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Awuah WA, Ben-Jaafar A, Karkhanis S, Nkrumah-Boateng PA, Kong JSH, Mannan KM, Shet V, Imran S, Bone M, Boye ANA, Ranganathan S, Shah MH, Abdul-Rahman T, Atallah O. Cancer stem cells in meningiomas: novel insights and therapeutic implications. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03728-6. [PMID: 39316249 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Meningiomas (MGs), which arise from meningothelial cells of the dura mater, represent a significant proportion of primary tumours of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite advances in treatment, the management of malignant meningioma (MMG) remains challenging due to diagnostic, surgical, and resection limitations. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation within tumours capable of self-renewal and differentiation, are highlighted as key markers of tumour growth, metastasis, and treatment resistance. Identifying additional CSC-related markers enhances the precision of malignancy evaluations, enabling advancements in personalised medicine. The review discusses key CSC biomarkers that are associated with high levels of expression, aggressive tumour behaviour, and poor outcomes. Recent molecular research has identified CSC-related biomarkers, including Oct-4, Sox2, NANOG, and CD133, which help maintain cellular renewal, proliferation, and drug resistance in MGs. This study highlights new therapeutic strategies that could improve patient prognosis with more durable tumour regression. The use of combination therapies, such as hydroxyurea alongside diltiazem, suggests more efficient and effective MG management compared to monotherapy. Signalling pathways such as NOTCH and hedgehog also offer additional avenues for therapeutic development. CRISPR/Cas9 technology has also been employed to create meningioma models, uncovering pathways related to cell growth and proliferation. Since the efficacy of traditional therapies is limited in most cases due to resistance mechanisms in CSCs, further studies on the biology of CSCs are warranted to develop therapeutic interventions that are likely to be effective in MG. Consequently, improved diagnostic approaches may lead to personalised treatment plans tailored to the specific needs of each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Ben-Jaafar
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | | | - Jonathan Sing Huk Kong
- School of Medicine, College of Medical & Veterinary Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Krishitha Meenu Mannan
- School of Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Belfast, UK
| | - Vallabh Shet
- University of Connecticut New Britain Program, New Britain, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shahzeb Imran
- School of Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Belfast, UK
| | - Matan Bone
- Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Oday Atallah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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2
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Xiao R, Hu S, Du X, Wang Y, Fang K, Zhu Y, Lou N, Yuan C, Yang J. Revolutionizing Senescence Detection: Advancements from Traditional Methods to Cutting-Edge Techniques. Aging Dis 2024:AD.202.0565. [PMID: 39012669 DOI: 10.14336/ad.202.0565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells is an important factor in the complex progression of aging, with significant implications for the development of numerous diseases. Thus, understanding the fundamental mechanisms of senescence is paramount for advancing preventive and therapeutic approaches to age-related conditions. Important to this pursuit is the precise identification and examination of senescent cells, contingent upon the recognition of specific biomarkers. Historically, detection methods relied on assessing molecular protein and mRNA levels and various staining techniques. While these conventional approaches have contributed substantially to the field, they possess limitations in capturing the dynamic evolution of cellular aging in real time. The emergence of novel technologies has led to a paradigm shift in senescence research. Gene-edited mouse models and the application of advanced probes have revolutionized our ability to detect senescent cells. These cutting-edge methodologies provide a more detailed and accurate means of dynamically monitoring, characterizing and potentially eliminating senescent cells, thus enhancing our understanding of the complex mechanisms of aging. This review comprehensively explores both traditional and innovative senescent cell detection methods, elucidating their advantages, limitations and implications for future investigations and could serve as a comprehensive guide and catalyst for further advancements in the understanding of aging and associated pathologies.
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3
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Suurmond CAE, Leeuwenburgh SCG, van den Beucken JJJP. Modelling bone metastasis in spheroids to study cancer progression and screen cisplatin efficacy. Cell Prolif 2024:e13693. [PMID: 38899562 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Most bone metastases are caused by primary breast or prostate cancer cells settling in the bone microenvironment, affecting normal bone physiology and function and reducing 5-year survival rates to 10% and 6%, respectively. To expedite clinical availability of novel and effective bone metastases treatments, reliable and predictive in vitro models are urgently required to screen for novel therapies as current in vitro 2D planar mono-culture models do not accurately predict the clinical efficacy. We herein engineered a novel human in vitro 3D co-culture model based on spheroids to study dynamic cellular quantities of (breast or prostate) cancer cells and human bone marrow stromal cells and screen chemotherapeutic efficacy and specificity of the common anticancer drug cisplatin. Bone metastatic spheroids (BMSs) were formed rapidly within 24 h, while the morphology of breast versus prostate cancer BMS differed in terms of size and circularity upon prolonged culture periods. Prestaining cell types prior to BMS formation enabled confocal imaging and quantitative image analysis of in-spheroid cellular dynamics for up to 7 days of BMS culture. We found that cancer cells in BMS proliferated faster and were less susceptible to cisplatin treatment compared to 2D control cultures. Based on these findings and the versatility of our methodology, BMS represent a feasible 3D in vitro model for screening of new bone cancer metastases therapies.
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Hassanzadeh-Barforoushi A, Tukova A, Nadalini A, Inglis DW, Chang-Hao Tsao S, Wang Y. Microfluidic-SERS Technologies for CTC: A Perspective on Clinical Translation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38652011 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Enumeration and phenotypic profiling of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) provide critical information for clinical diagnosis and treatment monitoring in cancer. To achieve this goal, an integrated system is needed to efficiently isolate CTCs from patient samples and sensitively evaluate their phenotypes. Such integration would comprise a high-throughput single-cell processing unit for the isolation and manipulation of CTCs and a sensitive and multiplexed quantitation unit to detect clinically relevant signals from these cells. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been used as an analytical method for molecular profiling and in vitro cancer diagnosis. More recently, its multiplexing capability and power to create distinct molecular signatures against their targets have garnered attention. Here, we share our insights into the combined power of microfluidics and SERS in realizing CTC isolation, enumeration, and detection from a clinical translation perspective. We highlight the key operational factors in CTC microfluidic processing and SERS detection from patient samples. We further discuss microfluidic-SERS integration and its clinical utility as a paradigm shift in clinical CTC-based cancer diagnosis and prognostication. Finally, we summarize the challenges and attempt to look forward to what lies ahead of us in potentially translating the technique into real clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Hassanzadeh-Barforoushi
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Anastasiia Tukova
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Audrey Nadalini
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - David W Inglis
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Simon Chang-Hao Tsao
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Yuling Wang
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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5
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Maleszewska M, Wojnicki K, Mieczkowski J, Król SK, Jacek K, Śmiech M, Kocyk M, Ciechomska IA, Bujko M, Siedlecki J, Kotulska K, Grajkowska W, Zawadzka M, Kaminska B. DMRTA2 supports glioma stem-cell mediated neovascularization in glioblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:228. [PMID: 38509074 PMCID: PMC10954651 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal brain tumor in adults. Due to its fast proliferation, diffusive growth and therapy resistance survival times are less than two years for patients with IDH-wildtype GBM. GBM is noted for the considerable cellular heterogeneity, high stemness indices and abundance of the glioma stem-like cells known to support tumor progression, therapeutic resistance and recurrence. Doublesex- and mab-3-related transcription factor a2 (DMRTA2) is involved in maintaining neural progenitor cells (NPC) in the cell cycle and its overexpression suppresses NPC differentiation. Despite the reports showing that primary GBM originates from transformed neural stem/progenitors cells, the role of DMRTA2 in gliomagenesis has not been elucidated so far. Here we show the upregulation of DMRTA2 expression in malignant gliomas. Immunohistochemical staining showed the protein concentrated in small cells with high proliferative potential and cells localized around blood vessels, where it colocalizes with pericyte-specific markers. Knock-down of DMRTA2 in human glioma cells impairs proliferation but not viability of the cells, and affects the formation of the tumor spheres, as evidenced by strong decrease in the number and size of spheres in in vitro cultures. Moreover, the knockdown of DMRTA2 in glioma spheres affects the stabilization of the glioma stem-like cell-dependent tube formation in an in vitro angiogenesis assay. We conclude that DMRTA2 is a new player in gliomagenesis and tumor neovascularization and due to its high expression in malignant gliomas could be a biomarker and potential target for new therapeutic strategies in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maleszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kamil Wojnicki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Mieczkowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia K Król
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Jacek
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Śmiech
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kocyk
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona A Ciechomska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bujko
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Siedlecki
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kotulska
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiesława Grajkowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zawadzka
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Plasticity, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Swaffer MP, Marinov GK, Zheng H, Fuentes Valenzuela L, Tsui CY, Jones AW, Greenwood J, Kundaje A, Greenleaf WJ, Reyes-Lamothe R, Skotheim JM. RNA polymerase II dynamics and mRNA stability feedback scale mRNA amounts with cell size. Cell 2023; 186:5254-5268.e26. [PMID: 37944513 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental feature of cellular growth is that total protein and RNA amounts increase with cell size to keep concentrations approximately constant. A key component of this is that global transcription rates increase in larger cells. Here, we identify RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) as the limiting factor scaling mRNA transcription with cell size in budding yeast, as transcription is highly sensitive to the dosage of RNAPII but not to other components of the transcriptional machinery. Our experiments support a dynamic equilibrium model where global RNAPII transcription at a given size is set by the mass action recruitment kinetics of unengaged nucleoplasmic RNAPII to the genome. However, this only drives a sub-linear increase in transcription with size, which is then partially compensated for by a decrease in mRNA decay rates as cells enlarge. Thus, limiting RNAPII and feedback on mRNA stability work in concert to scale mRNA amounts with cell size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgi K Marinov
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Huan Zheng
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | | | - Crystal Yee Tsui
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Jan M Skotheim
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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7
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Esposito C, Janneh M, Spaziani S, Calcagno V, Bernardi ML, Iammarino M, Verdone C, Tagliamonte M, Buonaguro L, Pisco M, Aversano L, Cusano A. Assessment of Primary Human Liver Cancer Cells by Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Raman Spectroscopy. Cells 2023; 12:2645. [PMID: 37998378 PMCID: PMC10670489 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the possibility of using Raman spectroscopy assisted by artificial intelligence methods to identify liver cancer cells and distinguish them from their Non-Tumor counterpart. To this aim, primary liver cells (40 Tumor and 40 Non-Tumor cells) obtained from resected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor tissue and the adjacent non-tumor area (negative control) were analyzed by Raman micro-spectroscopy. Preliminarily, the cells were analyzed morphologically and spectrally. Then, three machine learning approaches, including multivariate models and neural networks, were simultaneously investigated and successfully used to analyze the cells' Raman data. The results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted Raman spectroscopy for Tumor cell classification and prediction with an accuracy of nearly 90% of correct predictions on a single spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Esposito
- Optoelectronic Division-Engineering Department, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- Centro Regionale Information Communication Technology (CeRICT Scrl), 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.L.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Mohammed Janneh
- Optoelectronic Division-Engineering Department, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- Centro Regionale Information Communication Technology (CeRICT Scrl), 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.L.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Sara Spaziani
- Optoelectronic Division-Engineering Department, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- Centro Regionale Information Communication Technology (CeRICT Scrl), 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.L.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Calcagno
- Optoelectronic Division-Engineering Department, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- Centro Regionale Information Communication Technology (CeRICT Scrl), 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.L.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Mario Luca Bernardi
- Centro Regionale Information Communication Technology (CeRICT Scrl), 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.L.B.); (L.B.)
