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van Andel E, Vogel SWN, Bijlenga D, Kalsbeek A, Beekman ATF, Kooij JJS. Effects of Chronotherapeutic Interventions in Adults With ADHD and Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS) on Regulation of Appetite and Glucose Metabolism. J Atten Disord 2024:10870547241285160. [PMID: 39318134 DOI: 10.1177/10870547241285160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Background: ADHD is highly comorbid with Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS). Both are associated with obesity and diabetes, which can be caused by long-term dysregulations of appetite and glucose metabolism. This study explores hormones involved in these processes and the effects of chronotherapeutic interventions in a small sample of adults with ADHD and DSPS. Methods: Exploratory, secondary analysis of data from the PhASE study, a three-armed randomized clinical trial, are presented, including 37 adults (18-53 years) with ADHD and DSPS receiving three weeks of 0.5 mg/day (1) placebo, (2) melatonin, or (3) melatonin plus 30 minutes of bright light therapy (BLT). Leptin (appetite-suppressing), ghrelin (appetite-stimulating), insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and glucose were measured from blood collected at 08:00 hours. Salivary cortisol was collected during the first 30 minutes after awakening and self-reported appetite was assessed. Results: Baseline leptin and IGF-1 levels were higher than reference ranges, and ghrelin and cortisol levels were lower, while insulin and glucose were normal. Melatonin treatment decreased leptin and insulin. Other outcomes remained unchanged and melatonin + BLT had no effects. Conclusion: Due to the small sample size and exploratory nature of the study, results should be interpreted with caution. Overall, these results show no strong indications for dysregulation of appetite and glucose metabolism to suggest high risk of obesity and diabetes in this small sample of adults with ADHD and DSPS. However, baseline appetite was suppressed, likely because measurements took place in the early morning which could be considered the biological night for this study population. Melatonin treatment seemed to cause subtle changes in appetite-regulating hormones suggesting increased appetite. Chronotherapeutic treatment may affect appetite-regulating hormones by advancing the biological rhythm and/or altering eating behaviors, but this remains to be investigated in larger samples using detailed food diaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma van Andel
- PsyQ Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan W N Vogel
- PsyQ Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Bijlenga
- PsyQ Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Sleep-Wake Center SEIN, Heemstede, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aartjan T F Beekman
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute, The Netherlands
- GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J Sandra Kooij
- PsyQ Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute, The Netherlands
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Ekiz Erim S, Sert H. The effect of circadian timing program for evening-chronotype individuals with obesity on obesity management and sleep quality: A randomized controlled trial. Sleep Med 2024; 119:58-72. [PMID: 38652930 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to investigate the effect of the circadian timing program (SİZAP) developed for evening-chronotype individuals with obesity on obesity management and sleep quality. METHODS This single-site, randomized controlled trial with an experimental research design was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. It was reported in accordance with the "Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials" (CONSORT) randomized controlled trial guidelines. The study sample consisted of 38 evening-chronotype individuals with first-degree obesity, with 19 individuals in each study group. The intervention group's sleep hygiene training was conducted and their lifestyle changes were ensured through SİZAP. The control group followed their normal daily lifestyle. No intervention was made in terms of the dietary practices of both groups. Study data were collected using the personal information form, the anthropometric measurement form, the Horne and Ostberg Morning and Evening Questionnaire (MEQ), the Impact of weight on quality of life-lite (IWQOL-lite), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the sleep diary, and the data tracked via the website and smart bracelets. RESULTS It was determined that the participants in the SİZAP group had a statistically significant decrease in the anthropometric measurements and daytime sleepiness (p < 0.05). The sleep quality scores and the scores of the bodily functions sub-dimension of the quality of life scale were significantly better in the intervention group than in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION It was found that SİZAP is effective in obesity management in evening-chronotype individuals and increases weight loss success and sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seçil Ekiz Erim
- Deparment of Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye.
| | - Havva Sert
- Deparment of Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Türkiye.
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Huang H, Tian X, Lam BYH, Lu W, Li X, He S, Xu X, Zhang R, Wang R, Li D, Gao Y, Chen N, Wu S, Xu G, Lin K. The validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the biological rhythms interview of assessment in neuropsychiatry in the community: a large Chinese college student population. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1344850. [PMID: 38803676 PMCID: PMC11129656 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1344850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To test the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the biological rhythms interview of assessment in neuropsychiatry (C-BRIAN) in a group of young adults with and without depressive symptoms. Methods Three hundred and seventy-eight university students were recruited as participants. Based on the scores from Center for Epidemiological Survey Depression Scale (CES-D), students were divided into the depressed group and healthy group. Explorative factor analysis was applied to assess the construct validity of the C-BRIAN. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and CES-D were compared with the C-BRIAN to test the convergent validity. The internal consistency of the C-BRIAN was also examined. Results Three factors were extracted (activities, eating patterns, and sleep factors) explaining 63.9% of the total variance. The internal consistencies were very good with a coefficient of 0.94 (overall) and 0.89-0.91 for three factors. The domains of activities, eating patterns, and sleep were moderately correlated with PSQI (r=0.579) and CES-D (r=0.559) (ps<0.01). Conclusion Our findings suggest that C-BRIAN has good validity and reliability which can be used to assess the biological rhythm in the young adult population with depressive symptoms. C-BRIAN would be a reliable tool to detect depressive symptoms for timely prevention and intervention in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebin Huang
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhe Tian
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bess Yin-Hung Lam
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weicong Lu
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuixiu He
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingjian Xu
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Runhua Wang
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Danpin Li
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanling Gao
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ningning Chen
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyun Wu
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guiyun Xu
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kangguang Lin
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Shinan district, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Jiang J, Chen G, Song X, Lu J, Wang J, Ding F, Ba L, Mei J. Effects of chronotype on sleep, mood and cardiovascular circadian rhythms in rotating night shift medical workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:461-471. [PMID: 38429581 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Whether chronotype affects the health outcomes of night shift work populations is unknown. This study aimed to assess the influence of different chronotypes in the rotating night shift population on sleep status, mood, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate variability (HRV), as well as the circadian rhythm of BP and HRV. METHODS A total of 208 rotating night shift workers were included. All participants completed structured questionnaires to assess chronotype, mood and sleep status. During their daily lives outside of the night shift, they underwent 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram monitoring and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Day-time and night-time BP and BP dipping were obtained. Day-time and night-time HRV values (SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF, LF nu, SD1, SD2 and SD2/SD1) were calculated and fitted to the cosine period curve. Three circandian parameters (mesor, amplitude and acrophase) were extracted to quantify the circadian rhythm of the HRV indices. RESULTS Among all three groups, E-type showed more fatigue and sleepiness. In addition, E-type showed blunted diastolic BP dipping. Notably, E-type showed association with higher RMSSD, LF, HF and SD1 in the night time, and higher mesors of RMSSD and LF and amplitude of SD2/SD1 in circadian analysis. CONCLUSION Chronotype is a factor affecting fatigue, sleepiness and cardiovascular circadian rhythms of rotating night shift workers. Chronotype should be taken into consideration for managing night-shift rotation to promote occupational health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Chen
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Song
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Lu
- Electrocardiogram Unit, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengfei Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ba
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junhua Mei
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
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Mascaro L, Leota J, Hoffman D, Rajaratnam SMW, Drummond SPA, Facer-Childs ER. Disruptions to sleep and circadian rhythms are associated with poorer athlete mental health in female, but not male, elite Australian Rules footballers. J Sleep Res 2024:e14186. [PMID: 38471498 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Elite athletes are vulnerable to sleep and circadian disruption and associated mental health symptoms. This study aimed to investigate sex differences in sleep, circadian rhythms, and mental health, as well as the moderating role of sex in the prediction of mental health, among male professional and female semi-professional elite athletes. Participants were 87 elite Australian Rules football (ARF) athletes (43% female; mean [standard deviation] age 24.0 [4.1] years). Participants completed baseline questionnaires, 2 weeks of sleep/wake monitoring via actigraphy, and a circadian phase assessment (dim-light melatonin onset [DLMO]). Cross-sectional data were collected in training-only Australian Football League (AFL) Men's and Women's pre-season periods, with 53 providing data in two pre-seasons. Female athletes, relative to males, reported poorer mental health (a higher athlete psychological strain score), had a later mid-sleep time (by 28 min), reported a greater preference towards eveningness, and displayed a later circadian phase (by 33 min). For female athletes, lower sleep efficiency and lower sleep regularity were associated with poorer mental health. For female athletes, there were U-shaped relationships between both morningness-eveningness and phase angle (interval between sleep onset and DLMO time) and mental health. No significant relationships were found for male athletes. In summary, elite female ARF athletes reported poorer mental health, relative to males, especially when experiencing sleep or circadian disruption. Lifestyle factors associated with sex differences in ARF professionalism (scheduling, finances, supports) may contribute to these findings. Programmes to improve sleep, circadian alignment, and mental health among female semi-professional elite athletes should be strongly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Mascaro
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Josh Leota
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoffman
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shantha M W Rajaratnam
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sean P A Drummond
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elise R Facer-Childs
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Palmero LB, Tortajada M, Martínez-Pérez V, Sandoval-Lentisco A, Campoy G, Fuentes LJ. Circadian modulation of the time course of automatic and controlled semantic processing. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:378-392. [PMID: 38317372 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2312806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
We investigated whether chronotype and time-of-day modulate the time course of automatic and controlled semantic processing. Participants performed a category semantic priming task at either the optimal or non-optimal time of day. We varied the prime-target onset asynchrony (100-, 450-, 650-, and 850-ms SOAs) and kept the percentage of unrelated targets constant at 80%. Automatic processing was expected with the short SOA, and controlled processing with longer SOAs. Intermediate-types (Experiment 1) verified that our task was sensitive to capturing both types of processes and served as a reference to assess themin extreme chronotypes. Morning-type and evening-type participants (Experiment 2) differed in the influence of time of testing on priming effects. Morning-types applied control in all conditions, and no performance modulation by time-of-day was observed. In contrast, evening-types were most adversely affected by the time of day to shift from automatic-based to controlled-based responses. Also, they were considerably affected in successfully implementing controlled processing with long intervals, particularly at the non-optimal time of day, with inhibitory priming showing only a marginally significant effect at the longest SOA. These results suggest that extreme chronotypes may be associated with different styles of cognitive control. Morning-types would be driven by a proactive control style, whereas a reactive control style might be applied by evening-types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía B Palmero
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miriam Tortajada
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Víctor Martínez-Pérez
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo Campoy
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis J Fuentes
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Naveed M, Chao OY, Hill JW, Yang YM, Huston JP, Cao R. Circadian neurogenetics and its implications in neurophysiology, behavior, and chronomedicine. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105523. [PMID: 38142983 PMCID: PMC10872425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm affects multiple physiological processes, and disruption of the circadian system can be involved in a range of disease-related pathways. The genetic underpinnings of the circadian rhythm have been well-studied in model organisms. Significant progress has been made in understanding how clock genes affect the physiological functions of the nervous system. In addition, circadian timing is becoming a key factor in improving drug efficacy and reducing drug toxicity. The circadian biology of the target cell determines how the organ responds to the drug at a specific time of day, thus regulating pharmacodynamics. The current review brings together recent advances that have begun to unravel the molecular mechanisms of how the circadian clock affects neurophysiological and behavioral processes associated with human brain diseases. We start with a brief description of how the ubiquitous circadian rhythms are regulated at the genetic, cellular, and neural circuit levels, based on knowledge derived from extensive research on model organisms. We then summarize the latest findings from genetic studies of human brain disorders, focusing on the role of human clock gene variants in these diseases. Lastly, we discuss the impact of common dietary factors and medications on human circadian rhythms and advocate for a broader application of the concept of chronomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Owen Y Chao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Jennifer W Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Yi-Mei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruifeng Cao
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Neurology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Dan R, Li J, Zhao K, Yang Z, Dong Y, Fan P, Cheng Q, Wang J, Xiong X. The association between chronotype profile and temporomandibular disorders among college students. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38191959 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are common in young adults, and the link between chronotype profile and TMDs is unclear. OBJECTIVE This study examined TMD prevalence and chronotype distribution and explored the relationship between chronotype and TMDs in young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 663 students from Sichuan University completed questionnaires. Chronotype profiles were assessed using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, and TMDs were screened using the Fonseca Memory Index. To validate the findings, 68 TMD patients and 136 controls were enrolled. RESULTS The prevalence of TMDs was 69.7%, with significant differences among chronotype profiles. The intermediate profile was the most common chronotype. Eveningness profile was associated with higher TMDs prevalence and severity. Muscle pain and side movement difficulty scores were higher in eveningness and intermediate profiles. Female gender (OR 2.345; 95% CI 1.668-3.297) was a TMD risk factor, while morningness profile (OR 0.537; 95% CI 0.297-0.970) was protective. Validation with TMD patients and controls supported these findings, showing higher eveningness profile prevalence in the TMD groups. CONCLUSIONS TMDs have a high prevalence in college students, chronotype profiles shown to be associated with TMDs. Morningness is the protection factor in TMDs and PT, eveningness is a risk factor for IT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichen Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaheng Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kangning Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zijiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanhua Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peidi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiaoyu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Erren TC, Morfeld P. Circadian epidemiology: Structuring circadian causes of disease and practical implications. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:38-52. [PMID: 38047448 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2288219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
That disruptions of the body's internal clockwork can lead to negative health consequences, including cancer, is a plausible hypothesis. Yet, despite strong mechanistic and animal support, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) experts considered epidemiological evidence as limited regarding the carcinogenicity of "shift-work involving circadian disruption" (2007) and "night shift work" (2019). We use directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to outline a concept of circadian causes that discloses challenges when choosing appropriate exposure variables. On this basis, we propose to move beyond shift-work alone as a direct cause of disease. Instead, quantifying chronodisruption as individual doses can lead to interpretable circadian epidemiology. The hypothesis is that doses of chronodisruption cause disrupted circadian organisation by leading to desynchronization of circadian rhythms. Chronodisruption can be conceptualized as the split physiological nexus of internal and external times. Biological (or internal) night - an individual's intrinsically favoured sleep time window - could be the backbone of circadian epidemiology. In practice, individual doses that cause disrupted circadian organisation are derived from the intersection of time intervals of being awake and an individual's biological night. After numerous studies counted work shifts, chronobiology may now advance circadian epidemiology with more specific dose estimation - albeit with greater challenges in measurement (time-dependent individual data) and analysis (time-dependent confounding).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Erren
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Peter Morfeld
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
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Chen Y, Hu Y, Li R, Kang W, Zhao A, Lu R, Yin Y, Tong S, Yuan J, Li S. Association of residential greenness with chronotype among children. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166011. [PMID: 37541519 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between residential greenness and chronotype remains unclear, especially among children. The current study aimed to explore the associations between residential greenness and chronotype parameters in children and examine potential pathways for these associations. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 16,421 children ages 3-12 were included. Two satellite-derived vegetation indices, i.e., the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), were used to estimate residential greenness. The mid-sleep point on a workday (MSW) and the mid-sleep point on free days (MSF) were considered. And mid-sleep time on free days adjusted for sleep debt (MSFsc) was used as an indicator of chronotype. In addition to multivariable linear regression models, subgroup analyses were conducted to explore effect modifiers, and mediation analyses were used to explore possible mediating mechanisms of air pollutants underlying the associations. RESULTS An interquartile range (IQR) increase in both NDVI500-m and EVI500-m was significantly associated with an earlier MSFsc of -0.061 (95 % confidence interval (CI): -0.072, -0.049) and -0.054 (95 % CI: -0.066, -0.042), respectively. Non-linear dose response relationships were discovered between greenness indices and MSFsc and MSF. The results of stratified analyses showed the effect of residential greenness on MSW was stronger among primary school children and individuals with higher household income than among kindergarten children and those with lower household income. The joint mediation effects of PM2.5, PM1, PM10, NO2, and SO2 on the associations of NDVI500-m and EVI500-m with MSFsc were 89.6 % and 76.0 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of residential greenness may have beneficial effects on an earlier chronotype in the child population, by reducing the effects of air pollutants, especially PM2.5. Our research hopes to promote the deployment of green infrastructure and healthy urban design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yabin Hu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Kang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anda Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoyu Lu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Yin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shilu Tong
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Jiajun Yuan
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shenghui Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Butler T, Maidstone JR, Rutter KM, McLaughlin TJ, Ray WD, Gibbs EJ. The Associations of Chronotype and Shift Work With Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Biol Rhythms 2023; 38:510-518. [PMID: 37382359 PMCID: PMC10475206 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231179595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates multiple aspects of human physiology including immunity. People have a circadian preference termed chronotype. Those with an evening preference may be better suited to shift work, but also carry higher risk of adverse health. Shift work leads to misalignment of circadian rhythms and is associated with increased risk of inflammatory disease such as asthma and cancer. Here, we investigate the association between chronotype, shift work, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The associations between exposures of shift work and chronotype on risk of RA were studied in up to 444,210 U.K. Biobank participants. Multivariable logistic regression models were adjusted for covariates: age, sex, ethnicity, alcohol intake, smoking history, Townsend Deprivation Index (TDI), sleep duration, length of working week, and body mass index (BMI). After adjusting for covariates, individuals with a morning chronotype had lower odds of having rheumatoid arthritis (RA; odds ratio [OR]: 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88-0.99) when compared to intermediate chronotypes. The association between morning chronotype and RA persisted with a more stringent RA case definition (covariate-adjusted OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81-0.97). When adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and TDI, shift workers had higher odds of RA (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.1-1.36) compared to day workers that attenuated to the null after further covariate adjustment (OR: 1.1, 95% CI: 0.98-1.22). Morning chronotypes working permanent night shifts had significantly higher odds of RA compared to day workers (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.19-2.99). These data point to a role for circadian rhythms in RA pathogenesis. Further studies are required to determine the mechanisms underlying this association and understand the potential impact of shift work on chronic inflammatory disease and its mediating factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Butler
