1
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Kazeminia S, Eirin A. Role of mitochondria in endogenous renal repair. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:963-973. [PMID: 39076039 PMCID: PMC11410300 DOI: 10.1042/cs20231331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Renal tubules have potential to regenerate and repair after mild-to-moderate injury. Proliferation of tubular epithelial cells represents the initial step of this reparative process. Although for many years, it was believed that proliferating cells originated from a pre-existing intra-tubular stem cell population, there is now consensus that surviving tubular epithelial cells acquire progenitor properties to regenerate the damaged kidney. Scattered tubular-like cells (STCs) are dedifferentiated adult renal tubular epithelial cells that arise upon injury and contribute to renal self-healing and recovery by replacing lost neighboring tubular epithelial cells. These cells are characterized by the co-expression of the stem cell surface markers CD133 and CD24, as well as mesenchymal and kidney injury markers. Previous studies have shown that exogenous delivery of STCs ameliorates renal injury and dysfunction in murine models of acute kidney injury, underscoring the regenerative potential of this endogenous repair system. Although STCs contain fewer mitochondria than their surrounding terminally differentiated tubular epithelial cells, these organelles modulate several important cellular functions, and their integrity and function are critical to preserve the reparative capacity of STCs. Recent data suggest that the microenviroment induced by cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, hypertension, and renal ischemia may compromise STC mitochondrial integrity and function, limiting the capacity of these cells to repair injured renal tubules. This review summarizes current knowledge of the contribution of STCs to kidney repair and discusses recent insight into the key role of mitochondria in modulating STC function and their vulnerability in the setting of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kazeminia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, U.S.A
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, U.S.A
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, U.S.A
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2
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Induction of mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) by epigallocatechin-3-gallate to reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in SNAI1-overexpressed renal cells: A potential anti-fibrotic strategy. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Li ZH, Guo XY, Quan XY, Yang C, Liu ZJ, Su HY, An N, Liu HF. The Role of Parietal Epithelial Cells in the Pathogenesis of Podocytopathy. Front Physiol 2022; 13:832772. [PMID: 35360248 PMCID: PMC8963495 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.832772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytopathy is the most common feature of glomerular disorder characterized by podocyte injury- or dysfunction-induced excessive proteinuria, which ultimately develops into glomerulosclerosis and results in persistent loss of renal function. Due to the lack of self-renewal ability of podocytes, mild podocyte depletion triggers replacement and repair processes mostly driven by stem cells or resident parietal epithelial cells (PECs). In contrast, when podocyte recovery fails, activated PECs contribute to the establishment of glomerular lesions. Increasing evidence suggests that PECs, more than just bystanders, have a crucial role in various podocytopathies, including minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and lupus podocytopathy. In this review, we attempt to dissect the diverse role of PECs in the pathogenesis of podocytopathy based on currently available information.
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4
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Raming R, Cordasic N, Kirchner P, Ekici AB, Fahlbusch FB, Woelfle J, Hilgers KF, Hartner A, Menendez-Castro C. Neonatal nephron loss during active nephrogenesis results in altered expression of renal developmental genes and markers of kidney injury. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:509-517. [PMID: 34704838 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00059.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm neonates are at a high risk for nephron loss under adverse clinical conditions. Renal damage potentially collides with postnatal nephrogenesis. Recent animal studies suggest that nephron loss within this vulnerable phase leads to renal damage later in life. Nephrogenic pathways are commonly reactivated after kidney injury supporting renal regeneration. We hypothesized that nephron loss during nephrogenesis affects renal development, which, in turn, impairs tissue repair after secondary injury. Neonates prior to 36 wk of gestation show an active nephrogenesis. In rats, nephrogenesis is ongoing until day 10 after birth. Mimicking the situation of severe nephron loss during nephrogenesis, male pups were uninephrectomized at day 1 of life (UNXd1). A second group of males was uninephrectomized at postnatal day 14 (UNXd14), after terminated nephrogenesis. Age-matched controls were sham operated. Three days after uninephrectomy transcriptional changes in the right kidney were analyzed by RNA-sequencing, followed by functional pathway analysis. In UNXd1, 1,182 genes were differentially regulated, but only 143 genes showed a regulation both in UNXd1 and UNXd14. The functional groups "renal development" and "kidney injury" were among the most differentially regulated groups and revealed distinctive alterations. Reduced expression of candidate genes concerning renal development (Bmp7, Gdnf, Pdgf-B, Wt1) and injury (nephrin, podocin, Tgf-β1) were detected. The downregulation of Bmp7 and Gdnf persisted until day 28. In UNXd14, Six2 was upregulated and Pax2 was downregulated. We conclude that nephron loss during nephrogenesis affects renal development and induces a specific regulation of genes that might hinder tissue repair after secondary kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Raming
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nada Cordasic
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kirchner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian B Fahlbusch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim Woelfle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl F Hilgers
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Hartner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carlos Menendez-Castro
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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5
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Caneparo C, Sorroza-Martinez L, Chabaud S, Fradette J, Bolduc S. Considerations for the clinical use of stem cells in genitourinary regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1480-1512. [PMID: 34786154 PMCID: PMC8567446 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i10.1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genitourinary tract can be affected by several pathologies which require repair or replacement to recover biological functions. Current therapeutic strategies are challenged by a growing shortage of adequate tissues. Therefore, new options must be considered for the treatment of patients, with the use of stem cells (SCs) being attractive. Two different strategies can be derived from stem cell use: Cell therapy and tissue therapy, mainly through tissue engineering. The recent advances using these approaches are described in this review, with a focus on stromal/mesenchymal cells found in adipose tissue. Indeed, the accessibility, high yield at harvest as well as anti-fibrotic, immunomodulatory and proangiogenic properties make adipose-derived stromal/SCs promising alternatives to the therapies currently offered to patients. Finally, an innovative technique allowing tissue reconstruction without exogenous material, the self-assembly approach, will be presented. Despite advances, more studies are needed to translate such approaches from the bench to clinics in urology. For the 21st century, cell and tissue therapies based on SCs are certainly the future of genitourinary regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Caneparo
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Quebec G1J1Z4, Canada
| | - Luis Sorroza-Martinez
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Quebec G1J1Z4, Canada
| | - Stéphane Chabaud
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Quebec G1J1Z4, Canada
| | - Julie Fradette
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Quebec G1J1Z4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec G1V0A6, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bolduc
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Quebec G1J1Z4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec G1V0A6, Canada
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6