- Informatics Group, Engineering Department, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Martina Iammarino
- Centro Regionale Information Communication Technology (CeRICT Scrl), 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.L.B.); (L.B.)
- Informatics Group, Engineering Department, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Chiara Verdone
- Centro Regionale Information Communication Technology (CeRICT Scrl), 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.L.B.); (L.B.)
- Informatics Group, Engineering Department, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Maria Tagliamonte
- Centro Regionale Information Communication Technology (CeRICT Scrl), 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.L.B.); (L.B.)
- National Cancer Institute-IRCCS “Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 52, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Centro Regionale Information Communication Technology (CeRICT Scrl), 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.L.B.); (L.B.)
- National Cancer Institute-IRCCS “Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 52, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Pisco
- Optoelectronic Division-Engineering Department, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- Centro Regionale Information Communication Technology (CeRICT Scrl), 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.L.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Lerina Aversano
- Centro Regionale Information Communication Technology (CeRICT Scrl), 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.L.B.); (L.B.)
- Informatics Group, Engineering Department, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Andrea Cusano
- Optoelectronic Division-Engineering Department, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- Centro Regionale Information Communication Technology (CeRICT Scrl), 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.L.B.); (L.B.)
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Qiu L, Su Y, Xu KM, Cui H, Zheng D, Zhu Y, Li L, Li F, Zhao W. A high-precision multi-dimensional microspectroscopic technique for morphological and properties analysis of cancer cell. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:129. [PMID: 37248287 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Raman and Brillouin scattering are sensitive approaches to detect chemical composition and mechanical elasticity pathology of cells in cancer development and their medical treatment researches. The application is, however, suffering from the lack of ability to synchronously acquire the scattering signals following three-dimensional (3D) cell morphology with reasonable spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. Herein, we propose a divided-aperture laser differential confocal 3D Geometry-Raman-Brillouin microscopic detection technology, by which reflection, Raman, and Brillouin scattering signals are simultaneously in situ collected in real time with an axial focusing accuracy up to 1 nm, in the height range of 200 μm. The divided aperture improves the anti-noise capability of the system, and the noise influence depth of Raman detection reduces by 35.4%, and the Brillouin extinction ratio increases by 22 dB. A high-precision multichannel microspectroscopic system containing these functions is developed, which is utilized to study gastric cancer tissue. As a result, a 25% reduction of collagen concentration, 42% increase of DNA substances, 17% and 9% decrease in viscosity and elasticity are finely resolved from the 3D mappings. These findings indicate that our system can be a powerful tool to study cancer development new therapies at the sub-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Qiu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Complex-field Intelligent Exploration, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhao Su
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Complex-field Intelligent Exploration, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Mi Xu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Complex-field Intelligent Exploration, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Han Cui
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Complex-field Intelligent Exploration, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Dezhi Zheng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Complex-field Intelligent Exploration, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanmin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aerospace Central Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aerospace Central Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Pathology, Aerospace Central Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqian Zhao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Complex-field Intelligent Exploration, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China.
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de Morree A, Rando TA. Regulation of adult stem cell quiescence and its functions in the maintenance of tissue integrity. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:334-354. [PMID: 36922629 PMCID: PMC10725182 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are important for mammalian tissues, where they act as a cell reserve that supports normal tissue turnover and can mount a regenerative response following acute injuries. Quiescent stem cells are well established in certain tissues, such as skeletal muscle, brain, and bone marrow. The quiescent state is actively controlled and is essential for long-term maintenance of stem cell pools. In this Review, we discuss the importance of maintaining a functional pool of quiescent adult stem cells, including haematopoietic stem cells, skeletal muscle stem cells, neural stem cells, hair follicle stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells such as fibro-adipogenic progenitors, to ensure tissue maintenance and repair. We discuss the molecular mechanisms that regulate the entry into, maintenance of, and exit from the quiescent state in mice. Recent studies revealed that quiescent stem cells have a discordance between RNA and protein levels, indicating the importance of post-transcriptional mechanisms, such as alternative polyadenylation, alternative splicing, and translation repression, in the control of stem cell quiescence. Understanding how these mechanisms guide stem cell function during homeostasis and regeneration has important implications for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine de Morree
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair, and Restoration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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10
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Winkelmaier G, Jabbari K, Chien LC, Grabham P, Parvin B, Pluth J. Influence of Simulated Microgravity on Mammary Epithelial Cells Grown as 2D and 3D Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087615. [PMID: 37108776 PMCID: PMC10140931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During space travel, astronauts will experience a unique environment that includes continuous exposure to microgravity and stressful living conditions. Physiological adaptation to this is a challenge and the effect of microgravity on organ development, architecture, and function is not well understood. How microgravity may impact the growth and development of an organ is an important issue, especially as space flight becomes more commonplace. In this work, we sought to address fundamental questions regarding microgravity using mouse mammary epithelial cells in 2D and 3D tissue cultures exposed to simulated microgravity. Mouse mammary HC11 cells contain a higher proportion of stem cells and were also used to investigate how simulated microgravity may impact mammary stem cell populations. In these studies, we exposed mouse mammary epithelial cells to simulated microgravity in 2D and then assayed for changes in cellular characteristics and damage levels. The microgravity treated cells were also cultured in 3D to form acini structures to define if simulated microgravity affects the cells' ability to organize correctly, a quality that is of key importance for mammary organ development. These studies identify changes occurring during exposure to microgravity that impact cellular characteristics such as cell size, cell cycle profiles, and levels of DNA damage. In addition, changes in the percentage of cells revealing various stem cell profiles were observed following simulated microgravity exposure. In summary, this work suggests microgravity may cause aberrant changes in mammary epithelial cells that lead to an increase in cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Winkelmaier
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Kosar Jabbari
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Lung-Chang Chien
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Peter Grabham
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Bahram Parvin
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Janice Pluth
- Health Physics and Diagnostic Sciences Department, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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11
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Maciak S. Cell size, body size and Peto's paradox. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:142. [PMID: 36513976 PMCID: PMC9746147 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is one of the leading health concerns afflicting presumably every single animal species, including humans. Currently, cancer research expands considerably beyond medicine, becoming a focus in other branches of natural science. Accumulating evidence suggests that a proportional scale of tumor deaths involves domestic and wild animals and poses economical or conservation threats to many species. Therefore, understanding the genetic and physiological mechanisms of cancer initiation and its progression is essential for our future action and contingent prevention. From this perspective, I used an evolutionary-based approach to re-evaluate the baseline for debate around Peto's paradox. First, I review the background of information on which current understanding of Peto's paradox and evolutionary concept of carcinogenesis have been founded. The weak points and limitations of theoretical modeling or indirect reasoning in studies based on intraspecific, comparative studies of carcinogenesis are highlighted. This is then followed by detail discussion of an effect of the body mass in cancer research and the importance of cell size in consideration of body architecture; also, I note to the ambiguity around cell size invariance hypothesis and hard data for variability of cell size across species are provided. Finally, I point to the new research area that is driving concepts to identify exact molecular mechanisms promoting the process of tumorigenesis, which in turn may provide a proximate explanation of Peto's paradox. The novelty of the approach proposed therein lies in intraspecies testing of the effect of differentiation of cell size/number on the probability of carcinogenesis while controlling for the confounding effect of body mass/size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Maciak
- grid.25588.320000 0004 0620 6106Department of Evolutionary and Physiological Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, K. Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
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12
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Han XX, Jin S, Yu LM, Wang M, Hu XY, Hu DY, Ren J, Zhang MH, Huang W, Deng JJ, Chen QQ, Gao Z, He H, Cai C. Interferon-beta inhibits human glioma stem cell growth by modulating immune response and cell cycle related signaling pathways. CELL REGENERATION 2022; 11:23. [PMID: 35778531 PMCID: PMC9249963 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-022-00123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Malignant Glioma is characterized by strong self-renewal potential and immature differentiation potential. The main reason is that malignant glioma holds key cluster cells, glioma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs contribute to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, recurrence, and treatment resistance. Interferon-beta (IFN-β) is well known for its anti-proliferative efficacy in diverse cancers. IFN-β also displayed potent antitumor effects in malignant glioma. IFN-β affect both GSCs and Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the treatment of gliomas. However, the functional comparison, similar or different effects of IFN-β on GSCs and NSCs are rarely reported. Here, we studied the similarities and differences of the responses to IFN-β between human GSCs and normal NSCs. We found that IFN-β preferentially inhibited GSCs over NSCs. The cell body and nucleus size of GSCs increased after IFN-β treatment, and the genomic analysis revealed the enrichment of the upregulated immune response, cell adhesion genes and down regulated cell cycle, ribosome pathways. Several typical cyclin genes, including cyclin A2 (CCNA2), cyclin B1 (CCNB1), cyclin B2 (CCNB2), and cyclin D1 (CCND1), were significantly downregulated in GSCs after IFN-β stimulation. We also found that continuous IFN-β stimulation after passage further enhanced the inhibitory effect. Our study revealed how genetic diversity resulted in differential effects in response to IFN-β treatment. These results may contribute to improve the applications of IFN-β in anti-cancer immunotherapy. In addition, these results may also help to design more effective pharmacological strategies to target cancer stem cells while protecting normal neural stem cells.
