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Cheah YK, Kee CC, Lim KK, Cheong YL. Demographic, lifestyle, social, and psychological factors associated with worry-related sleep problems among school-going adolescents in Timor-Leste. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2024; 37:e12468. [PMID: 38654575 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescent sleep problems are a worldwide public health issue. The present study examines factors associated with worry-related sleep problems among school-going adolescents. The country of interest is Timor-Leste, a low-income country, where studies pertaining to adolescent sleep problems are lacking. DESIGN AND MEASURES Data were analysed from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey Timor-Leste (n = 3455). An ordered probit model was used to assess the effects of demographic, lifestyle, social, and psychological factors on different levels of worry-related sleep problems (i.e., no, mild and severe sleep problems). RESULTS School-going adolescents were more likely to face mild or severe worry-related sleep problems if they were older, passive smokers, alcohol drinkers and moderately active. School-going adolescents who sometimes or always went hungry were more likely to experience worry-related sleep problems than those who did not. Involvement in physical fights, being bullied, and loneliness were positively associated with the probability of having modest or severe worry-related sleep problems. CONCLUSION Age, exposure to second-hand smoke, alcohol consumption, physical activity, going hungry, physical fights, being bullied and loneliness are the important determining factors of adolescent worry-related sleep problems. Policymakers should pay special attention to these factors when formulating intervention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kang Cheah
- School of Economics, Finance and Banking, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia
| | - Chee Cheong Kee
- Sector for Biostatistics and Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Kuang Kuay Lim
- Centre for Occupational Health Research, Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Yoon Ling Cheong
- Special Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, Malaysia
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Adolescents' reports of chaos within the family home environment: Investigating associations with lifestyle behaviours and obesity. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280737. [PMID: 36701326 PMCID: PMC9879426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disorganised and chaotic home environments may hinder the adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviours and contribute to excessive weight gain among adolescents. We examined whether self-reported level of chaos within the family home environment is associated with lifestyle behaviours and obesity in adolescent girls and boys. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the 3rd wave of the Québec Adipose and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth (QUALITY) study were analyzed. The sample consisted of n = 377 White adolescents with a history of parental obesity. Home environment chaos was measured using the Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale (CHAOS) analyzed both continuously and dichotomized as high vs. low chaos. Body Mass Index z-scores (zBMI) were computed using WHO standards from measured weight and height. Physical activity (7-day accelerometry), vegetable and fruit intake (three 24-hour diet recalls), and leisure screen time and sleep duration (questionnaire) were assessed. Sex-specific linear regression models were used to estimate associations between level of family home environment chaos, lifestyle behaviours and zBMI. RESULTS The overall level of chaos was low in our study sample, with higher reported levels among girls compared to boys. Among girls, high (vs low) chaos was associated with shorter sleep duration (hours/day) (B = - 0.44, 95% CI: -0.75, -0.14). No associations were observed for other lifestyle behaviours or for zBMI. CONCLUSION In this sample of adolescents with a parental history of obesity, higher household chaos was not associated with obesity or lifestyle behaviours, except for sleep duration among girls. Replication of findings in more diverse samples is indicated.
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Digital media use and sleep in late adolescence and young adulthood: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 68:101742. [PMID: 36638702 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite much attention on digital media use and young peoples' sleep, the literature on digital media and its impact on sleep in older adolescents and young adults remains to be synthesized. We conducted a systematic review of studies including young people aged 16-25 years. We searched Medline, Web of Science, and CINAHL for observational studies, identifying 60 studies. These studies were assessed for methodological quality. Only studies rated as moderate or high-quality studies were included (n = 42). A narrative synthesis summarized the impact of digital media use on eight sleep outcomes: Bedtime; Sleep onset latency or problems falling asleep; Sleep duration; Early awakening; Sleep disturbance; Daytime tiredness and function; Sleep deficits; Sleep quality. In summary, digital media use was associated to shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality. These associations were found for general screen use and use of mobile phone, computer, internet, and social media, but not for television, game console, and tablet use. Most studies investigating bedtime or nighttime use found associations to poor sleep outcomes. Later bedtime and daytime tiredness were associated with mobile phone use at night. Additional research is warranted to draw solid conclusions about the causal direction and to understand the underlying mechanisms.
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Sutherland BD, Viera Perez PM, Crooks KE, Flannery JS, Hill-Bowen LD, Riedel MC, Laird AR, Trucco EM, Sutherland MT. The association of amygdala-insula functional connectivity and adolescent e-cigarette use via sleep problems and depressive symptoms. Addict Behav 2022; 135:107458. [PMID: 35998541 PMCID: PMC9730909 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use remains high. Elucidating contributing factors may enhance prevention strategies. Neurobiologically, amygdala-insula resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) has been linked with aspects of sleep, affect, and substance use (SU). As such, we hypothesized that amygdala's rsFC with the insula would be associated with e-cigarette use via sleep problems and/or depression levels. METHODS An adolescent sample (N = 146) completed a rs-fMRI scan at time 1 and self-reports at time 2 (∼15 months later). Given consistent associations between mental health outcomes and the rsFC of the laterobasal amygdala (lbAMY) with the anterior insula, we utilized a seed region (lbAMY) to region of interest (ROI) analysis approach to characterize brain-behavior relationships. Two serial mediation models tested the interrelations between amygdala's rsFC with distinct anterior insula subregions (i.e., ventral insula [vI], dorsal insula [dI]), sleep problems, depression levels, and days of e-cigarette use. RESULTS An indirect effect was observed when considering the lbAMY's rsFC with the vI. Greater rsFC predicted more sleep problems, more sleep problems were linked with greater depressive symptoms, and greater depressive symptoms were associated with more e-cigarette use (indirect effect = 0.08, CI [0.01,0.21]). Indicative of a neurobiological dissociation, a similar indirect effect linking these variables was not observed when considering the lbAMY's rsFC with the dI (indirect effect = 0.03, CI [-0.001,0.10]). CONCLUSIONS These outcomes highlight functional interactions between the amygdala and insula as a neurobiological contributor to sleep problems, depressive symptoms, and ultimately SU thereby suggesting potential intervention points to reduce teen e-cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katharine E Crooks