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Oh S, Kwon SH. Extracellular Vesicles in Acute Kidney Injury and Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8913. [PMID: 34445618 PMCID: PMC8396174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI)--the sudden loss of kidney function due to tissue damage and subsequent progression to chronic kidney disease--has high morbidity and mortality rates and is a serious worldwide clinical problem. Current AKI diagnosis, which relies on measuring serum creatinine levels and urine output, cannot sensitively and promptly report on the state of damage. To address the shortcomings of these traditional diagnosis tools, several molecular biomarkers have been developed to facilitate the identification and ensuing monitoring of AKI. Nanosized membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) in body fluids have emerged as excellent sources for discovering such biomarkers. Besides this diagnostic purpose, EVs are also being extensively exploited to deliver therapeutic macromolecules to damaged kidney cells to ameliorate AKI. Consequently, many successful AKI biomarker findings and therapeutic applications based on EVs have been made. Here, we review our understanding of how EVs can help with the early identification and accurate monitoring of AKI and be used therapeutically. We will further discuss where current EV-based AKI diagnosis and therapeutic applications fall short and where future innovations could lead us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekyung Oh
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Korea;
| | - Sang-Ho Kwon
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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7
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Harari-Steinberg O, Omer D, Gnatek Y, Pleniceanu O, Goldberg S, Cohen-Zontag O, Pri-Chen S, Kanter I, Ben Haim N, Becker E, Ankawa R, Fuchs Y, Kalisky T, Dotan Z, Dekel B. Ex Vivo Expanded 3D Human Kidney Spheres Engraft Long Term and Repair Chronic Renal Injury in Mice. Cell Rep 2021; 30:852-869.e4. [PMID: 31968258 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
End-stage renal disease is a worldwide epidemic requiring renal replacement therapy. Harvesting tissue from failing kidneys and autotransplantation of tissue progenitors could theoretically delay the need for dialysis. Here we use healthy and end-stage human adult kidneys to robustly expand proliferative kidney epithelial cells and establish 3D kidney epithelial cultures termed "nephrospheres." Formation of nephrospheres reestablishes renal identity and function in primary cultures. Transplantation into NOD/SCID mice shows that nephrospheres restore self-organogenetic properties lost in monolayer cultures, allowing long-term engraftment as tubular structures, potentially adding nephron segments and demonstrating self-organization as critical to survival. Furthermore, long-term tubular engraftment of nephrospheres is functionally beneficial in murine models of chronic kidney disease. Remarkably, nephrospheres inhibit pro-fibrotic collagen production in cultured fibroblasts via paracrine modulation, while transplanted nephrospheres induce transcriptional signatures of proliferation and release from quiescence, suggesting re-activation of endogenous repair. These data support the use of human nephrospheres for renal cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Harari-Steinberg
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Pediatric Research Center for Genetics, Development and Environment, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dorit Omer
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Pediatric Research Center for Genetics, Development and Environment, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehudit Gnatek
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Pediatric Research Center for Genetics, Development and Environment, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Oren Pleniceanu
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Pediatric Research Center for Genetics, Development and Environment, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sanja Goldberg
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Pediatric Research Center for Genetics, Development and Environment, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Osnat Cohen-Zontag
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Pediatric Research Center for Genetics, Development and Environment, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sara Pri-Chen
- The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Itamar Kanter
- Faculty of Engineering and Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Nissim Ben Haim
- Faculty of Engineering and Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Eli Becker
- Faculty of Engineering and Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Roi Ankawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tomer Kalisky
- Faculty of Engineering and Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Zohar Dotan
- Department of Urology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Pediatric Research Center for Genetics, Development and Environment, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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8
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Pleniceanu O, Harari-Steinberg O, Omer D, Gnatek Y, Lachmi BE, Cohen-Zontag O, Manevitz-Mendelson E, Barzilai A, Yampolsky M, Fuchs Y, Rosenzweig B, Eisner A, Dotan Z, Fine LG, Dekel B, Greenberger S. Successful Introduction of Human Renovascular Units into the Mammalian Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2757-2772. [PMID: 32753400 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019050508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-based therapies aimed at replenishing renal parenchyma have been proposed as an approach for treating CKD. However, pathogenic mechanisms involved in CKD such as renal hypoxia result in loss of kidney function and limit engraftment and therapeutic effects of renal epithelial progenitors. Jointly administering vessel-forming cells (human mesenchymal stromal cells [MSCs] and endothelial colony-forming cells [ECFCs]) may potentially result in in vivo formation of vascular networks. METHODS We administered renal tubule-forming cells derived from human adult and fetal kidneys (previously shown to exert a functional effect in CKD mice) into mice, alongside MSCs and ECFCs. We then assessed whether this would result in generation of "renovascular units" comprising both vessels and tubules with potential interaction. RESULTS Directly injecting vessel-forming cells and renal tubule-forming cells into the subcutaneous and subrenal capsular space resulted in self-organization of donor-derived vascular networks that connected to host vasculature, alongside renal tubules comprising tubular epithelia of different nephron segments. Vessels derived from MSCs and ECFCs augmented in vivo tubulogenesis by the renal tubule-forming cells. In vitro coculture experiments showed that MSCs and ECFCs induced self-renewal and genes associated with mesenchymal-epithelial transition in renal tubule-forming cells, indicating paracrine effects. Notably, after renal injury, renal tubule-forming cells and vessel-forming cells infused into the renal artery did not penetrate the renal vascular network to generate vessels; only administering them into the kidney parenchyma resulted in similar generation of human renovascular units in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Combined cell therapy of vessel-forming cells and renal tubule-forming cells aimed at alleviating renal hypoxia and enhancing tubulogenesis holds promise as the basis for new renal regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Pleniceanu
- The Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and Pediatric Nephrology Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Harari-Steinberg
- The Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and Pediatric Nephrology Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Dorit Omer
- The Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and Pediatric Nephrology Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yehudit Gnatek
- The Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and Pediatric Nephrology Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Bat-El Lachmi
- The Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and Pediatric Nephrology Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Osnat Cohen-Zontag
- The Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and Pediatric Nephrology Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Aviv Barzilai
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Matan Yampolsky
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Barak Rosenzweig
- Department of Urology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Alon Eisner
- Department of Urology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Zohar Dotan
- Department of Urology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Leon G Fine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- The Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and Pediatric Nephrology Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shoshana Greenberger
