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Kim M, Jung S, Kang S, Rhie MN, Song M, Shin J, Shin SG, Lee J. Magnetite particles accelerate methanogenic degradation of highly concentrated acetic acid in anaerobic digestion process. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119132. [PMID: 38735380 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The anaerobic digestion (AD) process has become significant for its capability to convert organic wastewater into biogas, a valuable energy source. Excessive acetic acid accumulation in the anaerobic digester can inhibit methanogens, ultimately leading to the deterioration of process performance. Herein, the effect of magnetite particles (MP) as an enhancer on the methanogenic degradation of highly-concentrated acetate (6 g COD/L) was examined through long-term sequential AD batch tests. Bioreactors with (AM) and without (AO) MP were compared. AO experienced inhibition and its methane production rate (qm) converged to 0.45 L CH4/g VSS/d after 10 sequential batches (AO10, the 10th batch in a series of the sequential batch tests conducted using bioreactors without MP addition). In contrast, AM achieved 3-425% higher qm through the sequential batches, indicating that MP could counteract the inhibition caused by the highly-concentrated acetate. MP addition to inhibited bioreactors (AO10) successfully restored them, achieving qm of 1.53 L CH4/g VSS/d, 3.4 times increase from AO10 after 8 days lag time, validating its potential as a recovery strategy for inhibited digesters with acetate accumulation. AM exhibited higher microbial populations (1.8-3.8 times) and intracellular activity (9.3 times) compared to AO. MP enriched Methanosaeta, Peptoclostridium, Paraclostridium, OPB41, and genes related to direct interspecies electron transfer and acetate oxidation, potentially driving the improvement of qm through MP-mediated methanogenesis. These findings demonstrated the potential of MP supplementation as an effective strategy to accelerate acetate-utilizing methanogenesis and restore an inhibited anaerobic digester with high acetate accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjae Kim
- Division of Earth Environmental System Science (Major of Environmental Engineering), Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyun Jung
- Division of Earth Environmental System Science (Major of Environmental Engineering), Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonmin Kang
- Division of Earth Environmental System Science (Major of Environmental Engineering), Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Na Rhie
- Division of Earth Environmental System Science (Major of Environmental Engineering), Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan, 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Song
- Institute of Sustainable Earth and Environmental Dynamics (SEED), Pukyong National University, Busan, 48547, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Shin
- Department of Energy Engineering, Future Convergence Technology Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gu Shin
- Department of Energy Engineering, Future Convergence Technology Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonyeob Lee
- Division of Earth Environmental System Science (Major of Environmental Engineering), Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
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Zhao K, Liu S, Feng Y, Li F. Bioelectrochemical remediation of soil antibiotic and antibiotic resistance gene pollution: Key factors and solution strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174517. [PMID: 38977104 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, owing to the overuse and improper handling of antibiotics, soil antibiotic pollution has become increasingly serious and an environmental issue of global concern. It affects the quality and ecological balance of the soil and allows the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which threatens the health of all people. As a promising soil remediation technology, bioelectrochemical systems (BES) are superior to traditional technologies because of their simple operation, self-sustaining operation, easy control characteristics, and use of the metabolic processes of microorganisms and electrochemical redox reactions. Moreover, they effectively remediate antibiotic contaminants in soil. This review explores the application of BES remediation mechanisms in the treatment of antibiotic contamination in soil in detail. The advantages of BES restoration are highlighted, including the effective removal of antibiotics from the soil and the prevention of the spread of ARGs. Additionally, the critical roles played by microbial communities in the remediation process and the primary parameters influencing the remediation effect of BES were clarified. This study explores several strategies to improve the BES repair efficiency, such as adjusting the reactor structure, improving the electrode materials, applying additives, and using coupling systems. Finally, this review discusses the current limitations and future development prospects, and how to improve its performance and promote its practical applications. In summary, this study aimed to provide a reference for better strategies for BES to effectively remediate soil antibiotic contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, 5088 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, 5088 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria at Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yimeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria at Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Fengxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria at Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Yang S, Wang K, Yu X, Xu Y, Ye H, Bai M, Zhao L, Sun Y, Li X, Li Y. Fulvic acid more facilitated the soil electron transfer than humic acid. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134080. [PMID: 38522204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Humus substances (HSs) participate in extracellular electron transfer (EET), which is unclear in heterogeneous soil. Here, a microbial electrochemical system (MES) was constructed to determine the effect of HSs, including humic acid, humin and fulvic acid, on soil electron transfer. The results showed that fulvic acid led to the optimal electron transfer efficiency in soil, as evidenced by the highest accumulated charges and removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons after 140 days, with increases of 161% and 30%, respectively, compared with those of the control. However, the performance of MES with the addition of humic acid and humin was comparable to that of the control. Fulvic acid amendment enhanced the carboxyl content and oxidative state of dissolved organic matter, endowing a better electron transfer capacity. Additionally, the presence of fulvic acid induced an increase in the abundance of electroactive bacteria and organic degraders, extracellular polymeric substances and functional enzymes such as cytochrome c and NADH synthesis, and the expression of m tr C gene, which is responsible for EET enhancement in soil. Overall, this study reveals the mechanism by which HSs stimulate soil electron transfer at the physicochemical and biological levels and provides basic support for the application of bioelectrochemical technology in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Side Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Huike Ye
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Mohan Bai
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Wongkiew S, Aksorn S, Amnuaychaichana S, Polprasert C, Noophan PL, Kanokkantapong V, Koottatep T, Surendra KC, Khanal SK. Bioponic systems with biochar: Insights into nutrient recovery, heavy metal reduction, and microbial interactions in digestate-based bioponics. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 178:267-279. [PMID: 38422680 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Bioponics is a nutrient-recovery technology that transforms nutrient-rich organic waste into plant biomass/bioproducts. Integrating biochar with digestate from anaerobic wastewater treatment process can improve resource recovery while mitigating heavy metal contamination. The overarching goal of this study was to investigate the application of biochar in digestate-based bioponics, focusing on its efficacy in nutrient recovery and heavy metal removal, while also exploring the microbial community dynamics. In this study, biochar was applied at 50 % w/w with 500 g dry weight of digestate during two 28-day crop cycles (uncontrolled pH and pH 5.5) using white stem pak choi (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) as a model crop. The results showed that the digestate provided sufficient phosphorus and nitrogen, supporting plant growth. Biochar amendment improved plant yield and phosphate solubilization and reduced nitrogen loss, especially at the pH 5.5. Furthermore, biochar reduced the heavy metal accumulation in plants, while concentrating these metals in the residual sludge. However, owing to potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks, it is still not recommended to directly consume plants cultivated in digestate-based bioponic systems. Additionally, biochar amendment exhibited pronounced impact on the microbial community, promoting microbes responsible for nutrient solubilization and cycling (e.g., Tetrasphaera, Herpetosiphon, Hyphomicrobium, and Pseudorhodoplanes) and heavy metal stabilization (e.g., Leptolinea, Fonticella, Romboutsia, and Desulfurispora) in both the residual sludge and plants. Overall, the addition of biochar enhanced the microbial community and facilitated the metal stabilization and the cycling of nutrients within both residual sludge and root systems, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the bioponics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeth Wongkiew
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Water Science and Technology for Sustainable Environment Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Satja Aksorn
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchana Amnuaychaichana
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chongrak Polprasert
- Thammasat School of Engineering, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Pongsak Lek Noophan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vorapot Kanokkantapong
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Waste Utilization and Ecological Risk Assessment Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thammarat Koottatep
- Environmental Engineering and Management, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - K C Surendra
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA; Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, 44600 Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA; Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong-ro 2511, Sejong, Korea (Affiliate Faculty)
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Huang L, Tang R, Huang S, Tang J, Lin H, Yuan Y, Zhou S. Fate of carbon influenced by the in-situ growth of phototrophic biofilms at the soil-water interface of paddy soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168451. [PMID: 37956834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Phototrophic biofilms (PBs) are commonly found in the sediment/soil-water interface of paddy soils and have a significant impact on carbon cycles. However, the specific carbon fate influenced by the in-situ growth of PBs in paddy soil remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of in situ PBs growth on methane and carbon dioxide emissions, as well as dissolved organic matter (DOM) transformation. Our findings demonstrated a negative correlation between PBs growth and methane and carbon dioxide emissions, while showing a positive correlation with DOM composition. The in-situ growth of PBs reduced methane emissions by approximately 79 % and carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 33 % in the daytime, and also slowed down the degradation rate of dissolved organic matter from over 30.4 % to <16 %. Microsensor measurements revealed that these changes were attributed to the increased concentration and penetration depth of oxygen, as well as variations in pH caused by the growth of in situ PBs. Co-occurrence analysis indicated a robust correlation between DOM transformation and the significantly suppressed methanogenesis by methanogens such as Methanosaeta, Methanomassiliicoccus and Methanosarcina, and also the notably enhanced methane oxidation by methanotrophs including Methylobacterium, Methyloversatilis and Methylomonas, in response to the growth of PBs. These findings shed light on the impact of in situ PBs on methane and carbon dioxide emissions and DOM transformation, providing new insights for understanding carbon cycling in paddy soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaofu Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiahuan Tang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shungui Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Nandy A, Farkas D, Pepió-Tárrega B, Martinez-Crespiera S, Borràs E, Avignone-Rossa C, Di Lorenzo M. Influence of carbon-based cathodes on biofilm composition and electrochemical performance in soil microbial fuel cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 16:100276. [PMID: 37206316 PMCID: PMC10189395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing energy demands and environmental pollution concerns press for sustainable and environmentally friendly technologies. Soil microbial fuel cell (SMFC) technology has great potential for carbon-neutral bioenergy generation and self-powered electrochemical bioremediation. In this study, an in-depth assessment on the effect of several carbon-based cathode materials on the electrochemical performance of SMFCs is provided for the first time. An innovative carbon nanofibers electrode doped with Fe (CNFFe) is used as cathode material in membrane-less SMFCs, and the performance of the resulting device is compared with SMFCs implementing either Pt-doped carbon cloth (PtC), carbon cloth, or graphite felt (GF) as the cathode. Electrochemical analyses are integrated with microbial analyses to assess the impact on both electrogenesis and microbial composition of the anodic and cathodic biofilm. The results show that CNFFe and PtC generate very stable performances, with a peak power density (with respect to the cathode geometric area) of 25.5 and 30.4 mW m-2, respectively. The best electrochemical performance was obtained with GF, with a peak power density of 87.3 mW m-2. Taxonomic profiling of the microbial communities revealed differences between anodic and cathodic communities. The anodes were predominantly enriched with Geobacter and Pseudomonas species, while cathodic communities were dominated by hydrogen-producing and hydrogenotrophic bacteria, indicating H2 cycling as a possible electron transfer mechanism. The presence of nitrate-reducing bacteria, combined with the results of cyclic voltammograms, suggests microbial nitrate reduction occurred on GF cathodes. The results of this study can contribute to the development of effective SMFC design strategies for field implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Nandy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics & Biodevices (C3Bio), University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Daniel Farkas
- Department of Microbial Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Belén Pepió-Tárrega
- LEITAT Technological Center, C/ de la Innovació, 2, 08225, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Eduard Borràs
- LEITAT Technological Center, C/ de la Innovació, 2, 08225, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mirella Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics & Biodevices (C3Bio), University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, UK
- Corresponding author.
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Kumar V, Vangnai AS, Sharma N, Kaur K, Chakraborty P, Umesh M, Singhal B, Utreja D, Carrasco EU, Andler R, Awasthi MK, Taherzadeh MJ. Bioengineering of biowaste to recover bioproducts and bioenergy: A circular economy approach towards sustainable zero-waste environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 319:138005. [PMID: 36731660 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The inevitable need for waste valorisation and management has revolutionized the way in which the waste is visualised as a potential biorefinery for various product development rather than offensive trash. Biowaste has emerged as a potential feedstock to produce several value-added products. Bioenergy generation is one of the potential applications originating from the valorisation of biowaste. Bioenergy production requires analysis and optimization of various parameters such as biowaste composition and conversion potential to develop innovative and sustainable technologies for most effective utilization of biowaste with enhanced bioenergy production. In this context, feedstocks, such as food, agriculture, beverage, and municipal solid waste act as promising resources to produce renewable energy. Similarly, the concept of microbial fuel cells employing biowaste has clearly gained research focus in the past few decades. Despite of these potential benefits, the area of bioenergy generation still is in infancy and requires more interdisciplinary research to be sustainable alternatives. This review is aimed at analysing the bioconversion potential of biowaste to renewable energy. The possibility of valorising underutilized biowaste substrates is elaborately presented. In addition, the application and efficiency of microbial fuel cells in utilizing biowaste are described in detail taking into consideration of its great scope. Furthermore, the review addresses the significance bioreactor development for energy production along with major challenges and future prospects in bioenergy production. Based on this review it can be concluded that bioenergy production utilizing biowaste can clearly open new avenues in the field of waste valorisation and energy research. Systematic and strategic developments considering the techno economic feasibilities of this excellent energy generation process will make them a true sustainable alternative for conventional energy sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Ecotoxicity and Bioconversion Laboratory, Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Thandalam, 602105, India.
| | - Alisa S Vangnai
- Center of Excellence in Biocatalyst and Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Neha Sharma
- Metagenomics and Bioprocess Design Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Komalpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Pritha Chakraborty
- School of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Jain (Deemed to Be) University, Whitefield, Bangalore-66, India
| | - Mridul Umesh
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Barkha Singhal
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Divya Utreja
- Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | | | - Rodrigo Andler
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Centro de Biotecnología de Los Recursos Naturales (Cenbio), Universidad Católica Del Maule, Chile
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
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