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jessica S Flannery
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lauren D Hill-Bowen
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Michael C Riedel
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Elisa M Trucco
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States; Addiction Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Matthew T Sutherland
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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Inhulsen MMR, Busch V, Kalk R, van Stralen MM. Adolescent sleep duration: associations with social‐cognitive determinants and the mediating role of sleep hygiene practices. J Sleep Res 2022; 32:e13774. [PMID: 36367212 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient sleep duration among adolescents is a widespread public health problem. Gaining better insight into social-cognitive determinants associated with adolescent sleep duration is necessary for developing effective preventive interventions to support healthy sleep. This study aimed to explore whether social-cognitive determinants regarding sufficient sleep duration were associated with sleep duration, and if these associations were mediated by collective sleep hygiene practices. Furthermore, we examined these associations for social-cognitive determinants related to not using media before bedtime and doing relaxing activities and considered whether these associations were mediated by specific sleep hygiene practices. Data were collected amongst second- and third-grade adolescents from 10 Dutch high schools. A total of 878 adolescents (mean [SD] age 13.3 [0.71] years) completed data on sleep duration, social-cognitive determinants of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (i.e., attitude, subjective norms from parents, subjective norms from peers, perceived behavioural control, intention), and sleep hygiene practices. Single- and multivariable path models were constructed and mediation by sleep hygiene practices was analysed by Monte Carlo simulation. All social-cognitive determinants except for subjective norms from peers were associated with longer sleep duration (p < 0.01). Sleep hygiene practices mediated all associations between social-cognitive determinants and sleep duration (mediation ranging from 16% to 72%). Although some of the significant associations and mediation disappeared in the multivariable model, behavioural arousal was the strongest mediator, but collective sleep hygiene practices and cognitive/emotional arousal also explained parts of the associations. The findings indicate that social-cognitive factors should not be overlooked when targeting adolescent sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj‐Britt M. R. Inhulsen
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Public Health Service Sarphati Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Vincent Busch
- Public Health Service Sarphati Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Rianne Kalk
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Maartje M. van Stralen
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam the Netherlands
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Maurya C, Muhammad T, Maurya P, Dhillon P. The association of smartphone screen time with sleep problems among adolescents and young adults: cross-sectional findings from India. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1686. [PMID: 36064373 PMCID: PMC9444278 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although sleep problem is a growing public health issue with the advancement of technology, especially among adolescents and young adults, it received little attention. The study aimed to examine the association of screen time on smartphone with sleep problems among adolescents and young-adults in India. Methods We used data from the “Understanding the lives of adolescents and young-adults” (UDAYA, 2018). The effective sample size for the study was 16,292 adolescents and young adults (males-4428 and females-11,864). Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis with percentages and chi-square test were used to report the preliminary results. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between smartphone screen time and sleep problems, separately for adolescents and young adults. Results Nearly 15.6% of males and 23.5% of females had sleep problems in their adolescence in the last 15 days, while these percentage were high among young-adults (18.4% males and 33.24% females). Adolescents [AOR: 1.55; CI: 1.21-1.99] and young adults [AOR: 1.48; CI: 1.24-1.75], who spent more than 2 h on smartphone had higher odds of reporting sleep problems than those who did not use smartphone in the last 24 hours. Adolescent females who used smartphone for less or equal to 2 h and three or more hours respectively, had 2.11 [AOR: 2.11; CI: 1.63-2.73] and 2.94 times [AOR: 2.94; CI: 1.97-4.38] higher odds of reporting sleep problems than adolescent males who did not use smartphones. Additionally, among the young adult females, the odds of sleep problems were 1.66 times [AOR: 1.66; CI: 1.55-2.38] and 2.36 times [AOR: 2.36; CI: 1.59-3.51] greater than the non-users young adult males. Conclusion The increased time spent on mobile phones’s screen among adolescents and young-adults, particularly in females is associated with a higher likelihood of reporting sleeping problems. The current findings have important implications for adolescence and young-adults’ mental health programmes. The findings can also be used to further inform how different strategies need to be developed for better sleep outcome during adolescence and young-adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanda Maurya
- Department of Survey Reseach and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - T Muhammad
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
| | - Priya Maurya
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Preeti Dhillon
- Department of Survey Reseach and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Chang FC, Chiu CH, Chen PH, Chiang JT, Miao NF, Chuang HY, Huang WQ, Tseng CC. Smartphone addiction and victimization predicts sleep problems and depression among children. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 64:e24-e31. [PMID: 35101352 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study we examined the phenomena of smartphone addiction, online harassment, and school bullying/victimization to predict the prospective influence these could have on the onset and persistence of sleep problems and depression among children. METHODS Responses from 2155 fifth-grade children recruited from 30 primary schools in Taipei were assessed, and a follow-up was performed in the 6th grade. Self-administered questionnaires were collected for each year. FINDINGS Children who reported smartphone addictions, online harassment, and school bullying/victimization coupled with an increase in those factors were more likely to experience the onset and persistence of sleep problems. In addition, children who reported smartphone addiction, online harassment, school bullying/victimization, and poor sleep quality were more likely to experience the onset and persistence of depression. IMPLICATIONS School nurses or pediatric nurses should be able to assess children's Internet use and risks to understand potential influences on sleep quality and mental status and provide recommendations for children, parents and schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong-Ching Chang
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan.
| | - Chiung-Hui Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Information and Computer Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Hung Chen
- The Graduate Institute of Mass Communication, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan.
| | | | - Nae-Fang Miao
- College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Quan Huang
- National Health Insurance Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan.
| | - Chie-Chien Tseng
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan.