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13
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Balachandra S, Sarkar S, Amodeo AA. The Nuclear-to-Cytoplasmic Ratio: Coupling DNA Content to Cell Size, Cell Cycle, and Biosynthetic Capacity. Annu Rev Genet 2022; 56:165-185. [PMID: 35977407 PMCID: PMC10165727 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-080320-030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Though cell size varies between different cells and across species, the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio is largely maintained across species and within cell types. A cell maintains a relatively constant N/C ratio by coupling DNA content, nuclear size, and cell size. We explore how cells couple cell division and growth to DNA content. In some cases, cells use DNA as a molecular yardstick to control the availability of cell cycle regulators. In other cases, DNA sets a limit for biosynthetic capacity. Developmentally programmed variations in the N/C ratio for a given cell type suggest that a specific N/C ratio is required to respond to given physiological demands. Recent observations connecting decreased N/C ratios with cellular senescence indicate that maintaining the proper N/C ratio is essential for proper cellular functioning. Together, these findings suggest a causative, not simply correlative, role for the N/C ratio in regulating cell growth and cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Balachandra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; ,
| | - Sharanya Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA;
| | - Amanda A Amodeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; ,
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14
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Davies DM, van den Handel K, Bharadwaj S, Lengefeld J. Cellular enlargement - A new hallmark of aging? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1036602. [PMID: 36438561 PMCID: PMC9688412 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1036602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Years of important research has revealed that cells heavily invest in regulating their size. Nevertheless, it has remained unclear why accurate size control is so important. Our recent study using hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vivo indicates that cellular enlargement is causally associated with aging. Here, we present an overview of these findings and their implications. Furthermore, we performed a broad literature analysis to evaluate the potential of cellular enlargement as a new aging hallmark and to examine its connection to previously described aging hallmarks. Finally, we highlight interesting work presenting a correlation between cell size and age-related diseases. Taken together, we found mounting evidence linking cellular enlargement to aging and age-related diseases. Therefore, we encourage researchers from seemingly unrelated areas to take a fresh look at their data from the perspective of cell size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Davies
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kim van den Handel
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Soham Bharadwaj
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jette Lengefeld
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Liu S, Tan C, Tyers M, Zetterberg A, Kafri R. What programs the size of animal cells? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:949382. [PMID: 36393871 PMCID: PMC9665425 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.949382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is programmed with definite quantities, magnitudes, and proportions. At the microscopic level, such definite sizes manifest in individual cells - different cell types are characterized by distinct cell sizes whereas cells of the same type are highly uniform in size. How do cells in a population maintain uniformity in cell size, and how are changes in target size programmed? A convergence of recent and historical studies suggest - just as a thermostat maintains room temperature - the size of proliferating animal cells is similarly maintained by homeostatic mechanisms. In this review, we first summarize old and new literature on the existence of cell size checkpoints, then discuss additional advances in the study of size homeostasis that involve feedback regulation of cellular growth rate. We further discuss recent progress on the molecules that underlie cell size checkpoints and mechanisms that specify target size setpoints. Lastly, we discuss a less-well explored teleological question: why does cell size matter and what is the functional importance of cell size control?
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ceryl Tan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mike Tyers
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anders Zetterberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ran Kafri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Inoue S, Imanishi M, Kanzaki A, Fujimoto A, Maeyama M, Okamoto A, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa K, Takahashi R. Role of Cancer Stem-like Cells in the Process of Invasion and Mesenchymal Transformation by a Reconstituted Triple-negative Breast Cancer Cell Population Resistant to p53-induced Apoptosis. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2022; 55:169-184. [PMID: 36405550 PMCID: PMC9631983 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.22-00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in a population of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells that are resistant to apoptosis. A human breast cancer cell population capable of inducing p53 expression with doxycycline (Dox) was created and used as an untreated control (UT). After the addition of Dox to UT for 5 days, the cell population reconstituted with cells showing resistance to apoptosis was named RE. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and immunostaining revealed that after the addition of Dox, the ratio of cells in the S and G2/M phases decreased in UT as apoptosis proceeded, but did not markedly change in apoptosis-resistant RE. CSC-like cells in RE exhibited a cell morphology with a larger ratio of the major/minor axis than UT. FACS showed that RE had a higher proportion of CSC-like cells and contained more CD44+CD24- mesenchymal CSCs than ALDH1A3+ epithelial-like CSCs. In a Matrigel invasion assay, UT was more likely to form a three-dimensional cell population, whereas RE exhibited a planar population, higher migration ability, and the up-regulated expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes. These results provide insights into the mechanisms by which TNBC cells acquire treatment resistance at the time of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miki Imanishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ai Kanzaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsumi Fujimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Marina Maeyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayaka Okamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroka Matsuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyotsugu Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rei Takahashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
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17
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Pentinmikko N, Lozano R, Scharaw S, Andersson S, Englund JI, Castillo-Azofeifa D, Gallagher A, Broberg M, Song KY, Sola Carvajal A, Speidel AT, Sundstrom M, Allbritton N, Stevens MM, Klein OD, Teixeira A, Katajisto P. Cellular shape reinforces niche to stem cell signaling in the small intestine. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm1847. [PMID: 36240269 PMCID: PMC9565803 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Niche-derived factors regulate tissue stem cells, but apart from the mechanosensory pathways, the effect of niche geometry is not well understood. We used organoids and bioengineered tissue culture platforms to demonstrate that the conical shape of Lgr5+ small intestinal stem cells (ISCs) facilitate their self-renewal and function. Inhibition of non-muscle myosin II (NM II)-driven apical constriction altered ISC shape and reduced niche curvature and stem cell capacity. Niche curvature is decreased in aged mice, suggesting that suboptimal interactions between old ISCs and their niche develop with age. We show that activation of NM IIC or physical restriction to young topology improves in vitro regeneration by old epithelium. We propose that the increase in lateral surface area of ISCs induced by apical constriction promotes interactions between neighboring cells, and the curved topology of the intestinal niche has evolved to maximize signaling between ISCs and neighboring cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalle Pentinmikko
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rodrigo Lozano
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra Scharaw
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Andersson
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna I. Englund
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David Castillo-Azofeifa
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Gallagher
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Broberg
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ki-Young Song
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agustín Sola Carvajal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessondra T. Speidel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Sundstrom
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy Allbritton
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Materials and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Ophir D. Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana Teixeira
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pekka Katajisto
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Molecular and Integrative Bioscience Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Sandlin CW, Gu S, Xu J, Deshpande C, Feldman MD, Good MC. Epithelial cell size dysregulation in human lung adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274091. [PMID: 36201559 PMCID: PMC9536599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cells tightly control their dimensions, but in some cancers, normal cell size control is lost. In this study we measure cell volumes of epithelial cells from human lung adenocarcinoma progression in situ. By leveraging artificial intelligence (AI), we reconstruct tumor cell shapes in three dimensions (3D) and find airway type 2 cells display up to 10-fold increases in volume. Surprisingly, cell size increase is not caused by altered ploidy, and up to 80% of near-euploid tumor cells show abnormal sizes. Size dysregulation is not explained by cell swelling or senescence because cells maintain cytoplasmic density and proper organelle size scaling, but is correlated with changes in tissue organization and loss of a novel network of processes that appear to connect alveolar type 2 cells. To validate size dysregulation in near-euploid cells, we sorted cells from tumor single-cell suspensions on the basis of size. Our study provides data of unprecedented detail for cell volume dysregulation in a human cancer. Broadly, loss of size control may be a common feature of lung adenocarcinomas in humans and mice that is relevant to disease and identification of these cells provides a useful model for investigating cell size control and consequences of cell size dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford W. Sandlin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CWS); (MCG)
| | - Song Gu
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Charuhas Deshpande
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Feldman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Matthew C. Good
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CWS); (MCG)
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19
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Abstract