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J Robert Maidstone
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - K Martin Rutter
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - T John McLaughlin
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - W David Ray
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E Julie Gibbs
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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12
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Wong TR, Hickie IB, Carpenter JS, Scott EM, Guastella AJ, Vidafar P, Scott J, Hermens DF, Crouse JJ. Dynamic modelling of chronotype and hypo/manic and depressive symptoms in young people with emerging mental disorders. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:699-709. [PMID: 37132360 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2203241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
There is significant interest in the possible influence of chronotype on clinical states in young people with emerging mental disorders. We apply a dynamic approach (bivariate latent change score modelling) to examine the possible prospective influence of chronotype on depressive and hypo/manic symptoms in a youth cohort with predominantly depressive, bipolar, and psychotic disorders (N = 118; 14-30-years), who completed a baseline and follow-up assessment of these constructs (mean interval = 1.8-years). Our primary hypotheses were that greater baseline eveningness would predict increases in depressive but not hypo/manic symptoms. We found moderate to strong autoregressive effects for chronotype (β = -0.447 to -0.448, p < 0.001), depressive (β = -0.650, p < 0.001) and hypo/manic symptoms (β = -0.819, p < 0.001). Against our predictions, baseline chronotypes did not predict change in depressive (β = -0.016, p = 0.810) or hypo/manic symptoms (β = 0.077, p = 0.104). Similarly, the change in chronotype did not correlate with the change in depressive symptoms (β = -0.096, p = 0.295) nor did the change in chronotype and the change in hypo/manic symptoms (β = -0.166, p = 0.070). These data suggest that chronotypes may have low utility for predicting future hypo/manic and depressive symptoms in the short term, or that more frequent assessments over longer periods are needed to observe these associations. Future studies should test whether other circadian phenotypes (e.g. sleep-wake variability) are better indicators of illness course.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Jan Scott
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Australia
- Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, UK
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
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13
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Nitta L, Tahara Y, Shinto T, Makino S, Kuwahara M, Tada A, Abe N, Michie M, Shibata S. Association of Eating Pattern, Chronotype, and Social Jetlag: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Data Accumulated in a Japanese Food-Logging Mobile Health Application. Nutrients 2023; 15:2165. [PMID: 37432273 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronotype (morningness-eveningness) and social jetlag (SJL; discrepancy in the sleep pattern between the weekday and weekend) are related to eating behavior and health. The association between sleep behavior and the daily macro- and micronutrient eating pattern of each meal (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) have not been discussed well and need more evidence. Here, meal pattern datasets of Japanese participants aged 20-59 years were obtained as averages over 1 month from the data stored in the food-logging app "Asken". We allocated three groups for each chronotype and SJL. Multiple regression analyses revealed that morning chronotype and small SJL were associated with higher total daily intake of potassium, fiber, magnesium, phosphorus, and vitamin K. Breakfast energy intake and consumption of nutrients, including protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and minerals, were higher in the morning chronotype or small SJL. Lunch intake of potassium, cholesterol, fiber, magnesium, and vitamin K was also higher in the morning chronotype or small SJL. Dinner energy intake and nutrient intake of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, sodium, and saturated fatty acids were lower in the morning chronotype or small SJL. The current data would help to establish a detailed reference for dietary intake which considers eating patterns over a day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyie Nitta
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-0056, Japan
| | - Yu Tahara
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-0056, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan
| | - Takae Shinto
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-0056, Japan
| | - Saneyuki Makino
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-0056, Japan
| | - Mai Kuwahara
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-0056, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-0056, Japan
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14
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Mascaro L, Drummond SPA, Leota J, Boardman JM, Hoffman D, Rajaratnam SMW, Aidman E, Facer-Childs ER. Cognitive fitness modulates gender differences in sleep and mental health among competitive athletes under chronic stress. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1118822. [PMID: 36969596 PMCID: PMC10031072 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1118822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Mental fitness is increasingly considered a key component of an athlete’s competitive arsenal. Active domains of mental fitness include cognitive fitness, sleep, and mental health; and these domains can differ between men and women athletes. Our study investigated the associations of cognitive fitness and gender to sleep and mental health, and the interaction between cognitive fitness and gender on sleep and mental health, in competitive athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: 82 athletes competing at levels from regional/state to international (49% women, M-age = 23.3 years) completed measures of self-control, intolerance of uncertainty, and impulsivity (together representing constructs of cognitive fitness), items about sleep (total sleep time, sleep latency, and mid-sleep time on free days) and a measure of mental health (depression, anxiety, and stress).Results: Women athletes reported lower self-control, higher intolerance of uncertainty, and higher positive urgency impulsivity compared with men athletes. Women reported sleeping later, but this gender difference disappeared after controlling for cognitive fitness. Women athletes—after controlling for cognitive fitness—reported higher depression, anxiety, and stress. Across genders, higher self-control was associated with lower depression, and lower intolerance of uncertainty was associated with lower anxiety. Higher sensation seeking was associated with lower depression and stress, and higher premeditation was associated with greater total sleep time and anxiety. Higher perseverance was associated with higher depression for men—but not women—athletes.Conclusion: Women athletes in our sample reported poorer cognitive fitness and mental health compared to men athletes. Most cognitive fitness factors protected competitive athletes under chronic stress, but some exposed them to poorer mental health. Future work should examine the sources of gender differences. Our findings suggest a need to develop tailored interventions aimed at improving athlete wellbeing, with a particular focus on women athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Mascaro
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sean P. A. Drummond
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Josh Leota
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Johanna M. Boardman
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoffman
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- St Kilda Football Club, Australian Football League, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shantha M. W. Rajaratnam
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eugene Aidman
- Defence Science & Technology Group, Edinburgh, SA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Elise R. Facer-Childs
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- St Kilda Football Club, Australian Football League, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Danny Frawley Centre for Health and Wellbeing, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Elise R. Facer-Childs,
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15
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Moderating effects of PER3 gene DNA methylation on the association of sleep quality with mental health in Chinese young adults. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:716-722. [PMID: 36528137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor sleepers have a higher prevalence of mental health problems, and vice versa. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unknown. We aimed to examine the bidirectional association between sleep quality and mental health, and further explore the moderating effects of PER3 gene DNA methylation on the association. METHODS This prospective longitudinal study was conducted from April 2019 to May 2021, integrated questionnaire and blood sample data from 2 universities in Anhui and Jiangxi Provinces. The current study recruited 1179 young adults at baseline and conducted the follow-up survey among 1135 half a year later. The sleep quality and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and stress symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire at baseline and follow-up. Blood samples were collected at baseline, and MethyTarget™ was used to detect the PER3 gene DNA methylation level. A cross-lag model was used to examine the bidirectional association between sleep quality and mental health. The PROCESS plug-in of SPSS software was used to analyse the moderating effects of PER3 gene DNA methylation. RESULTS Cross-lagged analyses suggested a significant bidirectional relationship between poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and stress symptoms. Sleep quality at baseline was a significant predictor of depressive symptoms (β = 0.344, P < 0.001), anxiety symptoms (β = 0.348, P < 0.001), and stress symptoms (β = 0.324, P < 0.001) half a year later. Depressive symptoms (β = 0.049, P < 0.001), anxiety symptoms (β = 0.055, P < 0.001), and stress symptoms (β = 0.063, P < 0.001) at baseline were also significant predictors of poor sleep quality half a year later. Furthermore, PER3 gene DNA methylation has negative moderating effects between sleep quality at baseline and depressive symptoms (β = -11.706, P = 0.012), anxiety symptoms (β = -10.289, P = 0.019), and stress symptoms (β = -10.799, P = 0.024) half a year later and a sex difference. Among boys, PER3 gene DNA methylation has positive moderating effects between anxiety symptoms at baseline and sleep quality (β = 3.337, P = 0.018) half a year later. However, there was no association between mental health at baseline and sleep quality half a year later among girls. CONCLUSION Bidirectional relationships were identified between sleep quality and mental health among Chinese young adults during the study period. DNA methylation evidence supports a negative moderating effect of PER3 gene DNA methylation on the relationship between sleep quality at baseline and mental health half a year later and had sex differences. Among boys, PER3 gene DNA methylation had positive moderating effects between anxiety symptoms at baseline and sleep quality half a year later. These findings point to the importance of circadian clock gene DNA methylation in the relationship between sleep quality and mental health.
