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Hintersatz C, Tsushima S, Kaufer T, Kretzschmar J, Thewes A, Pollmann K, Jain R. Efficient density functional theory directed identification of siderophores with increased selectivity towards indium and germanium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135523. [PMID: 39178780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Siderophores are promising ligands for application in novel recycling and bioremediation technologies, as they can selectively complex a variety of metals. However, with over 250 known siderophores, the selection of suiting complexants in the wet lab is impractical. Thus, this study established a density functional theory (DFT) based approach to efficiently identify siderophores with increased selectivity towards target metals on the example of germanium and indium. Considering 239 structures, chemically similar siderophores were clustered, and their complexation reactions modeled utilizing DFT. The calculations revealed siderophores with, compared to the reference siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFOB), up to 128 % or 48 % higher selectivity for indium or germanium, respectively. Experimental validation of the method was conducted with fimsbactin A and agrobactin, demonstrating up to 40 % more selective indium binding and at least sevenfold better germanium binding than DFOB, respectively. The results generated in this study open the door for the utilization of siderophores in eco-friendly technologies for the recovery of many different critical metals from various industry waters and leachates or bioremediation approaches. This endeavor is greatly facilitated by applying the herein-created database of geometry-optimized siderophore structures as de novo modeling of the molecules can be omitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hintersatz
- Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Satoru Tsushima
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Department of Biophysics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Kaufer
- Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jerome Kretzschmar
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Department of Actinide Thermodynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Angela Thewes
- Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Pollmann
- Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rohan Jain
- Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
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Fernández-Pereira C, Leiva C, Luna-Galiano Y, Vilches LF, Arroyo F. Improved recycling of a gasification fly ash: An integrated waste management approach within the framework of a Circular Economy. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 187:31-38. [PMID: 38986400 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
A Circular Waste Management alternative is considered in this paper in which a complete ash valorization process is proposed for an Integrated Gasification with Combined Cycle fly ash, trying to extract maximum value from this waste before it is discarded. In the paper, germanium, a scarce resource vital in our modern society, is first extracted from fly ash using water, with an extraction yield of 85%, and subsequently, the leached fly ash is used in the manufacture of fire-resistant boards containing 60% ash, thereby avoiding its disposal in a landfill. The potential environmental impact caused by the two stages of the process was analyzed, and the final effluent was considered to achieve a zero-discharge objective. This paper contributes to the development of a more sustainable management alternative for an industrial waste produced in increased amounts and provides the basis for a symbiotic coupling relationship among various industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fernández-Pereira
- University of Seville, School of Engineering, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n 41092, Seville, Spain.
| | - C Leiva
- University of Seville, School of Engineering, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n 41092, Seville, Spain.
| | - Y Luna-Galiano
- University of Seville, School of Engineering, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n 41092, Seville, Spain.
| | - L F Vilches
- University of Seville, School of Engineering, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n 41092, Seville, Spain.
| | - F Arroyo
- University of Seville, School of Engineering, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n 41092, Seville, Spain.
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Liang M, Dai J, Di H, Zhu K, Yang K, Zhang L. Mechanism and Kinetic Study on Ultrasonically Enhanced Reduction Leaching of Zinc Suboxide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:19155-19165. [PMID: 39195735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The leaching process represents the primary bottleneck in achieving efficient utilization of zinc suboxide, thereby resulting in a squandering of germanium resources. In this Article, the kinetic mechanisms of conventional and ultrasonic enhanced reduction leaching of zinc suboxide were investigated while optimizing the leaching conditions. The optimized conditions for the ultrasonic enhanced reduction leaching process were found to be 358 K, FeS of 0.6% zinc suboxide mass, and 300 W of ultrasonic power. The leaching efficiency of germanium can reach 91.34% under these conditions, exhibiting an improvement of 8.51%, compared with conventional conditions. Moreover, the Fe3+ concentration in the leaching solution is consistently maintained at ∼15 mg/L, satisfying the requisite criteria for germanium precipitation. Moreover, both the conventional and ultrasonic leaching processes obey the Drozdov kinetic model and are governed by internal diffusion. The difference, however, is that, under ultrasonic conditions, the activation energy of the reaction is reduced by 2.05 kJ/mol, the self-resistance coefficient is smaller, the reaction rate is faster, and the germanium leaching efficiency is higher than under conventional conditions. Ultrasonically enhanced FeS reduction leaching disrupts the encapsulation of silica gel and lead sulfate, shattering large dust grains and reducing the surface tension and viscosity of the solution, thus reducing the energy barrier to the leaching of germanium-containing components and improving the kinetics. The present study elucidates the kinetic laws governing conventional and ultrasonic processes, thereby offering guidance and a theoretical foundation for enhancing the germanium leaching efficiency in zinc suboxide. These findings hold significant implications for maximizing the utilization of germanium resources and advancing the development of the germanium industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Jie Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Haokai Di