The most fundamental feature of cellular form is size, which sets the scale of all cell biological processes. Growth, form, and function are all necessarily linked in cell biology, but we often do not understand the underlying molecular mechanisms nor their specific functions. Here, we review progress toward determining the molecular mechanisms that regulate cell size in yeast, animals, and plants, as well as progress toward understanding the function of cell size regulation. It has become increasingly clear that the mechanism of cell size regulation is deeply intertwined with basic mechanisms of biosynthesis, and how biosynthesis can be scaled (or not) in proportion to cell size. Finally, we highlight recent findings causally linking aberrant cell size regulation to cellular senescence and their implications for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicong Xie
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;
| | - Matthew Swaffer
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;
| | - Jan M Skotheim
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
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20
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Zatulovskiy E, Lanz MC, Zhang S, McCarthy F, Elias JE, Skotheim JM. Delineation of proteome changes driven by cell size and growth rate. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:980721. [PMID: 36133920 PMCID: PMC9483106 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.980721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing cell size drives changes to the proteome, which affects cell physiology. As cell size increases, some proteins become more concentrated while others are diluted. As a result, the state of the cell changes continuously with increasing size. In addition to these proteomic changes, large cells have a lower growth rate (protein synthesis rate per unit volume). That both the cell's proteome and growth rate change with cell size suggests they may be interdependent. To test this, we used quantitative mass spectrometry to measure how the proteome changes in response to the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, which decreases the cellular growth rate and has only a minimal effect on cell size. We found that large cell size and mTOR inhibition, both of which lower the growth rate of a cell, remodel the proteome in similar ways. This suggests that many of the effects of cell size are mediated by the size-dependent slowdown of the cellular growth rate. For example, the previously reported size-dependent expression of some senescence markers could reflect a cell's declining growth rate rather than its size per se. In contrast, histones and other chromatin components are diluted in large cells independently of the growth rate, likely so that they remain in proportion with the genome. Finally, size-dependent changes to the cell's growth rate and proteome composition are still apparent in cells continually exposed to a saturating dose of rapamycin, which indicates that cell size can affect the proteome independently of mTORC1 signaling. Taken together, our results clarify the dependencies between cell size, growth, mTOR activity, and the proteome remodeling that ultimately controls many aspects of cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael C. Lanz
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Jan M. Skotheim
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, Stanford, CA, United States
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21
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Chen W, Guillaume-Gentil O, Rainer PY, Gäbelein CG, Saelens W, Gardeux V, Klaeger A, Dainese R, Zachara M, Zambelli T, Vorholt JA, Deplancke B. Live-seq enables temporal transcriptomic recording of single cells. Nature 2022; 608:733-740. [PMID: 35978187 PMCID: PMC9402441 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq) has greatly advanced our ability to characterize cellular heterogeneity1. However, scRNA-seq requires lysing cells, which impedes further molecular or functional analyses on the same cells. Here, we established Live-seq, a single-cell transcriptome profiling approach that preserves cell viability during RNA extraction using fluidic force microscopy2,3, thus allowing to couple a cell's ground-state transcriptome to its downstream molecular or phenotypic behaviour. To benchmark Live-seq, we used cell growth, functional responses and whole-cell transcriptome read-outs to demonstrate that Live-seq can accurately stratify diverse cell types and states without inducing major cellular perturbations. As a proof of concept, we show that Live-seq can be used to directly map a cell's trajectory by sequentially profiling the transcriptomes of individual macrophages before and after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, and of adipose stromal cells pre- and post-differentiation. In addition, we demonstrate that Live-seq can function as a transcriptomic recorder by preregistering the transcriptomes of individual macrophages that were subsequently monitored by time-lapse imaging after LPS exposure. This enabled the unsupervised, genome-wide ranking of genes on the basis of their ability to affect macrophage LPS response heterogeneity, revealing basal Nfkbia expression level and cell cycle state as important phenotypic determinants, which we experimentally validated. Thus, Live-seq can address a broad range of biological questions by transforming scRNA-seq from an end-point to a temporal analysis approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanze Chen
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bio-engineering and Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Pernille Yde Rainer
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bio-engineering and Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christoph G Gäbelein
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wouter Saelens
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bio-engineering and Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Gardeux
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bio-engineering and Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amanda Klaeger
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bio-engineering and Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Dainese
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bio-engineering and Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Magda Zachara
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bio-engineering and Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia A Vorholt
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bio-engineering and Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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22
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Tang DG. Understanding and targeting prostate cancer cell heterogeneity and plasticity. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 82:68-93. [PMID: 34844845 PMCID: PMC9106849 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent malignancy that occurs primarily in old males. Prostate tumors in different patients manifest significant inter-patient heterogeneity with respect to histo-morphological presentations and molecular architecture. An individual patient tumor also harbors genetically distinct clones in which PCa cells display intra-tumor heterogeneity in molecular features and phenotypic marker expression. This inherent PCa cell heterogeneity, e.g., in the expression of androgen receptor (AR), constitutes a barrier to the long-term therapeutic efficacy of AR-targeting therapies. Furthermore, tumor progression as well as therapeutic treatments induce PCa cell plasticity such that AR-positive PCa cells may turn into AR-negative cells and prostate tumors may switch lineage identity from adenocarcinomas to neuroendocrine-like tumors. This induced PCa cell plasticity similarly confers resistance to AR-targeting and other therapies. In this review, I first discuss PCa from the perspective of an abnormal organ development and deregulated cellular differentiation, and discuss the luminal progenitor cells as the likely cells of origin for PCa. I then focus on intrinsic PCa cell heterogeneity in treatment-naïve tumors with the presence of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs). I further elaborate on PCa cell plasticity induced by genetic alterations and therapeutic interventions, and present potential strategies to therapeutically tackle PCa cell heterogeneity and plasticity. My discussions will make it clear that, to achieve enduring clinical efficacy, both intrinsic PCa cell heterogeneity and induced PCa cell plasticity need to be targeted with novel combinatorial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Experimental Therapeutics (ET) Graduate Program, The University at Buffalo & Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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23
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García-Ruano D, Venkova L, Jain A, Ryan JC, Balasubramaniam VR, Piel M, Coudreuse D. Fluorescence exclusion: a rapid, accurate and powerful method for measuring yeast cell volume. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275598. [PMID: 35662333 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells exist in an astonishing range of volumes across and within species. However, our understanding of cell size control remains limited, due in large part to the challenges associated with accurate determination of cell volume. Much of our comprehension of size regulation derives from yeast models, but even for these morphologically stereotypical cells, assessment of cell volume has mostly relied on proxies and extrapolations from two-dimensional measurements. Recently, the fluorescence exclusion method (FXm) was developed to evaluate the size of mammalian cells, but whether it could be applied to smaller cells remained unknown. Using specifically designed microfluidic chips and an improved data analysis pipeline, we show here that FXm reliably detects subtle differences in the volume of fission yeast cells, even for those with altered shapes. Moreover, it allows for the monitoring of dynamic volume changes at the single-cell level with high time resolution. Collectively, our work highlights how the coupling of FXm with yeast genetics will bring new insights into the complex biology of cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel García-Ruano
- Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, UMR 6290, CNRS - University of Rennes 1, France
| | - Larisa Venkova
- Institut Curie and Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cellular Genetics, CNRS UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Akanksha Jain
- Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, UMR 6290, CNRS - University of Rennes 1, France
| | - Joseph C Ryan
- Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, UMR 6290, CNRS - University of Rennes 1, France
| | | | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie and Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Damien Coudreuse
- Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, UMR 6290, CNRS - University of Rennes 1, France.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cellular Genetics, CNRS UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
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Yeh PY, Snijders AM, Wang D. ViaChip for Size-based Enrichment of Viable Cells. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2022; 353:131159. [PMID: 34975229 PMCID: PMC8716015 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.131159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Live cells acquire different fates including apoptosis, necrosis, and senescence in response to stress and stimuli. Rapid and label-free enrichment of live cells from a mixture of cells adopting various cell fates remains a challenge. We developed a ViaChip for high-throughput enrichment of Viable cells via size-based separation on a multi-stage microfluidic Chip. Our chip takes advantage of the characteristic increase in cell size during cellular senescence and decreases during apoptosis and necrosis, in comparison to their viable and healthy counterparts. The core component of our ViaChip is a slanted and tunable 3D filter array in the vertical direction (z-gap) for rapid and continuous cell sieving. The shape of the 3D filter array is optimized for target cells to prevent clogging during continuous separation. We demonstrated enrichment of live human and mouse mesenchymal stem cells in culture and from live animals, as well as the removal of senescent and necrotic MSCs, respectively, achieving an enrichment efficiency of ~67% with the continuous flow at 1.5 mL/hour. With further improvements in throughput and separation efficiency, our ViaChip could find applications in cell-based drug screening for anti-cancer and anti-aging cell therapies.
