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Pan X, Chen Y, Yang Y, Kidambi S, Liang M, Liu P. Mediating effects of BMI on the association between DNA methylation regions and 24-h blood pressure in African Americans. J Hypertens 2024; 42:1750-1756. [PMID: 38973536 PMCID: PMC11361834 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism that may influence blood pressure (BP) regulation and hypertension risk. Obesity, a major lifestyle factor associated with hypertension, may interact with DNA methylation to affect BP. However, the indirect effect of DNA methylation on 24-h BP measurements mediated by obesity-related phenotypes such as BMI has not been investigated. METHODS Causal mediation analysis was applied to examine the mediating role of BMI in the relation between DNA methylation and 24-h BP phenotypes, including SBP, DBP and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), in 281 African American participants. RESULTS Analysis of 38 215 DNA methylation regions, derived from 1 549 368 CpG sites across the genome, identified up to 138 methylation regions that were significantly associated with 24-h BP measurements through BMI mediation. Among them, 38 (19.2%) methylation regions were concurrently associated with SBP, DBP and MAP. Genes associated with BMI-mediated methylation regions are potentially involved in various chronic diseases such as coronary artery disease and renal disease, which are often caused or exacerbated by hypertension. Notably, three genes ( CDH4 , NOTCH1 and COLGALT1 ) showed both direct associations with 24-h BP measurements and indirect associations through BMI after adjusting for age and sex covariates. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that DNA methylation may contribute to the regulation of 24-h BP in African Americans both directly and indirectly through BMI mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuru Chen
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Transwarp Technology Co., LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Srividya Kidambi
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mingyu Liang
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Kim JH, Thiruvengadam R. Hypertension in an ageing population: Diagnosis, mechanisms, collateral health risks, treatments, and clinical challenges. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102344. [PMID: 38768716 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Ageing population is considerably increasing worldwide, which is considered to reflect an improved quality of life. However, longevity in the human lifespan has increased the burden of late-life illnesses including cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular dysfunction. Of these, hypertension is the most common condition with huge health risks, with an increased prevalence among the elderly. In this review, we outline the current guidelines for defining hypertension and examine the detailed mechanisms underlying the relationship between hypertension and ageing-related outcomes, including sodium sensitivity, arterial stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, isolated systolic hypertension, white coat effect, and orthostatic hypertension. As hypertension-related collateral health risk increases among the elderly, the available management strategies are necessary to overcome the clinical treatment challenges faced among elderly population. To improve longevity and reduce adverse health effects, potential approaches producing crucial information into new era of medicine should be considered in the prevention and treatment of hypertension among elderly population. This review provides an overview of mechanisms underlying hypertension and its related collateral health risk in elderly population, along with multiple approaches and management strategies to improve the clinical challenges among elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Rekha Thiruvengadam
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, the Republic of Korea
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Lu H, Jiang X, He L, Ji X, Li X, Liu S, Sun Y, Qin X, Xiong X, Philipsen S, Xi B, Zhang M, Yang J, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Endothelial Sp1/Sp3 are essential to the effect of captopril on blood pressure in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5891. [PMID: 37735515 PMCID: PMC10514286 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction represents a major cardiovascular risk factor for hypertension. Sp1 and Sp3 belong to the specificity protein and Krüppel-like transcription factor families. They are ubiquitously expressed and closely associated with cardiovascular development. We investigate the role of Sp1 and Sp3 in endothelial cells in vivo and evaluate whether captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), targets Sp1/Sp3 to exert its effects. Inducible endothelial-specific Sp1/Sp3 knockout mice are generated to elucidate their role in endothelial cells. Tamoxifen-induced deletion of endothelial Sp1 and Sp3 in male mice decreases the serum nitrite/nitrate level, impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilation, and causes hypertension and cardiac remodeling. The beneficial actions of captopril are abolished by endothelial-specific deletion of Sp1/Sp3, indicating that they may be targets for ACEIs. Captopril increases Sp1/Sp3 protein levels by recruiting histone deacetylase 1, which elevates deacetylation and suppressed degradation of Sp1/Sp3. Sp1/Sp3 represents innovative therapeutic target for captopril to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuxin Jiang
- Department of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lifan He
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuyang Ji
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyun Li
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shaozhuang Liu
- Department of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoteng Qin
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiwen Xiong
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Sjaak Philipsen
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bo Xi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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4
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Liu N, Xia L. Investigation of epigenetics insights of hypertension: A bibliometric analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35125. [PMID: 37682151 PMCID: PMC10489307 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypertension remains a major risk factor for myocardial infarction, heart failure, end-stage renal disease, and stroke. Multiple genes are involved in the process of hypertension with an additional dimension of interaction with the environment. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of publications in the field of hypertension and epigenetics over the past 10 years to summarize the current status of the field and analyze the trends in the field. METHODS On February 5, 2023, we chose the web of science core collection database as the study data source. VOS viewer 1.6.18 and Cite Space 6.1.6 were used to examine publications of research on hypertension and epigenetics that were published between 2013 and 2022. We looked through the papers for journals, organizations, nations and regions, authors, and key terms. RESULTS This analysis covered a total of 1535 papers on studies into hypertension and epigenetics. There were 7279 authors, 83 nations, 1983 organizations, and 606 journals in all of the articles. In the USA, 540 publications were the most. The institution with the most publications was Harvard Medical School. The author with the most articles was Zhao Lubo. CONCLUSION This study summarizes the global research trends in hypertension and epigenetics. Publications in this field have increased year by year in the last decade and the field of research on hypertension and epigenetics has good prospects for growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lina Xia
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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5
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Roberts ML, Kotchen TA, Pan X, Li Y, Yang C, Liu P, Wang T, Laud PW, Chelius TH, Munyura Y, Mattson DL, Liu Y, Cowley AW, Kidambi S, Liang M. Unique Associations of DNA Methylation Regions With 24-Hour Blood Pressure Phenotypes in Blacks. Hypertension 2022; 79:761-772. [PMID: 34994206 PMCID: PMC8917053 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic marks (eg, DNA methylation) may capture the effect of gene-environment interactions. DNA methylation is involved in blood pressure (BP) regulation and hypertension development; however, no studies have evaluated its relationship with 24-hour BP phenotypes (daytime, nighttime, and 24-hour average BPs). METHODS We examined the association of whole blood DNA methylation with 24-hour BP phenotypes and clinic BPs in a discovery cohort of 281 Blacks using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. We developed a deep and region-specific methylation sequencing method, Bisulfite ULtrapLEx Targeted Sequencing and utilized it to validate our findings in a separate validation cohort (n=117). RESULTS Analysis of 38 215 DNA methylation regions (MRs), derived from 1 549 368 CpG sites across the genome, identified up to 72 regions that were significantly associated with 24-hour BP phenotypes. No MR was significantly associated with clinic BP. Two to 3 MRs were significantly associated with various 24-hour BP phenotypes after adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index. Together, these MRs explained up to 16.5% of the variance of 24-hour average BP, while age, sex, and BMI explained up to 11.0% of the variance. Analysis of one of the MRs in an independent cohort using Bisulfite ULtrapLEx Targeted Sequencing confirmed its association with 24-hour average BP phenotype. CONCLUSIONS We identified several MRs that explain a substantial portion of variances in 24-hour BP phenotypes, which might be excellent markers of cumulative effect of factors influencing 24-hour BP levels. The Bisulfite ULtrapLEx Targeted Sequencing workflow has potential to be suitable for clinical testing and population screenings on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Roberts
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. (M.L.R., X.P., Y.L., C.Y., P.L., F.L.M., A.W.C., M.L.)
| | - Theodore A Kotchen
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. (T.A.K., Y.M., S.K.)
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. (M.L.R., X.P., Y.L., C.Y., P.L., F.L.M., A.W.C., M.L.).,Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, China (X.P.)
| | - Yingchuan Li
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. (M.L.R., X.P., Y.L., C.Y., P.L., F.L.M., A.W.C., M.L.).,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University affiliated the Sixth People's Hospital, China (Y.L.)
| | - Chun Yang
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. (M.L.R., X.P., Y.L., C.Y., P.L., F.L.M., A.W.C., M.L.)
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. (M.L.R., X.P., Y.L., C.Y., P.L., F.L.M., A.W.C., M.L.).,The Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (P.L.)
| | | | - Purushottam W Laud
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. (P.W.L.)
| | - Thomas H Chelius
- Division of Epidemiology, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. (T.H.C.)
| | - Yannick Munyura
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. (T.A.K., Y.M., S.K.)
| | - David L Mattson
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (D.L.M.)
| | | | - Allen W Cowley
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. (M.L.R., X.P., Y.L., C.Y., P.L., F.L.M., A.W.C., M.L.)
| | - Srividya Kidambi
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. (T.A.K., Y.M., S.K.)
| | - Mingyu Liang
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. (M.L.R., X.P., Y.L., C.Y., P.L., F.L.M., A.W.C., M.L.)
