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Butt AK, Patel J, Shirwany H, Mirza Q, Hoover J, Khouzam RN. Beneficial Extracardiac Effects of Cardiovascular Medications. Curr Cardiol Rev 2022; 18:e151021197270. [PMID: 34779371 PMCID: PMC9413730 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x17666211015145132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death worldwide, with cardiovascular medications being amongst the most common medications prescribed. These medications have diverse effects on the heart, vascular system, as well as other tissues and organ systems. The extra cardiovascular effects have been found to be of use in the treatment of non-cardiovascular diseases and pathologies. Minoxidil is used to manage systemic hypertension with its well-known side effect of hirsutism used to treat alopecia and baldness. Sildenafil was originally investigated as a treatment option for systemic hypertension; however, its side effect of penile erection led to it being widely used for erectile dysfunction. Alpha-1 blockers such as terazosin are indicated to treat systemic hypertension but are more commonly used for benign prostatic hyperplasia and post-traumatic stress disorder. Beta blockers are the mainstay treatment for congestive heart failure and systemic hypertension but have been found useful to help in patients with intention tremors as well as prophylaxis of migraines. Similarly, calcium channel blockers are indicated in medical expulsion therapy for ureteric calculi in addition to their cardiovascular indications. Thiazides are commonly used for treating systemic hypertension and as diuretics. Thiazides can cause hypocalciuria and hypercalcemia. This side effect has led to thiazides being used to treat idiopathic hypercalciuria and associated nephrolithiasis. Spironolactone is commonly utilized in treating heart failure and as a diuretic for edema. It's well described anti-androgen side effects have been used for acne vulgaris and hirsutism in polycystic ovarian syndrome. This review article discusses how the various extracardiovascular effects of commonly used cardiovascular medications are put to use in managing non-cardiovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asra K. Butt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA
| | - Jay Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Hamid Shirwany
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Qasim Mirza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jonathan Hoover
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Rami N. Khouzam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Žnidarič M, Žurga ŽM, Maver U. Design of In Vitro Hair Follicles for Different Applications in the Treatment of Alopecia-A Review. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040435. [PMID: 33923738 PMCID: PMC8072628 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hair research field has seen great improvement in recent decades, with in vitro hair follicle (HF) models being extensively developed. However, due to the cellular complexity and number of various molecular interactions that must be coordinated, a fully functional in vitro model of HFs remains elusive. The most common bioengineering approach to grow HFs in vitro is to manipulate their features on cellular and molecular levels, with dermal papilla cells being the main focus. In this study, we focus on providing a better understanding of HFs in general and how they behave in vitro. The first part of the review presents skin morphology with an emphasis on HFs and hair loss. The remainder of the paper evaluates cells, materials, and methods of in vitro growth of HFs. Lastly, in vitro models and assays for evaluating the effects of active compounds on alopecia and hair growth are presented, with the final emphasis on applications of in vitro HFs in hair transplantation. Since the growth of in vitro HFs is a complicated procedure, there is still a great number of unanswered questions aimed at understanding the long-term cycling of HFs without losing inductivity. Incorporating other regions of HFs that lead to the successful formation of different hair classes remains a difficult challenge.