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25
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A review on epidermal growth factor receptor's role in breast and non-small cell lung cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 351:109735. [PMID: 34742684 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a cell surface transmembrane receptor that mediates the tyrosine signaling pathway to carry the extracellular messages inside the cell and thereby alter the function of nucleus. This leads to the generation of various protein products to up or downregulate the cellular function. It is encoded by cell erythroblastosis virus oncogene B1, so called C-erb B1/ERBB2/HER-2 gene that acts as a proto-oncogene. It belongs to the HER-2 receptor-family in breast cancer and responds best with anti-Herceptin therapy (anti-tyrosine kinase monoclonal antibody). HER-2 positive breast cancer patient exhibits worse prognosis without Herceptin therapy. Similar incidence and prognosis are reported in other epithelial neoplasms like EGFR + lung non-small cell carcinoma and glioblastoma (grade IV brain glial tumor). Present study highlights the role and connectivity of EGF with various cancers via signaling pathways, cell surface receptors mechanism, macromolecules, mitochondrial genes and neoplasm. Present study describes the EGFR associated gene expression profiling (in breast cancer and NSCLC), relation between mitrochondrial genes and carcinoma, and several in vitro and in vivo models to screen the synergistic effect of various combination treatments. According to this study, although clinical studies including targeted treatments, immunotherapies, radiotherapy, TKi-EGFR combined targeted therapy have been carried out to investigate the synergism of combination therapy; however still there is a gap to apply the scenarios of experimental and clinical studies for further developments. This review will give an idea about the transition from experimental to most advanced clinical studies with different combination drug strategies to treat cancer.
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Lu M, Yu L, Yang Y, Zhu J, Qiang S, Wang X, Wang J, Tan X, Wang W, Zhang Y, Wang W, Xie J, Chen X, Wang H, Cui X, Ge X. Hayatine inhibits amino acid-induced mTORC1 activation as a novel mTOR-Rag A/C interaction disruptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 583:71-78. [PMID: 34735882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is commonly observed in many cancers and attracts extensive attention as an oncology drug discovery target, which is encouraged by the success of rapamycin and its analogs (rapalogs) in treatment of mTORC1-hyperactive cancers in both pre-clinic models and clinical trials. However, rapamycin and existing rapalogs have typically short-lasting partial responses due to drug resistance, thereby triggering our interest to investigate a potential mTORC1 inhibitor that is mechanistically different from rapamycin. Here, we report that hayatine, a derivative from Cissampelos, can serve as a potential mTORC1 inhibitor selected from a natural compound library. The unique properties owned by hayatine such as downregulation of mTORC1 activities, induction of mTORC1's translocation to lysosomes followed by autophagy, and suppression on cancer cell growth, strongly emphasize its role as a potential mTORC1 inhibitor. Mechanistically, we found that hayatine disrupts the interaction between mTORC1 complex and its lysosomal adaptor RagA/C by binding to the hydrophobic loop of RagC, leading to mTORC1 inhibition that holds great promise to overcome rapamycin resistance. Taken together, our data shed light on an innovative strategy using structural interruption-based mTORC1 inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Lu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yanrong Yang
- Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jiali Zhu
- Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Sujing Qiang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xinbo Wang
- Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Weichao Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, China
| | - Xinyan Chen
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, China
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, China
| | - Xianghuan Cui
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, China.
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Xu YW, Yang JS, Kang DZ, Yao PS. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Astrocytes Regulate Differentiation and Glutamate Uptake of Glioma Stem Cells via Formyl Peptide Receptor. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1389. [PMID: 32474726 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, NO. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China
| | - Jin-Shan Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - De-Zhi Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, NO. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China.
| | - Pei-Sen Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, NO. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China.
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28
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Lei KF, Chen QE, Goh A, Pai PC. Analysis of a Cancer Stem Cell-Derived Single Colony Raised in a Microwell Array. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5099-5105. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kin Fong Lei
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Qing-En Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Andrew Goh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ping Ching Pai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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29
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Slow-cycling (dormant) cancer cells in therapy resistance, cancer relapse and metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 78:90-103. [PMID: 33979674 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly appreciated that cancer cell heterogeneity and plasticity constitute major barriers to effective clinical treatments and long-term therapeutic efficacy. Research in the past two decades suggest that virtually all treatment-naive human cancers harbor subsets of cancer cells that possess many of the cardinal features of normal stem cells. Such stem-like cancer cells, operationally defined as cancer stem cells (CSCs), are frequently quiescent and dynamically change and evolve during tumor progression and therapeutic interventions. Intrinsic tumor cell heterogeneity is reflected in a different aspect in that tumors also harbor a population of slow-cycling cells (SCCs) that are not in the proliferative cell cycle and thus are intrinsically refractory to anti-mitotic drugs. In this Perspective, we focus our discussions on SCCs in cancer and on various methodologies that can be employed to enrich and purify SCCs, compare the similarities and differences between SCCs, CSCs and cancer cells undergoing EMT, and present evidence for the involvement of SCCs in surviving anti-neoplastic treatments, mediating tumor relapse, maintaining tumor dormancy and mediating metastatic dissemination. Our discussions make it clear that an in-depth understanding of the biological properties of SCCs in cancer will be instrumental to developing new therapeutic strategies to prevent tumor relapse and distant metastasis.
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30
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Asadullah, Kumar S, Saxena N, Sarkar M, Barai A, Sen S. Combined heterogeneity in cell size and deformability promotes cancer invasiveness. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.250225. [PMID: 33602741 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.250225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic heterogeneity is increasingly acknowledged to confer several advantages to cancer progression and drug resistance. Here, we probe the collective importance of heterogeneity in cell size and deformability in breast cancer invasion. A computational model of invasion of a heterogeneous cell aggregate predicts that combined heterogeneity in cell size and deformability enhances invasiveness of the whole population, with maximum invasiveness at intermediate cell-cell adhesion. We then show that small cells of varying deformability, a subpopulation predicted to be enriched at the invasive front, exhibit considerable overlap with the biophysical properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs). In MDA-MB-231 cells, these include CD44 hi CD24- mesenchymal CSCs, which are small and soft, and CD44 hi CD24+ hybrid CSCs, which exhibit a wide range of size and deformability. We validate our predictions by tracking the pattern of cell invasion from spheroids implanted in three-dimensional collagen gels, wherein we show temporal enrichment of CD44 hi cells at the invasive front. Collectively, our results illustrate the advantages imparted by biophysical heterogeneity in enhancing cancer invasiveness.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asadullah
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Neha Saxena
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Madhurima Sarkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Amlan Barai
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Shamik Sen
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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31
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Large Extracellular Vesicle Characterization and Association with Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051056. [PMID: 33801459 PMCID: PMC7958848 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsies hold potential as minimally invasive sources of tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, therapy prediction or disease monitoring. We present an approach for parallel single-object identification of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and tumor-derived large extracellular vesicles (LEVs) based on automated high-resolution immunofluorescence followed by downstream multiplexed protein profiling. Identification of LEVs >6 µm in size and CTC enumeration was highly correlated, with LEVs being 1.9 times as frequent as CTCs, and additional LEVs were identified in 73% of CTC-negative liquid biopsy samples from metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer. Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) revealed that 49% of cytokeratin (CK)-positive LEVs and CTCs were EpCAM-negative, while frequently carrying prostate cancer tumor markers including AR, PSA, and PSMA. HSPD1 was shown to be a specific biomarker for tumor derived circulating cells and LEVs. CTCs and LEVs could be discriminated based on size, morphology, DNA load and protein score but not by protein signatures. Protein profiles were overall heterogeneous, and clusters could be identified across object classes. Parallel analysis of CTCs and LEVs confers increased sensitivity for liquid biopsies and expanded specificity with downstream characterization. Combined, it raises the possibility of a more comprehensive assessment of the disease state for precise diagnosis and monitoring.