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6
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Kidambi S, Pan X, Yang C, Liu P, Roberts ML, Li Y, Wang T, Laud PW, Liu Y, Rubens M, Thomas R, Widlansky ME, Beyer AM, Liu Y, Cowley AW, Kotchen TA, Munyura Y, Moosreiner A, Mattson DL, Liang M. Dietary Sodium Restriction Results in Tissue-Specific Changes in DNA Methylation in Humans. Hypertension 2021; 78:434-446. [PMID: 34120454 PMCID: PMC9299531 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.17351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Kidambi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Michelle L. Roberts
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yingchuan Li
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University affiliated the Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Purushottam W. Laud
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Merrill Rubens
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Richard Thomas
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Michael E. Widlansky
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Andreas M. Beyer
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Allen W. Cowley
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Theodore A. Kotchen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yannick Munyura
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Andrea Moosreiner
- Clinicalmand Translational Science Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - David L. Mattson
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mingyu Liang
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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7
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Peng W, Cao H, Liu K, Guo C, Sun Y, Qi H, Liu Z, Xie Y, Liu X, Li B, Zhang L. Identification of lncRNA-NR_104160 as a biomarker and construction of a lncRNA-related ceRNA network for essential hypertension. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:6060-6075. [PMID: 33194014 PMCID: PMC7653565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and construct a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network for essential hypertension. METHODS An RNA microarray and two-step quantitative real-time PCR were applied to identify differentially expressed RNAs (DE-RNAs), and a luciferase assay was performed to explore the binding relationship between RNAs. A generalized linear model and logistic regression model were used to analyze the associations between different RNAs and of RNAs with hypertension. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was executed to evaluate the diagnostic performance. Bioinformatics analysis was applied for network construction. RESULTS In total, 439 DE-RNAs (387 lncRNAs and 52 mRNAs) were identified in the microarray, and 71 'lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA' loops formed the ceRNA network. The first validation confirmed that five RNAs (NR_104160, lnc-GPR63-8:1, lnc-HPRT1-9:1, ID1 and RSL24D1) were significantly upregulated in hypertensives (P < 0.05). NR_104160 was significantly associated with hypertension (OR = 2.863, 95% CI: 1.143-7.172; P = 0.025) after adjusting for confounding factors. NR_104160 was included in the hypertension diagnostic model, with an area under the curve of 0.852 (95% CI: 0.761-0.944). In the second validation, NR_104160 showed a constant significant difference (P = 0.001). An elevated expression level of NR_104160 was associated with the expression of ID1 (β = 0.2235, P = 0.005). Luciferase assays showed hsa-miR-101-3p stimulation significantly inhibited the reporter gene activation ability of the NR_104160 wild-type plasmid (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study constructed a ceRNA network to provide hypotheses regarding the mechanism of hypertension development. lncRNA-NR_104160 was identified as a hub element that participates in hypertension transcriptional regulation and as a potential biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyBeijing 100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyBeijing 100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kuo Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyBeijing 100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyue Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyBeijing 100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyBeijing 100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Qi
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders and The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, School of Mental Health, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100088, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Science Department, Peking University People’s HospitalBeijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunyi Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyBeijing 100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyBeijing 100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingxiao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyBeijing 100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyBeijing 100069, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Feng X, Guo Q, Xue H, Duan X, Jin S, Wu Y. Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuated Angiotensin II-Induced Sympathetic Excitation in Offspring of Renovascular Hypertensive Rats. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:565726. [PMID: 33041805 PMCID: PMC7518068 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.565726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Numerous findings have demonstrated a strong association between parental health during pregnancy and cardiovascular disease in adult offspring. This study investigated whether sensitivity to angiotensin II (Ang II) is enhanced in offspring of renovascular hypertensive animals and whether hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can attenuate the increased response to Ang II in offspring. Method The systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by non-invasive tail-cuff plethysmograpy every two weeks in all offspring from 8 to 16 weeks. After intracerebroventricular microinjection of Ang II in the offspring, blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were recorded to test the response to Ang II in the offspring. Western blot analysis was used to examine the protein expression of AT1R, AT1R-associated protein (ATRAP), Nox2, p67phox, and nitrotyrosine in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). Results The SBP in the offspring of hypertensive rats were significantly higher than that in control group, and the above effects were significantly improved by prenatal or postnatal administration of H2S. Intralateroventricular microinjection of Ang II induced greater sympathetic responses in offspring of hypertensive rats than control group. The expression of AT1R and oxidative stress-related protein was increased, whereas that of ATRAP was decreased in the NTS in offspring of hypertensive rats. Exogenous administration of H2S prenatally or postnatally improved the above effects. Conclusion Prenatal or postnatal administration of H2S attenuated AngII-induced sympathetic excitation in offspring of hypertensive rats, which may occur by modulating the balance between AT1R and ATRAP and downregulating oxidative stress-related protein expression in the NTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Feng
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Experimental Center for Teaching, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongmei Xue
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaocui Duan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Vascular Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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9
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Das SK, McIntyre HD, Al Mamun A. Early life predictors of development of blood pressure from childhood to adulthood: Evidence from a 30-year longitudinal birth cohort study. Atherosclerosis 2020; 311:91-97. [PMID: 32949948 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The early life predictors of changes in the blood pressures of offspring between childhood and young adulthood have not been well defined. Thus, this study aimed to determine the life course association of offspring's blood pressure with prenatal and early infancy lifestyle, and other factors taking advantage of a large community-based, longitudinal study of a birth cohort in Australia - the MUSP study. METHODS The systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) was measured for 3793, 3782, 2628 and 1780 offspring of the Australian longitudinal cohort study at 5, 14, 21 and 30 years of their age, respectively. Individual PP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was equated, and Generalized Estimating Equations with time (age) and predictor interaction modelling were performed. RESULTS Blood pressures of the offspring increased significantly between 5 and 30 years. Early life factors such as pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, and hypertensive disorder in pregnancy were significantly positively associated, and duration of gestation and pre-pregnancy thinness of the mothers negatively associated with this life course increase in the offspring's blood pressure. Rapid increase in body weight from birth to 5 years had a strong association with increasing blood pressures components throughout their life course. CONCLUSIONS Several maternal pre-pregnancy and pregnancy factors along with the early life growth characteristics of offspring are important predictors of increase in blood pressure of the offspring from their childhood to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Kumar Das
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, NT 0810, Australia; Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Harold David McIntyre
- Mater Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mater Medical Research Institute, Raymond Tce, South Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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10
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Joshi S, Ettinger L, Liebman SE. Plant-Based Diets and Hypertension. Am J Lifestyle Med 2020; 14:397-405. [PMID: 33281520 PMCID: PMC7692016 DOI: 10.1177/1559827619875411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a global epidemic and a risk factor for many adverse outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and death. Lifestyle plays a significant role in the development and maintenance of hypertension, and guidelines from several organizations recommend lifestyle modifications as first-line intervention for hypertensive patients. Data supporting the use of plant-based diets in the treatment of hypertension goes back almost a century. More recently, clinical trial data, including randomized controlled trials, have established plant-based diets as an effective lifestyle intervention for high blood pressure (BP). Plant-based diets differ from the standard American diet in a myriad of ways, with some substances being present in either substantially higher or lower amounts. Although the precise mechanism of a plant-based diet's beneficial effects on BP is unknown, many of these differences may be responsible. Attributes of a plant-based diet that may lower BP include a lower energy content leading to weight loss, a lower sodium content, an increased potassium content, reduced oxidative stress, higher bioavailability of the vasodilator nitric oxide, and beneficial effects on the microbiome. The evidenced-based benefits of plant-based diets in treating hypertension should lead providers to advocate for this dietary pattern for their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Joshi
- Shivam Joshi, MD, Division of
General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University
School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016; e-mail:
| | - Leigh Ettinger
- Division of General Internal Medicine,
Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New
York (SJ)
- Department of Pediatrics at Seton
Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey
(LE)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of
Nephrology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New
York (SEL)
| | - Scott E. Liebman
- Division of General Internal Medicine,
Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New
York (SJ)
- Department of Pediatrics at Seton
Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey
(LE)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of
Nephrology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New
York (SEL)
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11
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Man AWC, Chen M, Wu Z, Reifenberg G, Daiber A, Münzel T, Xia N, Li H. Renal Effects of Fetal Reprogramming With Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:454. [PMID: 32410988 PMCID: PMC7201020 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Current antihypertensive therapies cannot cure hypertension and a life-long medication is necessary. Maternal treatment may represent a promising strategy for hypertension treatment. We have previously shown that maternal treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) leads to a persistent blood pressure reduction in the female offspring. The underlying mechanisms include improved endothelial function resulting from long-lasting epigenetic changes. In the present study, we address the renal effects of maternal PETN treatment. Methods and Results F0 parental SHR were fed with either normal chow or PETN-containing (1 g/kg) chow ad libitum from the time point of mating to the end of lactation period. The F1 offspring received normal chow without PETN from the time point of weaning (at the age of 3 weeks). At the age of 16 weeks, female PETN offspring showed lower blood pressure than the control. No difference was observed in male offspring. All following experiments were performed with kidneys from 16-week-old female offspring. Maternal PETN treatment reduced the mRNA and protein expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), resulting from epigenetic modifications found at the proximal promoter regions. The expression levels of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and factors in the MR signalling pathway (Rac1 and Sgk1) were also reduced by PETN. Major profibrotic cytokines, including Wnt4, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, and MMP9, were downregulated by PETN, which was associated with reduced collagen deposition and glomerulus sclerosis in the kidney of PETN offspring. In addition, PETN treatment also decreased the markers of inflammation and immune cell infiltration in the kidneys. Conclusions PETN maternal treatment leads to epigenetic changes in the kidney of female SHR offspring. The reduced renal inflammation, alleviated kidney fibrosis, and decreased MR signalling are potential mechanisms contributing to the observed blood pressure-lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy W C Man