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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9
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Lever JM, Hull TD, Boddu R, Pepin ME, Black LM, Adedoyin OO, Yang Z, Traylor AM, Jiang Y, Li Z, Peabody JE, Eckenrode HE, Crossman DK, Crowley MR, Bolisetty S, Zimmerman KA, Wende AR, Mrug M, Yoder BK, Agarwal A, George JF. Resident macrophages reprogram toward a developmental state after acute kidney injury. JCI Insight 2019; 4:e125503. [PMID: 30674729 PMCID: PMC6413788 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a devastating clinical condition affecting at least two-thirds of critically ill patients, and, among these patients, it is associated with a greater than 60% risk of mortality. Kidney mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) are implicated in pathogenesis and healing in mouse models of AKI and, thus, have been the subject of investigation as potential targets for clinical intervention. We have determined that, after injury, F4/80hi-expressing kidney-resident macrophages (KRMs) are a distinct cellular subpopulation that does not differentiate from nonresident infiltrating MPs. However, if KRMs are depleted using polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), they can be reconstituted from bone marrow-derived precursors. Further, KRMs lack major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) expression before P7 but upregulate it over the next 14 days. This MHCII- KRM phenotype reappears after injury. RNA sequencing shows that injury causes transcriptional reprogramming of KRMs such that they more closely resemble that found at P7. KRMs after injury are also enriched in Wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnt) signaling, indicating that a pathway vital for mouse and human kidney development is active. These data indicate that mechanisms involved in kidney development may be functioning after injury in KRMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremie M. Lever
- Department of Medicine and
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Travis D. Hull
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ravindra Boddu
- Department of Medicine and
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Laurence M. Black
- Department of Medicine and
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Oreoluwa O. Adedoyin
- Department of Medicine and
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Zhengqin Yang
- Department of Medicine and
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Amie M. Traylor
- Department of Medicine and
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yanlin Jiang
- Department of Medicine and
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Zhang Li
- Department of Cellular, Developmental and Integrative Biology, and
| | | | - Han E. Eckenrode
- Department of Medicine and
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David K. Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael R. Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Subhashini Bolisetty
- Department of Medicine and
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | | | - Michal Mrug
- Department of Medicine and
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Bradley K. Yoder
- Department of Cellular, Developmental and Integrative Biology, and
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Department of Medicine and
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James F. George
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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10
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Bissler JJ, Zadjali F, Bridges D, Astrinidis A, Barone S, Yao Y, Redd JR, Siroky BJ, Wang Y, Finley JT, Rusiniak ME, Baumann H, Zahedi K, Gross KW, Soleimani M. Tuberous sclerosis complex exhibits a new renal cystogenic mechanism. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e13983. [PMID: 30675765 PMCID: PMC6344348 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a tumor predisposition syndrome with significant renal cystic and solid tumor disease. While the most common renal tumor in TSC, the angiomyolipoma, exhibits a loss of heterozygosity associated with disease, we have discovered that the renal cystic epithelium is composed of type A intercalated cells that have an intact Tsc gene that have been induced to exhibit Tsc-mutant disease phenotype. This mechanism appears to be different than that for ADPKD. The murine models described here closely resemble the human disease and both appear to be mTORC1 inhibitor responsive. The induction signaling driving cystogenesis may be mediated by extracellular vesicle trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Bissler
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
- St. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCollege of Medicine & Health SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscatOman
| | - Dave Bridges
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - Sharon Barone
- Departments of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Center on Genetics of TransportUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Research ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - JeAnna R. Redd
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Brian J. Siroky
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Joel T. Finley
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - Michael E. Rusiniak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Heinz Baumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Kamyar Zahedi
- Departments of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Center on Genetics of TransportUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Research ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
| | - Kenneth W. Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Departments of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Center on Genetics of TransportUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Research ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
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11
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Bissler JJ, Christopher Kingswood J. Renal manifestation of tuberous sclerosis complex. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 178:338-347. [PMID: 30307110 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a tumor predisposition syndrome with significant renal cystic and solid tumor disease. It commonly causes several types of cystic disease and benign tumors (angiomyolipomata) in the kidneys that can both lead to significant premature loss of glomerular filtration rate. The main risks of angiomyolipomata, severe bleeding, loss of renal function, and pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis, can be ameliorated by active surveillance and preemptive therapy with mTOR inhibitors. The cystogenic mechanism may involve primary cilia, but also appears to also involve a majority of normal tubular cells and may be driven by a minority of cells with mutations inactivating both their TSC1 or TSC2 genes. Malignant tumors are rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Bissler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - J Christopher Kingswood
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Centre, St. Georges University of London, London, United kingdom
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12
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Regenerative medicine in kidney disease: where we stand and where to go. Pediatr Nephrol 2018; 33:1457-1465. [PMID: 28735502 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-017-3754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The kidney is a complex organ with more than 20 types of specialized cells that play an important role in maintaining the body's homeostasis. The epithelial tubular cell is formed during embryonic development and has little proliferative capacity under physiological conditions, but after acute injury the kidney does have regenerative capacity. However, after repetitive or severe lesions, it may undergo a maladaptation process that predisposes it to chronic kidney injury. Regenerative medicine includes various repair and regeneration techniques, and these have gained increasing attention in the scientific literature. In the future, not only will these techniques contribute to the repair and regeneration of the human kidney, but probably also to the construction of an entire organ. New mechanisms studied for kidney regeneration and repair include circulating stem cells as mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and their paracrine mechanisms of action; renal progenitor stem cells; the leading role of tubular epithelial cells in the tubular repair process; the study of zebrafish larvae to understand the process of nephron development, kidney scaffold and its repopulation; and, finally, the development of organoids. This review elucidates where we are in terms of current scientific knowledge regarding these mechanisms and the promises of future scientific perspectives.
