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Eriksson ANM, Dubiel J, Alcaraz AJ, Doering JA, Wiseman S. Far from Their Origins: A Transcriptomic Investigation on How 2,4-Di-tert-butyl-6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) Phenol Affects Rainbow Trout Alevins. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:2026-2038. [PMID: 38923588 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) are a group of widely used chemicals added to a variety of consumer (e.g., plastics) and industrial (e.g., metal coating) goods. Although detected globally as an environmentally persistent pollutant, BUVSs have received relatively little toxicological attention and only recently have been acknowledged to affect development and the endocrine system in vivo. In our previous study, altered behavior, indicative of potential neurotoxicity, was observed among rainbow trout alevins (day 14 posthatching) that were microinjected as embryos with a single environmentally relevant dose of 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) phenol (UV-327). In the present follow-up study, we performed whole-transcriptome profiling (RNA sequencing) of newly hatched alevins from the same batch. The primary aim was to identify biomarkers related to behavior and neurology. Dose-specifically, 1 to 176 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. In the group presenting altered behavior (273.4 ng g-1), 176 DEGs were identified, yet only a fraction was related to neurological functions, including water, calcium, and potassium homeostasis; acetylcholine transmission and signaling; as well insulin and energy metabolism. The second objective was to estimate the transcriptomic point of departure (tPOD) and assess if point estimate(s) are protective of altered behavior. A tPOD was established at 35 to 94 ng UV-327 g-1 egg, making this tPOD protective of behavioral alterations. Holistically, these transcriptomic alterations provide a foundation for future research on how BUVSs can influence rainbow trout alevin development, while providing support to the hypothesis that UV-327 can influence neurogenesis and subsequent behavioral endpoints. The exact structural and functional changes caused by embryonic exposure to UV-327 remain enigmatic and will require extensive investigation before being deciphered and understood toxicologically. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2026-2038. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas N M Eriksson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Justin Dubiel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alper James Alcaraz
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jon A Doering
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Steve Wiseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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Zhang M, Li Y, Zhang S, Li L, Chen Q, Hou X. Matrix complete dissolution concatenated biochar magnetic solid-phase extraction of benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers in polyester fibers prior to UPLC-MS/MS analysis. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:496. [PMID: 38038777 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Matrix complete dissolution combined with magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) was applied to extract four benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) from polyester curtains. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was coupled to perform the content of trace BUVSs. The procedure was being developed in two steps. The polymer matrix was initially thoroughly dissolved by 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) followed by the addition of precipitant to separate the target from the dissolved polymer matrix. Next, triiron tetraoxide/biochar magnetic material was prepared and utilized as the sorbent for purification of the extract. Ultrasonic extraction coupled with the MSPE method and the proposed method was compared. Better extraction recovery of four BUVSs was acquired by the novel developed extraction method. The purification effect of the new extraction method was established by comparing the matrix effect of the polymer complete dissolution method and the polymer complete dissolution combined with the MSPE method. The extraction parameters were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, correlation coefficient (r) ranging from 0.9969 to 0.9997, limit of detection of 0.2 to 0.8 ng·g-1, and the recovery varied from 81.5 to 102.7% with RSD smaller than 10.7% were obtained for four BUVSs, respectively. This study provides a potential strategy for the efficient extraction and sensitive determination of BUVSs in polyester fibers samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijia Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaohong Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang ZY, Xu YH, Chen KY, Zhang MH, Meng CY, Wang XS, Wang MM. Flower-like molybdenum disulfide/cobalt ferrite composite for the extraction of benzotriazole UV stabilizers in environmental samples. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:75. [PMID: 36700977 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BUVSs) are a class of emerging contaminants of concern; the development of rapid and convenient monitoring method for these trace-level pollutants in waters is of crucial significance in environmental science. Here, a novel magnetic flower-like molybdenum disulfide/cobalt ferrite nanocomposite (MoS2/CoFe2O4) was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction. Compared with the conventional Fe3O4-based magnetic composites, the proposed material just required a minimum consumption of Co/Fe towards the equivalent of MoS2 while providing superior magnetization performance. Taking advantages of high adsorption capacity, extraordinary stability, and repeatability in construction, MoS2/CoFe2O4 was applied to the extraction to BUVSs. The enrichment factors of three BUVSs were in the range 164-193 when 20 mL of environmental water sample was loaded on 40 mg of the adsorbent. MoS2/CoFe2O4 could be regenerated and recycled at least 10 cycles of adsorption/desorption with recoveries of 80.1-111%. The method of MoS2/CoFe2O4-based extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-variable wavelength detector was applied to the monitoring of BUVSs in seawater, lake water, and wastewater, which gave detection limits (S/N = 3) of 0.023-0.030 ng·mL-1 and recoveries of 80.1-110%. The intra-day and inter-day precisions (relative standard deviation, RSDs, n = 3) were in the range 1.6-7.5% and 3.2-11.5%, respectively. The approach is an alternative for efficient and sensitive extraction and determination of trace-level environmental pollutants in waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yang Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, CaofeidianHebei, 063210, Tangshan, China
| | - Yi-Heng Xu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, CaofeidianHebei, 063210, Tangshan, China
| | - Ke-Yan Chen
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, CaofeidianHebei, 063210, Tangshan, China
| | - Mei-Hang Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, CaofeidianHebei, 063210, Tangshan, China
| | - Chun-Yan Meng
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, CaofeidianHebei, 063210, Tangshan, China
| | - Xue-Sheng Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, CaofeidianHebei, 063210, Tangshan, China
| | - Man-Man Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, CaofeidianHebei, 063210, Tangshan, China.
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