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32
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Chowdhury S, Ghosh S. Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1638-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Sobczuk P, Łomiak M, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A. Dopamine D1 Receptor in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113232. [PMID: 33147760 PMCID: PMC7693420 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Circulating hormones and their specific receptors play a significant role in the development and progression of various cancers. This review aimed to summarize current knowledge about the dopamine D1 receptor’s biological role in different cancers, including breast cancer, central nervous system tumors, lymphoproliferative disorders, and other neoplasms. Treatment with dopamine D1 receptor agonists was proven to exert a major anti-cancer effect in many preclinical models. We highlight this receptor’s potential as a target for the adjunct therapy of tumors and discuss possibilities and necessities for further research in this area. Abstract Dopamine is a biologically active compound belonging to catecholamines. It plays its roles in the human body, acting both as a circulating hormone and neurotransmitter. It acts through G-protein-coupled receptors divided into two subgroups: D1-like receptors (D1R and D5R) and D2-like receptors (D2R, D3R, D4R). Physiologically, dopamine receptors are involved in central nervous system functions: motivation or cognition, and peripheral actions such as blood pressure and immune response modulation. Increasing evidence indicates that the dopamine D1 receptor may play a significant role in developing different human neoplasms. This receptor’s value was presented in the context of regulating various signaling pathways important in tumor development, including neoplastic cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, migration, invasiveness, or the enrichment of cancer stem cells population. Recent studies proved that its activation by selective or non-selective agonists is associated with significant tumor growth suppression, metastases prevention, and tumor microvasculature maturation. It may also exert a synergistic anti-cancer effect when combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors or temozolomide. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the heterogeneity of dopamine D1 receptor molecular roles and signaling pathways in human neoplasm development and discusses possible perspectives of its therapeutic targeting as an adjunct anti-cancer strategy of treatment. We highlight the priorities for further directions in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Sobczuk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Ł.); (A.C.-J.)
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-221166113
| | - Michał Łomiak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Ł.); (A.C.-J.)
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Ł.); (A.C.-J.)
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34
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Tian J, Fu G, Xu Z, Chen X, Sun J, Jin B. Urinary exfoliated tumor single-cell metabolomics technology for establishing a drug resistance monitoring system for bladder cancer with intravesical chemotherapy. Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:110100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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35
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Identification of High-Quality Fat Based on Precision Centrifugation in Lipoaspirates Using Marker Floats. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 146:541-550. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000007063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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36
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Ghanei Z, Jamshidizad A, Joupari MD, Shamsara M. Isolation and characterization of breast cancer stem cell-like phenotype by Oct4 promoter-mediated activity. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7840-7848. [PMID: 31904128 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset of cancer cells responsible for self-renewal activity, drug resistance, and tumor recurrence. CSCs have been derived from diverse tumors and cell lines. The expression of stemness markers has been identified in CSCs. Oct4 is a well-established transcription factor expressed in stem cells and CSCs. In this study, we isolated and characterized breast CSC-like cells from murine MC4-L2 cells by Oct4 promoter-mediated activity. The MC4-L2 cells were electroporated by a plasmid expressing puromycin resistance (PuroR ) gene from the Oct4 promoter and then selected by puromycin. The isolated cells were named as the MC4-L2puro cells and characterized for CSCs properties. Immunostaining indicated CD44high and CD24high phenotype for the MC4-L2 and MC4-L2puro cells. The enhanced expression of stem cell markers was detected in the puromycin-selected cells compared with the parental cells. Moreover, the isolated cells only grew up in sphere-formed shape in low attachment plates. Serial dilution transplantation in syngeneic mouse models showed increased tumorigenicity of the MC4-L2puro cells, as they induced new tumors when injected into the mammary fat pad as few as 104 cells. In conclusion, we designed a novel genetic construct, which allows the isolation of Oct4-positive cells in a cancer population by a simple selection step in a puromycin-containing medium. Transfection of this construct into the MC4-L2 cells resulted in growing a subpopulation of cells having tumor-initiating cell characteristics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the isolation of CSC-like cells from the mouse breast cancer MC4-L2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghanei
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Jamshidizad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Daliri Joupari
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shamsara
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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37
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Wang M, Yang Y, Han L, Xu F, Li F. Cell mechanical microenvironment for cell volume regulation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4070-4081. [PMID: 31637722 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell volume regulation, as one of the fundamental homeostasis of the cell, is associated with many cellular behaviors and functions. With the increased studies on the effect of environmental mechanical cues on cell volume regulation, the relationship between cell volume regulation and mechanotransduction becomes more and more clear. In this paper, we review the mechanisms and hypotheses by which cell maintains its volume homeostasis both in vivo and in constructed cell mechanical microenvironment (CMM) in vitro. We discuss how the growth-division regulation maintains the volume homeostasis of cells in the cell cycle and how the cell cortex/membrane tension mediates the effect of CMM (i.e., osmotic pressure, matrix stiffness, and mechanical force) on cell volume regulation. We also highlight the roles of cell volume as a perfect integrator of the downstream signals of mechanotransduction from different aspects of CMM and an effective indicator for the mechanical condition that cell confronts. This interdisciplinary perspective can provide new insight into biomechanics and may shed light on bioengineering and pathological research work. We hope this review can facilitate future studies on the investigation of the role of cell volume in mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaowei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lichun Han
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Anesthesia, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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38
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Mattes K, Vellenga E, Schepers H. Differential redox-regulation and mitochondrial dynamics in normal and leukemic hematopoietic stem cells: A potential window for leukemia therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 144:102814. [PMID: 31593878 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.102814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for many patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poor, mainly due to disease relapse driven by leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Recent studies have highlighted the unique metabolic properties of LSCs, which might represent opportunities for LSC-selective targeting. LSCs characteristically have low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which apparently result from a combination of low mitochondrial activity and high activity of ROS-removing pathways such as autophagy. Due to this low activity, LSCs are highly dependent on mitochondrial regulatory mechanisms. These include the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2, which also has crucial roles in regulating the mitochondrial membrane potential, and proteins involved in mitophagy. Here we review the different pathways that impact mitochondrial activity and redox-regulation, and highlight their relevance for the functionality of both HSCs and LSCs. Additionally, novel AML therapy strategies that are based on interference with those pathways, including the promising BCL-2 inhibitor Venetoclax, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mattes
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Edo Vellenga
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hein Schepers
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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39
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Sun H, Chen L, Cao S, Liang Y, Xu Y. Warburg Effects in Cancer and Normal Proliferating Cells: Two Tales of the Same Name. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2019; 17:273-286. [PMID: 31071451 PMCID: PMC6818181 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been observed that both cancer tissue cells and normal proliferating cells (NPCs) have the Warburg effect. Our goal here is to demonstrate that they do this for different reasons. To accomplish this, we have analyzed the transcriptomic data of over 7000 cancer and control tissues of 14 cancer types in TCGA and data of five NPC types in GEO. Our analyses reveal that NPCs accumulate large quantities of ATPs produced by the respiration process before starting the Warburg effect, to raise the intracellular pH from ∼6.8 to ∼7.2 and to prepare for cell division energetically. Once cell cycle starts, the cells start to rely on glycolysis for ATP generation followed by ATP hydrolysis and lactic acid release, to maintain the elevated intracellular pH as needed by cell division since together the three processes are pH neutral. The cells go back to the normal respiration-based ATP production once the cell division phase ends. In comparison, cancer cells have reached their intracellular pH at ∼7.4 from top down as multiple acid-loading transporters are up-regulated and most acid-extruding ones except for lactic acid exporters are repressed. Cancer cells use continuous glycolysis for ATP production as way to acidify the intracellular space since the lactic acid secretion is decoupled from glycolysis-based ATP generation and is pH balanced by increased expressions of acid-loading transporters. Co-expression analyses suggest that lactic acid secretion is regulated by external, non-pH related signals. Overall, our data strongly suggest that the two cell types have the Warburg effect for very different reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Sun
- The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Sha Cao
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yanchun Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Zhuhai Laboratory of MOE Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Ying Xu
- The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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High density is a property of slow-cycling and treatment-resistant human glioblastoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2019; 378:76-86. [PMID: 30844389 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Slow-cycling and treatment-resistant cancer cells escape therapy, providing a rationale for regrowth and recurrence in patients. Much interest has focused on identifying the properties of slow-cycling tumor cells in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and lethal primary brain tumor. Despite aggressive ionizing radiation (IR) and treatment with the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ), GBM patients invariably relapse and ultimately succumb to the disease. In patient biopsies, we demonstrated that GBM cells expressing the proliferation markers Ki67 and MCM2 displayed a larger cell volume compared to rare slow-cycling tumor cells. In optimized density gradients, we isolated a minor fraction of slow-cycling GBM cells in patient biopsies and tumorsphere cultures. Transcriptional profiling, self-renewal, and tumorigenicity assays reflected the slow-cycling state of high-density GBM cells (HDGCs) compared to the tumor bulk of low-density GBM cells (LDGCs). Slow-cycling HDGCs enriched for stem cell antigens proliferated a few days after isolation to generate LDGCs. Both in vitro and in vivo, we demonstrated that HDGCs show increased treatment-resistance to IR and TMZ treatment compared to LDGCs. In conclusion, density gradients represent a non-marker based approach to isolate slow-cycling and treatment-resistant GBM cells across GBM subgroups.