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Bennardo L, Del Duca E, Dastoli S, Schipani G, Scali E, Silvestri M, Nisticò SP. Potential applications of topical oxygen therapy in dermatology. Dermatol Pract Concept 2018; 8:272-276. [PMID: 30479854 PMCID: PMC6246052 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.0804a04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Topical oxygen therapy is a cosmetic procedure that is becoming more and more popular in dermatology; however, only a few articles on this topic are present in the literature. In this work we report our group experience with oxygen therapy as an adjuvant treatment in various dermatological conditions. Methods Four studies were conducted. In the first study we used vehiculated oxygen therapy for diseases that cause hair loss. In the second study oxygen was used in the treatment of mild acne. In the third study moderate acne was treated with topical oxygen. In the fourth study chronic dermatological conditions such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis were treated with this procedure. Results In studies 1 and 2 the outcomes in groups who used topical oxygen therapy as an adjuvant treatment were better than in the groups that did not use it. Studies 3 and 4 also showed very good results, but no control groups were present in the study. Conclusion Topical oxygen therapy was useful in the treatment of hair loss conditions, mild and moderate acne, and in chronic cutaneous diseases, showing effectiveness as a support therapy in all of these conditions. Further and larger studies should be conducted to better evaluate its effectiveness in dermatological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Bennardo
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Dermatology, Unit of Dermatology, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ester Del Duca
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Dastoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Dermatology, Unit of Dermatology, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giusy Schipani
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Dermatology, Unit of Dermatology, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Scali
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Dermatology, Unit of Dermatology, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Martina Silvestri
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Dermatology, Unit of Dermatology, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Steven P Nisticò
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Dermatology, Unit of Dermatology, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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Grace SA, Sutton AM, Abraham N, Armbrecht ES, Vidal CI. Presence of Mast Cells and Mast Cell Degranulation in Scalp Biopsies of Telogen Effluvium. Int J Trichology 2017; 9:25-29. [PMID: 28761261 PMCID: PMC5514792 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_43_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telogen effluvium (TE) is a type of acquired, diffuse alopecia that occurs due to an abnormal shift of scalp hair follicles from anagen to telogen, leading to premature shedding of hair. Previous studies have suggested the existence of a neuroimmunologic "brain-hair follicle" axis, in which mast cells have been implicated as an important link between the nervous system and immunologic system. OBJECTIVE The current study sought to investigate the role of mast cell presence and mast cell degranulation in the pathogenesis of TE. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mast cells were counted using Giemsa and tryptase immunohistochemical stains in scalp biopsy specimens with the pathologic diagnosis of TE (TE, n = 10), alopecia areata (AA, n = 7), and androgenic alopecia (ANDRO, n = 9). RESULTS We found significant (P < 0.001) group-level differences between the mean mast cell counts per high-power fields for each type of alopecia studied. Tukey post hoc analysis showed the mean mast cell count for TE to be significantly larger than AA for both Giemsa (P = 0.002) and tryptase (P = 0.006); significantly larger than ANDRO for both Giemsa (P < 0.001) and tryptase (P < 0.001); and significantly larger when compared to normal scalp skin for both Giemsa (P < 0.001) and tryptase (P < 0.001). No significant difference of mean mast cell counts was observed for AA compared to ANDRO for Giemsa (P = 0.373) or tryptase (P = 0.598) stains. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that mast cells could play a role in mediating stress-induced hair loss seen in TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane A Grace
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Angela M Sutton
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nina Abraham
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric S Armbrecht
- Center for Health Outcomes Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Claudia I Vidal
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Fatani M, Bin mahfoz A, Mahdi A, Alafif K, Hussain W, Khan A, Banjar A. Prevalence and factors associated with telogen effluvium in adult females at Makkah region, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study. JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY & DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdds.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Ucak H, Cicek D, Demir B, Erden I, Ozturk S. Prognostic factors that affect the response to topical treatment in patchy alopecia areata. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ucak H, Kandi B, Cicek D, Halisdemir N, Dertlıoğlu SB. The comparison of treatment with clobetasol propionate 0.05% and topical pimecrolimus 1% treatment in the treatment of alopecia areata. J DERMATOL TREAT 2011; 23:410-20. [PMID: 21787210 DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2011.590788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-scarring hair loss. OBJECTIVE We aimed the comparison of clobetasol propionate and pimecrolimus efficiency and tolerability in the treatment of AA. METHODS The study included a total of 100 consecutive patients with AA. Patients were randomized into four groups. 30 patients used 1% pimecrolimus cream, 30 patients used 0.05% clobetasol propionate cream, 20 patients used petrolatum as placebo. Scalp of 20 patients was divided into two equal areas and one area was treated with 1% pimecrolimus cream and the other area with 0.05% clobetasol propionate cream. RESULTS At week 12 of treatment, the recovery rate of the pimecrolimus group was 53.73 ± 44.49 and the recovery score was 3.63 ± 2.07; that of the clobetasol propionate group was 47.00 ± 44.80 and the recovery score was 3.33 ± 2.20; that of the placebo group was 35.50 ± 40.53 and the recovery score was 2.75 ± 1.88. There was no statistically significant difference among the groups in terms of the percentage of recovery and the recovery score (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In conclusion, we detected that topical pimecrolimus treatment is as effective as topical corticosteroids and is superior to topical corticosteroids in terms of side effects in the treatment of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydar Ucak
- Elazig Education and Research Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Elazig, Turkey.