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16
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Dose B, Yalçin M, Dries SPM, Relógio A. TimeTeller for timing health: The potential of circadian medicine to improve performance, prevent disease and optimize treatment. Front Digit Health 2023; 5:1157654. [PMID: 37153516 PMCID: PMC10155816 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2023.1157654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian medicine, the study of the effects of time on health and disease has seen an uprising in recent years as a means to enhance health and performance, and optimize treatment timing. Our endogenous time generating system -the circadian clock- regulates behavioural, physiological and cellular processes. Disruptions of the clock, via external factors like shift work or jet lag, or internal perturbations such as genetic alterations, are linked to an increased risk of various diseases like obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. By aligning an individual's circadian clock with optimal times for performing daily routines, physical and mental performance, and also the effectiveness of certain therapies can be improved. Despite the benefits of circadian medicine, the lack of non-invasive tools for characterizing the clock limits the potential of the field. TimeTeller is a non-invasive molecular/digital tool for the characterization of circadian rhythms and prediction of daily routines, including treatment timing, to unlock the potential of circadian medicine and implementing it in various settings. Given the multiple known and potentially yet unknown dependent health factors of individual circadian rhythms, the utility of this emerging biomarker is best exploited in data driven, personalized medicine use cases, using health information across lifestyle, care, and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Müge Yalçin
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Angela Relógio
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: Angela Relógio
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17
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Lane JM, Qian J, Mignot E, Redline S, Scheer FAJL, Saxena R. Genetics of circadian rhythms and sleep in human health and disease. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:4-20. [PMID: 36028773 PMCID: PMC10947799 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms and sleep are fundamental biological processes integral to human health. Their disruption is associated with detrimental physiological consequences, including cognitive, metabolic, cardiovascular and immunological dysfunctions. Yet many of the molecular underpinnings of sleep regulation in health and disease have remained elusive. Given the moderate heritability of circadian and sleep traits, genetics offers an opportunity that complements insights from model organism studies to advance our fundamental molecular understanding of human circadian and sleep physiology and linked chronic disease biology. Here, we review recent discoveries of the genetics of circadian and sleep physiology and disorders with a focus on those that reveal causal contributions to complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Lane
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Mignot
- Center for Narcolepsy, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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18
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Moreno CRC, Raad R, Gusmão WDP, Luz CS, Silva VM, Prestes RM, Saraiva SP, Lemos LC, Vasconcelos SP, Nehme PXSA, Louzada FM, Marqueze EC. Are We Ready to Implement Circadian Hygiene Interventions and Programs? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16772. [PMID: 36554651 PMCID: PMC9781949 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Circadian hygiene, a concept not to be confused with the notion of public or social hygiene, should be discussed among experts and society. Light-dark cycles and other possible synchronizers of the human circadian timing system affect ways of life, including sleeping, eating, working and physical activity. Some of these behaviors have also been investigated individually as synchronizers (e.g., eating times). Therefore, the knowledge held today about circadian rhythms, and their implications for health, allows future perspectives in this field to be mapped. The present article summarizes the latest knowledge on factors influencing circadian rhythms to discuss a perspective for the future of health promotion based on circadian hygiene. However, it is important to highlight that circadian hygiene is the product of an imbrication of individual and societal involvement. First, it is important to adopt practices and devise public health policies in line with circadian hygiene. Second, individual healthy habits require internal rhythms to be examined. Last, the research agenda on circadian hygiene can be developed on a public as well as individual level, raising the question as to how much society is willing to embrace this change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia R. C. Moreno
- Department of Health, Life Cycles and Society, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rose Raad
- Department of Technology of Architecture, School of Architecture and Urbanism, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-080, Brazil
| | - Waléria D. P. Gusmão
- Department of Health, Life Cycles and Society, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Cristina S. Luz
- Department of Health, Life Cycles and Society, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Victor M. Silva
- Department of Health, Life Cycles and Society, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Renilda M. Prestes
- Department of Health, Life Cycles and Society, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Susy P. Saraiva
- Department of Health, Life Cycles and Society, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Lucia C. Lemos
- Department of Health, Life Cycles and Society, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Suleima P. Vasconcelos
- Public Health Graduate Program, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco 69920-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia X. S. A. Nehme
- Department of Health, Life Cycles and Society, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Fernando M. Louzada
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Elaine C. Marqueze
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health Graduate Program, Catholic University of Santos, Santos 11015-001, Brazil
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19
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Rusu A, Ciobanu DM, Inceu G, Craciun AE, Fodor A, Roman G, Bala CG. Variability in Sleep Timing and Dietary Intake: A Scoping Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245248. [PMID: 36558406 PMCID: PMC9782032 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this scoping review was to summarize previous studies which examined the effect of day-to-day variability in sleep timing and social jetlag (SJL) on dietary intake. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Clarivate Analytics Web of Science and we identified 22 records. No difference in caloric and macronutrient intake between SJL groups was observed in studies that enrolled healthy young adults. However, studies that enrolled participants with obesity and obesity-related chronic conditions reported a higher caloric intake and a higher intake of carbohydrates, total fat, saturated fats, and cholesterol in participants with SJL than in those without. Most studies reported a lower quality of diet, a delayed mealtime, and eating jetlag in participants with SJL vs. those without SJL. No correlation of day-to-day variability in sleep timing with average caloric intake was observed, but bed-time variability was negatively associated with diet quality. Methodological issues have been identified in sources assessed including study design, power calculation, population enrolled, and tools/metrics used for sleep timing variability assessment. Future well powered longitudinal studies, with clear protocols, standardized metrics, including all age groups from general population are needed to clarify the dietary intake consequences of variability in sleep timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Rusu
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Diabetes Center, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Mihaela Ciobanu
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Diabetes Center, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Georgeta Inceu
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Diabetes Center, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca-Elena Craciun
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Diabetes Center, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Fodor
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Diabetes Center, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela Roman
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Diabetes Center, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornelia Gabriela Bala
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Diabetes Center, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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20
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Cox RC, Olatunji BO. Delayed circadian rhythms and insomnia symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Affect Disord 2022; 318:94-102. [PMID: 36057288 PMCID: PMC10201922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence implicates sleep and circadian rhythm disturbance in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, a multimethod characterization of sleep and circadian rhythms in OCD, their association with symptom severity, and the functional relationship between these variables is lacking. METHODS The present study measured multiple indicators of sleep and circadian rhythms in a sample of adults with OCD, adults without OCD, and healthy controls (n = 74). Participants completed measures of morningness-eveningness, delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD), insomnia symptoms, and OCD symptoms, as well as one week of sleep monitoring via a sleep diary and actigraphy. RESULTS Delayed circadian rhythms (higher eveningness, later mid-sleep timing, and higher rates of DSWPD) and higher insomnia symptoms were observed in those with OCD compared to healthy controls, as well as associations between delayed circadian rhythms and insomnia symptoms and OCD symptom severity across the full sample. Further, insomnia symptoms mediated the relationship between delayed circadian rhythms and OCD symptoms. In contrast, there were no links between total sleep time or sleep quality and OCD. LIMITATIONS Data collection during COVID-19 pandemic, correlational data, no physiological measure of circadian rhythms. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight a robust association between delayed circadian rhythms and OCD and suggest insomnia symptoms may be one mechanism in this relationship. Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbance may be novel targets for OCD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Cox
- Vanderbilt University, United States of America; University of Colorado Boulder, United States of America.