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Institute of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gisela Reifenberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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12
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Guo Y, Pei Y, Li K, Cui W, Zhang D. DNA N 6-methyladenine modification in hypertension. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:6276-6291. [PMID: 32283543 PMCID: PMC7185115 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation has a role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. DNA N6-methyladenine (6mA) modification as a novel adenine methylation exists in human tissues, but whether it plays a role in hypertension development remains unclear. Here, we reported that the global 6mA DNA level in leukocytes was significantly reduced in patients with hypertension and was reversed with successful treatment. Age, systolic blood pressure, and serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein levels were associated with decreased leukocyte 6mA DNA level. Elevated ALKBH1 (AlkB homolog 1), a demethylase of 6mA, level mediated this dynamic change in 6mA level in leukocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells in hypertension mouse and rat models. Knockdown of ALKBH1 suppressed angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle phenotype transformation, proliferation and migration. ALKBH1-6mA directly and negatively regulated hypoxia inducible factor 1 α (HIF1α), which responded to angiotensin II-induced vascular remodeling. Collectively, our results demonstrate a potential epigenetic role for ALKBH1-6mA regulation in hypertension development, diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Yuqing Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Kexin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Wei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Donghong Zhang
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Research Science Center, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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13
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Cowley AW, Dwinell MR. Chromosomal Substitution Strategies to Localize Genomic Regions Related to Complex Traits. Compr Physiol 2020; 10:365-388. [PMID: 32163204 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal substitution strategies provide a powerful tool to anonymously reveal the relationship between DNA sequence variants and a normal or disease phenotype of interest. Even in this age of CRISPR-Cas9 genome engineering, the knockdown or overexpression of a gene provides relevant information to our understanding of complex disease only when a close association of an allelic variant with the phenotype has first been established. Limitations of genetic linkage approaches led to the development of more efficient breeding strategies to substitute chromosomal segments from one animal strain into the genetic background of a different strain, enabling a direct comparison of the phenotypes of the strains with variant(s) that differ only at a defined locus. This substitution can be a whole chromosome (consomic), a part of a chromosome (congenic), or as small as only a single or several alleles (subcongenics). In contrast to complete knockout of a specific candidate gene of interest, which simply studies the effects of complete elimination of the gene, the substitution of naturally occurring variants can provide special insights into the functional actions of wild-type alleles. Strategies for production of these inbred strains are reviewed, and a number of examples are used to illustrate the utility of these model systems. Consomic/congenic strains provide a number of experimental advantages in the study of functions of genes and their variants, which are emphasized in this article, such as replication of experimental studies; determination of temporal relationships throughout a life; rigorously controlled experiments in which relations between genotype and phenotype can be tested with the confounding effects of heterogeneous genetic backgrounds, both targeted and multilayered; and "omic" studies performed at many levels of functionality, from molecules to organelles, cells to organs, and organs to organismal behavior across the life span. The application of chromosomal substitution strategies and development of consomic/congenic rat and mouse strains have greatly expanded our knowledge of genomic variants and their phenotypic relationship to physiological functions and to complex diseases such as hypertension and cancer. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:365-388, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen W Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Melinda R Dwinell
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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14
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Preterm birth is associated with epigenetic programming of transgenerational hypertension in mice. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:152-165. [PMID: 31974504 PMCID: PMC7000670 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal and cardiovascular complications of prematurity are well established, notably the development of hypertension in adulthood. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our objective was to investigate the impact of prematurity on the ontogenesis of renal corticosteroid pathways, to evaluate its implication in perinatal renal complications and in the emergence of hypertension in adulthood. Swiss CD1 pregnant mice were injected with lipopolysaccharides at 18 days of gestation (E18) to induce prematurity at E18.5. Pups were sacrificed at birth, 7 days and 6 months of life. Second (F2) and third (F3) generations, established by mating prematurely born adult females with wild-type males, were also analyzed. Former preterm males developed hypertension at M6 (P < 0.0001). We found robust activation of renal corticosteroid target gene transcription at birth in preterm mice (αENaC (+45%), Gilz (+85%)), independent of any change in mineralocorticoid or glucocorticoid receptor expression. The offspring of the preterm group displayed increased blood pressure in F2 and F3, associated with increased renal Gilz mRNA expression, despite similar MR or GR expression and plasma corticosteroid levels measured by LC-MS/MS. Gilz promoter methylation measured by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR was reduced with a negative correlation between methylation and expression (P = 0.0106). Our study demonstrates prematurity-related alterations in renal corticosteroid signaling pathways, with transgenerational inheritance of blood pressure dysregulation and epigenetic Gilz regulation up to the third generation. This study provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in essential hypertension, which could partly be due to perinatal epigenetic programming from previous generations. A propensity towards high blood pressure may be passed down through several generations from adults who were born preterm. People who are born prematurely often suffer from kidney (renal) problems, high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease as they age. Recent research suggests adults born prematurely can pass dysregulated blood pressure to their children. Laetitia Martinerie at INSERM Unit 1185, Le Kremlin Bicêtre and Robert Debré Hospital in Paris, France, and co-workers studied generations of mice to explore how epigenetic alterations, DNA modifications that do not change the DNA code, affect blood pressure from birth through to adulthood. The team identified tissue-specific alterations in renal signaling pathways in premature mice. They also traced the associated overexpression of a gene called Gilz, known to play a role in blood pressure maintenance, through second and third generation mice born to the first generation preterms.
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15
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Guo Q, Feng X, Xue H, Jin S, Teng X, Duan X, Xiao L, Wu Y. Parental Renovascular Hypertension-Induced Autonomic Dysfunction in Male Offspring Is Improved by Prenatal or Postnatal Treatment With Hydrogen Sulfide. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1184. [PMID: 31607943 PMCID: PMC6761249 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates there is a strong association between parental health during pregnancy and incidence of cardiovascular disease in adult offspring. Recently, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been demonstrated to be a powerful vasodilator of the placental vasculature, improving intrauterine growth restriction. In this study, we investigated whether parental hypertension induces autonomic dysfunction in male adult offspring, and the H2S mechanism underlying this autonomic dysfunction. 2-kidney-1-clip method was employed to induce parental hypertension during pregnancy and lactation in rats. Basal blood pressure (BP) and autonomic function of male offspring in adulthood was evaluated. Additionally, either maternal hypertensive dams or their male offspring after weaning were treated with H2S to determine improving effects of H2S on autonomic dysfunction. The BP was significantly increased in male offspring of renovascular hypertensive dams when compared to that in offspring of normotensive dams. The offspring of renovascular hypertensive dams also exhibited blunted baroreflex sensitivity, increased sympathetic effect and sympathetic tonus. Western blotting analysis revealed downregulation of endogenous H2S catalyzed enzyme and upregulation of angiotensin Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) pathway in the nucleus tractus solitarius and rostral ventrolateral medulla, two hindbrain nuclei involved in BP and autonomic regulation, in these offspring. Either prenatal or postnatal treatment with H2S improved the adverse effects. The results suggest that parental hypertension results in elevated BP and autonomic dysfunction in adult male offspring through activation of AT1R pathway and inhibition of endogenous H2S production in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaohong Feng
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongmei Xue
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xu Teng
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaocui Duan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Vascular Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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16
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Prenatal high-salt diet impaired vasodilatation with reprogrammed renin-angiotensin system in offspring rats. J Hypertens 2019; 36:2369-2379. [PMID: 30382958 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS High-salt diet is linked to hypertension, and prenatal high-salt diet increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases in the offspring. The present study investigated whether and how prenatal high-salt diet influenced nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatation in the offspring. METHODS AND RESULTS Pregnant rats were fed either normal-salt (1% sodium chloride) or high-salt (8% sodium chloride) diet during gestation. Experiments were conducted in 5-month-old male offspring. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP, nitric oxide donor)-induced hypotensive responses (in vivo) and vascular dilatation (in vitro) was significantly attenuated (Emax: 84 ± 2 vs. 51 ± 2, high-salt vs. control, P < 0.001) in the high-salt offspring, indicating reduced vascular relaxations. Pretreatment with Tempol (reactive oxygen species scavenger) alleviated this attenuation. The high-salt offspring showed an increased level of oxidative stress markers in both mesenteric arteries and plasma samples. The antioxidant activity, serum superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly reduced, whereas malondialdehyde was increased in the high-salt offspring. O2 production, and protein expression of Nox2 and Nox4 in mesenteric arteries was significantly increased in the high-salt offspring whereas Nox1 showed no changes. The local renin-angiotensin system in mesenteric arteries was activated, associated with an increased NADPH oxidase. DNA methylation at the proximal promoter of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene in the lung was significantly increased in the high-salt offspring (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION The results suggest that prenatal high-salt diet impairs nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatation because of the increased oxidative stress-affected renin-angiotensin system in the high-salt offspring, providing new information for understanding, and early prevention of cardiovascular diseases in fetal origins.