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8
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Cabré-Riera A, van Wel L, Liorni I, Koopman-Verhoeff ME, Imaz L, Ibarluzea J, Huss A, Wiart J, Vermeulen R, Joseph W, Capstick M, Vrijheid M, Cardis E, Röösli M, Eeftens M, Thielens A, Tiemeier H, Guxens M. Estimated all-day and evening whole-brain radiofrequency electromagnetic fields doses, and sleep in preadolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112291. [PMID: 34757029 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of estimated all-day and evening whole-brain radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) doses with sleep disturbances and objective sleep measures in preadolescents. METHODS We included preadolescents aged 9-12 years from two population-based birth cohorts, the Dutch Generation R Study (n = 974) and the Spanish INfancia y Medio Ambiente Project (n = 868). All-day and evening overall whole-brain RF-EMF doses (mJ/kg/day) were estimated for several RF-EMF sources including mobile and Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) phone calls (named phone calls), other mobile phone uses, tablet use, laptop use (named screen activities), and far-field sources. We also estimated all-day and evening whole-brain RF-EMF doses in these three groups separately (i.e. phone calls, screen activities, and far-field). The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children was completed by mothers to assess sleep disturbances. Wrist accelerometers together with sleep diaries were used to measure sleep characteristics objectively for 7 consecutive days. RESULTS All-day whole-brain RF-EMF doses were not associated with self-reported sleep disturbances and objective sleep measures. Regarding evening doses, preadolescents with high evening whole-brain RF-EMF dose from phone calls had a shorter total sleep time compared to preadolescents with zero evening whole-brain RF-EMF dose from phone calls [-11.9 min (95%CI -21.2; -2.5)]. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the evening as a potentially relevant window of RF-EMF exposure for sleep. However, we cannot exclude that observed associations are due to the activities or reasons motivating the phone calls rather than the RF-EMF exposure itself or due to chance finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Cabré-Riera
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luuk van Wel
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - M Elisabeth Koopman-Verhoeff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liher Imaz
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub-Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain; BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub-Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain; BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain; Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joe Wiart
- LTCI, Telecom Paris, Chaire C2M, France
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wout Joseph
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/IMEC, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marloes Eeftens
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arno Thielens
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/IMEC, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mònica Guxens
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Illingworth G, Mansfield KL, Espie CA, Fazel M, Waite F. Sleep in the time of COVID-19: findings from 17000 school-aged children and adolescents in the UK during the first national lockdown. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2022; 3:zpab021. [PMID: 35128401 PMCID: PMC8807290 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep is essential to young people's wellbeing, yet may be constricted by the adolescent delayed sleep phase coupled with school start times. COVID-19 restrictions caused major disruptions to everyday routines, including partial school closures. We set out to understand changes in students' self-reported sleep quality, and associations with mental wellbeing and interpersonal functioning, during these restrictions. METHODS The OxWell school survey-a cross-sectional online survey-collected data from 18 642 children and adolescents (aged 8-19 years, 60% female, school year 4-13) from 230 schools in southern England, in June-July 2020. Participants completed self-report measures of the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on sleep quality, happiness, and social relationships. Sleep timing was compared with data collected from 4222 young people in 2019. RESULTS Females and older adolescents were more likely to report deteriorations in sleep during the national lockdown. Regression analysis revealed that changes in happiness (β = .34) and how well students were getting on with others in their household (β = .07) predicted change in sleep quality. Students' bedtimes and wake times were later, and sleep duration was longer in 2020 compared to the 2019 survey. Secondary school students reported the greatest differences, especially later wake times. CONCLUSIONS During COVID-19 restrictions, sleep patterns consistent with adolescent delayed sleep phase were observed, with longer sleep times for secondary school students in particular. Perceived deteriorations in sleep quality were associated with reductions in happiness and interpersonal functioning, highlighting the importance of including sleep measures in adolescent wellbeing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaby Illingworth
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karen L Mansfield
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin A Espie
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mina Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Felicity Waite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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10
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Rades D, Narvaez CA, Dziggel L, Janssen S, Olbrich D, Tvilsted S, Kjaer TW. A prospective interventional study investigating sleep disorders prior to and during adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1349. [PMID: 34930172 PMCID: PMC8686268 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09084-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most breast cancer patients with non-metastatic disease receive adjuvant local or loco-regional radiotherapy. To be scheduled for irradiation may cause distress and fears that can lead to sleep disorders. Few reports focused on sleep problems in patients assigned to radiotherapy. This study evaluates the course of sleep disorders during adjuvant radiotherapy for primary breast cancer and potential risk factors including the use of smartphones or tablets at bedtime. METHODS The main goal is the evaluation of sleep disorders prior to radiotherapy and after 15 fractions of radiotherapy. A potential effect of habituation to the procedure of radiotherapy can be assumed that will likely lead to improvement (decrease) of sleep disorders. Improvement of sleep disorders (compared to baseline before radiotherapy) is defined as decrease of the severity of sleep disorders by ≥2 points on a patient self-rating scale (0 = no problems; 10 = maximum problems) or decrease of distress caused by sleep disorders by ≥2 points on a self-rating scale (0 = no distress; 10 = maximum distress) or reduction of the dose of sleeping drugs by ≥25%. Additional endpoints include sleep disorders after 5 fractions and at the end of radiotherapy. Moreover, potential risk factors including the use of smartphones or tablets at bedtime are evaluated. Fifty-one patients (48 plus potential drop-outs) are required. With this sample size, a one-sample binomial test with a one-sided significance level of 2.5% has a power of 80% to yield statistical significance, if the rate of patients with improvement of sleep disorders is 25% (rate under the alternative hypothesis) and assuming that a decrease of ≤10% has to be judged as a random, non-causal change in this uncontrolled study setting (null hypothesis). DISCUSSION If a decrease of sleep disorders during the course of radiotherapy is shown, this aspect should be included in the pre-radiotherapy consent discussion with the patients. Moreover, identification of additional risk factors will likely lead to earlier psychological support. If the use of smartphones or tablets at bedtime is a risk factor, patients should be advised to change this behavior. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04879264; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04879264 ); registered on 7th of May, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Rades
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Carlos A Narvaez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Liesa Dziggel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefan Janssen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Soeren Tvilsted
- Research Projects and Clinical Optimization, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
| | - Troels W Kjaer
- Neurological Department, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
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11
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Asarnow LD, Gasperetti CE, Gumport NB, Harvey AG. Internet use and its impact on internalizing disorder symptoms and sleep in adolescents with an evening circadian preference. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 17:2019-2027. [PMID: 34606439 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES This study sought to examine the relationship between internet use, sleep, and internalizing disorder symptoms in adolescents with an evening circadian preference. METHODS One hundred seventy-two adolescents aged 10-18 years with an evening circadian preference completed a week of sleep diaries and questionnaires about internet use and internalizing disorder symptoms. RESULTS Adolescents reported internet use for 3.81 hours on weekdays and 5.44 hours on weekends, with > 90% having access to both a computer with internet and a personal cell phone. A majority of adolescents used the internet from 4-8 pm (71%) and from 9-11 pm (62%). Common online activities included listening to music (77%), watching videos (64%), communicating with others (64%), and doing homework (58%). Late-night internet use (9-11 pm) was associated with more internalizing disorder symptoms. Middle-of-the-night internet use (midnight-5 am) was associated with a later bedtime, shorter total sleep time, and more internalizing disorder symptoms. Adolescents used the internet to fulfill social needs, to avoid or combat boredom, or for maladaptive activities. Using the internet for social interaction or avoidance/boredom was associated with higher internalizing disorder symptoms. Using the internet for maladaptive reasons was associated with more late-night and middle-of-the-night use. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent internet use late at night and in the middle of the night is common. Internet use may be motivated by desires for social connection, by boredom/avoidance, or for maladaptive behaviors. Because middle-of-the-night internet use was associated with higher internalizing disorder symptoms and worse sleep, it presents as a potential target for intervention. CITATION Asarnow LD, Gasperetti CE, Gumport NB, Harvey AG. Internet use and its impact on internalizing disorder symptoms and sleep in adolescents with an evening circadian preference. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(10):2019-2027.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren D Asarnow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Caitlin E Gasperetti