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Farshi S, Mansouri P, Safar F, Khiabanloo SR. Could azathioprine be considered as a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of alopecia areata? A pilot study. Int J Dermatol 2010; 49:1188-93. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Durusoy C, Ozenli Y, Adiguzel A, Budakoglu IY, Tugal O, Arikan S, Uslu A, Gulec AT. The role of psychological factors and serum zinc, folate and vitamin B12 levels in the aetiology of trichodynia: a case-control study. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009; 34:789-92. [PMID: 19508569 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.03165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous dysaesthesia syndromes are characterized by chronic cutaneous symptoms without objective findings, and their aetiologies are obscure. Trichodynia describes pain and a stinging sensation of the scalp related to diffuse alopecia. AIMS To determine the prevalence rate of trichodynia in patients with diffuse alopecia; to assess the serum zinc, folate and vitamin B(12) levels; and to investigate the significance of psychological disorders in these patients. METHODS The study comprised 91 patients with a diagnosis of diffuse hair loss and 74 healthy controls. Patients were questioned about the presence of trichodynia, and their serum zinc, folate and vitamin B(12) levels were assessed. They were also evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ). RESULTS The rates of androgenetic alopecia and telogen effluvium were 26.4% and 73.6%, respectively, Trichodynia was found in 30 patients (33%), and was more common in the telogen effluvium group than in the androgenetic alopecia group (P = 0.5). There was no significant difference between the patients with alopecia and controls for zinc, folate and vitamin B(12) levels, or for psychological test scores. However, the BDI and SDQ scores were significantly higher (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01, respectively) in patients with than those in without trichodynia. CONCLUSIONS Trichodynia is a commonly encountered symptom in patients with diffuse alopecia, and depression and somatoform dissociation disorders may play an important role in its aetiology. Our data provide no evidence that serum levels of zinc, folate or vitamin B(12) are involved in the pathogenesis of trichodynia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Durusoy
- Department of Dermatology, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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Imura K, Yoshioka T, Hikita I, Tsukahara K, Hirasawa T, Higashino K, Gahara Y, Arimura A, Sakata T. Influence of TRPV3 mutation on hair growth cycle in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 363:479-83. [PMID: 17888882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.08.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 08/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that Gly573Ser substitution of the transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V member 3 (TRPV3) caused hair loss in DS-Nh mice. To further elucidate the effects of this mutation on the development of the spontaneous hairless phenotype, we examined the temperature-response to epidermal sheets from DS-Nh and DS mice. It was indicated that the mutation was gain-of-function. We also performed genetic and histological analyses with both strain skins. DNA microarray data revealed that the levels of keratin-associated protein 16-1, 16-3, and 16-9 genes related to the anagen phase were decreased in the skins of DS-Nh mice compared with those of three days old DS mice. Histological analysis revealed that the anagen phase persisted in DS-Nh mice, and that the telogen phase was seen in DS but not DS-Nh mice at 21 days of age. Regulation of TRPV3 appears to be important for appropriate hair development in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinichi Imura
- Department of Biosystems Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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