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Kun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
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Mukherjee N, Majumdar M. Diverse Functionality of Molecular Germanium: Emerging Opportunities as Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:24209-24232. [PMID: 39172926 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Fundamental research on germanium as the central element in compounds for bond activation chemistry and catalysis has achieved significant feats over the last two decades. Designing strategies for small molecule activations and the ultimate catalysts established capitalize on the orbital modalities of germanium, apparently imitating the transition-metal frontier orbitals. There is a growing body of examples in contemporary research implicating the tunability of the frontier orbitals through avant-garde approaches such as geometric constrained empowered reactivity, bimetallic orbital complementarity, cooperative reactivity, etc. The goal of this Perspective is to provide readers with an overview of the emerging opportunities in the field of germanium-based catalysis by perceiving the underlying key principles. This will help to convert the discrete set of findings into a more systematic vision for catalyst designs. Critical exposition on the germanium's frontier orbitals participations evokes the key challenges involved in innovative catalyst designs, wherein viewpoints are provided. We close by addressing the forward-looking directions for germanium-based catalytic manifold development. We hope that this Perspective will be motivational for applied research on germanium as a constituent of pragmatic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjana Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Moumita Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
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Huang Y, Chen G, Fu B, Si Y, Li P, Cao Y, Rong L, Zhao C. Rapid determination of germanium in lignite coal and coal-related solid byproducts by graphite furnace digestion inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. Talanta 2024; 277:126429. [PMID: 38879947 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
This study developed a rapid and efficient graphite furnace digestion combined with inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method, enabling precise quantification of germanium (Ge) in coal and various coal-derived metallurgical byproducts across a broad concentration level (∼ppm-n%). The graphite furnace digestion conditions were examined intensively as a function of the acid amounts of HNO3 and HF (5-10 mL), temperature (80-180 °C), time (1-5 h), and acid drive methods (H3BO3 neutralization versus heating). Coal references including SARM 19, SARM 20, NIST SRM 1632e, and fly ash standard NIST SRM 2689 were tested. The optimum recovery of germanium was obtained when the HNO3 dosage, HF dosage, solid sample mass, temperature, and duration time were 10 mL, 5 mL, 0.1 g, 80 °C and 1 h. Agreement of 95.15-96.54 % between the measured and certified value was obtained under the optimum conditions. The spiked recovery was 103.23-103.54 %, indicating the matrix-analytes interactions were negligible. Boric acid neutralization reduced the recovery rates to 47.2-49.3 % and was not be appropriate for driving HF. The optimal spectral line for determining Ge is at a wavelength of 265.117 nm, at which the limit of detect and the limit of quantification were 0.46 μg L-1 and 1.53 μg L-1, respectively. The applicability of the method was validated by quantifying Ge in Ge-rich lignite, fly ashes (FA), and chlorinated distillation residue (CR) samples. The concentration of Ge in coals was 44.75-225.41 μg g-1, the content in FA was 0.68%-2.3 %, and the content in CR was 0.18 %, with the uncertainty of the method obtained being less than 0.5 %. X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) was used to verify the results. The difference between XRF data and ICP-OES data was less than 5 %, confirming the accuracy and reproductivity of the analytical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; ZhongYuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Critical Metals Minerals Supernormal Enrichment and Extraction of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Guangyu Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; ZhongYuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Critical Metals Minerals Supernormal Enrichment and Extraction of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Biao Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; ZhongYuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Critical Metals Minerals Supernormal Enrichment and Extraction of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yingfu Si
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; ZhongYuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Critical Metals Minerals Supernormal Enrichment and Extraction of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; ZhongYuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Critical Metals Minerals Supernormal Enrichment and Extraction of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yijun Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; ZhongYuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Critical Metals Minerals Supernormal Enrichment and Extraction of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lingkun Rong