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13
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Trobaugh-Lotrario AD, López-Terrada D, Li P, Feusner JH. Hepatoblastoma in patients with molecularly proven familial adenomatous polyposis: Clinical characteristics and rationale for surveillance screening. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e27103. [PMID: 29719120 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) due to APC mutation is associated with an increased risk of hepatoblastoma. All cases of hepatoblastoma in patients with FAP reported in the literature were reviewed. One hundred and nine patients were identified. Thirty-five patients (of 49 with data) were diagnosed with hepatoblastoma prior to a later diagnosis of FAP (often in association with advanced colorectal carcinoma), emphasizing a need to identify patients earlier with germline APC mutations for early colorectal carcinoma screening. Hepatoblastoma may present at birth, and screening for hepatoblastoma in infancy in families with FAP prior to APC mutation testing results may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dolores López-Terrada
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James H Feusner
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital & Research Center Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
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14
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Renal lineage cells as a source for renal regeneration. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:267-274. [PMID: 28985199 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian kidney is a highly complex organ, composed of various cell types within a unique structural framework. Nonetheless, in recent years, giant leaps in our understanding of nephrogenesis and the origin of new cells in the adult kidney have resulted in novel routes to regenerate damaged nephrons. While several strategies can be envisioned to achieve this aim, one common theme is the reliance on renal lineage cells, as extrarenal cells, such as bone marrow-derived cells, have been shown to be devoid of renal differentiation capacity. Herein, we will present the main motivation for the pursuit for cell-based therapies, which is the ever growing problem of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and discuss different strategies toward replenishing the damaged renal parenchyma. These include transplantation of fetal kidney grafts or fetal kidney stem cells, directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into kidney epithelia, establishment of renal progenitors from the adult kidney, and genetic reprogramming of mature kidney cells into a progenitor state. Taken together with novel techniques recapitulating the three-dimensional developmental environment, these advances are expected to take the field into a new era, bringing us closer than ever to the day when kidney stem cell-based therapy becomes a viable therapeutic option.
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15
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Minuth W. Reading First Coordinates from the Nephrogenic Zone in Human Fetal Kidney. Nephron Clin Pract 2017; 138:137-146. [DOI: 10.1159/000481441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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16
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Pleniceanu O, Shukrun R, Omer D, Vax E, Kanter I, Dziedzic K, Pode-Shakked N, Mark-Daniei M, Pri-Chen S, Gnatek Y, Alfandary H, Varda-Bloom N, Bar-Lev DD, Bollag N, Shtainfeld R, Armon L, Urbach A, Kalisky T, Nagler A, Harari-Steinberg O, Arbiser JL, Dekel B. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is central to the initiation and propagation of human angiomyolipoma, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:508-530. [PMID: 28275008 PMCID: PMC5376758 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201506111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiomyolipoma (AML), the most common benign renal tumor, can result in severe morbidity from hemorrhage and renal failure. While mTORC1 activation is involved in its growth, mTORC1 inhibitors fail to eradicate AML, highlighting the need for new therapies. Moreover, the identity of the AML cell of origin is obscure. AML research, however, is hampered by the lack of in vivo models. Here, we establish a human AML‐xenograft (Xn) model in mice, recapitulating AML at the histological and molecular levels. Microarray analysis demonstrated tumor growth in vivo to involve robust PPARG‐pathway activation. Similarly, immunostaining revealed strong PPARG expression in human AML specimens. Accordingly, we demonstrate that while PPARG agonism accelerates AML growth, PPARG antagonism is inhibitory, strongly suppressing AML proliferation and tumor‐initiating capacity, via a TGFB‐mediated inhibition of PDGFB and CTGF. Finally, we show striking similarity between AML cell lines and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in terms of antigen and gene expression and differentiation potential. Altogether, we establish the first in vivo human AML model, which provides evidence that AML may originate in a PPARG‐activated renal MSC lineage that is skewed toward adipocytes and smooth muscle and away from osteoblasts, and uncover PPARG as a regulator of AML growth, which could serve as an attractive therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Pleniceanu
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Hematology and Cord Blood Bank, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Racheli Shukrun
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dorit Omer
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Einav Vax
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itamar Kanter
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Klaudyna Dziedzic
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naomi Pode-Shakked
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Mark-Daniei
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sara Pri-Chen
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yehudit Gnatek
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hadas Alfandary
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Nephrology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Nira Varda-Bloom
- Division of Hematology and Cord Blood Bank, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dekel D Bar-Lev
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Naomi Bollag
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rachel Shtainfeld
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Leah Armon
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Achia Urbach
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tomer Kalisky
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Division of Hematology and Cord Blood Bank, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Harari-Steinberg
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta Veterans Administration Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel .,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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17
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Schmidt-Ott KM. How to grow a kidney: patient-specific kidney organoids come of age. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017; 32:17-23. [PMID: 27411722 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion of regrowing a patient's kidney in a dish has fascinated researchers for decades and has spurred visions of revolutionary clinical applications. Recently, this option has come closer to reality. Key technologies have been developed to generate patient-specific pluripotent stem cells and to edit their genome. Several laboratories have devised protocols to differentiate patient-specific pluripotent stem cells into kidney cells or into in vitro organoids that resemble the kidney with respect to cell types, tissue architecture and disease pathology. This was possible because of rapidly expanding knowledge regarding the cellular and molecular basis of embryonic kidney development. Generating kidney cells or organoids from patient-specific stem cells may prove to be clinically useful in several ways. First, patient-specific kidney cells or organoids could be used to predict an individual's response to stressors, toxins or medications and thereby develop personalized treatment decisions. Second, patient-specific stem cells harbour the individual's genetic defects. This may potentially enable genetic rescue attempts to establish the significance of a genetic defect in a stem cell-derived organoid or it may allow testing of patient-specific targeted therapies for kidney disease in vitro. From a tissue engineering perspective, patient-specific kidney organoids might provide a key advance towards engineering immunocompatible transplantable kidneys. This review article summarizes recent developments in the field and discusses its current limitations and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Pode-Shakked N, Gershon R, Tam G, Omer D, Gnatek Y, Kanter I, Oriel S, Katz G, Harari-Steinberg O, Kalisky T, Dekel B. Evidence of In Vitro Preservation of Human Nephrogenesis at the Single-Cell Level. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:279-291. [PMID: 28552604 PMCID: PMC5511042 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