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Nicole B Gumport
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Allison G Harvey
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
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12
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Richardson C, Magson N, Fardouly J, Oar E, Johnco C, Rapee R. A longitudinal investigation of sleep and technology use in early adolescence: does parental control of technology use protect adolescent sleep? Sleep Med 2021; 84:368-379. [PMID: 34247125 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A bi-directional relationship between technology use and adolescent sleep is likely, yet findings are mixed, and it is not known whether parental control of technology use can protect sleep. The current study examined bi-directionality between technology use on school nights and morning/eveningness, sleep duration and daytime sleepiness in early adolescents. We also examined whether time spent using technology mediated the relationship between parental control of technology and adolescent sleep. METHODS Adolescents and their primary caregiver (96% mothers) completed questionnaire measures of sleep, technology use and parental control across three, annual waves: Wave 1 (N = 528, Mage = 11.18, SD = 0.56, range = 10-12, 51% male), Wave 2 (N = 502, Mage = 12.19, SD = 0.53, 52% male) and Wave 3 (N = 478, Mage = 13.19, SD = 0.53, 52% male). RESULTS When examining the direct relationship between sleep and technology use, cross-lagged panel models showed that time spent using technology predicted shorter sleep duration and greater daytime sleepiness in adolescence, and evening diurnal preference and shorter sleep duration contributed to increased technology use over time. The relationship between technology use and sleep duration was bi-directional. Time spent using technology and adolescent sleep predicted, yet were not predicted by, parental control of technology use. CONCLUSIONS While normative changes in sleep (eg, increased eveningness) may promote increased technology use, technology use may further impinge upon sleep. Results suggest it may be pertinent to instead find creative ways in which adolescents themselves can mitigate their risk of inadequate sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Richardson
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - N Magson
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Fardouly
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - E Oar
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C Johnco
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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13
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Paschke K, Laurenz L, Thomasius R. Chronic Sleep Reduction in Childhood and Adolescence. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 117:661-667. [PMID: 33357350 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Habitually shortened nighttime sleep is a common phenomenon in childhood and adolescence, sometimes associated with chronic sleep reduction (CSR). CSR is associated with impairments of performance ability and emotional well-being. The extent to which children and adolescents in Germany suffer from CSR is unclear; it is also unclear what factors are predictive of CSR. METHODS In the present study, we carried out a telephone survey in a representative sample of 998 children and adolescents aged 12 to 17, asking them about their sleep behavior, sleep disturbances, and mental well-being. A standardized method was used. RESULTS The point prevalence of CSR was found to be 12.5% (95% confidence interval, [10.5; 14.6]). Children and adolescents affected by CSR reported a significantly higher frequency of insomnia, delayed sleep-phase syndrome, restless legs syndrome, and obstructive sleep apnea. Female sex, pro - longed absence from school or vocational training, emotional and behavioral disturbances, age over 15 years, bedtimes after 10:38 pm on nights before school (or vocational training), getting up after 10:04 on days off, and reported insomnia were all associated with CSR, with odds ratios (OR) ranging from 2.2 to 21.1 (R2 = 0.32 in a logistic regression model). CONCLUSION One in eight persons aged 12 to 17 in Germany, particularly girls, meets the criteria for CSR. CSR is associated with sleep disturbances and significantly impaired mental health and should, therefore, always be kept in mind in routine clinical practice. We provide a set of indicators for possible CSR that patients can easily be asked about.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Paschke
- German Center for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence (DZSKJ), University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE)
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14
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Meltzer LJ, Forrest CB, de la Motte A, Mindell JA, Bevans KB. Development and Validation of the Pediatric Sleep Practices Questionnaire: A Self-Report Measure for Youth Ages 8-17 Years. Behav Sleep Med 2021; 19:126-143. [PMID: 32000516 PMCID: PMC8687734 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2020.1714625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To develop and evaluate the validity of a self-report measure of sleep practices for youth 8-17 years. Methods: Following recommended guidelines for the development of patient reported outcomes (PROs), sleep practice concepts were identified through expert (n = 8) and child (n = 28) concept elicitation interviews and a systematic literature review. Items were developed based on these concepts and tested in cognitive interviews with children (n = 32). Psychometric analyses were applied to item response data collected from a diverse sample of youth 8-17 years (n = 307). Construct validity was evaluated through tests of associations between sleep practices and sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment. Finally, clinical validity of the tool was assessed by comparing scores of youth with and without a parent-identified sleep problem. Results: The final Pediatric Sleep Practices Questionnaire (PSPQ) included 15 items that were used to identify 5 sleep practices: sleep timing, sleep routines and consistency, technology use before bedtime, sleep environment, and the need for parental presence to fall asleep. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the hypothesized structure (all factor loadings ≥ 0.72) and PSPQ indices were significantly associated with self-reported sleep disturbances and sleep-related impairment. Finally, children with parent-reported sleep problems had shorter sleep opportunity, later bedtimes, greater need for parental presence, poorer bedtime routines, and more technology use than children without parent-reported sleep problems. Conclusions: The PSPQ was developed using best-practice PRO development methodology. The PSPQ can be used in clinical settings and for research assessment to capture modifiable sleep practices that may promote or interfere with healthy sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Meltzer
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
| | | | - Anna de la Motte
- Applied Clinical Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Jodi A Mindell
- Department of Psychology, Saint Joseph's University
- Sleep Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Katherine B Bevans
- College of Public Health, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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15
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Nunes S, Campbell MK, Klar N, Reid GJ, Stranges S. Relationships between sleep and internalizing problems in early adolescence: Results from Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. J Psychosom Res 2020; 139:110279. [PMID: 33069053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both inadequate sleep and internalizing problems, such as symptoms of anxiety and depression, are prevalent among adolescents with sparse epidemiological literature outlining sex-specific relationships at this critical age. OBJECTIVE To examine cross-sectional and prospective relationships between self-reported sleep problems, indicated by sleep duration, difficulties getting to sleep and changes in difficulties getting to sleep with internalizing problems in early adolescence. METHODS This study was a secondary analysis of data from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations. Relevant family and social context variables were controlled for in multivariable analyses. Family functioning was assessed as a potential effect modifier. RESULTS There were 993 and 736 participants [longitudinal cohort entry age of 10 or 11 years; 49% male] in longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses, respectively. Most cross-sectional multivariable analyses of sleep duration and internalizing problems revealed no statistical associations. Difficulties sleeping and concurrent internalizing problems were positively associated in 12/13 year old females (β = 1.77 [0.94, 2.61], R2 = 17%) and males (β = 1.18 [0.36, 2.01], R2 = 16%). High persistent difficulties sleeping in females aged 12/13 to 14/15 years also positively predicted internalizing problems in females age 14/15 years (β = 1.90 [0.52, 3.29], R2 = 21%) while controlling for initial internalizing symptoms. Family functioning was not found to be an effect modifier. CONCLUSION Findings highlight the potential role of difficulties sleeping for adolescents' mental health. Public health initiatives to promote sleep hygiene in this population subgroup are critical to prevent the potential long-term health impact of sleep problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Nunes
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Canada
| | - M Karen Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western University, London, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Neil Klar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Graham J Reid
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Canada; Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, Western University, London, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Saverio Stranges
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, Western University, London, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada; Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg..