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17
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Li S, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Wu Y, He H, Gong L, Zeng F, Shi L. Exercise during pregnancy enhances vascular function via epigenetic repression of Ca V1.2 channel in offspring of hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2019; 231:116576. [PMID: 31211998 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Studies suggest that cardiovascular function in offspring can be epigenetically programmed by environmental changes during pregnancy. CaV1.2 channel plays a major role in the regulation of the vascular tone. This study investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of exercise during pregnancy on CaV1.2 channel functional remodeling in hypertensive offspring. MAIN METHODS Exercise groups were subjected to swimming at the first day of pregnancy and on a regular schedule thereafter for 3 weeks. Their offspring (6-month-old, male) were tested for baseline blood pressure, cardiovascular response, and vascular tone of the mesenteric artery. Mesenteric artery smooth muscle cells were taken to study the whole-cell current of the CaV1.2 channel. Western blotting, RT-PCR and DNA bisulfite sequencing PCR were performed to study the protein, mRNA expression and DNA methylation of the CaV1.2 channel α1C subunit. KEY FINDINGS Exercise during pregnancy reduced the pressor response to norepinephrine and Bay K8644, and the depressor response to nifedipine in offspring of hypertensive rats. The level of the CaV1.2 channel in norepinephrine-induced vasoconstrictions decreased, and the whole-cell current of the CaV1.2 channel declined in the SHR-EX group. Further studies found that exercise during pregnancy reduced the protein and mRNA expression of the CaV1.2 channel α1C subunit and upregulated DNA methylation of the Cacna1c gene promoter region in the hypertensive offspring. SIGNIFICANCE These data suggest that exercise during pregnancy improves vascular functional remodeling in offspring of hypertensive rats, downregulating the CaV1.2 channel function and protein expression, a change that is most likely caused by DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huirong Zhang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui He
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lijing Gong
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fanxing Zeng
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lijun Shi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
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18
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Endothelial SIRT6 Is Vital to Prevent Hypertension and Associated Cardiorenal Injury Through Targeting Nkx3.2-GATA5 Signaling. Circ Res 2019; 124:1448-1461. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Liang
- From the Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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20
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Meng L, Bai X, Zheng Y, Chen D, Zheng Y. Altered expression of norepinephrine transporter participate in hypertension and depression through regulated TNF-α and IL-6. Clin Exp Hypertens 2019; 42:181-189. [PMID: 30957546 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2019.1601205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aim: We explored the role of histone modification in the association of depression-hypertension by comparing norepinephrine transporter (NET) gene levels in different depression-hypertensive patients. Then, we analyzed the expression of NET correlation with inflammatory cytokines to provide a new direction for detecting the association mechanism between depression and hypertension.Methods: NE expression levels in serum of diverse groups were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Then histone acetyltransferase (HAT), histone deacetylase (HDAC), H3K27ac, NET, TNF-α, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected by western blot in nine female subjects in different depression and hypertension groups, and Chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction (Chip-PCR) were used to confirm the degree of acetylation affecting on the transcription level of NET gene. Meanwhile, correlation between NET with TNF/IL-6 was analyzed by SPSS19.0 software program. Finally, Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot were used to detect TNF-α and IL-6 expression levels after NET overexpression or interference treatment in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and Neuro-2a cells.Results: The expression of HAT and H3K27ac had lower levels in D-H and nonD-H group than nonD-nonH group. The results showed that higher acetylation could promote expression of NET genes. Meanwhile, the expression of NET had a significant negative correlation with IL-6 (R = -0.933, p < 0.01) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (R = -0.817, p < 0.01) in subjects. In addition, the results confirmed that TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA and protein partial expressions could be inhibited by NET in both HUVECs and Neuronal cells (p < 0.01).Conclusion: In conclusion, differential expression of NET gene might function as an important factor in interaction between depression and hypertension by partially targeting TNF-α and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Meng
- Department of Cadre Ward, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Bai
- Department of Cadre Ward, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Cadre Ward, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China
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21
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Itoh H, Hayashi K, Miyashita K. Pre-emptive medicine for hypertension and its prospects. Hypertens Res 2018; 42:301-305. [PMID: 30560889 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pre-emptive medicine is a novel medical concept proposed in Japan that aims to precisely predict the onset and progression of diseases and to provide therapeutic interventions during early stages, before symptoms appear. The concept of pre-emptive medicine considers the time-course of a disease in each individual and seeks medical interventions to prevent disease progression. Suitable and promising targets for pre-emptive medicine are non-communicable diseases, including hypertension. Recent advances in genomic analysis, information technology, and artificial intelligence should make this medical concept feasible in the near future. In this review, we focused on pre-emptive medicine for hypertension, referring to concrete plans for the future direction of this research. The ultimate goal of pre-emptive medicine is to completely prevent the onset and progression of hypertension by precisely predicting the elevation of blood pressure and performing interventions to avoid it. The diagnostic processes of hypertension, from the standpoint of pre-emptive medicine, should include the detection of abnormal blood pressure regulation as the earliest manifestation of the disease, the depiction of the present status of hypertension in an individual ("nowcasting"), and a prediction of the future trajectory of the disease ("forecasting"). Novel therapeutic strategies for hypertension, from the standpoint of pre-emptive medicine, should aim for the regression of hypertension through early treatments and the remission of hypertension through intermittent intensive therapies. An efficient modification of lifestyle and therapies, according to the progression of hypertension, should be required. If pre-emptive medicine for hypertension becomes established, it would greatly contribute to the extension of a healthy lifespan, which cannot yet be satisfactorily achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Itoh
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Kaori Hayashi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Miyashita
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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Abstract
The causes of essential hypertension remain an enigma. Interactions between genetic and external factors are generally recognized to act as aetiological mechanisms that trigger the pathogenesis of high blood pressure. However, the questions of which genes and factors are involved, and when and where such interactions occur, remain unresolved. Emerging evidence indicates that the hypertensive response to pressor stimuli, like many other physiological and behavioural adaptations, can become sensitized to particular stimuli. Studies in animal models show that, similarly to other response systems controlled by the brain, hypertensive response sensitization (HTRS) is mediated by neuroplasticity. The brain circuitry involved in HTRS controls the sympathetic nervous system. This Review outlines evidence supporting the phenomenon of HTRS and describes the range of physiological and psychosocial stressors that can produce a sensitized hypertensive state. Also discussed are the cellular and molecular changes in the brain neural network controlling sympathetic tone involved in long-term storage of information relating to stressors, which could serve to maintain a sensitized state. Finally, this Review concludes with a discussion of why a sensitized hypertensive response might previously have been beneficial and increased biological fitness under some environmental conditions and why today it has become a health-related liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Kim Johnson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- The François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Baojian Xue
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- The François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Liu P, Liu Y, Liu H, Pan X, Li Y, Usa K, Mishra MK, Nie J, Liang M. Role of DNA De Novo (De)Methylation in the Kidney in Salt-Induced Hypertension. Hypertension 2018; 72:1160-1171. [PMID: 30354815 PMCID: PMC6314686 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous adult diseases involving tissues consisting primarily of nondividing cells are associated with changes in DNA methylation. It suggests a pathophysiological role for de novo methylation or demethylation of DNA, which is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase 3 and ten-eleven translocases. However, the contribution of DNA de novo (de)methylation to these diseases remains almost completely unproven. Broad changes in DNA methylation occurred within days in the renal outer medulla of Dahl SS rats fed a high-salt diet, a classic model of hypertension. Intrarenal administration of anti-DNA methyltransferase 3a/ten-eleven translocase 3 GapmeRs attenuated high salt-induced hypertension in SS rats. The high-salt diet induced differential expression of 1712 genes in the renal outer medulla. Remarkably, the differential expression of 76% of these genes was prevented by anti-DNA methyltransferase 3a/ten-eleven translocase 3 GapmeRs. The genes differentially expressed in response to the GapmeRs were involved in the regulation of metabolism and inflammation and were significantly enriched for genes showing differential methylation in response to the GapmeRs. These data indicate a significant role of DNA de novo (de)methylation in the kidney in the development of hypertension in SS rats. The findings should help to shift the paradigm of DNA methylation research in diseases involving nondividing cells from correlative analysis to functional and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Liu
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Yong Liu
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Han Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Yingchuan Li
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University affiliated The Sixth People‧s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kristie Usa
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Manoj K. Mishra
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Jing Nie
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyu Liang
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
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Liu Y, Usa K, Wang F, Liu P, Geurts AM, Li J, Williams AM, Regner KR, Kong Y, Liu H, Nie J, Liang M. MicroRNA-214-3p in the Kidney Contributes to the Development of Hypertension. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:2518-2528. [PMID: 30049682 PMCID: PMC6171279 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of extensive study, the mechanisms for salt sensitivity of BP in humans and rodent models remain poorly understood. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been associated with hypertension, but few have been shown to contribute to its development. METHODS We examined miRNA expression profiles in human kidney biopsy samples and rat models using small RNA deep sequencing. To inhibit an miRNA specifically in the kidney in conscious, freely moving rats, we placed indwelling catheters to allow both renal interstitial administration of a specific anti-miR and measurement of BP. A rat with heterozygous disruption of the gene encoding endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was developed. We used bioinformatic analysis to evaluate the relationship between 283 BP-associated human single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1870 human miRNA precursors, as well as other molecular and cellular methods. RESULTS Compared with salt-insensitive SS.13BN26 rats, Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats showed an upregulation of miR-214-3p, encoded by a gene in the SS.13BN26 congenic region. Kidney-specific inhibition of miR-214-3p significantly attenuated salt-induced hypertension and albuminuria in SS rats. miR-214-3p directly targeted eNOS. The effect of miR-214-3p inhibition on hypertension and albuminuria was abrogated in SS rats with heterozygous loss of eNOS. Human kidney biopsy specimens from patients with hypertension or hypertensive nephrosclerosis showed upregulation of miR-214-3p; the gene encoding miR-214-3p was one of several differentially expressed miRNA genes located in proximity to human BP-associated SNPs. CONCLUSIONS Renal miR-214-3p plays a functional and potentially genetic role in the development of hypertension, which might be mediated in part by targeting eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology
| | - Kristie Usa
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology
| | - Feng Wang
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology
- Cancer Center
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, and
| | - Junhui Li
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; and
| | | | - Kevin R Regner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Yiwei Kong
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Han Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyu Liang
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology,
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
The development of stress drives a host of biological responses that include the overproduction of a family of proteins named heat shock proteins (HSPs), because they were initially studied after heat exposure. HSPs are evolutionarily preserved proteins with a high degree of interspecies homology. HSPs are intracellular proteins that also have extracellular expression. The primary role of HSPs is to protect cell function by preventing irreversible protein damage and facilitating molecular traffic through intracellular pathways. However, in addition to their chaperone role, HSPs are immunodominant molecules that stimulate natural as well as disease-related immune reactivity. The latter may be a consequence of molecular mimicry, generating cross-reactivity between human HSPs and the HSPs of infectious agents. Autoimmune reactivity driven by HSPs could also be the result of enhancement of the immune response to peptides generated during cellular injury and of their role in the delivery of peptides to the major histocompatibility complex in antigen-presenting cells. In humans, HSPs have been found to participate in the pathogenesis of a large number of diseases. This review is focused on the role of HSPs in atherosclerosis and essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rodríguez-Iturbe
- 1 Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC-Zulia), Nephrology Service Hospital Universitario, Universidad del Zulia , Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - R J Johnson
- 2 Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO, USA
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Stoll S, Wang C, Qiu H. DNA Methylation and Histone Modification in Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041174. [PMID: 29649151 PMCID: PMC5979462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic hypertension, which eventually results in heart failure, renal failure or stroke, is a common chronic human disorder that particularly affects elders. Although many signaling pathways involved in the development of hypertension have been reported over the past decades, which has led to the implementation of a wide variety of anti-hypertensive therapies, one half of all hypertensive patients still do not have their blood pressure controlled. The frontier in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hypertension has now advanced to the level of epigenomics. Particularly, increasing evidence is emerging that DNA methylation and histone modifications play an important role in gene regulation and are involved in alteration of the phenotype and function of vascular cells in response to environmental stresses. This review seeks to highlight the recent advances in our knowledge of the epigenetic regulations and mechanisms of hypertension, focusing on the role of DNA methylation and histone modification in the vascular wall. A better understanding of the epigenomic regulation in the hypertensive vessel may lead to the identification of novel target molecules that, in turn, may lead to novel drug discoveries for the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunrick Stoll
- Division of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Charles Wang
- Center for Genomics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Division of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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Dobrynina LA, Zabitova MR, Kalashnikova LA, Gnedovskaya EV, Piradov MA. Hypertension and Cerebral Microangiopathy (Cerebral Small Vessel Disease): Genetic and Epigenetic Aspects of Their Relationship. Acta Naturae 2018; 10:4-15. [PMID: 30116610 PMCID: PMC6087821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HT) and its cerebral complications are extremely vexing medical and social problems. Despite the obvious association between hypertension and the clinical and neuroimaging features of cerebral microangiopathy (CMA) (also known as cerebral small vessel disease), the causal links between them remain ambiguous. Besides, antihypertensive therapy as the only way to manage these patients does not always prevent brain damage. Knowledge about the key factors and mechanisms involved in HT and CMA development is important for predicting the risk of cerebral complications and developing new approaches to their prevention and treatment. At present, genome-wide association studies and other approaches are used to investigate the common hereditary mechanisms of HT and CMA development, which will explain a large number of CMA cases not associated with hypertension, lack of a correlation between HT severity and the degree of cerebral injury, and failure of antihypertensive therapy to prevent CMA progression. Epigenetic markers likely play a modulating role in the development of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Dobrynina
- Research center of neurology, Volokolamskoe Shosse 80, Moscow, 125367, Russia
| | - M. R. Zabitova
- Research center of neurology, Volokolamskoe Shosse 80, Moscow, 125367, Russia
| | - L. A. Kalashnikova
- Research center of neurology, Volokolamskoe Shosse 80, Moscow, 125367, Russia
| | - E. V. Gnedovskaya
- Research center of neurology, Volokolamskoe Shosse 80, Moscow, 125367, Russia
| | - M. A. Piradov
- Research center of neurology, Volokolamskoe Shosse 80, Moscow, 125367, Russia
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28
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Guo Q, Feng X, Xue H, Teng X, Jin S, Duan X, Xiao L, Wu Y. Maternal Renovascular Hypertensive Rats Treatment With Hydrogen Sulfide Increased the Methylation of AT1b Gene in Offspring. Am J Hypertens 2017; 30:1220-1227. [PMID: 28985312 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpx124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of studies have shown hypertension of offspring in adulthood is related to parental health during pregnancy. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) could relax placental vasculature and improve intrauterine growth restriction. In the present study, we want to observe the effect of H2S on the fetal programming of renovascular hypertension, a rat model of secondary hypertension. METHODS Renovascular hypertension was induced by 2-kidney-1-clip, their adult pups were used to evaluate basal blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured noninvasively by tail-cuff plethysmography in conscious offspring; HE staining was used to observe morphology of kidney; the protein expression of angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT1R) tested by western blot; methylation of angiotensin II receptor 1b (AT1b) gene used pBLUE-T-cloning to check. RESULTS The SBP and DBP in the offspring of renovascular hypertensive dams were higher than those in control group. Moreover, interstitial inflammatory infiltration was significant in the kidney and the protein expression of AT1R was also increased in the offspring of renovascular hypertensive dams. Conversely, methylation of AT1b promoter (U01033 277-1611) decreased in the first 3 CG sites. Either prenatal or postnatal treatment with H2S could increase the methylation of AT1b and downregulate AT1R expression then improve the blood pressure. CONCLUSION These results suggested that parental secondary hypertension-induced kidney damage that elevated basal blood pressure in adult offspring. Prenatal or postnatal administration with H2S induced improved effect accompanied by an increased methylation of AT1b gene then downregulated protein of AT1R in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaohong Feng
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongmei Xue
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xu Teng
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaocui Duan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Padmanabhan S, Joe B. Towards Precision Medicine for Hypertension: A Review of Genomic, Epigenomic, and Microbiomic Effects on Blood Pressure in Experimental Rat Models and Humans. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1469-1528. [PMID: 28931564 PMCID: PMC6347103 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00035.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence for the inherited nature of essential hypertension has led to extensive research in rats and humans. Rats have served as the primary model for research on the genetics of hypertension resulting in identification of genomic regions that are causally associated with hypertension. In more recent times, genome-wide studies in humans have also begun to improve our understanding of the inheritance of polygenic forms of hypertension. Based on the chronological progression of research into the genetics of hypertension as the "structural backbone," this review catalogs and discusses the rat and human genetic elements mapped and implicated in blood pressure regulation. Furthermore, the knowledge gained from these genetic studies that provide evidence to suggest that much of the genetic influence on hypertension residing within noncoding elements of our DNA and operating through pervasive epistasis or gene-gene interactions is highlighted. Lastly, perspectives on current thinking that the more complex "triad" of the genome, epigenome, and the microbiome operating to influence the inheritance of hypertension, is documented. Overall, the collective knowledge gained from rats and humans is disappointing in the sense that major hypertension-causing genes as targets for clinical management of essential hypertension may not be a clinical reality. On the other hand, the realization that the polygenic nature of hypertension prevents any single locus from being a relevant clinical target for all humans directs future studies on the genetics of hypertension towards an individualized genomic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; and Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Bina Joe
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; and Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
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30
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YU Q, PANG B, LIU R, RAO W, ZHANG S, YU Y. Appropriate Body Mass Index and Waist-hip Ratio Cutoff Points for Overweight and Obesity in Adults of Northeast China. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 46:1038-1045. [PMID: 28894704 PMCID: PMC5575382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current overweight and obesity guidelines based on the Westerners are not consistent with many studies based on the Asians. The guidelines may be different because of regional diversity. This study aimed to determine the appropriate body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) cutoff points in the adults of Northeast China. METHODS Overall, 21206 adults were selected from Jilin Province Adult Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Survey conducted in 2012. A representative sample was collected in the Jilin Province of northeast China by a multistage stratified random cluster sampling design. The age of participants was from 20 to 79 yr old. The test items were clustered by risk factors, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were computed to analyze. RESULTS Under different risk factors, BMI cutoff points were affected greatly. Especially for diabetes, the cutoff value was apparently larger than others were. WHR increased with age in both genders. From a general view, male WHR was slightly larger than female. In the male, WHR cutoff point was near 0.88 with a tiny change, as for in the female was near 0.86. CONCLUSION The cutoff values of sensitivity and specificity are relatively good and false positives rate is relatively low. BMI cutoffs values of overweight and obesity are 24.5 kg/m2 and 29.0 kg/m2, WHR cutoff values of the male are 0.88, the female is 0.86.