During nephrogenesis, stem/progenitor cells differentiate and give rise to early nephron structures that segment to proximal and distal nephron cell types. Previously, we prospectively isolated progenitors from human fetal kidney (hFK) utilizing a combination of surface markers. However, upon culture nephron progenitors differentiated and could not be robustly maintained in vitro. Here, by culturing hFK in a modified medium used for in vitro growth of mouse nephron progenitors, and by dissection of NCAM+/CD133− progenitor cells according to EpCAM expression (NCAM+/CD133−/EpCAM−, NCAM+/CD133−/EpCAMdim, NCAM+/CD133−/EpCAMbright), we show at single-cell resolution a preservation of uninduced and induced cap mesenchyme as well as a transitioning mesenchymal-epithelial state. Concomitantly, differentiating and differentiated epithelial lineages are also maintained. In vitro expansion of discrete stages of early human nephrogenesis in nephron stem cell cultures may be used for drug screening on a full repertoire of developing kidney cells and for prospective isolation of mesenchymal or epithelial renal lineages for regenerative medicine. mNPEM enables in vitro preservation of human renal embryonic CM and epithelia EpCAM allows further dissection of expanded NCAM+CD133− early nephric population Single-cell analysis unveils a continuous lineage hierarchy in nephrogenesis and WT Splice isoform switching confirms a unified MET hierarchy in nephrogenesis and WT
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Pode-Shakked
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel; Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel; The Dr. Pinchas Borenstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Rotem Gershon
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel; Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Gal Tam
- Faculty of Engineering and Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Dorit Omer
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel; Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - Yehudit Gnatek
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel; Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - Itamar Kanter
- Faculty of Engineering and Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Sarit Oriel
- Faculty of Engineering and Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Guy Katz
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel; Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel; The Dr. Pinchas Borenstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel; The Joseph Buchman Gynecology and Maternity Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Orit Harari-Steinberg
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel; Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - Tomer Kalisky
- Faculty of Engineering and Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel; Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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19
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Abstract
The cell-surface glycoprotein CD56 has three major isoforms that play important roles in cell adhesion and signaling, which may promote cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, or migration. It is an important molecule in normal kidney development and acts as a key marker in Wilms tumor stem and progenitor cells. Here, we review the structural and genetic features of the CD56 glycoprotein, and summarize its roles in the normal versus diseased metanephric blastema. We discuss areas of CD56-related research that may complement or improve existing Wilms tumor treatment strategies, including the antibody-drug conjugate lorvotuzumab mertansine that binds to CD56.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Yap
- a Department of Life Sciences , Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Jesper Brok
- b University College London Institute of Child Health, Cancer Section , London , UK
- c Rigshospitalet , Kobenhavn , Denmark
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20
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Joo E, Lombaert I, Yamada K. Hyperacetylation of Microtubules in Mesenchymal Cells Increases Cytokeratin 14-Positive Epithelial Progenitors in Developing Salivary Glands. J Dent Res 2016; 95:1518-1527. [PMID: 27542391 PMCID: PMC5119680 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516662450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells engage in bidirectional communication with their surroundings. This reciprocal dialogue between cells and their cellular microenvironments often governs the maintenance and differentiation of stem/progenitor cells. Here, the authors present evidence that in developing salivary gland explants, a single posttranslational change in microtubules in mesenchymal cells alters the mesenchymal microenvironment and promotes the maintenance and differentiation of a subset of epithelial progenitor cells that impairs branching morphogenesis. Specifically, the authors report that hyperacetylation of microtubules in mesenchymal cells increased cytokeratin 14-positive (K14+) progenitors and their differentiated progeny, myoepithelial cells, in epithelial basal and suprabasal layers in the distal endbud region of developing salivary glands. Mechanistically, this process engages the transforming growth factor β1 protein and Notch signaling pathways. This report establishes that a simple posttranslational change in the cytoskeletal system of mesenchyme dictates the maintenance and differentiation of adjacent epithelial progenitor cells to alter branching morphogenesis of the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.E. Joo
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - I.M.A. Lombaert
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K.M. Yamada
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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21
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Early wound healing of laser in situ keratomileusis-like flaps after treatment with human corneal stromal stem cells. J Cataract Refract Surg 2016; 42:302-9. [PMID: 27026456 PMCID: PMC4819535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To use a well-established organ culture model to investigate the effects of corneal stromal stem cells on the optical and biomechanical properties of corneal wounds after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)-like flap creation. SETTING School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom. DESIGN Experimental study. METHODS The LASIK-like flaps were produced in sheep corneas. The flap beds were treated with corneal stromal stem cells and were then replaced and allowed to heal for different periods of up to 3 weeks in organ culture. The optical transmission of the cornea, the force required to detach the flap, and the presence of myofibroblasts near the flap bed were measured. RESULTS Corneal stromal stem cell-treated flap beds were statistically significantly more transparent after 3 weeks in culture than the untreated controls. At 3 weeks, the mean force necessary to detach the flap was more than twice the force required for the respective control samples. Concurrently, there were 44% activated cells immediately below the flap margin of the controls compared with 29% in the same region of the corneal stromal stem cell-treated flaps. CONCLUSIONS In this system, the presence of corneal stromal stem cells at the wound margin significantly increased the adherence of LASIK-like flaps while maintaining corneal transparency. It is postulated that this is achieved by the deposition of extracellular connective tissue similar to that found in the normal cornea and by the paucity of activated keratocytes (myofibroblasts), which are known to scatter a significant amount of the incident light. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
