprehension and understanding of pathways as well as to encourage widespread industrial adoption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oraléou Sangué Djandja
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P. O. Box 25305000100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rock Keey Liew
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; NV WESTERN PLT, No. 208B, Second Floor, Macalister Road, 10400 Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chang Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Jianhao Liang
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Haojun Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Weixin He
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Yifei Feng
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Bachirou Guene Lougou
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Pei-Gao Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Xuebin Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Shimin Kang
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang W, Chang JS, Lee DJ. Digestate-derived carbonized char and activated carbon: Application perspective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 381:129135. [PMID: 37164231 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The flourishment of anaerobic digestion (AD) on waste treatment emphasizes the importance of digestate valorization, which plays an essential role in determining the benefits provided by the AD process. The perception of digestate gradually shifts from waste to products to realize the concept of circular economy and maximize the benefits of digestate valorization. This review first outlined the current status of digestate valorization, focusing on thermal-chemical methods. The novel valorization methods were then summarized from the recent research, illustrating prospects for digestate valorization. Limits and perspectives are finally addressed. Methods for preparing digestate-derived activated carbon and impurity effects were elucidated. Inherent mineral content/inorganic impurity could be a niche for downstream use. High surface area and well-developed pore structure are essential for satisfying downstream use performance, but they are not the only factors. Digestate char applications other than use as an energy fuel are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qu J, Bi F, Hu Q, Wu P, Ding B, Tao Y, Ma S, Qian C, Zhang Y. A novel PEI-grafted N-doping magnetic hydrochar for enhanced scavenging of BPA and Cr(VI) from aqueous phase. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 321:121142. [PMID: 36702430 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, polyethyleneimine (PEI)-grafted nitrogen-doping magnetic hydrochar (PEIMW@MNHC) was synthesized for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and bisphenol A (BPA) elimination from water. Characterizations exhibited that abundant amino functional groups, intramolecular heterocyclic N, azo and Fe-NX structures were successfully introduced into the inherent structure of hydrochar. The obtained PEIMW@MNHC presented maximum uptake of 205.37 and 180.79 mg/g for Cr(VI) and BPA, respectively, and was highly tolerant to various co-existing ions. Mechanism investigation revealed that the protonated amino, intramolecular heterocyclic N and Fe(II) participated in Cr(VI) reduction, and the N/O-containing groups and Fe(III) fixed Cr(III) onto PEIMW@MNHC by the formation of complexes and precipitates. On the other hand, azo, Fe-NX and graphitic N structures contributed to the removal of BPA via pore filling, hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions. Additionally, PEIMW@MNHC maintained over 85.0% removal efficiency for Cr(VI) and BPA after four cycles, manifesting that PEIMW@MNHC was an ideal adsorbent with outstanding practical application potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fuxuan Bi
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qi Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Peipei Wu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Boyu Ding
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Tao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shouyi Ma
- Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chunrong Qian
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|