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16
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Van Meter AR, Anderson EA. Evidence Base Update on Assessing Sleep in Youth. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 49:701-736. [PMID: 33147074 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2020.1802735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep is vital to youth well-being and when it becomes disturbed - whether due to environmental or individual factors - mental and physical health suffer. Sleep problems can also be a symptom of underlying mental health disorders. Assessing different components of sleep, including quality and hygiene, can be useful both for identifying mental health problems and for measuring changes in well-being over time. However, there are dozens of sleep-related measures for youth and it can be difficult to determine which to select for a specific research or clinical purpose. The goal of this review was to identify sleep-related measures for clinical and/or research use in youth mental health settings, and to update the evidence base on this topic. METHOD We generated a list of candidate measures based on other reviews and searched in PubMed and PsycINFO using the terms "sleep" AND (measure OR assessment OR questionnaire) AND (psychometric OR reliability OR validity). Search results were limited to studies about children and adolescents (aged 2-17) published in English. Additional criteria for inclusion were that there had to be at least three publications reporting on the measure psychometrics in community or mental health populations. Sleep measures meeting these criteria were evaluated using the criteria set by De Los Reyes and Langer (2018). RESULTS Twenty-six measures, across four domains of sleep - insomnia, sleep hygiene, sleepiness, sleep quality - met inclusion criteria. Each measure had at least adequate clinical utility. No measure(s) emerged as superior across psychometric domains. CONCLUSION Clinicians and researchers must evaluate sleep measures for each use case, as the intended purpose will dictate which measure is best. Future research is necessary to evaluate measure performance in transdiagnostic mental health populations, including youth with serious mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Van Meter
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital.,Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Institute for Behavioral Science.,Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell
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17
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Klavina-Makrecka S, Gobina I, Pulmanis T, Pudule I, Villerusa A. Insufficient sleep duration in association with self-reported pain and corresponding medicine use among adolescents: a cross-sectional population-based study in Latvia. Int J Public Health 2020; 65:1365-1371. [PMID: 32930816 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-020-01478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pain among adolescents is prevalent that may negatively affect adolescents' general well-being of which sleep is an important domain. This study aims to explore the associations between weekly pain and medicine use for relevant pain and insufficient sleep duration among 11-, 13- and 15-year-old adolescents in Latvia by assessing the moderation effect of gender and age. METHODS Data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study on 2017/2018 of Latvia (n = 4412; 49.6% boys) were used. Logistic regression was applied to analyse the odds of insufficient sleep (< 7 h) on schooldays and weekends in association with weekly headache, stomach ache or backache and corresponding medicine use when testing the interaction effect of adolescents' gender and age. RESULTS The experience of weekly pain with or without medicine use significantly increased the odds of insufficient sleep compared to adolescents with pain less than weekly, while controlling for gender and age. The interaction effect of gender and age on the studied associations was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Weekly pain among adolescents is a significant risk factor for insufficient sleep duration, regardless of adolescents' gender and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solvita Klavina-Makrecka
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Riga Stradiņš University, Kronvalda bulv. 9, Riga, LV, 1010, Latvia.
| | - Inese Gobina
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Riga Stradiņš University, Kronvalda bulv. 9, Riga, LV, 1010, Latvia.,Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradiņš University, Kapseļu Str. 23, Riga, Latvia
| | - Toms Pulmanis
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Riga Stradiņš University, Kronvalda bulv. 9, Riga, LV, 1010, Latvia
| | - Iveta Pudule
- Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Duntes Str. 22, Riga, Latvia
| | - Anita Villerusa
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Riga Stradiņš University, Kronvalda bulv. 9, Riga, LV, 1010, Latvia.,Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradiņš University, Kapseļu Str. 23, Riga, Latvia
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18
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Perrault AA, Bayer L, Peuvrier M, Afyouni A, Ghisletta P, Brockmann C, Spiridon M, Hulo Vesely S, Haller DM, Pichon S, Perrig S, Schwartz S, Sterpenich V. Reducing the use of screen electronic devices in the evening is associated with improved sleep and daytime vigilance in adolescents. Sleep 2020; 42:5513278. [PMID: 31260534 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of screen electronic devices in the evening negatively affects sleep. Yet, sleep is known to be essential for brain maturation and a key factor for good academic performance, and thus is particularly critical during childhood and adolescence. Although previous studies reported associations between screen time and sleep impairment, their causal relationship in adolescents remains unclear. Using actigraphy and daily questionnaires in a large sample of students (12 to 19 years old), we assessed screen time in the evening and sleep habits over 1 month. This included a 2 week baseline phase, followed by a 40 min sleep education workshop and a 2 week interventional phase, in which participants were asked to stop using screen devices after 9 pm during school nights. During the interventional phase, we found that the reduction of screen time after 9 pm correlated with earlier sleep onset time and increased total sleep duration. The latter led to improved daytime vigilance. These findings provide evidence that restricting screen use in the evening represents a valid and promising approach for improving sleep duration in adolescents, with potential implications for daytime functioning and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore A Perrault
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Science, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Bayer
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Peuvrier
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Science, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alia Afyouni
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Science, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Distance Learning University, Switzerland.,Swiss National Center of Competence in Research LIVES-overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Universities of Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Dagmar M Haller
- Primary care unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Unité Santé Jeunes, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - Swann Pichon
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Science, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Perrig
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Schwartz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Science, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Sterpenich
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Science, Geneva, Switzerland
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19
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Patte KA, Faulkner G, Qian W, Duncan M, Leatherdale ST. Are one-year changes in adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines associated with depressive symptoms among youth? BMC Public Health 2020; 20:793. [PMID: 32460742 PMCID: PMC7251664 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There remains a need for prospective research examining movement behaviours in the prevention and management of mental illness. This study examined whether changes in adherence to the 24-h Movement Guidelines (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA], sleep duration, screen time) were associated with depression symptoms among youth. Methods Conditional change models were used to analyze two waves of longitudinal questionnaire data (2016/17, 2017/18) from students in grades 9–12 (N = 2292) attending 12 schools in Ontario and British Columbia, Canada, as part of the COMPASS study. One-year change in adherence to the MVPA, screen time, and sleep duration guidelines were modeled as predictors of depressive symptoms, adjusting for covariates and prior year depressive symptoms. Models were stratified by sex. Results Continued adherence to sleep guidelines and transitioning from inadequate to sufficient sleep were associated with lower depressive symptoms than continued nonadherence, and continued adherence was associated with lower depression than transitioning from sufficient to short sleep. For screen time, transitioning from exceeding guidelines to guideline adherence was associated with lower depressive symptoms than continued nonadherence. MVPA guideline adherence was not associated with depression scores, when controlling for sleep and screen time guideline adherence change and covariates. When combined, meeting additional guidelines than the year prior was associated with lower depressive symptoms among females only. Conclusions Adherence to the sleep guidelines emerged as the most consistent predictor of depression symptoms. Promoting adherence to the Movement Guidelines, particularly sleep, should be considered priorities for youth mental health at a population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, Niagara Region, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada. .,School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wei Qian