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22
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Phuphaibul R, Teamprathom W, Puckpinyo A, Tharakul S. Can a community-based multidisciplinary intervention effectively restore renal function? A non-randomized clinical trial. Nurs Health Sci 2016; 18:533-538. [PMID: 27594201 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is insufficient evidence in the literature to indicate whether the promotion of lifestyle changes to prevent renal dysfunction and activate regeneration is effective. We examined the effectiveness of a community-based intervention program on renal restoration using a non-randomized clinical trial design with a follow-up period of six months. The training focused on lifestyle changes, including health education and personal consultation with a multidisciplinary health team. Our study included 120 patients with fractional excretion of magnesium levels of > 2%, who were assigned to experimental or control groups. Fractional excretion of magnesium levels were significantly decreased within six months in the experimental group; however, changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate were not identified in either of the groups. These results suggest that screening of the fractional excretion of magnesium level and the "Healthy Kidney Program" had an effect in preventing chronic kidney disease or restoring kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutja Phuphaibul
- Ramathibodi School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Apa Puckpinyo
- Asian Institute of Health Development, Mahidol University, Nakorn Prathom, Thailand
| | - Supannee Tharakul
- Ramathibodi School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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23
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Arcolino FO, Zia S, Held K, Papadimitriou E, Theunis K, Bussolati B, Raaijmakers A, Allegaert K, Voet T, Deprest J, Vriens J, Toelen J, van den Heuvel L, Levtchenko E. Urine of Preterm Neonates as a Novel Source of Kidney Progenitor Cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:2762-70. [PMID: 26940093 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015060664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, nephrogenesis is completed prenatally, with nephrons formed until 34 weeks of gestational age. We hypothesized that urine of preterm neonates born before the completion of nephrogenesis is a noninvasive source of highly potent stem/progenitor cells. To test this hypothesis, we collected freshly voided urine at day 1 after birth from neonates born at 31-36 weeks of gestational age and characterized isolated cells using a single-cell RT-PCR strategy for gene expression analysis and flow cytometry and immunofluorescence for protein expression analysis. Neonatal stem/progenitor cells expressed markers of nephron progenitors but also, stromal progenitors, with many single cells coexpressing these markers. Furthermore, these cells presented mesenchymal stem cell features and protected cocultured tubule cells from cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Podocytes differentiated from the neonatal stem/progenitor cells showed upregulation of podocyte-specific genes and proteins, albumin endocytosis, and calcium influx via podocyte-specific transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6. Differentiated proximal tubule cells showed upregulation of specific genes and significantly elevated p-glycoprotein activity. We conclude that urine of preterm neonates is a novel noninvasive source of kidney progenitors that are capable of differentiation into mature kidney cells and have high potential for regenerative kidney repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Oliveira Arcolino
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group of Biomedical Sciences and
| | - Silvia Zia
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group of Biomedical Sciences and
| | - Katharina Held
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group of Biomedical Sciences and
| | - Elli Papadimitriou
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Koen Theunis
- Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Anke Raaijmakers
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Karel Allegaert
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group of Biomedical Sciences and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Thierry Voet
- Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Deprest
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Joris Vriens
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group of Biomedical Sciences and
| | - Jaan Toelen
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Lambertus van den Heuvel
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Levtchenko
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Pediatrics and
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Minuth WW, Denk L. Special Morphological Features at the Interface of the Renal Stem/Progenitor Cell Niche Force to Reinvestigate Transport of Morphogens During Nephron Induction. Biores Open Access 2016; 5:49-60. [PMID: 26862472 PMCID: PMC4744892 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2015.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of a nephron depends on reciprocal signaling of different morphogens between epithelial and mesenchymal cells within the renal stem/progenitor cell niche. Previously, it has been surmised that a close proximity exists between both involved cell types and that morphogens are transported between them by diffusion. However, actual morphological data illustrate that mesenchymal and epithelial stem/progenitor cell bodies are separated by a striking interface. Special fixation of specimens by glutaraldehyde (GA) solution including cupromeronic blue, ruthenium red, or tannic acid for electron microscopy depicts that the interface is not void but filled in extended areas by textured extracellular matrix. Surprisingly, projections of mesenchymal cells cross the interface to contact epithelial cells. At those sites the plasma membranes of a mesenchymal and an epithelial cell are connected via tunneling nanotubes. Regarding detected morphological features in combination with involved morphogens, their transport cannot longer be explained solely by diffusion. Instead, it has to be sorted according to biophysical properties of morphogens and to detected environment. Thus, the new working hypothesis is that morphogens with good solubility such as glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are transported by diffusion. Morphogens with minor solubility such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted and stored for delivery on demand in illustrated extracellular matrix. In contrast, morphogens with poor solubility such as Wnts are transported in mesenchymal cell projections along the plasma membrane or via illustrated tunneling nanotubes. However, the presence of an intercellular route between mesenchymal and epithelial stem/progenitor cells by tunneling nanotubes also makes it possible that all morphogens are transported this way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will W Minuth
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg , Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lucia Denk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg , Regensburg, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Dekel