- School of Mining and Coal, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou Inner Mongolia, 014010, China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- Department of Economics, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, MA, 01610, USA
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Drzazga M, Ciszewski M, Kozłowicz S, Maj I, Ochmański M, Radoń A. Leaching of liquation-feeding furnace dross as a first step for germanium recovery. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:180. [PMID: 38926863 PMCID: PMC11201904 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Germanium, an important component of electronics, is considered by many global economies as a critical raw material. Therefore, investigating its potential new sources is crucial for prospective technology development. This paper presents the investigation results on the leaching of liquation-feeding furnace dross using sulfuric and oxalic acid solutions. RESULTS The dross contained mostly zinc (68.0% wt.) but also elevated germanium concentration (0.68% wt.). The influence of temperature, time, initial acid concentration, and liquid-to-solid phase ratio (L:S) was examined. It was found that germanium availability via leaching is limited-maximum leaching yields using aqueous solutions of sulfuric and oxalic acids were 60% (80 °C, 2 h, 15% wt. H2SO4, L:S 25:1) and 57% (80 °C, 3 h, 12.5% wt. H2C2O4, L:S 10:1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Drzazga
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, ul. Sowińskiego 5, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Ciszewski
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, ul. Sowińskiego 5, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sylwia Kozłowicz
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, ul. Sowińskiego 5, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Izabela Maj
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, ul. Sowińskiego 5, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Michał Ochmański
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, ul. Sowińskiego 5, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Adrian Radoń
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, ul. Sowińskiego 5, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
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Liang M, Hong Y, Di H, Yang K, Zhang L. Mechanism of Germanium Adsorption by Iron Hydroxide Colloids during the Leaching Process of Secondary Zinc Oxide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:13167-13176. [PMID: 38860465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In the leaching process of secondary zinc oxide, there is a problem of germanium loss caused by the colloidal adsorption of germanium by iron hydroxide (Fe(OH)3) formed by Fe3+ hydrolysis. In response to this, this article elucidates the hydrolysis conditions of Fe3+ and the adsorption mechanism of the Fe(OH)3 colloid on germanium through theoretical analysis and simulation of the adsorption process. The coexistence of Fe3+ and H2GeO3 requires high acidity conditions (pH < 1.53 at 25 °C). The adsorption of germanium by the Fe(OH)3 colloid is a spontaneous exothermic entropy reduction process, which conforms to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and includes three stages: fast, slow, and equilibrium. In addition, the adsorption process can be fitted by the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model, mainly consisting of monolayer and chemical adsorption. The Fe(OH)3 colloid has a great adsorption capacity for germanium at 328 K, and the equilibrium adsorption capacity is 261.15 mg/g in 40 min. During leaching, the adsorption of germanium by Fe(OH)3 colloids can be inhibited by increasing the reaction temperature, controlling the pH value of the solution system, and suppressing the formation of Fe3+ at the source. This study provides direction for how to suppress the adsorption of germanium by Fe(OH)3 colloids during the leaching process of secondary zinc oxide, which is of great significance for improving the germanium leaching efficiency and fully utilizing limited germanium resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Yan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Haokai Di
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Kun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
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Xu Y, Xia H, Zhang Q, Zhang L. An original strategy and evaluation of a reaction mechanism for recovering valuable metals from zinc oxide dust containing intractable germanide. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133766. [PMID: 38368683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
A novel leaching-roasting-leaching strategy was used to recover valuable metals from zinc oxide dust containing intractable germanide. In the ultrasonic enhanced oxidation leaching stage, potassium permanganate and ultrasonication were introduced to strengthen the dissolution of sulphide. During the roasting stage, sodium carbonate and magnesium nitrate were added to promote the reaction between the insoluble tetrahedral germanium dioxide and complex forms of germanium-containing compounds. Simultaneously, the sulphur produced in the ultrasonic enhanced oxidation leaching stage was used to change the phases of tin dioxide and zinc ferrite, thereby releasing germanium into its lattice. Finally, the germanium in the roasting slag was recovered by conventional leaching, and the grades of lead and tin in the residue were enriched to 35.21% and 11.31%, respectively. Compared with the conventional acid leaching process of enterprise, the total reaction time of this method was shortened to 80 min, and the recovery rates of zinc and germanium increased by approximately 10% and 40%, respectively. The entire process is clean and environmentally friendly and does not cause adverse effects on the recovery of lead and tin. Overall, this study provides new insights into the design of valuable metal recovery methods for zinc oxide dust containing intractable germanide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Xu
- Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongying Xia
- Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China.