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Markus Duncan
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, Niagara Region, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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20
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Marsh S, Dobson R, Maddison R. The relationship between household chaos and child, parent, and family outcomes: a systematic scoping review. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:513. [PMID: 32316937 PMCID: PMC7175577 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Household chaos, represented by the level of disorganisation or environmental confusion in the home, has been associated with a range of adverse child and family outcomes. This review aims to (1) identify how household chaos is measured, (2) chart study details of household chaos literature, and (3) map the existing literature with respect to the relationship between household chaos and child, parent, and family outcomes. We expect that this review will highlight the need to consider the importance of household chaos in child well-being research, particularly in those families where children may be more vulnerable to the adverse effects of household chaos. METHODS We searched five electronic databases (last updated September 1st 2018) in addition to Google Scholar, and identified publications via a 3-stage screening process, which was conducted by two researchers. Published studies were included if they investigated the association between household chaos and child, parent, or family outcomes. Research that investigated household chaos as a mediator or moderator, or that investigated how the relationship between household chaos and the outcome of interest was mediated or moderated, were also included. RESULTS One hundred twelve studies in 111 publications were included. The majority were conducted in the United States (n = 71), and used either cross-sectional (n = 60) or longitudinal (n = 49) study designs. Outcomes of interest were categorised into seven categories: (1) cognitive and academic (n = 16), (2) socio-emotional and behavioural (n = 60), (3) communication (n = 6), (4) parenting, family, and household functioning (n = 21), (5) parent outcomes (n = 6), (6) hormone (n = 8), and (7) physical health and health behaviours (n = 19). There was consistent evidence for significant correlations between household chaos and adverse outcomes across all seven categories in diverse populations with respect to age, disease status, and socio-economic status (SES). CONCLUSION There is consistent evidence for associations between household chaos and a number of adverse child, parent, and family-level outcomes. Household chaos may also help describe variations in outcomes between low SES and child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Marsh
- National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Rosie Dobson
- National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ralph Maddison
- National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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21
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Thorsén F, Antonson C, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Sleep in relation to psychiatric symptoms and perceived stress in Swedish adolescents aged 15 to 19 years. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2020; 8:10-17. [PMID: 33520774 PMCID: PMC7685494 DOI: 10.21307/sjcapp-2020-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep affects psychiatric health and perceived stress during adolescence. OBJECTIVE The first aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of poor sleep in a sample of Swedish adolescents aged 15 to 19 years. The second aim was to investigate correlations between: a) sleep and psychiatric symptoms and; b) sleep and perceived stress. The third aim was to examine possible sex differences in sleep. METHOD In 2011, a total of 185 Swedish adolescents (aged 15 to 19 years) from two upper secondary schools participated in this cross-sectional study. We used three different psychometric scales: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Symptoms Checklist (SCL-90), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to measure sleep, general psychiatric health and perceived stress. RESULTS In total, 76% of the female students and 71% of the male students had poor overall sleep quality. A large majority, 93%, reported daytime dysfunction and 60% reported problems staying awake during daily activities. The correlation between sleep and general psychiatric health was 0.44 and the correlation between sleep quality and perceived stress was 0.48. Female students reported significantly more sleep disturbances than male students do. CONCLUSIONS Three out of four of the upper secondary school students presented with poor overall sleep that associated with psychiatric symptoms and perceived stress. These findings add to results from earlier studies and imply that interventions to improve sleep in adolescents, individually as well as on a societal level, should be considered as one way of trying to impact the observed rising numbers of psychiatric complaints. Such interventions may improve mental and somatic health in adolescents and prevent the development of psychiatric and stress-related symptoms. Further studies of possible methods, and their implementation, for improving sleep in adolescents should be of high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Thorsén
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carl Antonson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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22
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Batten R, Liddiard K, Raynor AJ, Brown CA, Stanley M. Cross-Sectional Survey of Sleep Practices of Australian University Students. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:39-48. [PMID: 32158292 PMCID: PMC6986411 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s221472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sleep insufficiency is often associated with the life of a university student, yet it is well known that inadequate sleep can have a negative impact on physical and mental health and be detrimental to cognitive skills for learning. The aim of this study was to replicate a Canadian study to survey university student sleep practices, the way in which students address any sleep issues, and the students' preferred method to receive targeted sleep information. METHODS An anonymous on-line survey was promoted to all enrolled students at one Australian University in August 2017. RESULTS In total, 601 students responded to the survey. One third indicated that they had insufficient sleep (less than 6.5 hrs). Almost two thirds reported a perception of not getting sufficient sleep. There was a significant association between the reported number of sleep hours, and the perception of high-quality sleep. Strategies to get to sleep included the use of social media which is counter to best practice in sleep hygiene. CONCLUSION The study supports the need for education about sleep health coupled with stress management to better the demands of student life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Batten
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Katrina Liddiard
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Annette J Raynor
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Cary A Brown
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2G4, Canada
| | - Mandy Stanley
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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23
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Gumport NB, Dolsen EA, Harvey AG. Usefulness and utilization of treatment elements from the Transdiagnostic Sleep and Circadian Intervention for adolescents with an evening circadian preference. Behav Res Ther 2019; 123:103504. [PMID: 31678861 PMCID: PMC6864305 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2019.103504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Existing research has demonstrated that patient ratings of usefulness and ratings of utilization of treatment elements are associated with treatment outcome. Few studies have examined this relationship among adolescents and with an extended follow-up. This study examined the extent to which elements of the Transdiagnostic Sleep and Circadian Intervention (TranS-C) were rated by youth as useful and utilized 6-months and 12-months after treatment. METHOD Participants were 64 adolescents with an evening circadian preference who were given TranS-C as a part of their participation in a NICHD-funded study. At 6-month and 12-month follow-up, they completed the Usefulness Scale, the Utilization Scale, a 7-day sleep diary assessing total sleep time (TST) and bedtime, and the Children's Morningness-Eveningness Preference Scale (CMEP). RESULTS On average, adolescents rated treatment elements as moderately useful and they utilized the treatment elements occasionally. Ratings of usefulness were associated with TST at 6-month follow-up, but not with bedtime or CMEP. Ratings of utilization were associated with a change in bedtime from 6-month to 12-month follow-up, but not with TST or CMEP. Ratings of usefulness and utilization were associated with selected treatment outcome measures at both follow-ups. CONCLUSIONS These findings have implications for understanding mechanisms of change following treatment.