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Chen CL, Chou KJ, Fang HC, Hsu CY, Huang WC, Huang CW, Huang CK, Chen HY, Lee PT. Progenitor-like cells derived from mouse kidney protect against renal fibrosis in a remnant kidney model via decreased endothelial mesenchymal transition. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:239. [PMID: 26631265 PMCID: PMC4668678 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pathophysiological changes associated with chronic kidney disease impair angiogenic processes and increase renal fibrosis. Progenitor-like cells derived from adult kidney have been previously used to promote regeneration in acute kidney injury, even though it remained unclear whether the cells could be beneficial in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods In this study, we established a CKD model by five-sixths nephrectomy and mouse kidney progenitor-like cells (MKPCs) were intravenously administered weekly for 5 weeks after establishing CKD. We examined the impact of MKPCs on the progression of renal fibrosis and the potential of MKPCs to preserve the angiogenic process and prevent endothelial mesenchymal transition in vivo and in vitro. Results Our results demonstrate that the MKPCs delayed interstitial fibrosis and the progression of glomerular sclerosis and ameliorated the decline of kidney function. At 17 weeks, the treated mice exhibited lower blood pressures, higher hematocrit levels, and larger kidney sizes than the control mice. In addition, the MKPC treatment prolonged the survival of the mice with chronic kidney injuries. We observed a decreased recruitment of macrophages and myofibroblasts in the interstitium and the increased tubular proliferation. Notably, MKPC both decreased the level of vascular rarefaction and prevented endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in the remnant kidneys. Moreover, the conditioned medium from the MKPCs ameliorated endothelial cell death under hypoxic culture conditions and prevented TGF-β-induced EndoMT through downregulation of phosphorylated Smad 3 in vitro. Conclusions MKPCs may be a beneficial treatment for kidney diseases characterized by progressive renal fibrosis. The enhanced preservation of angiogenic processes following MKPC injections may be associated with decreased fibrosis in the remnant kidney. These findings provide further understanding of the mechanisms involved in these processes and will help develop new cell-based therapeutic strategies for regenerative medicine in renal fibrosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0241-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 386 Ta-Chung 1st Rd, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan.
| | - K J Chou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 386 Ta-Chung 1st Rd, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan.
| | - H C Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 386 Ta-Chung 1st Rd, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan.
| | - C Y Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 386 Ta-Chung 1st Rd, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan.
| | - W C Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 386 Ta-Chung 1st Rd, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan.
| | - C W Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 386 Ta-Chung 1st Rd, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan.
| | - C K Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 386 Ta-Chung 1st Rd, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan.
| | - H Y Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 386 Ta-Chung 1st Rd, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan.
| | - P T Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 386 Ta-Chung 1st Rd, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan.
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Hirsch S, El-Achkar T, Robbins L, Basta J, Heitmeier M, Nishinakamura R, Rauchman M. A mouse model of Townes-Brocks syndrome expressing a truncated mutant Sall1 protein is protected from acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F852-63. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00222.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been postulated that developmental pathways are reutilized during repair and regeneration after injury, but functional analysis of many genes required for kidney formation has not been performed in the adult organ. Mutations in SALL1 cause Townes-Brocks syndrome (TBS) and nonsyndromic congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, both of which lead to childhood kidney failure. Sall1 is a transcriptional regulator that is expressed in renal progenitor cells and developing nephrons in the embryo. However, its role in the adult kidney has not been investigated. Using a mouse model of TBS ( Sall1 TBS), we investigated the role of Sall1 in response to acute kidney injury. Our studies revealed that Sall1 is expressed in terminally differentiated renal epithelia, including the S3 segment of the proximal tubule, in the mature kidney. Sall1 TBS mice exhibited significant protection from ischemia-reperfusion injury and aristolochic acid-induced nephrotoxicity. This protection from acute injury is seen despite the presence of slowly progressive chronic kidney disease in Sall1 TBS mice. Mice containing null alleles of Sall1 are not protected from acute kidney injury, indicating that expression of a truncated mutant protein from the Sall1 TBS allele, while causative of congenital anomalies, protects the adult kidney from injury. Our studies further revealed that basal levels of the preconditioning factor heme oxygenase-1 are elevated in Sall1 TBS kidneys, suggesting a mechanism for the relative resistance to injury in this model. Together, these studies establish a functional role for Sall1 in the response of the adult kidney to acute injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hirsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
- John Cochran Division, Veterans Affairs St. Louis Health Care System, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Tarek El-Achkar
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Lynn Robbins
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
- John Cochran Division, Veterans Affairs St. Louis Health Care System, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jeannine Basta
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
- John Cochran Division, Veterans Affairs St. Louis Health Care System, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Monique Heitmeier
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ryuichi Nishinakamura
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Michael Rauchman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
- John Cochran Division, Veterans Affairs St. Louis Health Care System, St. Louis, Missouri
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Huang Z, He L, Huang D, Lei S, Gao J. Icariin protects rats against 5/6 nephrectomy-induced chronic kidney failure by increasing the number of renal stem cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:378. [PMID: 26490949 PMCID: PMC4617909 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease poses a serious health problem worldwide with increasing prevalence and lack of effective treatment. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of icariin in alleviating chronic renal failure induced by 5/6 nephrectomy in rats. Methods The chronic renal failure model was established by a two-phased 5/6 nephrectomy procedure. The model rats were given daily doses of water or icariin for 8 weeks. The kidney morphology was checked by HE staining. The levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and serum uric acid were measured by colometric methods. The expression of specified genes was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemical staining. The number of renal stem/progenitor cells was analyzed by CD133 and CD24 immunohistochemical staining. Results Icariin protected against CDK-caused damages to kidney histology and improved renal function, significantly reduced levels of BUN, creatinine, and uric acid. Icariin inhibited the expression level of TGF-β1 whereas upregulated HGF, BMP-7, WT-1, and Pax2 expression. Moreover, ccariin significantly increased the expression of CD24, CD133, Osr1, and Nanog in remnant kidney and the numbers of CD133+/CD24+ renal stem/progenitor cells. Conclusions These data demonstrated that icariin effectively alleviated 5/6 nephrectomy induced chronic renal failure through increasing renal stem/progenitor cells.