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21
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Seo JY, Yeom JW, Cho CH, Son S, Ahn YM, Kim SJ, Ha TH, Cha B, Moon E, Park DY, Baek JH, Kang HJ, An H, Lee HJ. The relationship between morningness-eveningness and mood symptoms and quality of life in euthymic state of mood disorders: Results from a prospective observational cohort study. J Affect Disord 2022; 316:10-16. [PMID: 35940376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical importance of morningness-eveningness, especially in mood disorders, is prevailing. The differential relation of chronotype with diagnoses of early-onset mood disorders, mood symptoms, anxiety, and quality of life was evaluated. METHODS Early-onset mood disorder patients [n = 419; 146 major depressive disorder (MDD); 123 bipolar I disorder (BDI); 150 bipolar II disorder (BDII)] from the Mood Disorder Cohort Research Consortium were assessed for chronotype using the composite scale for morningness (CSM) and its association with clinical variables obtained during the clinician-verified euthymic state. RESULTS The mean total CSM of BDI was significantly higher than MDD and BDII (p < 0.001). In all types of mood disorders, higher total CSM was associated with lower Quick inventory of depressive symptomatology (p < 0.005) and higher WHO quality of life (p < 0.005). Such negative correlations between the total CSM and Montgomery-Asberg depression rating were significant in MDD and BDI (p < 0.05) and marginally significant in BDII (p = 0.077). CSM was a significant contributor to quality of life in BDI (p < 0.001) and BDII (p = 0.011), but it was not for MDD. LIMITATIONS The defined 'euthymic state' that may not fully reflect the remission of episode; limited generalizability due to clinical characteristic of early-onset mood disorder; the disparity between diurnal preference measured by the CSM and chronotype; possible effects of the last mood episode polarity and medication; and, lack of control group. CONCLUSION Less eveningness was associated with less severe depressive symptoms and better quality of life. This suggests that morningness may reduce residual depressive symptoms and recover function of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yeon Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Yeom
- Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Cho
- Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Serhim Son
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Joo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyon Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Boseok Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonggin An
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Kjørstad K, Vedaa Ø, Pallesen S, Saxvig IW, Hysing M, Sivertsen B. Circadian preference in young adults: Associations with sleep and mental health outcomes from a national survey of Norwegian university students. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1465-1474. [PMID: 36259436 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2121657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Individual preferred timing of sleep and activity patterns, known as circadian preference, ranges from definitely morning types to definitely evening types. Being an evening type has been linked to adverse sleep and mental health outcomes. This study aimed to explore the associations between circadian preference and self-reported sleep, depression, anxiety, quality of life, loneliness, and self-harm/suicidal thoughts. Data stem from a national survey of students in higher education in Norway (the SHoT-study). All 169,572 students in Norway were invited to participate, and 59,554 students (66.5% women) accepted (response rate = 35.1%). Circadian preference was associated with sleep and mental health outcomes in a dose-response manner. For both genders, being an evening type (either definitely evening or more evening than morning) was associated with an increase in age-adjusted relative risk (RR-adjusted; range = 1.44 to 2.52 vs. 1.15 to 1.90, respectively) across all outcomes compared with definitely morning types. Overall, the present study provides further evidence that evening circadian preference is associated with adverse sleep and mental health outcomes in young adults. As such, future efforts to improve sleep and mental health in young adults should consider their circadian preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaia Kjørstad
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øystein Vedaa
- Department of Research and Development, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Optentia, The Vaal Triangle Campus of the North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Ingvild West Saxvig
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Sleep Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Research and Innovation, Helse-Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
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23
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Meyer N, Harvey AG, Lockley SW, Dijk DJ. Circadian rhythms and disorders of the timing of sleep. Lancet 2022; 400:1061-1078. [PMID: 36115370 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00877-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The daily alternation between sleep and wakefulness is one of the most dominant features of our lives and is a manifestation of the intrinsic 24 h rhythmicity underlying almost every aspect of our physiology. Circadian rhythms are generated by networks of molecular oscillators in the brain and peripheral tissues that interact with environmental and behavioural cycles to promote the occurrence of sleep during the environmental night. This alignment is often disturbed, however, by contemporary changes to our living environments, work or social schedules, patterns of light exposure, and biological factors, with consequences not only for sleep timing but also for our physical and mental health. Characterised by undesirable or irregular timing of sleep and wakefulness, in this Series paper we critically examine the existing categories of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders and the role of the circadian system in their development. We emphasise how not all disruption to daily rhythms is driven solely by an underlying circadian disturbance, and take a broader, dimensional approach to explore how circadian rhythms and sleep homoeostasis interact with behavioural and environmental factors. Very few high-quality epidemiological and intervention studies exist, and wider recognition and treatment of sleep timing disorders are currently hindered by a scarcity of accessible and objective tools for quantifying sleep and circadian physiology and environmental variables. We therefore assess emerging wearable technology, transcriptomics, and mathematical modelling approaches that promise to accelerate the integration of our knowledge in sleep and circadian science into improved human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Meyer
- Insomnia and Behavioural Sleep Medicine Clinic, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Allison G Harvey
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Steven W Lockley
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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24
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Romo-Nava F, Guerdjikova AI, Mori NN, Scheer FAJL, Burgess HJ, McNamara RK, Welge JA, Grilo CM, McElroy SL. A matter of time: A systematic scoping review on a potential role of the circadian system in binge eating behavior. Front Nutr 2022; 9:978412. [PMID: 36159463 PMCID: PMC9493346 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.978412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging research suggests that food intake timing, eating behavior and food preference are associated with aspects of the circadian system function but the role that the circadian system may play in binge eating (BE) behavior in humans remains unclear. Objective To systematically evaluate the evidence for circadian system involvement in BE behavior. Methods Systematic searches of PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus were performed for reports published from inception until May 2020 (PROSPERO Registration CRD42020186325). Searches were conducted by combining Medical Subject Headings related to the circadian system, BE behavior, and/or interventions. Observational and interventional studies in humans with BE behavior published in peer-review journals in the English language were included. Studies were assessed using quality and risk of bias tools (AXIS, ROB 2.0, or ROBINS). Results The search produced 660 articles, 51 of which were included in this review. Of these articles, 46 were observational studies and 5 were interventional trials. Evidence from these studies suggests that individuals with BE behavior tend to have more food intake, more binge cravings, and more BE episodes later in the day. Hormonal and day/night locomotor activity rhythm disturbances may be associated with BE behavior. Furthermore, late diurnal preference ("eveningness") was associated with BE behavior and chronobiological interventions that shift the circadian clock earlier (e.g., morning bright light therapy) were found to possibly decrease BE behavior. Substantive clinical overlap exists between BE and night eating behavior. However, there is a significant knowledge gap regarding their potential relationship with the circadian system. Limitations include the lack of studies that use best-established techniques to assess the chronobiology of BE behavior, heterogeneity of participants, diagnostic criteria, and study design, which preclude a meta-analytic approach. Conclusion Current evidence, although limited, suggests that the circadian system may play a role in the etiology of BE behavior. Further mechanistic studies are needed to fully characterize a potential role of the circadian system in BE behavior. A chronobiological approach to studying BE behavior may lead to identification of its neurobiological components and development of novel therapeutic interventions. Systematic review registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020186325], identifier [CRD42020186325].
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Romo-Nava
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Francisco Romo-Nava,
| | - Anna I. Guerdjikova
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Nicole N. Mori
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Frank A. J. L. Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Helen J. Burgess
- Sleep and Circadian Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Robert K. McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Welge
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Carlos M. Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Susan L. McElroy
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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25
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Díaz-Morales JF, Puig-Navarro Y. The psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Morningness-Eveningness Stability Scale improved (MESSi) in adolescents. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1411-1418. [PMID: 36039013 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2115378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to adapt the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability Scale improved (MESSi) to the Spanish adolescent population, testing its factor structure and construct validity. The participants were 725 adolescents (52.9% girls; M = 14.8, SD = 1.99) who completed the MESSi, the Morningness Eveningness Scale of Children (MESC), questions about sleep habits adapted from the School Sleep Habits Survey, and self-reported academic performance. The psychometric results support a three-factor model with the factors of morning affect, eveningness, and distinctness, which show good internal consistency. The pattern of correlations between MESSi and the other measures was in the expected direction. The MESC correlated positively with morning affect and negatively with eveningness, whereas distinctness was uncorrelated. Boys reported higher morningness, whereas girls reported higher distinctness. Eveningness was negatively related to academic performance. Overall, the results support the validity and reliability of the Spanish adolescent version of the MESSi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Díaz-Morales
- Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid Social PsychologySpain
| | - Yaiza Puig-Navarro
- Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid Social PsychologySpain
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26
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Roshanmehr F, Hayashi K, Tahara Y, Suiko T, Nagamori Y, Iwai T, Shibata S. Association between Breakfast Meal Categories and Timing of Physical Activity of Japanese Workers. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172609. [PMID: 36076795 PMCID: PMC9455950 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breakfast is the most important meal of the day and has been associated with longevity. Regular breakfast consumers often have a healthy lifestyle, including a healthy diet and regular physical activity. Methods: We examined the association between breakfast type, chronotype (morningness-eveningness), and physical activity in 3395 Japanese workers using a cross-sectional web survey. Results: Participants who ate Japanese breakfasts showed an early chronotype, while those who ate breakfast cereal exhibited a later chronotype. Physical activity was positively associated with adopting a Japanese breakfast style. Japanese breakfast eaters performed physical activities from 6:00–9:00 compared with other breakfast eaters. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that eating a Japanese breakfast is associated with an earlier chronotype (morningness) and higher physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Roshanmehr