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Bartel K, Scheeren R, Gradisar M. Altering Adolescents' Pre-Bedtime Phone Use to Achieve Better Sleep Health. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2019; 34:456-462. [PMID: 29313721 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2017.1422099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mobile phone use is often blamed for adolescent sleeping difficulties in the popular and scientific literature, with correlations observed between adolescents' mobile phone use and their bedtime. We aimed to obtain experimental evidence to support these causal claims. A within-subjects experiment (baseline, intervention) was conducted in adolescents' homes, to determine the effect of restricting adolescents' pre-bed mobile phone use on school night sleep habits. Following a baseline week, adolescents were given individualized phone stop times, 1 hour before bed for one school week. An online sleep diary was used to monitor bedtime, lights out time, sleep latency and total sleep. Sixty three adolescents (age range 14-18, M = 16.3, SD = 0.93yrs; 17%male) provided data. During one week of phone restriction, adolescents stopped using their phones earlier (80 min, p < .001), turned their lights off earlier (17 min, p = .01), and slept longer (21 min, p = .01). Participant recruitment was low (26%), indicating many adolescents lack motivation to negotiate changes to their evening phone use. Overall, there are potential benefits of restricted mobile phone use during the pre-sleep period, yet, future research is needed to identify non-technological interventions to increase adherence to phone restriction (e.g., motivational interviewing) or otherwise decrease pre-sleep arousal (e.g., cognitive strategies).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bartel
- a School of Psychology , Flinders University
| | - R Scheeren
- b Department of Psychology , Maastricht University
| | - M Gradisar
- a School of Psychology , Flinders University
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25
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Thomée S. Mobile Phone Use and Mental Health. A Review of the Research That Takes a Psychological Perspective on Exposure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2692. [PMID: 30501032 PMCID: PMC6314044 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to carry out a review of observational studies that consider links between mobile phone use and mental health from a psychological or behavioral perspective. Systematic literature searches in PubMed and PsycINFO for articles published until 2017 were done. Exclusion criteria included: papers that considered radiofrequency fields, attention, safety, relational consequences, sexual behavior, cyberbullying, and reviews, qualitative, and case or experimental studies. A total of 4738 papers were screened by title and abstract, 404 were retrieved in full text, and 290 were included. Only 5% had any longitudinal design. Self-reporting was the dominating method of measurement. One third of the studies included children or youth. A majority of adult populations consisted of university students and/or self-selected participants. The main research results included associations between frequent mobile phone use and mental health outcomes, such as depressive symptoms and sleep problems. Mobile phone use at bedtime was associated with, e.g., shorter sleep duration and lower sleep quality. "Problematic use" (dependency) was associated with several negative outcomes. In conclusion, associations between mobile phone use and adverse mental health outcomes are found in studies that take a psychological or behavioral perspective on the exposure. However, more studies of high quality are needed in order to draw valid conclusions about the mechanisms and causal directions of associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Thomée
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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26
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Nouveaux médias sociaux, nouveaux comportements de sommeil chez les adolescents. Encephale 2018; 44:321-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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Exelmans L, Gradisar M, Van den Bulck J. Sleep latency versus shuteye latency: Prevalence, predictors and relation to insomnia symptoms in a representative sample of adults. J Sleep Res 2018; 27:e12737. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan Van den Bulck
- Department of Communication Studies; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan
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28
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Shen L, van Schie J, Ditchburn G, Brook L, Bei B. Positive and Negative Emotions: Differential Associations with Sleep Duration and Quality in Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:2584-2595. [PMID: 30039509 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite positive and negative emotions being equally important predictors of adolescent wellbeing, research examining positive emotions is limited. In 4582 adolescents (69.4% females; age M ± SD = 14.55 ± 1.74 years), we used structural equation modelling to examine associations between self-reported sleep duration and quality with positive affect, negative affect, and happiness, controlling for age and sex. Overall, sleep quality displayed stronger associations with all measures of emotions compared to sleep duration. Shorter sleep was more specifically associated with lower positive emotions (happiness, followed by positive affect), whereas poorer sleep showed stronger associations with negative affect. Protecting sleep duration may promote positive emotions and enhancing sleep quality may reduce mood disturbances. Future research could incorporate both positive and negative emotions to better understand adolescents' wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shen
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | | | - Graeme Ditchburn
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Libby Brook
- People Diagnostix, Bentley, WA, Australia.,School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Bei Bei
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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29
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Landi N, Malins JG, Frost SJ, Magnuson JS, Molfese P, Ryherd K, Rueckl JG, Mencl WE, Pugh KR. Neural representations for newly learned words are modulated by overnight consolidation, reading skill, and age. Neuropsychologia 2018; 111:133-144. [PMID: 29366948 PMCID: PMC5866766 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Word learning depends not only on efficient online binding of phonological, orthographic and lexical information, but also on consolidation of new word representations into permanent lexical memory. Work on word learning under a variety of contexts indicates that reading and language skill impact facility of word learning in both print and speech. In addition, recent research finds that individuals with language impairments show deficits in both initial word form learning and in maintaining newly learned representations over time, implicating mechanisms associated with maintenance that may be driven by deficits in overnight consolidation. Although several recent studies have explored the neural bases of overnight consolidation of newly learned words, no extant work has examined individual differences in overnight consolidation at the neural level. The current study addresses this gap in the literature by investigating how individual differences in reading and language skills modulate patterns of neural activation