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31
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Dubey A, Jeon J. Epigenetic regulation of development and pathogenesis in fungal plant pathogens. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2017; 18:887-898. [PMID: 27749982 PMCID: PMC6638268 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidently, epigenetics is at forefront in explaining the mechanisms underlying the success of human pathogens and in the identification of pathogen-induced modifications within host plants. However, there is a lack of studies highlighting the role of epigenetics in the modulation of the growth and pathogenicity of fungal plant pathogens. In this review, we attempt to highlight and discuss the role of epigenetics in the regulation of the growth and pathogenicity of fungal phytopathogens using Magnaporthe oryzae, a devastating fungal plant pathogen, as a model system. With the perspective of wide application in the understanding of the development, pathogenesis and control of other fungal pathogens, we attempt to provide a synthesized view of the epigenetic studies conducted on M. oryzae to date. First, we discuss the mechanisms of epigenetic modifications in M. oryzae and their impact on fungal development and pathogenicity. Second, we highlight the unexplored epigenetic mechanisms and areas of research that should be considered in the near future to construct a holistic view of epigenetic functioning in M. oryzae and other fungal plant pathogens. Importantly, the development of a complete understanding of the modulation of epigenetic regulation in fungal pathogens can help in the identification of target points to combat fungal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Dubey
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsanGyeongbuk38541South Korea
| | - Junhyun Jeon
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsanGyeongbuk38541South Korea
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32
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Padmanabhan S, Aman A, Dominiczak AF. Genomics of hypertension. Pharmacol Res 2017; 121:219-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Bourgeois CT, Satou R, Prieto MC. HDAC9 is an epigenetic repressor of kidney angiotensinogen establishing a sex difference. Biol Sex Differ 2017; 8:18. [PMID: 28572913 PMCID: PMC5450130 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-017-0140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sexual difference has been shown in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease induced by hypertension. Females are protected from hypertension and related end-organ damage. Augmentation of renal proximal tubular angiotensinogen (AGT) expression can promote intrarenal angiotensin formation and the development of associated hypertension and kidney injury. Female rodents exhibit lower intrarenal AGT levels than males under normal conditions, suggesting that the suppressed intrarenal AGT production by programmed mechanisms in females may provide protection from these diseases. This study was performed to examine whether epigenetic mechanisms serve as repressors of AGT. Methods Male and female Sprague Dawley rats were used to investigate sex differences of systemic, hepatic, and intrarenal AGT levels. All histone deacetylase (HDAC) mRNA levels in the kidneys were determined using a PCR array. HDAC9 protein expression in the kidneys and cultured renal proximal tubular cells (PTC) was analyzed by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The effects of HDAC9 on AGT expression were evaluated by using an inhibitor and siRNA. ChIP assay was performed to investigate the interaction between the AGT promoter and HDAC9. Results Plasma and liver AGT levels did not show differences between male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. In contrast, females exhibited lower AGT levels than males in the renal cortex and urine. In the absence of supplemented sex hormones, primary cultured renal cortical cells isolated from female rats sustained lower AGT levels than those from males, suggesting that the kidneys have a unique mechanism of AGT regulation controlled by epigenetic factors rather than sex hormones. HDAC9 mRNA and protein levels were higher in the renal cortex of female rats versus male rats (7.09 ± 0.88, ratio to male) while other HDACs did not exhibit a sex difference. HDAC9 expression was localized in PTC which are the primary source of intrarenal AGT. Importantly, HDAC9 knockdown augmented AGT mRNA (1.92 ± 0.35-fold) and protein (2.25 ± 0.50-fold) levels, similar to an HDAC9 inhibitor. Furthermore, an interaction between HDAC9 and a distal 5’ flanking region of AGT via a histone complex containing H3 and H4 was demonstrated. Conclusions These results indicate that HDAC9 is a novel suppressing factor involved in AGT regulation in PTC, leading to low levels of intrarenal AGT in females. These findings will help to delineate mechanisms underlying sex differences in the development of hypertension and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) associated kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille T Bourgeois
- Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL39, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699 USA
| | - Ryousuke Satou
- Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL39, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699 USA
| | - Minolfa C Prieto
- Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL39, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699 USA
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Wanner N, Bechtel-Walz W. Epigenetics of kidney disease. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:75-92. [PMID: 28286899 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone modifications determine renal programming and the development and progression of renal disease. The identification of the way in which the renal cell epigenome is altered by environmental modifiers driving the onset and progression of renal diseases has extended our understanding of the pathophysiology of kidney disease progression. In this review, we focus on current knowledge concerning the implications of epigenetic modifications during renal disease from early development to chronic kidney disease progression including renal fibrosis, diabetic nephropathy and the translational potential of identifying new biomarkers and treatments for the prevention and therapy of chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Wanner
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Center for Systems Biology (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany. .,Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 66, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Wibke Bechtel-Walz
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 66, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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35
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Xue B, Yin H, Guo F, Beltz TG, Thunhorst RL, Johnson AK. Maternal Gestational Hypertension-Induced Sensitization of Angiotensin II Hypertension Is Reversed by Renal Denervation or Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition in Rat Offspring. Hypertension 2017; 69:669-677. [PMID: 28223469 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Numerous findings demonstrate that there is a strong association between maternal health during pregnancy and cardiovascular disease in adult offspring. The purpose of the present study was to test whether maternal gestational hypertension modulates brain renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and proinflammatory cytokines that sensitizes angiotensin II-elicited hypertensive response in adult offspring. In addition, the role of renal nerves and the RAAS in the sensitization process was investigated. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses of structures of the lamina terminalis and paraventricular nucleus indicated upregulation of mRNA expression of several RAAS components and proinflammatory cytokines in 10-week-old male offspring of hypertensive dams. Most of these increases were significantly inhibited by either renal denervation performed at 8 weeks of age or treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, in drinking water starting at weaning. When tested beginning at 10 weeks of age, a pressor dose of angiotensin II resulted in enhanced upregulation of mRNA expression of RAAS components and proinflammatory cytokines in the lamina terminalis and paraventricular nucleus and an augmented pressor response in male offspring of hypertensive dams. The augmented blood pressure change and most of the increases in gene expression in the offspring were abolished by either renal denervation or captopril. The results suggest that maternal hypertension during pregnancy enhances pressor responses to angiotensin II through overactivity of renal nerves and the RAAS in male offspring and that upregulation of the brain RAAS and proinflammatory cytokines in these offspring may contribute to maternal gestational hypertension-induced sensitization of the hypertensive response to angiotensin II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Xue
- From the Departments of Psychological and Brain Sciences (B.X., F.G., T.G.B., R.L.T., A.K.J.), Pharmacology (A.K.J.), and the Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center (B.X., A.K.J.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Department of Biology, Hebei North University, China (H.Y.).
| | - Haifeng Yin
- From the Departments of Psychological and Brain Sciences (B.X., F.G., T.G.B., R.L.T., A.K.J.), Pharmacology (A.K.J.), and the Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center (B.X., A.K.J.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Department of Biology, Hebei North University, China (H.Y.)
| | - Fang Guo
- From the Departments of Psychological and Brain Sciences (B.X., F.G., T.G.B., R.L.T., A.K.J.), Pharmacology (A.K.J.), and the Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center (B.X., A.K.J.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Department of Biology, Hebei North University, China (H.Y.)
| | - Terry G Beltz
- From the Departments of Psychological and Brain Sciences (B.X., F.G., T.G.B., R.L.T., A.K.J.), Pharmacology (A.K.J.), and the Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center (B.X., A.K.J.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Department of Biology, Hebei North University, China (H.Y.)
| | - Robert L Thunhorst
- From the Departments of Psychological and Brain Sciences (B.X., F.G., T.G.B., R.L.T., A.K.J.), Pharmacology (A.K.J.), and the Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center (B.X., A.K.J.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Department of Biology, Hebei North University, China (H.Y.)
| | - Alan Kim Johnson
- From the Departments of Psychological and Brain Sciences (B.X., F.G., T.G.B., R.L.T., A.K.J.), Pharmacology (A.K.J.), and the Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center (B.X., A.K.J.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Department of Biology, Hebei North University, China (H.Y.).