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Mondal S, Bhattacharya K, Mandal C. Nutritional stress reprograms dedifferention in glioblastoma multiforme driven by PTEN/Wnt/Hedgehog axis: a stochastic model of cancer stem cells. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:110. [PMID: 30534418 PMCID: PMC6281623 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and maintenance of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are usually governed by tumor niche. Tumor niche always provides metabolic challenges to cancer cells and CSCs mostly because of tissue hypoxia. However, the role of micro-environmental nutritional stress (NS) in dedifferentiation of cancer cells is poorly defined. Here, we developed a stochastic model of CSCs by gradual nutritional deprivation in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells used as a model system. Nutritional deprivation induced enhanced expression of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs)-specific biomarkers with higher invasive and angiogenic properties. This NS-induced cells showed higher xenobiotic efflux ability, and hence exhibit resistance to multiple anticancer drugs. In the molecular level, such NS activated Wnt and Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathways by stabilizing β-catenin and Gli1, respectively, through modulation of GSK3β/AKT axis. GBM-specific PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) mutation contributed to better phenoconversion toward GSCs. Knocking down of PTEN coupled with NS induction enhanced neurosphere formation, GSC-specific biomarker expressions, and activation of Wnt/Hh signaling. Thus, such an in-depth understanding of dedifferentiation of GBM cells to GSCs under NS suggested that targeting Wnt/Hh signaling possibly be a better therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Mondal
- 1Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032 India
| | - Kaushik Bhattacharya
- 1Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032 India.,2Present Address: Département de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Chitra Mandal
- 1Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032 India
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42
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Skvortsov S, Skvortsova II, Tang DG, Dubrovska A. Concise Review: Prostate Cancer Stem Cells: Current Understanding. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1457-1474. [PMID: 29845679 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is heterogeneous, harboring phenotypically diverse cancer cell types. PCa cell heterogeneity is caused by genomic instability that leads to the clonal competition and evolution of the cancer genome and by epigenetic mechanisms that result in subclonal cellular differentiation. The process of tumor cell differentiation is initiated from a population of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) that possess many phenotypic and functional properties of normal stem cells. Since the initial reports on PCSCs in 2005, there has been much effort to elucidate their biological properties, including unique metabolic characteristics. In this Review, we discuss the current methods for PCSC enrichment and analysis, the hallmarks of PCSC metabolism, and the role of PCSCs in tumor progression. Stem Cells 2018;36:1457-1474.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Skvortsov
- Laboratory for Experimental and Translational Research on Radiation Oncology (EXTRO-Lab), Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ira-Ida Skvortsova
- Laboratory for Experimental and Translational Research on Radiation Oncology (EXTRO-Lab), Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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43
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Association of Notch-1, osteopontin and stem-like cells in ENU-glioma malignant process. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31330-31341. [PMID: 30140373 PMCID: PMC6101132 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch-1 and osteopontin (OPN) mediate angiogenesis and glioma stem-like cell (GSLC) maintenance. However, the relationship between these molecules and GSLCs during the development of glioma is unknown. We investigate the expression of Notch-1, OPN and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) associated to the stemness markers nestin and CD133 in three stages of murine gliomas induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). Notch-1 and OPN overexpress in the intermediate stage (II), which corresponds to the "angiogenesis switch". Nestin+ cells appear in all stages of ENU-glioma but CD133 only from stage II on. In stage III, neoplastic cells expressing nestin, CD133 and nestin/CD133 reside in spheroid-like aggregates (SAs) and in the neoangiogenic border. These aggregates show Notch-1 and VEGF+ surrounding cells and a significant size and density increase with respect to stage I (3.3 ± 1.5 to 22.4 ± 6.3 µm2, n° = 0.3 ± 0.1 to 4.2 ± 0.9, from stage I to stage III, respectively). OPN expression increases in correlation to the glioma malignancy from 4.5 ± 1.8% (I) to 12.3 ± 1.2% of OPN+ cells (III). It predominates in astrocyte-like cells of the neoangiogenic border, displaying co-location with VEGF and CD133. The OPN immunopositivity distribution correlates with the CD133 distribution. In conclusion, OPN co-expressing with CD133 contributes to the identification of GSLCs in the neoangiogenic border, while Notch-1 is present around SAs in advanced stages. The ENU-glioma, mainly in stage II, is a useful tool for assessing new antitumour therapies against these molecules.
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Quan XX, Hawk NV, Chen W, Coupar J, Lee SK, Petersen DW, Meltzer PS, Montemarano A, Braun M, Chen Z, Van Waes C. Targeting Notch1 and IKKα Enhanced NF-κB Activation in CD133 + Skin Cancer Stem Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:2034-2048. [PMID: 29959199 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells are hypothesized to be the major tumor-initiating cell population of human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), but the landscape of molecular alterations underpinning their signaling and cellular phenotypes as drug targets remains undefined. In this study, we developed an experimental pipeline to isolate a highly enriched CD133+CD31-CD45-CD61-CD24- (CD133+) cell population from primary cSCC specimens by flow cytometry. The CD133+ cells show enhanced stem-like phenotypes, which were verified by spheroid and colony formation in vitro and tumor generation in vivo Gene expression profiling of CD133+/- cells was compared and validated, and differentially expressed gene signatures and top pathways were identified. CD133+ cells expressed a repertoire of stemness and cancer-related genes, including NOTCH and NOTCH1-mediated NF-κB pathway signaling. Other cancer-related genes from WNT, growth factor receptors, PI3K/mTOR, STAT pathways, and chromatin modifiers were also identified. Pharmacologic and genetic targeting of NOTCH1, IKKα, RELA, and RELB modulated NF-κB transactivation, the CD133+ population, and cellular and stemness phenotypes. Immunofluorescent staining confirmed colocalization of CD133+ and IKKα expression in SCC tumor specimens. Our functional, genetic, and pharmacologic studies uncovered a novel linkage between NOTCH1, IKKα, and NF-κB pathway activation in maintaining the CD133+ stem SCC phenotypes. Studies investigating markers of activation and modulators of NOTCH, IKK/NF-κB, and other pathways regulating these cancer stem gene signatures could further accelerate the development of effective therapeutic strategies to treat cSCC recurrence and metastasis. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(9); 2034-48. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xin Quan
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nga Voong Hawk
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Weiping Chen
- Microarray Core Facility, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jamie Coupar
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Steven K Lee
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Martin Braun
- Braun Dermatology Associates, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Zhong Chen
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Alamir H, Alomari M, Salwati AAA, Saka M, Bangash M, Baeesa S, Alghamdi F, Carracedo A, Schulten HJ, Chaudhary A, Abuzenadah A, Hussein D. In situ characterization of stem cells-like biomarkers in meningiomas. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:77. [PMID: 29849507 PMCID: PMC5970464 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meningioma cancer stem cells (MCSCs) contribute to tumor aggressiveness and drug resistance. Successful therapies developed for inoperable, recurrent, or metastatic tumors must target these cells and restrict their contribution to tumor progression. Unfortunately, the identity of MCSCs remains elusive, and MSCSs’ in situ spatial distribution, heterogeneity, and relationship with tumor grade, remain unclear. Methods Seven tumors classified as grade II or grade III, including one case of metastatic grade III, and eight grade I meningioma tumors, were analyzed for combinations of ten stem cell (SC)-related markers using immunofluorescence of consecutive sections. The correlation of expression for all markers were investigated. Three dimensional spatial distribution of markers were qualitatively analyzed using a grid, designed as a repository of information for positive staining. All statistical analyses were completed using Statistical Analysis Software Package. Results The patterns of expression for SC-related markers were determined in the context of two dimensional distribution and cellular features. All markers could be detected in all tumors, however, Frizzled 9 and GFAP had differential expression in grade II/III compared with grade I meningioma tissues. Correlation analysis showed significant relationships between the expression of GFAP and CD133 as well as SSEA4 and Vimentin. Data from three dimensional analysis showed a complex distribution of SC markers, with increased gene hetero-expression being associated with grade II/III tumors. Sub regions that showed multiple co-staining of markers including CD133, Frizzled 9, GFAP, Vimentin, and SSEA4, but not necessarily the proliferation marker Ki67, were highly associated with grade II/III meningiomas. Conclusion The distribution and level of expression of CSCs markers in meningiomas are variable and show hetero-expression patterns that have a complex spatial nature, particularly in grade II/III meningiomas. Thus, results strongly support the notion of heterogeneous populations of CSCs, even in grade I meningiomas, and call for the use of multiple markers for the accurate identification of individual CSC subgroups. Such identification will lead to practical clinical diagnostic protocols that can quantitate CSCs, predict tumor recurrence, assist in guiding treatment selection for inoperable tumors, and improve follow up of therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-018-0571-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanin Alamir
- 1Centre of Innovation for Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Alomari
- 2King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulla Ahmed A Salwati
- 2King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Saka
- 2King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bangash
- 3Division of Neurosurgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Baeesa
- 3Division of Neurosurgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alghamdi
- 4Pathology Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Angel Carracedo
- 5Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine-SERGAS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,6Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- 6Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel Chaudhary
- 1Centre of Innovation for Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,6Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,7Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Abuzenadah
- 1Centre of Innovation for Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,2King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,7Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Deema Hussein
- 2King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