associated with newly learned words following a period of overnight consolidation. Specifically, a community sample of adolescents and young adults with significant variability in reading and oral language (vocabulary) ability were trained on two spoken artificial lexicons, one in the evening on the day before fMRI scanning and one in the morning just prior to scanning. Comparisons of activation between words that were trained and consolidated vs. those that were trained but not consolidated revealed increased cortical activation in a number of language associated and memory associated regions. In addition, individual differences in age, reading skill and vocabulary modulated learning rate in our artificial lexicon learning task and the size of the cortical consolidation effect in the precuneus/posterior cingulate, such that older readers and more skilled readers had larger cortical consolidation effects in this learning-critical region. These findings suggest that age (even into late adolescence) and reading and language skills are important individual differences that affect overnight consolidation of newly learned words. These findings have significant implications for understanding reading and language disorders and should inform pedagogical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Landi
- University of Connecticut & Haskins Laboratories, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | - Kayleigh Ryherd
- University of Connecticut & Haskins Laboratories, United States
| | - Jay G Rueckl
- University of Connecticut & Haskins Laboratories, United States
| | | | - Kenneth R Pugh
- University of Connecticut & Haskins Laboratories, United States
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30
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Bartel K, Huang C, Maddock B, Williamson P, Gradisar M. Brief school-based interventions to assist adolescents’ sleep-onset latency: Comparing mindfulness and constructive worry versus controls. J Sleep Res 2018; 27:e12668. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Bartel
- School of Psychology; Flinders University; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Chao Huang
- School of Psychology; Flinders University; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Ben Maddock
- School of Psychology; Flinders University; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Paul Williamson
- School of Psychology; Flinders University; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Michael Gradisar
- School of Psychology; Flinders University; Adelaide SA Australia
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31
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Kim SY, Kim MS, Park B, Kim JH, Choi HG. Lack of sleep is associated with internet use for leisure. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191713. [PMID: 29360882 PMCID: PMC5779686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have suggested that excessive internet use may cause lack of sleep. However, recent studies have hypothesized that lack of sleep may instigate internet use for leisure. To elucidate the potential effects of sleep time on internet use, we explored the different associations between sleep time and internet use according to its purpose. METHODS The population-based, cross-sectional study group from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS) collected data from 57,425 middle school students in 2014 and 2015. Sleep time over the past 7 days was classified into the following groups: < 7 h (6 h); ≥ 7 h, < 8 h (7 h); ≥ 8 h, < 9 h (8 h); and ≥ 9 h (9+ h). Internet use time per day was separately surveyed for leisure and for study and categorized as follows: 0 h; > 0 h, ≤ 1 h (1 h); > 1 h, ≤ 2 h (2 h); and > 2 h (2+ h) per day. Information on age, sex, region of residence, body mass index (BMI), economic level, parental education level, stress level, school performance level, and sleep satisfaction were retrieved. The relationships between sleep time and internet use time for leisure/study were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression with complex sampling. In the subgroup analysis according to sleep satisfaction (good, normal, and poor), the associations of sleep time with internet use for leisure were analyzed using the same methods. RESULTS Compared to 9+ h of sleep, less sleep was related to a long internet use time (2+ h) for leisure (adjusted odds ratio, AOR [95% confidence interval, CI] of sleep: 8 h = 1.23 [1.14-1.32]; 7 h = 1.42 [1.31-1.54]; and 6 h = 1.56 [1.44-1.70]; P < 0.001). Conversely, a relationship between less sleep and a long internet use time (2+ h) for study was evident only for 6 h of sleep (AOR of sleep: 8 h = 0.84 [0.84-1.04]; 7 h = 1.05 [0.94-1.17]; and 6 h = 1.32 [1.27-1.59]; P < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis according to sleep satisfaction, less sleep was associated with a long internet use time for leisure in all sleep satisfaction groups, although the relationship was more significant in the lower sleep satisfaction group. CONCLUSION Less sleep was significantly related to long-term use of the internet for leisure, whereas this association was not definite for internet use for study. Furthermore, poor sleep quality potentiated the relationship between less sleep time and internet use for leisure.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Min-Su Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Bumjung Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
- * E-mail:
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32
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Patte KA, Qian W, Leatherdale ST. Modifiable predictors of insufficient sleep durations: A longitudinal analysis of youth in the COMPASS study. Prev Med 2018; 106:164-170. [PMID: 29109016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to simultaneously examine commonly proposed risk and protective factors for sleep deprivation over time among a large cohort of Ontario and Alberta secondary school students. Using 4-year linked longitudinal data from youth in years 1 through 4 (Y1[2012/2013], Y2[2013/2014], Y3[2014/2015], Y4[2015/2016]) of the COMPASS study (n=26,205), the likelihood of students meeting contemporary sleep recommendations was tested based on their self-reported substance use, bullying victimization, physical activity, and homework and screen time. Models controlled for the effect of student-reported gender, race/ethnicity, grade, school clustering, and all other predictor variables. Relative to baseline, students became less likely to meet the sleep recommendations if at follow-up they had initiated binge drinking, experienced cyber bullying victimization, or were spending more time doing homework, with other factors held constant. The likelihood of reporting sufficient sleep increased if students had begun engaging in resistance training at least three times a week. No longitudinal effect was observed when students increased their caffeine consumption (energy drinks, coffee/tea), initiated cannabis or tobacco use, experienced other forms of bullying victimization (physical, verbal, or belongings), engaged in more moderate-vigorous physical activity, or increased their screen use of any type. Few of the commonly purported modifiable risk and protective factors for youth sleep deprivation held in multinomial longitudinal analyses. Causal conclusions appear premature, with further research required to confirm the targets likely to be most effective in assisting more youth in meeting the sleep recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, Niagara Region, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Wei Qian
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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