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Katsuki Hayashi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Yu Tahara
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Takahiko Suiko
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Edogawa, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagamori
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Edogawa, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Takao Iwai
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Edogawa, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5369-7318
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27
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Zou H, Zhou H, Yan R, Yao Z, Lu Q. Chronotype, circadian rhythm, and psychiatric disorders: Recent evidence and potential mechanisms. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:811771. [PMID: 36033630 PMCID: PMC9399511 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.811771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is crucial for physiological and behavioral functions. Chronotype, which represents individual preferences for activity and performance, is associated with human health issues, particularly psychiatric disorders. This narrative review, which focuses on the relationship between chronotype and mental disorders, provides an insight into the potential mechanism. Recent evidence indicates that (1) the evening chronotype is a risk factor for depressive disorders and substance use disorders, whereas the morning chronotype is a protective factor. (2) Evening chronotype individuals with bipolar disorder tend to have more severe symptoms and comorbidities. (3) The evening chronotype is only related to anxiety symptoms. (4) The relationship between chronotype and schizophrenia remains unclear, despite increasing evidence on their link. (5) The evening chronotype is significantly associated with eating disorders, with the majority of studies have focused on binge eating disorders. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms or influence factors are described in detail, including clock genes, brain characteristics, neuroendocrinology, the light/dark cycle, social factors, psychological factors, and sleep disorders. These findings provide the latest evidence on chronotypes and psychiatric disorders and serve as a valuable reference for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zou
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongliang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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28
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Spano L, Hennion V, Marie-Claire C, Bellivier F, Scott J, Etain B. Associations between circadian misalignment and telomere length in BD: an actigraphy study. Int J Bipolar Disord 2022; 10:14. [PMID: 35619042 PMCID: PMC9135941 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-022-00260-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life expectancy is significantly decreased in bipolar disorder (BD). This is associated with accelerated cellular aging which can be estimated by telomere length (TL). However, specific determinants of shorter TL in BD are under-explored. This study examines whether circadian misalignment (i.e. mismatch between preferred and actual phase of circadian activity rhythms) is associated with shorter TL in BD. METHODS Euthymic individuals with BD (n = 101) undertook 21 consecutive days of actigraphy recording and completed the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) to assess phase preference for activities (chronotype). Polymerase chain reaction was used to measure TL in blood. Cluster analysis identified circadian aligned/misaligned subgroups as defined by preferred (CSM score) and actual phases of activity (actigraphically determined onset of active and inactive periods). We tested for any associations between TL and clusters, with adjustments for between-cluster differences in socio-demographic and illness factors. RESULTS We identified three clusters: an "Aligned Morning" cluster (n = 31) with preferred and actual timing of activity in the morning, an "Aligned Evening" cluster (n = 37) with preferred and actual timing of activity in the evening and a "Misaligned" cluster (n = 32) with an evening chronotype, but an earlier objective onset of active periods. After adjustment for confounders, we found that TL was significantly associated with circadian misalignment and older age. CONCLUSIONS Circadian misalignment may partly explain shorter TL in BD and could contribute to accelerated aging in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Spano
- INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neurospsychopharmacologie, OTeN, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Hennion
- INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neurospsychopharmacologie, OTeN, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France.,DMU Neurosciences, Département de Psychiatrie Et de Médecine Addictologique, AP-HP.Nord, GH Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-F. Widal, Paris, France
| | - Cynthia Marie-Claire
- INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neurospsychopharmacologie, OTeN, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neurospsychopharmacologie, OTeN, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France.,DMU Neurosciences, Département de Psychiatrie Et de Médecine Addictologique, AP-HP.Nord, GH Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-F. Widal, Paris, France
| | - Jan Scott
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Bruno Etain
- INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neurospsychopharmacologie, OTeN, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France. .,Université de Paris, Paris, France. .,DMU Neurosciences, Département de Psychiatrie Et de Médecine Addictologique, AP-HP.Nord, GH Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-F. Widal, Paris, France. .,Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Centre Expert Troubles Bipolaires, Hôpital Fernand Widal, 200, rue du Faubourg Saint Denis, 75010, Paris Cedex, France.
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29
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Montagnese S, Zarantonello L, Formentin C, Giusti G, Mangini C, Isherwood CM, Ferrari P, Paoli A, Mapelli D, Rizzuto R, Toppo S, Skene DJ, Vettor R, Costa R. A Circadian Hygiene Education Initiative Covering the Pre-pandemic and Pandemic Period Resulted in Earlier Get-Up Times in Italian University Students: An Ecological Study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:848602. [PMID: 35495039 PMCID: PMC9047178 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.848602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to obtain sleep quality and sleep timing information in a group of university students and to evaluate the effects of a circadian hygiene education initiative. All students of the University of Padova (approximately 64,000) were contacted by e-mail (major campaigns in October 2019 and October 2020) and directed to an ad hoc website for collection of demographics and sleep quality/timing information. Participants (n = 5,740) received one of two sets of circadian hygiene advice (“A regular life” or “Bright days and dark nights”). Every month, they were then asked how easy it had been to comply and provided with the advice again. At any even month from joining, they completed the sleep quality/timing questionnaires again. Information on academic performance was obtained post hoc, together with representative samples of lecture (n = 5,972) and examination (n = 1,800) timings, plus lecture attendances (n = 25,302). Fifty-two percent of students had poor sleep quality, and 82% showed signs of social jetlag. Those who joined in October 2020, after several months of lockdown and distance learning, had better sleep quality, less social jetlag, and later sleep habits. Over approximately a year, the “Bright days and dark nights” advice resulted in significantly earlier get-up times compared with the “A regular life” advice. Similarly, it also resulted in a trend toward earlier midsleep (i.e., the midpoint, expressed as clock time, between sleep onset and sleep offset) and toward a decrease in the latency between wake-up and get-up time, with no impact on sleep duration. Significant changes in most sleep quality and sleep timing variables (i.e., fewer night awakenings, less social jetlag, and delayed sleep timing during lock-down) were observed in both advice groups over approximately a year, mostly in association with pandemic-related events characterizing 2020. Early chronotype students had better academic performances compared with their later chronotype counterparts. In a multivariate model, sleep quality, chronotype and study subject (science and technology, health and medical, or social and humanities) were independent predictors of academic performance. Taken together, these results underlie the importance of designing circadian-friendly university timetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Montagnese
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sara Montagnese,
| | | | | | | | - Chiara Mangini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Cheryl M. Isherwood
- Chronobiology Section, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniela Mapelli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Toppo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Debra J. Skene
- Chronobiology Section, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Costa
- Chronobiology Section, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy
- Rodolfo Costa,
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30
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Burrell LM, Kelly CJ, Kelly DR, Matthews MD. The Relationship Among Chronotype, Hardiness, Affect, and Talent and Their Effects on Performance in a Military Context. Psychol Rep 2022:332941211073659. [PMID: 35234105 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211073659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Individual preference for morning or evening activities (chronotype), affect, hardiness, and talent are associated with a variety of performance outcomes. This longitudinal study was designed to investigate the degree to which these variables are associated with academic, physical, and military performance. Self-reported measures of chronotype, affect, and hardiness were collected from 1149 cadets from the Class of 2016 upon entry to the United States Military Academy. Talent, a composite of academic, leadership, and physical fitness scores were drawn from cadet records. Academic, military, and physical performance measures were collected at graduation 4 years later. The results indicated that a morning orientation was associated with better physical and military performance. Higher talent scores, as well as lower levels of negative affect, were associated with better performance across all three performance measures. Hardiness was only associated with military performance. The findings suggest that a morning orientation and less negative affect may result in better performance overall within a challenging and structured military environment. Future studies of chronotype shifts may provide further insight into associated performance benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lolita M Burrell
- 8531Department of Behavioral Sciences and Leadership, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, USA
| | | | - Dennis R Kelly
- 8531Office of Institutional Research, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, USA
| | - Michael D Matthews
- 8531Office of Institutional Research, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, USA
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31
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Hasan MM, Jankowski KS, Khan MHA. Morningness-eveningness preference and shift in chronotype during COVID-19 as predictors of mood and well-being in university students. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022; 191:111581. [PMID: 35250137 PMCID: PMC8882407 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is suggested that social obligations, such as early work/school starts, have a disadvantageous impact on sleep behavior that can further transfer to mental health problems. Lockdown as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic created a unique opportunity to research human sleep-wake behavior in naturalistic conditions of decreased social obligations. This study aimed to test whether a change in habitual sleep-wake timing (shift in chronotype) during the COVID-19 lockdown impacted mood and well-being, and whether the impact differs according to morningness-eveningness preference. University students (N = 1011; Meanage = 21.95 ± 1.95 years) filled out self-report questionnaires containing measures of chronotype (midpoint of sleep) before and during the COVID-19 lockdown, morningness-eveningness preference, mood, and well-being. The impact of morningness-eveningness preference and shift in chronotype was tested via multiple regression analyses. Results showed that participants shifted their chronotype in line with their morningness-eveningness preference, and that shift toward earlier sleep-wake timing was related to better moods and well-being. Moreover, higher levels of positive mood (vigor) and well-being were found in individuals who shifted their sleep-wake timing earlier and were higher on morningness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Psychology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mozibul H A Khan