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46
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Mirzayans R, Andrais B, Murray D. Roles of Polyploid/Multinucleated Giant Cancer Cells in Metastasis and Disease Relapse Following Anticancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040118. [PMID: 29662021 PMCID: PMC5923373 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors and tumor-derived cell lines contain polyploid giant cells with significantly elevated genomic content, often with multiple nuclei. The frequency of giant cells can increase markedly following anticancer treatment. Although giant cells enter a dormant phase and therefore do not form macroscopic colonies (aggregates of ≥50 cells) in the conventional in vitro colony formation assay, they remain viable and metabolically active. The purpose of this commentary is to underscore the potential importance of polyploid/multinucleated giant cells in metastasis and cancer recurrence following exposure to anticancer agents. We also discuss the possibility that most preclinical (cell-based and animal model) drug discovery approaches might not account for delayed responses that are associated with dormant giant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razmik Mirzayans
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Bonnie Andrais
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - David Murray
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
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47
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Lo Re O, Fusilli C, Rappa F, Van Haele M, Douet J, Pindjakova J, Rocha SW, Pata I, Valčíková B, Uldrijan S, Yeung RS, Peixoto CA, Roskams T, Buschbeck M, Mazza T, Vinciguerra M. Induction of cancer cell stemness by depletion of macrohistone H2A1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2018; 67:636-650. [PMID: 28913935 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) contain a subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which exhibit stem cell-like features and are responsible for tumor relapse, metastasis, and chemoresistance. The development of effective treatments for HCC will depend on a molecular-level understanding of the specific pathways driving CSC emergence and stemness. MacroH2A1 is a variant of the histone H2A and an epigenetic regulator of stem-cell function, where it promotes differentiation and, conversely, acts as a barrier to somatic-cell reprogramming. Here, we focused on the role played by the histone variant macroH2A1 as a potential epigenetic factor promoting CSC differentiation. In human HCC sections we uncovered a significant correlation between low frequencies of macroH2A1 staining and advanced, aggressive HCC subtypes with poorly differentiated tumor phenotypes. Using HCC cell lines, we found that short hairpin RNA-mediated macroH2A1 knockdown induces acquisition of CSC-like features, including the growth of significantly larger and less differentiated tumors when injected into nude mice. MacroH2A1-depleted HCC cells also exhibited reduced proliferation, resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, and stem-like metabolic changes consistent with enhanced hypoxic responses and increased glycolysis. The loss of macroH2A1 increased expression of a panel of stemness-associated genes and drove hyperactivation of the nuclear factor kappa B p65 pathway. Blocking phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B p65 on Ser536 inhibited the emergence of CSC-like features in HCC cells knocked down for macroH2A1. Conclusion: The absence of histone variant macroH2A1 confers a CSC-like phenotype to HCC cells in vitro and in vivo that depends on Ser536 phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B p65; this pathway may hold valuable targets for the development of CSC-focused treatments for HCC. (Hepatology 2018;67:636-650).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Lo Re
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Caterina Fusilli
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, UO of Bioinformatics, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matthias Van Haele
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julien Douet
- Josep Carreras Institute for Leukaemia Research, Campus ICO-GTP, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Spain.,Program for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jana Pindjakova
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Barbora Valčíková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stjepan Uldrijan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Raymond S Yeung
- Department of Surgery.,Northwest Liver Research Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Tania Roskams
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcus Buschbeck
- Josep Carreras Institute for Leukaemia Research, Campus ICO-GTP, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Spain.,Program for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Spain
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, UO of Bioinformatics, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Agnetti L, Fondello C, Villaverde MS, Glikin GC, Finocchiaro LME. Therapeutic potential of bleomycin plus suicide or interferon-β gene transfer combination for spontaneous feline and canine melanoma. Oncoscience 2017; 4:199-214. [PMID: 29344558 PMCID: PMC5769984 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We originated and characterized melanoma cell lines derived from tumors of two feline and two canine veterinary patients. These lines reestablished the morphology, physiology and cell heterogeneity of their respective parental tumors. We evaluated the cytotoxicity of bleomycin (BLM) alone, or combined with interferon-β (IFN-β) or HSVtk/GCV suicide gene (SG) lipofection on these cells. Although the four animals presented stage III disease (WHO system), SG treated feline tumors displayed stable disease in vivo, while the canine ones exhibited partial response. Their derived cell lines reflected this behavior. Feline were significantly more sensitive than canine cells to IFN-β gene transfer. BLM improved the antitumor effects of both genes. The higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly correlated with membrane and DNA damages, emphasizing ROS intervention in apoptotic and necrotic cell death. After 3 days of BLM alone or combined with gene treatments, the colony forming capacity of two canine and one feline treatments survivor cells almost disappeared. Taken together, these results suggest that the treatments eradicated tumor initiating cells and support the clinical potential of the tested combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrecia Agnetti
- Unidad de Transferencia Genética Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo" Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Chiara Fondello
- Unidad de Transferencia Genética Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo" Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela S Villaverde
- Unidad de Transferencia Genética Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo" Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo C Glikin
- Unidad de Transferencia Genética Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo" Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana M E Finocchiaro
- Unidad de Transferencia Genética Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo" Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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49
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Ketpun D, Sailasuta A, Suwannaphan T, Bhanpattanakul S, Pimpin A, Srituravanich W, Sripumkhai W, Jeamsaksiri W, Piyaviriyakul P. The Viability of Single Cancer Cells after Exposure to Hydrodynamic Shear Stresses in a Spiral Microchannel: A Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumor Model. MICROMACHINES 2017; 9:E9. [PMID: 30393286 PMCID: PMC6187537 DOI: 10.3390/mi9010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our laboratory has the fundamental responsibility to study cancer stem cells (CSC) in various models of human and animal neoplasms. However, the major impediments that spike our accomplishment are the lack of universal biomarkers and cellular heterogeneity. To cope with these restrictions, we have tried to apply the concept of single cell analysis, which has hitherto been recommended throughout the world as an imperative solution pack for resolving such dilemmas. Accordingly, our first step was to utilize a predesigned spiral microchannel fabricated by our laboratory to perform size-based single cell separation using mast cell tumor (MCT) cells as a model. However, the impact of hydrodynamic shear stresses (HSS) on mechanical cell injury and viability in a spiral microchannel has not been fully investigated so far. Intuitively, our computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation has strongly revealed the formations of fluid shear stress (FSS) and extensional fluid stress (EFS) in the sorting system. The panel of biomedical assays has also disclosed cell degeneration and necrosis in the model. Therefore, we have herein reported the combinatorically detrimental effect of FSS and EFS on the viability of MCT cells after sorting in our spiral microchannel, with discussion on the possibly pathogenic mechanisms of HSS-induced cell injury in the study model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dettachai Ketpun
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Companion Animal Cancer-Research Unit (CAC-RU), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Research Fellow in Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Achariya Sailasuta
- Companion Animal Cancer-Research Unit (CAC-RU), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Thammawit Suwannaphan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Sudchaya Bhanpattanakul
- Companion Animal Cancer-Research Unit (CAC-RU), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Alongkorn Pimpin
- Companion Animal Cancer-Research Unit (CAC-RU), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Werayut Srituravanich
- Companion Animal Cancer-Research Unit (CAC-RU), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Witsaroot Sripumkhai
- Thai Microelectronic Centre, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chachoengsao 24000, Thailand.
| | - Wutthinan Jeamsaksiri
- Thai Microelectronic Centre, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chachoengsao 24000, Thailand.
| | - Prapruddee Piyaviriyakul
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Companion Animal Cancer-Research Unit (CAC-RU), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Mu L, Huang K, Hu Y, Yan C, Li X, Tao D, Gong J, Qin J. Small-sized colorectal cancer cells harbor metastatic tumor-initiating cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107907-107919. [PMID: 29296212 PMCID: PMC5746114 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is heterogeneous and contains different-sized cells. Recent studies have shown that tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are involved in cancer initiation, recurrence and metastasis. However, connections between cancer cell size and stem-like properties are largely unknown. Here we purified large- and small-sized CRC cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) based on forward scatter (FSC), and demonstrated that small CRC cells possess higher holoclone- and sphere-forming capacity in vitro, tumor-initiating capacity in vivo and form more lung metastases compared with large CRC cells. Furthermore, we found that down-regulated YAP1 (yes-associated protein 1) decreased tumor-initiating and metastatic capacity in small CRC cells but not in large CRC cells. More importantly, our results showed that the expression of YAP1 positively correlated with the poor prognosis in CRCs. Collectively, our findings suggest that small CRC cells enrich for metastatic TICs, and YAP1 is one of the potential therapeutic targets of metastatic TICs, the small CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Mu
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kaiyu Huang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yibing Hu
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chang Yan
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Deding Tao
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jichao Qin
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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