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9
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Tian Q, Wei D, Pan Y, Zhang H. Elemental distributions of solid waste collected from the germanium extraction process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:18485-18493. [PMID: 38347351 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The solid waste produced from the germanium extraction process has attached much attention to its potential germanium sources. However, the elemental distribution of solid waste is still unclear. Therefore, the solid waste was studied using a sequential extraction procedure and characterizations including XRD, FTIR, XPS, SEM-EDS, and XAFS. It has been found that Ca, S, Fe, and Si could present crystal occurrence forms such as calcium sulfate, iron oxide hydroxide, or quartz. Furthermore, Si and Al can form a certain amount of amorphous substance. Accordingly, the sequential leaching results tell that Ca and S can be mostly leached out in pure water or weak acid solution, and more than 50% of Fe, Al, and Si were leached out in the reducible or oxidizable environment. Additionally, a part of S could be associated with Pb, generating a mostly Pb-bearing sulfate structure. Most of Zn was leached out from the reducible step, and only a very small part of Zn presented in the residual state, indicating that the majority of Zn might exist in an oxidation state and a small amount of Zn is associated in the amorphous phase. In terms of Ge, As, and Cr, almost all of them existed in the residual state. Ge should be in the occurrence of Si/Al amorphous structure. Similarly, Cr should be most likely to associate with silicates. Furthermore, As is mainly associated with iron mineral through the formation of the binuclear bidentate corner-sharing complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanzhi Tian
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
| | - Du Wei
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yinhai Pan
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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Kholkhujaev J, Maculotti G, Genta G, Galetto M. Metrological Comparison of Available Methods to Correct Edge-Effect Local Plasticity in Instrumented Indentation Test. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4262. [PMID: 37374447 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The Instrumented Indentation Test (IIT) mechanically characterizes materials from the nano to the macro scale, enabling the evaluation of microstructure and ultra-thin coatings. IIT is a non-conventional technique applied in strategic sectors, e.g., automotive, aerospace and physics, to foster the development of innovative materials and manufacturing processes. However, material plasticity at the indentation edge biases the characterization results. Correcting such effects is extremely challenging, and several methods have been proposed in the literature. However, comparisons of these available methods are rare, often limited in scope, and neglect metrological performance of the different methods. After reviewing the main available methods, this work innovatively proposes a performance comparison within a metrological framework currently missing in the literature. The proposed framework for performance comparison is applied to some available methods, i.e., work-based, topographical measurement of the indentation to evaluate the area and the volume of the pile-up, Nix-Gao model and the electrical contact resistance (ECR) approach. The accuracy and measurement uncertainty of the correction methods is compared considering calibrated reference materials to establish traceability of the comparison. Results, also discussed in light of the practical convenience of the methods, show that the most accurate method is the Nix-Gao approach (accuracy of 0.28 GPa, expanded uncertainty of 0.57 GPa), while the most precise is the ECR (accuracy of 0.33 GPa, expanded uncertainty of 0.37 GPa), which also allows for in-line and real-time corrections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasurkhuja Kholkhujaev
- Department of Management and Production Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent, Kichik Halka Yuli, 17, Tashkent 100095, Uzbekistan
| | - Giacomo Maculotti
- Department of Management and Production Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Genta
- Department of Management and Production Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Galetto
- Department of Management and Production Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
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Patel M, Karamalidis AK. Catechol-Functionalized Chitosan Synthesis and Selective Extraction of Germanium (IV) from Acidic Solutions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Patel
- Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Athanasios K. Karamalidis
- Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States
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12
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Wang P, Liu Z, Zhang T, Liu Z, Zhu D, Jiang T. Extraction mechanism of germanium in sulfate solutions using a tertiary amine (N235)-based solvent extraction system. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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13
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Veselova VO, Gajtko OM, Volodin VD, Shafranov MA, Egorysheva AV. A One‐Step Synthesis of Dispersed Bismuth Orthogermanate Powder and its Performance for Alpha‐ and Gamma‐Radiation Detection. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Varvara O. Veselova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS Leninskii pr. 31 Moscow 119071 Russia
| | - Olga M. Gajtko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS Leninskii pr. 31 Moscow 119071 Russia
| | - Vsevolod D. Volodin
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry RAS ul. Kosygina 19 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Mark A. Shafranov
- Department of Chemistry Moscow State University Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Anna V. Egorysheva
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS Leninskii pr. 31 Moscow 119071 Russia
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14