- Department of Psychology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
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32
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Goodwin AT, Karadoğan D, De Santis MM, Alsafadi HN, Hawthorne I, Bradicich M, Siciliano M, Şahin Duyar S, Targa A, Meszaros M, Fanaridis M, Gille T, Keir HR, Moor CC, Lichtblau M, Ubags ND, Cruz J. Highlights of the ERS Lung Science Conference and Sleep and Breathing Conference 2021 and the new ECMC members. Breathe (Sheff) 2022; 17:210080. [PMID: 35035550 PMCID: PMC8753630 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0080-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This article provides a brief description of some of the most remarkable sessions of the @EuroRespSoc Lung Science Conference and the Sleep and Breathing Conference 2021 and presents the new incoming members of the ECMC (@EarlyCareerERS) https://bit.ly/2RSDP40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda T Goodwin
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Dilek Karadoğan
- Dept of Chest Diseases, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Martina M De Santis
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Hani N Alsafadi
- Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Stem Cell Centre, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Ian Hawthorne
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Dept of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Matteo Bradicich
- Dept of Pulmonology and Sleep Disorders Centre, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Matteo Siciliano
- IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, UOC Pneumologia, Rome, Italy.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Sezgi Şahin Duyar
- Pulmonology, University of Health Sciences Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Adriano Targa
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova-Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,Diseases Network Research Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Martina Meszaros
- Dept of Pulmonology and Sleep Disorders Centre, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Michail Fanaridis
- Sleep Disorders Unit, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Thomas Gille
- Inserm UMR 1272 "Hypoxia & the Lung", UFR SMBH Léonard de Vinci, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord (USPN), Bobigny, France.,Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Seine-Saint-Denis (HUPSSD) Avicenne/Jean Verdier/René Muret, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bobigny, France
| | - Holly R Keir
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Catharina C Moor
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Niki D Ubags
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Joana Cruz
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), School of Health Sciences (ESSLei), Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
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33
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Spitschan M, Smolders K, Vandendriessche B, Bent B, Bakker JP, Rodriguez-Chavez IR, Vetter C. Verification, analytical validation and clinical validation (V3) of wearable dosimeters and light loggers. Digit Health 2022; 8:20552076221144858. [PMID: 36601285 PMCID: PMC9806438 DOI: 10.1177/20552076221144858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Light exposure is an important driver and modulator of human physiology, behavior and overall health, including the biological clock, sleep-wake cycles, mood and alertness. Light can also be used as a directed intervention, e.g., in the form of light therapy in seasonal affective disorder (SAD), jetlag prevention and treatment, or to treat circadian disorders. Recently, a system of quantities and units related to the physiological effects of light was standardized by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE S 026/E:2018). At the same time, biometric monitoring technologies (BioMeTs) to capture personalized light exposure were developed. However, because there are currently no standard approaches to evaluate the digital dosimeters, the need to provide a firm framework for the characterization, calibration, and reporting for these digital sensors is urgent. Objective This article provides such a framework by applying the principles of verification, analytic validation and clinical validation (V3) as a state-of-the-art approach for tools and standards in digital medicine to light dosimetry. Results This article describes opportunities for the use of digital dosimeters for basic research, for monitoring light exposure, and for measuring adherence in both clinical and non-clinical populations to light-based interventions in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Spitschan
- Translational Sensory & Circadian Neuroscience, Max Planck
Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Chronobiology & Health, TUM Department of Sport and Health
Sciences (TUM SG), Technical University of
Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of
Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Karin Smolders
- Human-Technology Interaction Group, Eindhoven University of
Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Vandendriessche
- Byteflies, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado
Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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34
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Felician J, Galvao F, Lefebvre M, Nourredine M, Peter-Derex L. Association of Delayed Sleep/Wake Rhythm with Depression During the First COVID-19 Lockdown in France. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1545-1557. [PMID: 36081862 PMCID: PMC9447448 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s369859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The containment of the population during the COVID-19 pandemic led to the emergence or recurrence of psychiatric conditions and sleep disorders. The influence of sleep/wake rhythm on mental health is well known. The objective of our study was to evaluate the link between the shift in sleep/wake rhythm and the presence of depressive symptoms during the March to May 2020 lockdown in the French population. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Participants (n = 2513) were recruited via newspapers and social networks in March 2020. We evaluated i) the chronotype before and during the lockdown, assessed by the change in mid-sleep time on work-free days corrected for sleep debt on workdays (delta MSFsc); ii) morningness-eveningness circadian preference (Horne & Ostberg questionnaire); iii) depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9). The delta MSFsc and the PHQ-9 score were compared between circadian preference types. A multivariate model adjusted for age, sex, circadian preference, housing type, and marital status was used to assess the influence of delta MSFsc on the PHQ-9 score in the whole population. RESULTS The population consisted of 77% women, of median (IQR) age 39 (30-48) years. Compared with the pre-lockdown period, the median (IQR) MSFsc was shifted by 30 (0-66) min during the lockdown, with a significant difference between evening [60 (15-120) min], morning [15 (0-46) min] and neutral [30 (0-70) min] circadian type individuals, p < 0.001. One-third of all participants had moderate to severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10). A 1-hour shift in MSFsc was associated with a 0.50-point increase [95% CI (0.28; 0.72), p < 0.001] in the PHQ-9. CONCLUSION A phase delay in the chronotype was observed in the general population during lockdown. Such disruption was associated with depressive symptoms but the direction of the relationship remains hypothetical. The impact on mental health of preventive measures targeting the sleep/wake rhythm in this context needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Felician
- Centre for Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Diseases, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Medicine faculty, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,Unité Michel Jouvet - Pôle Est - Z19, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Filipe Galvao
- Unité Michel Jouvet - Pôle Est - Z19, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Mylène Lefebvre
- Unité Michel Jouvet - Pôle Est - Z19, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Mikail Nourredine
- Medicine faculty, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,Biostatistics Unit, University Hospital Service of Pharmacotoxicology and Public Health Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Research Department, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France.,Biometry and Evolutionary Biology Laboratory, UMR CNRS 5558, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Peter-Derex
- Centre for Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Diseases, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Medicine faculty, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CNRS UMR 5292/INSERM U1028, Lyon, France
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35
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Cabanel N, Schmidt AM, Fockenberg S, Brückmann K, Müller MJ, Kundermann B, Haag A. Circadian preference and sleep quality in healthy controls and psychiatric inpatients with major depressive disorder - An actigraphy study incorporating morning and evening mood assessments. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:249-260. [PMID: 34724857 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1994583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is frequently accompanied by sleep disturbance. Regarding diurnal preference (chronotype), sleep problems and low mood have been associated with evening orientation. Considering diurnal preference, we investigated subjective restorative value of sleep and actigraphy sleep parameters together with mood assessments twice a day, i.e. in the morning and evening, during weekdays and weekends in MDD psychiatric inpatients and healthy controls (HCs). The restorative value of sleep was higher during the weekend in HC, and bedtimes and risetimes were delayed during the weekend compared to weekdays in HC and MDD. Morning mood affected subjective sleep ratings in both groups, while association with symptom severity (BDI) in MDD remained insignificant. In HC, better evening mood was associated with later bedtimes. Regarding the chronotype in HC, evening orientation was associated with relatively low restorative value of sleep during weekdays, and morning orientation was associated with relatively higher actigraphy sleep efficiency during weekdays compared to weekend. In MDD, an association of evening orientation with later rise times could be observed, while no chronotype dependent effect emerged regarding the restorative value of sleep or sleep efficiency. Our results emphasize that research on sleep in MDD should incorporate weekdays as well as weekends, chronotype assessment, and measures of morning and evening mood, as these can be associated with ratings of the subjective restorative value of sleep (i.e. in our study, better morning mood was associated with higher restorative values), but also with behavioral sleep parameters (i.e. in our study, more positive evening mood was associated with later bedtimes). Potentially, the restorative value of sleep in MDD evening types can be improved by maintaining a regular sleep schedule, which needs to be investigated in an experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Cabanel
- Vitos Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Konstantin Brückmann
- Vitos Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthias J Müller
- Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Oberberg Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Kundermann
- Vitos Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anja Haag
- Vitos Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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36
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Czech and Slovak Members of Religious Institutes: Their Health in Comparison to the General Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18199944. [PMID: 34639246 PMCID: PMC8508004 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18199944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the general health of consecrated persons (CP) in the Czech Republic (CZ) and in Slovakia (SK) compared to control samples of the Czech population. The sample of 293 CP participants (age: M = 47.52, SD = 9.57, females: 78.88%, 180 Czechs, 213 Slovaks) was compared with two control samples, one of which was nationally representative. Comparing CP with the general population, we measured the frequency of recent health complaints, the occurrence of chronic illnesses, general health and the individual chronotype. Compared to the representative sample, CP had a higher chance of suffering from pelvis minor pain and obesity but a lower chance of diabetes. Furthermore, CP had higher odds of having worse general health. Comparing “larks” with “night owls” among CP, the “night owls” had a significantly higher chance of suffering from worse general health. “Night owl” CP also seem to suffer more from backache and depression/anxiety and to have more problems with falling asleep. Compared to the overall society, CP in CZ and SK tend to have similar or worse general health. The results differ from the findings in the US, pointing to the positive health effects of the spiritual experience and structured daily routine of CP. Thus, this study shows the importance of more detailed research on the way of life of Czech and Slovak CP to determine the factors with the most negative health effects.