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Yakimovich A, Andriasyan V, Witte R, Wang IH, Prasad V, Suomalainen M, Greber UF. Plaque2.0-A High-Throughput Analysis Framework to Score Virus-Cell Transmission and Clonal Cell Expansion. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138760. [PMID: 26413745 PMCID: PMC4587671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical plaque assay measures the propagation of infectious agents across a monolayer of cells. It is dependent on cell lysis, and limited by user-specific settings and low throughput. Here, we developed Plaque2.0, a broadly applicable, fluorescence microscopy-based high-throughput method to mine patho-biological clonal cell features. Plaque2.0 is an open source framework to extract information from chemically fixed cells by immuno-histochemistry or RNA in situ hybridization, or from live cells expressing GFP transgene. Multi-parametric measurements include infection density, intensity, area, shape or location information at single plaque or population levels. Plaque2.0 distinguishes lytic and non-lytic spread of a variety of DNA and RNA viruses, including vaccinia virus, adenovirus and rhinovirus, and can be used to visualize simultaneous plaque formation from co-infecting viruses. Plaque2.0 also analyzes clonal growth of cancer cells, which is relevant for cell migration and metastatic invasion studies. Plaque2.0 is suitable to quantitatively analyze virus infections, vector properties, or cancer cell phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Yakimovich
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vardan Andriasyan
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Witte
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - I-Hsuan Wang
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vibhu Prasad
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maarit Suomalainen
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs F. Greber
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Lineage tracing is a powerful tool to track cells in vivo and provides enhanced spatial, temporal, and kinetic resolution of the mechanisms that underlie tissue renewal and repair. The data obtained from novel mouse models engineered for lineage tracing has started to transform our understanding of the changes in cell fate that underlie renal pathophysiology, the role of stem and/or progenitor cells in kidney development, and the mechanisms of kidney regeneration. The complexity of the genetic systems that are engineered for lineage tracing requires careful analysis and interpretation. In this Review we emphasize that close attention in lineage tracing studies must be paid to the specificity of the promoter, the use of drug-controlled activation of Cre recombinase as a genetic switch, and the type of reporter that should be engineered into lineage tracing genetic constructs. We evaluate the optimal experimental conditions required to achieve the pre-specified aims of the study and discuss the novel genetic techniques that are becoming available to study putative renal progenitor cells and the mechanisms of kidney regeneration.
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31
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Hishikawa K, Takase O, Yoshikawa M, Tsujimura T, Nangaku M, Takato T. Adult stem-like cells in kidney. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:490-494. [PMID: 25815133 PMCID: PMC4369505 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i2.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent cells are promising for treatment for kidney diseases, but the protocols for derivation of kidney cell types are still controversial. Kidney tissue regeneration is well confirmed in several lower vertebrates such as fish, and the repair of nephrons after tubular damages is commonly observed after renal injury. Even in adult mammal kidney, renal progenitor cell or system is reportedly presents suggesting that adult stem-like cells in kidney can be practical clinical targets for kidney diseases. However, it is still unclear if kidney stem cells or stem-like cells exist or not. In general, stemness is defined by several factors such as self-renewal capacity, multi-lineage potency and characteristic gene expression profiles. The definite use of stemness may be obstacle to understand kidney regeneration, and here we describe the recent broad findings of kidney regeneration and the cells that contribute regeneration.
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32
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Ranghino A, Dimuccio V, Papadimitriou E, Bussolati B. Extracellular vesicles in the urine: markers and mediators of tissue damage and regeneration. Clin Kidney J 2014; 8:23-30. [PMID: 25713706 PMCID: PMC4310438 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfu136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As in several body fluids, urine is a rich reservoir of extracellular vesicles (EVs) directly originating from cells facing the urinary lumen, including differentiated tubular cells, progenitor cells and infiltrating inflammatory cells. Several markers of glomerular and tubular damage, such as WT-1, ATF3 and NGAL, as well as of renal regeneration, such as CD133, have been identified representing an incredible source of information for diagnostic purposes. In addition, urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) appear to be involved in the cell-to-cell communication along the nephron, although this aspect needs further elucidation. Finally, uEVs emerge as potential amplifying or limiting factors in renal damage. Vesicles from injured cells may favour fibrosis and disease progression whereas those from cells with regenerative potential appear to promote cell survival. Here, we will discuss the most recent findings of the literature, on the light of the role of EVs in diagnosis and therapy for damage and repair of the renal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ranghino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Torino , Torino , Italy ; Department of Medical Sciences , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Veronica Dimuccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Elli Papadimitriou
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
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33
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Luft FC. Mesenchymal stem cells seem too good to believe! J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:1117-8. [PMID: 25214065 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich C Luft
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany.
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