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Impact and influence of “omics” technology on hyper tension studies. Int J Cardiol 2017; 228:1022-1034. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Barros ER, Carvajal CA. Urinary Exosomes and Their Cargo: Potential Biomarkers for Mineralocorticoid Arterial Hypertension? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:230. [PMID: 28951728 PMCID: PMC5599782 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension (AHT) currently affects approximately 40% of adults worldwide, and its pathological mechanisms are mainly related to renal, vascular, and endocrine systems. Steroid hormones as aldosterone and cortisol are highly relevant to human endocrine physiology, and also to endocrine hypertension. Pathophysiological conditions, such as primary aldosteronism, affect approximately 10% of patients diagnosed with AHT and are secondary to a high production of aldosterone, increasing the risk also for cardiovascular damage and heart diseases. Excess of aldosterone or cortisol increases the activity of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in epithelial and non-epithelial cells. Current research in this field highlights the potential regulatory mechanisms of the MR pathway, including pre-receptor regulation of the MR (action of 11BHSD2), MR activating proteins, and the downstream genes/proteins sensitive to MR (e.g., epithelial sodium channel, NCC, NKCC2). Mineralocorticoid AHT is present in 15-20% of hypertensive subjects, but the mechanisms associated to this condition have been poorly described, due mainly to the absence of reliable biomarkers. In this way, steroids, peptides, and lately urinary exosomes are thought to be potential reporters of biological processes. This review highlight exosomes and their cargo as potential biomarkers of metabolic changes associated to mineralocorticoid AHT. Recent reports have shown the presence of RNA, microRNAs, and proteins in urinary exosomes, which could be used as biomarkers in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. However, more studies are needed in order to benefit from exosomes and the exosomal cargo as a diagnostic tool in mineralocorticoid AHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Barros
- Center of Translational Endocrinology (CETREN), Faculty of Medicine, Endocrinology Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian A. Carvajal
- Center of Translational Endocrinology (CETREN), Faculty of Medicine, Endocrinology Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Cristian A. Carvajal,
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The limitations of opportunistic epidemiology, pseudopod epidemiology. Eur J Epidemiol 2016; 31:957-966. [DOI: 10.1007/s10654-016-0196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Emschermann F, Zuern CS, Patzelt J, Rizas KD, Jäger G, Eick C, Meuth SG, Gawaz M, Bauer A, Langer HF. Resistance to renal denervation therapy — Identification of underlying mechanisms by analysis of differential DNA methylation. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2016; 11:80-86. [PMID: 28616530 PMCID: PMC5462630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Factors causing resistance to renal denervation (RDN) for treatment of arterial hypertension are not known. In the current study, we sought to determine mechanisms involved in responsiveness to renal denervation therapy in patients with difficult-to-control and resistant hypertension. Methods and results We evaluated the differential CpG methylation of genes in blood samples isolated from patients of a recently described cohort of responders or non-responders to renal denervation using microarray technique and measured protein levels of identified downstream effectors in blood samples of these patients by ELISA. Our analysis revealed up to 6103 methylation sites differing significantly between non-responders and responders to renal denervation therapy. Software based analysis showed several of these loci to be relevant for arterial hypertension and sympathetic nervous activity. Particularly, genes involved in glutamate synthesis, degradation and glutamate signaling pathways were differently methylated between both groups. For instance, genes for glutamate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 central to glutamate metabolism, genes for ionotropic (AMPA, NMDA) and metabotropic glutamate receptors as well as glutamate transporters revealed significant differences in methylation correlating with responsiveness to RDN. To underline their potential relevance for responsiveness to RDN, we measured plasma protein levels of norepinephrine, a downstream effector of the glutamate receptor pathway, which were significantly lower in non-responders to RDN. Conclusions The present study describes novel molecular targets potentially contributing to reduction of blood pressure after RDN in some patients. Identifying patients with a high responsiveness to RDN could contribute to an individualized therapy in drug resistant hypertension.
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Han L, Liu Y, Duan S, Perry B, Li W, He Y. DNA methylation and hypertension: emerging evidence and challenges. Brief Funct Genomics 2016; 15:460-469. [PMID: 27142121 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elw014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a multifactorial disease influenced by an interaction of environmental and genetic factors. The exact molecular mechanism of hypertension remains unknown. Aberrant DNA methylation is the most well-defined epigenetic modification that regulates gene transcription. However, studies on the association between DNA methylation and hypertension are still in their infancy. This review summarizes the latest evidence and challenges regarding the role of DNA methylation on hypertension.
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Morton JS, Cooke CL, Davidge ST. In Utero Origins of Hypertension: Mechanisms and Targets for Therapy. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:549-603. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental origins of health and disease theory is based on evidence that a suboptimal environment during fetal and neonatal development can significantly impact the evolution of adult-onset disease. Abundant evidence exists that a compromised prenatal (and early postnatal) environment leads to an increased risk of hypertension later in life. Hypertension is a silent, chronic, and progressive disease defined by elevated blood pressure (>140/90 mmHg) and is strongly correlated with cardiovascular morbidity/mortality. The pathophysiological mechanisms, however, are complex and poorly understood, and hypertension continues to be one of the most resilient health problems in modern society. Research into the programming of hypertension has proposed pharmacological treatment strategies to reverse and/or prevent disease. In addition, modifications to the lifestyle of pregnant women might impart far-reaching benefits to the health of their children. As more information is discovered, more successful management of hypertension can be expected to follow; however, while pregnancy complications such as fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, preterm birth, etc., continue to occur, their offspring will be at increased risk for hypertension. This article reviews the current knowledge surrounding the developmental origins of hypertension, with a focus on mechanistic pathways and targets for therapeutic and pharmacologic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude S. Morton
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Canada; and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Christy-Lynn Cooke
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Canada; and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sandra T. Davidge
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Canada; and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Canada
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Muntner P, Becker RC, Calhoun D, Chen D, Cowley AW, Flynn JT, Grobe JL, Kidambi S, Kotchen TA, Lackland DT, Leslie KK, Li Y, Liang M, Lloyd A, Mattson DL, Mendizabal B, Mitsnefes M, Nair A, Pierce GL, Pollock JS, Safford MM, Santillan MK, Sigmund CD, Thomas SJ, Urbina EM. Introduction to the American Heart Association's Hypertension Strategically Focused Research Network. Hypertension 2016; 67:674-80. [PMID: 26902490 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Muntner
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.).