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Losev VN, Buiko OV, Didukh-Shadrina SL, Shimanskii AF, Zhizhaev AM. Germanium(IV) Adsorption by Inorganic Oxides Modified Layer-by-Layer with Polyhexamethylene Guanidine and Tiron. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023622090078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Geng H, Zhong QZ, Li J, Lin Z, Cui J, Caruso F, Hao J. Metal Ion-Directed Functional Metal-Phenolic Materials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11432-11473. [PMID: 35537069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions are ubiquitous in nature and play significant roles in assembling functional materials in fields spanning chemistry, biology, and materials science. Metal-phenolic materials are assembled from phenolic components in the presence of metal ions through the formation of metal-organic complexes. Alkali, alkali-earth, transition, and noble metal ions as well as metalloids interacting with phenolic building blocks have been widely exploited to generate diverse hybrid materials. Despite extensive studies on the synthesis of metal-phenolic materials, a comprehensive summary of how metal ions guide the assembly of phenolic compounds is lacking. A fundamental understanding of the roles of metal ions in metal-phenolic materials engineering will facilitate the assembly of materials with specific and functional properties. In this review, we focus on the diversity and function of metal ions in metal-phenolic material engineering and emerging applications. Specifically, we discuss the range of underlying interactions, including (i) cation-π, (ii) coordination, (iii) redox, and (iv) dynamic covalent interactions, and highlight the wide range of material properties resulting from these interactions. Applications (e.g., biological, catalytic, and environmental) and perspectives of metal-phenolic materials are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Geng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Qi-Zhi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.,Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Biomaterials, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhixing Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jiwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Frank Caruso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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16
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Green separation and recovery of cobalt and nickel from sulphuric acid achieved by complexation-assisted solvent extraction. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Ma H, Xiao H, Gao T. Spectroscopic Properties and Spin-Orbit Coupling of Electronic Excited States of GeCl . J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:653-662. [PMID: 35084857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure and spectroscopic properties of GeCl+ are studied by high-level ab initio calculations by considering spin-orbit coupling (SOC). The potential energy curves (PECs) and spectroscopic constants of 12 Λ-S states and 23 Ω states are calculated using the multi-reference configuration interaction plus Davidson correction method (MRCI + Q), which are in good agreement with the experiment. Based on the calculated SO matrix and the PECs of the Ω states, the interaction between the d3Π state and other states caused by the SOC and the double-potential well structure caused by the avoided crossing rule and the properties of transitions d3Π0+-X1Σ+0+, d3Π1-X1Σ+0+, and a3Σ+1-X1Σ+0+ are studied. Our results indicate that the previously observed spectra of GeCl+ in the 290-325 nm range should be assigned as the a3Σ+1-X1Σ+0+ transition. Moreover, the predissociation behavior of the d3Π state between the vibrational levels v' = 1 and v' = 10 is discussed, and the radiative lifetimes of transitions d3Π0+-X1Σ+0+ and d3Π1-X1Σ+0+ are evaluated on the order of microseconds, while a3Σ+1-X1Σ+0+ is on the order of milliseconds. We estimate that the strongest bands of a3Σ+1-X1Σ+0+ are the 0-16, 0-17, and 0-18 bands. This study will promote our understanding of the detailed electronic structure and spectra of the GeCl+ radical cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Ma
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Huagang Xiao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tao Gao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.,Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Separation Iron(III)-Manganese(II) via Supported Liquid Membrane Technology in the Treatment of Spent Alkaline Batteries. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11120991. [PMID: 34940492 PMCID: PMC8706058 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the transport of iron(III) from iron(III)-manganese(II)-hydrochloric acid mixed solutions, coming from the treatment of spent alkaline batteries through a flat-sheet supported liquid membrane, is investigated (the carrier phase being of Cyanex 923 (commercially available phosphine oxide extractant) dissolved in Solvesso 100 (commercially available diluent)). Iron(III) transport is studied as a function of hydrodynamic conditions, the concentration of manganese and HCl in the feed phase, and the carrier concentration in the membrane phase. A transport model is derived that describes the transport mechanism, consisting of diffusion through a feed aqueous diffusion layer, a fast interfacial chemical reaction, and diffusion of the iron(III) species-Cyanex 923 complex across the membrane phase. The membrane diffusional resistance (Δm) and feed diffusional resistance (Δf) are calculated from the model, and their values are 145 s/cm and 361 s/cm, respectively. It is apparent that the transport of iron(III) is mainly controlled by diffusion through the aqueous feed boundary layer, this being the thickness of this layer calculated as 2.9 × 10-3 cm. Since manganese(II) is not transported through the membrane phase, the present system allows the purification of these manganese-bearing solutions.
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Xin C, Xia H, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Zhang W. Leaching of zinc and germanium from zinc oxide dust in sulfuric acid-ozone media. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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