| | - Richard C Becker
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - David Calhoun
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - Daian Chen
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - Allen W Cowley
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - Joseph T Flynn
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - Justin L Grobe
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - Srividya Kidambi
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - Theodore A Kotchen
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - Daniel T Lackland
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - Kimberly K Leslie
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - Yingchuan Li
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - Mingyu Liang
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - Augusta Lloyd
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - David L Mattson
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - Brenda Mendizabal
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - Mark Mitsnefes
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - Anand Nair
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - Gary L Pierce
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - Jennifer S Pollock
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - Monika M Safford
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - Mark K Santillan
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - Stephen J Thomas
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - Elaine M Urbina
- From the Department of Epidemiology (P.M., S.J.T.), and Divisions of Preventive Medicine (M.M.S.), Nephrology (D.C., J.S.P.), and Cardiology (D.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Physiology (M.L., A.W.C., D.L.M., Y.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (T.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Pharmacology (C.D.S., J.L.G., A.N.), Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.L., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (E.U., M.M., B.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (R.C.B.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (J.T.F.); American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (A.L.); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
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43
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allen W Cowley
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Mingyu Liang
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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Jiang X, Chen W, Liu X, Wang Z, Liu Y, Felder RA, Gildea JJ, Jose PA, Qin C, Yang Z. The Synergistic Roles of Cholecystokinin B and Dopamine D5 Receptors on the Regulation of Renal Sodium Excretion. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146641. [PMID: 26751218 PMCID: PMC4709046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal dopamine D1-like receptors (D1R and D5R) and the gastrin receptor (CCKBR) are involved in the maintenance of sodium homeostasis. The D1R has been found to interact synergistically with CCKBR in renal proximal tubule (RPT) cells to promote natriuresis and diuresis. D5R, which has a higher affinity for dopamine than D1R, has some constitutive activity. Hence, we sought to investigate the interaction between D5R and CCKBR in the regulation of renal sodium excretion. In present study, we found D5R and CCKBR increase each other’s expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in the HK-2 cell, the specificity of which was verified in HEK293 cells heterologously expressing both human D5R and CCKBR and in RPT cells from a male normotensive human. The specificity of D5R in the D5R and CCKBR interaction was verified further using a selective D5R antagonist, LE-PM436. Also, D5R and CCKBR colocalize and co-immunoprecipitate in BALB/c mouse RPTs and human RPT cells. CCKBR protein expression in plasma membrane-enriched fractions of renal cortex (PMFs) is greater in D5R-/- mice than D5R+/+ littermates and D5R protein expression in PMFs is also greater in CCKBR-/- mice than CCKBR+/+ littermates. High salt diet, relative to normal salt diet, increased the expression of CCKBR and D5R proteins in PMFs. Disruption of CCKBR in mice caused hypertension and decreased sodium excretion. The natriuresis in salt-loaded BALB/c mice was decreased by YF476, a CCKBR antagonist and Sch23390, a D1R/D5R antagonist. Furthermore, the natriuresis caused by gastrin was blocked by Sch23390 while the natriuresis caused by fenoldopam, a D1R/D5R agonist, was blocked by YF476. Taken together, our findings indicate that CCKBR and D5R synergistically interact in the kidney, which may contribute to the maintenance of normal sodium balance following an increase in sodium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Jiang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xing Liu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Robin A. Felder
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - John J. Gildea
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PAJ); (CQ); (ZWY)
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (PAJ); (CQ); (ZWY)
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing, P. R. China
- CollaborativeInnovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (PAJ); (CQ); (ZWY)
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45
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Chen S, Sun Y, Agrawal DK. Vitamin D deficiency and essential hypertension. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HYPERTENSION : JASH 2015; 9:885-901. [PMID: 26419755 PMCID: PMC4641765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Essential hypertension (EH) results when the balance between vasoconstriction and vasodilation is shifted in favor of vasoconstriction. This balance is controlled by the interaction of genetic and epigenetic factors. When there is an unstable balance, vitamin D deficiency as an epigenetic factor triggers a shift to the side of vasoconstriction. In this article, we critically analyze clinical findings on the effect of vitamin D on blood pressure, combined with progress in molecular mechanisms. We find that vitamin D repletion exerts a clinically significant antihypertensive effect in vitamin D-deficient EH patients. Of note, a few trials reported no antihypertensive effect from vitamin D due to suboptimal study design. Short-term vitamin D supplementation has no effect on blood pressure in normotensive subjects. This could explain the mixed results and may provide a theoretical basis for future trials to identify beneficial effects of vitamin D in intervention for EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songcang Chen
- Center for Clinical & Translational Science and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Center for Clinical & Translational Science and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
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Abstract
Raised blood pressure is the biggest single contributor to the global burden of disease and to global mortality. The numbers of people affected and the prevalence of high blood pressure worldwide are expected to increase over the next decade. Preventive strategies are therefore urgently needed, especially in less developed countries, and management of hypertension must be optimised. Genetic advances in some rare causes of hypertension have been made lately, but the aggregate effect on blood pressure of all the genetic loci identified to date is small. Hence, intervention on key environmental determinants and effective implementation of trial-based therapies are needed. Three-drug combinations can control hypertension in about 90% of patients but only if resources allow identification of patients and drug delivery is affordable. Furthermore, assessment of optimal drug therapy for each ethnic group is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil R Poulter
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control and Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Mark Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease at Barts, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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47
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Recent developments in epigenetics of acute and chronic kidney diseases. Kidney Int 2015; 88:250-61. [PMID: 25993323 PMCID: PMC4522401 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The growing epidemic of obesity and diabetes, the aging population as well as prevalence of drug abuse has led to significant increases in the rates of the closely associated acute and chronic kidney diseases, including diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, evidence shows that parental behavior and diet can affect the phenotype of subsequent generations via epigenetic transmission mechanisms. These data suggest a strong influence of the environment on disease susceptibility and that, apart from genetic susceptibility, epigenetic mechanisms need to be evaluated to gain critical new information about kidney diseases. Epigenetics is the study of processes that control gene expression and phenotype without alterations in the underlying DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications, including cytosine DNA methylation and covalent post translational modifications of histones in chromatin are part of the epigenome, the interface between the stable genome and the variable environment. This dynamic epigenetic layer responds to external environmental cues to influence the expression of genes associated with disease states. The field of epigenetics has seen remarkable growth in the past few years with significant advances in basic biology, contributions to human disease, as well as epigenomics technologies. Further understanding of how the renal cell epigenome is altered by metabolic and other stimuli can yield novel new insights into the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. In this review, we have discussed the current knowledge on the role of epigenetic mechanisms (primarily DNA me and histone modifications) in acute and chronic kidney diseases, and their translational potential to identify much needed new therapies.
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48
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Han L, Liu P, Wang C, Zhong Q, Fan R, Wang L, Duan S, Zhang L. The interactions between alcohol consumption and DNA methylation of the ADD1 gene promoter modulate essential hypertension susceptibility in a population-based, case–control study. Hypertens Res 2015; 38:284-90. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2014.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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49
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Epigenetics and arterial hypertension: the challenge of emerging evidence. Transl Res 2015; 165:154-65. [PMID: 25035152 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic phenomena include DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs, as major marks. Although similar to genetic features of DNA for their heritability, epigenetic mechanisms differ for their potential reversibility by environmental and nutritional factors, which make them potentially crucial for their role in complex and multifactorial diseases. The function of these mechanisms is indeed gaining interest in relation to arterial hypertension (AH) with emerging evidence from cell culture and animal models as well as human studies showing that epigenetic modifications have major functions within pathways related to AH. Among epigenetic marks, the role of DNA methylation is mostly highlighted given the primary role of this epigenetic feature in mammalian cells. A lower global methylation was observed in DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of hypertensive patients. Moreover, DNA hydroxymethylation appears modifiable by salt intake in a Dahl salt-sensitive rat model. The specific function of DNA methylation in regulating the expression of AH-related genes at promoter site was described for hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 2 (HSD11B2), somatic angiotensin converting enzyme (sACE), Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), angiotensinogen (AGT), α-adducin (ADD1), and for other crucial genes in endocrine hypertension. Post-translational histone methylation at different histone 3 lysine residues was also observed to control the expression of genes related to AH as lysine-specific demethylase-1(LSD1), HSD11B2, and epithelial sodium channel subunit α (SCNN1A). Noncoding RNAs including several microRNAs influence genes involved in steroidogenesis and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway. In the present review, the current knowledge on the relationship between the main epigenetic marks and AH will be presented, considering the challenge of epigenetic patterns being modifiable by environmental factors that may lead toward novel implications in AH preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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50
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Maternal Treatment of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats With Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Reduces Blood Pressure in Female Offspring. Hypertension 2015; 65:232-7. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate is devoid of nitrate tolerance and shows no reproductive or developmental toxicity in animal studies. Recently, pentaerythritol tetranitrate has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of intrauterine growth restriction and the risk of preterm birth in women with abnormal placental perfusion. This study was conducted to test the perinatal programming effect of pentaerythritol tetranitrate in spontaneously hypertensive rats, a rat model of genetic hypertension. Parental spontaneously hypertensive rats were treated with pentaerythritol tetranitrate (50 mg/kg per day) during pregnancy and lactation periods; the offspring received standard chow without pentaerythritol tetranitrate after weaning. Maternal treatment with pentaerythritol tetranitrate had no effect on blood pressure in male offspring. In the female offspring, however, a persistent reduction in blood pressure was observed at 6 and 8 months. This long-lasting effect was accompanied by an upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase 1, and heme oxygenase 1 in the aorta of 8-month-old female offspring, which was likely to result from epigenetic changes (enhanced histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation and histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation) and transcriptional activation (enhanced binding of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II to the transcription start site of the genes). In organ chamber experiments, the endothelium-dependent, nitric oxide–mediated vasodilation to acetylcholine was enhanced in aorta from female offspring of the pentaerythritol tetranitrate–treated parental spontaneously hypertensive rats. In conclusion, maternal pentaerythritol tetranitrate treatment leads to epigenetic modifications, gene expression changes, an improvement of endothelial function and a persistent blood pressure reduction in the female offspring.
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