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37
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Association between Irregular Meal Timing and the Mental Health of Japanese Workers. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082775. [PMID: 34444937 PMCID: PMC8400428 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakfast skipping and nighttime snacking have been identified as risk factors for obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. However, the effects of irregularity of meal timing on health and daily quality of life are still unclear. In this study, a web-based self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted involving 4490 workers (73.3% males; average age = 47.4 ± 0.1 years) in Japan to investigate the association between meal habits, health, and social relationships. This study identified that irregular meal timing was correlated with higher neuroticism (one of the Big Five personality traits), lower physical activity levels, and higher productivity loss. Irregular meal timing was also associated with a higher incidence of sleep problems and lower subjective health conditions. Among health outcomes, a high correlation of irregular meal timing with mental health factors was observed. This study showed that irregularity of meal timing can be explained by unbalanced diets, frequent breakfast skipping, increased snacking frequency, and insufficient latency from the last meal to sleep onset. Finally, logistic regression analysis was conducted, and a significant contribution of meal timing irregularity to subjective mental health was found under adjustment for other confounding factors. These results suggest that irregular meal timing is a good marker of subjective mental health issues.
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38
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Daghlas I, Lane JM, Saxena R, Vetter C. Genetically Proxied Diurnal Preference, Sleep Timing, and Risk of Major Depressive Disorder. JAMA Psychiatry 2021; 78:903-910. [PMID: 34037671 PMCID: PMC8156187 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Importance Morning diurnal preference is associated with reduced risk of major depressive disorder (MDD); however, causality in this association is uncertain. Objective To examine the association of genetically proxied morning diurnal preference with depression risk using mendelian randomization. Design, Setting, and Participants This 2-sample mendelian randomization study used summary-level genetic associations with diurnal preference and MDD. Up to 340 genetic loci associated with diurnal preference in a meta-analysis of the UK Biobank and 23andMe cohorts were considered as genetic proxies for diurnal preference. The effect size of these variants was scaled using genetic associations with accelerometer-based measurement of sleep midpoint. Genetic associations with MDD were obtained from a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and UK Biobank. The inverse-variance weighted method was used to estimate the association of genetically proxied morning diurnal preference, corresponding to a 1-hour earlier sleep midpoint, with MDD risk. Exposures Morning diurnal preference scaled to a 1-hour earlier, objectively measured sleep midpoint. Main Outcomes and Measures Risk of MDD, including self-reported and clinically diagnosed cases, as ascertained in meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies. Results A total of 697 828 individuals (all of European ancestry) were in the UK Biobank and 23andMe cohorts; 85 502 in the UK Biobank had measurements of the sleep midpoint. A further 170 756 individuals with MDD and 329 443 control participants (all of European ancestry) were in the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and UK Biobank data. Genetically proxied earlier diurnal preference was associated with a 23% lower risk of depression (odds ratio [OR] per 1-hour earlier sleep midpoint, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.63-0.94]; P = .01). This association was similar when restricting analysis to individuals with MDD as stringently defined by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (OR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.54-1.00]; P = .05) but not statistically significant when defined by hospital-based billing codes in the UK Biobank (OR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.39-1.06]; P = .08). Sensitivity analyses examining potential bias due to pleiotropy or reverse causality showed similar findings (eg, intercept [SE], 0.00 [0.001]; P = .66 by Egger intercept test). Conclusions and Relevance The results of this mendelian randomization study support a protective association of earlier diurnal preference with risk of MDD and provide estimates contextualized to an objective sleep timing measure. Further investigation in the form of randomized clinical trials may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyas Daghlas
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Jacqueline M. Lane
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Richa Saxena
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Céline Vetter
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder
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39
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Lipsanen J, Kuula L, Elovainio M, Partonen T, Pesonen AK. Data-driven modelling approach to circadian temperature rhythm profiles in free-living conditions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15029. [PMID: 34294824 PMCID: PMC8298484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The individual variation in the circadian rhythms at the physiological level is not well understood. Albeit self-reported circadian preference profiles have been consolidated, their premises are grounded on human experience, not on physiology. We used data-driven, unsupervised time series modelling to characterize distinct profiles of the circadian rhythm measured from skin surface temperature in free-living conditions. We demonstrate the existence of three distinct clusters of individuals which differed in their circadian temperature profiles. The cluster with the highest temperature amplitude and the lowest midline estimating statistic of rhythm, or rhythm-adjusted mean, had the most regular and early-timed sleep–wake rhythm, and was the least probable for those with a concurrent delayed sleep phase, or eveningness chronotype. While the clusters associated with the observed sleep and circadian preference patterns, the entirely unsupervised modelling of physiological data provides a novel basis for modelling and understanding the human circadian functions in free-living conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari Lipsanen
- Sleepwell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Kuula
- Sleepwell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Sleepwell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu-Katriina Pesonen
- Sleepwell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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40
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Walsh NA, Repa LM, Garland SN. Mindful larks and lonely owls: The relationship between chronotype, mental health, sleep quality, and social support in young adults. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13442. [PMID: 34272788 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Chronotype is related to mental health, with evening chronotypes being more susceptible to psychological disorders than intermediate and morning types. The present study investigated the relationship between chronotype, mental health, sleep quality, and social support in Canadian young adults. We surveyed 3160 university students aged 18-35 years. Participants completed the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Medical Outcomes Study - Social Support Survey. We conducted Bonferroni-corrected one-way analyses of covariance with post hoc paired comparisons to determine the relationship between the aforementioned variables, with age and sex as covariates. We further looked at the moderation of social support on the relationship between chronotype and sleep quality. Overall, 55%, 36% and 9% of participants were classified as intermediate, evening and morning types, respectively. There was a significant difference between chronotype on levels of depression, anxiety, and sleep quality, with evening types reporting more severe symptomology than morning-types and intermediate types. Morning types reported greater levels of overall social support and mindfulness. Evening types reported the lowest levels of all types of social support. Social support did not moderate the relationship between chronotype and sleep quality. This study further demonstrates the association between worse psychological well-being and eveningness and between more social support, and mindfulness in morning chronotype young adults. Education and intervention are warranted to help evening chronotypes manage the potential negative features of their circadian rhythm, as well as to cultivate a greater sense of social support and mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyissa A Walsh
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NF, Canada
| | - Lily M Repa
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NF, Canada
| | - Sheila N Garland
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NF, Canada
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41
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Červená K, Spišská V, Kolář D, Evansová K, Skálová K, Dostal J, Vybíral S, Bendová Z. Diurnal and seasonal differences in cardiopulmonary response to exercise in morning and evening chronotypes. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1661-1672. [PMID: 34128445 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1938598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks regulate multiple physiological domains from molecular to behavioral levels and adjust bodily physiology to seasonal changes in day length. Circadian regulation of cellular bioenergy and immunity in the cardiovascular and muscle systems may underpin the individual diurnal differences in performance capacity during exercise. Several studies have shown diurnal differences in cardiopulmonary parameters at maximal and submaximal workloads in morning and evening circadian human phenotypes. However, the effect of seasons on these changes was not elucidated. In this study, we recruited subjects with Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire scores corresponding to morning and evening types. Subjects underwent morning (7:00-9:00) and evening (20:00-22:00) maximal workload spiroergometry in both winter and summer seasons. We analyzed their performance time, anaerobic threshold, heart rate, and respiratory parameters. Our results suggest that evening types manifest diurnal variations in physical performance, particularly in winter. They also have slower heart rate recovery than morning types, irrespective of the time of day or season. Compared to winter, the chronotype effect on the magnitude of morning-evening differences in performance time, maximal heart rate, and anaerobic threshold onset was more significant in summer. Our data are in concordance with previous observations and confirm the difference between morning and evening types in the timing of maximum performance capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Červená
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Spišská
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Kolář
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Evansová
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Skálová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dostal
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Vybíral
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Bendová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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42
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Bradford DRR, Biello SM, Russell K. Insomnia symptoms mediate the association between eveningness and suicidal ideation, defeat, entrapment, and psychological distress in students. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1397-1408. [PMID: 34100311 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1931274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronotype describes a person's general preference for mornings, evenings, or neither. It is typically conceptualized as a continuous unidimensional spectrum from morningness to eveningness. Eveningness is associated with poorer outcomes across a myriad of physical and mental health outcomes. This preference for later sleep and wake times is associated with increased risk of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation in both clinical and community samples. However, the mechanisms underlying the negative consequences of this preference for evenings are not fully understood. Previous research has found that sleep disturbances may act as a mediator of this relationship. The present study aimed to explore the associations between chronotype and affective outcomes in a sample of students. Additionally, it aimed to investigate the potential role of insomnia as a mediator within these relationships. Participants (n = 190) completed an anonymous self-report survey of validated measures online which assessed chronotype, insomnia symptoms, and a range of affective outcomes (defeat, entrapment, suicide risk, stress, and depressive and anxious symptomology). Eveningness was associated with more severe or frequent experiences of these outcomes, with participants that demonstrated a preference for eveningness more likely to report poorer affective functioning and increased psychological distress. Mediation analysis found the relationship between chronotype and these outcome measures was completely or partially mediated by insomnia symptom severity measured by the validated Sleep Condition Indicator insomnia scale. Taken together, these findings add further evidence for the negative consequences of increased eveningness. Additionally, our results show that chronotype and sleep disturbances should be considered when assessing mental well-being. Implementing appropriate sleep-related behavior change or schedule alterations can offer a tool for mitigation or prevention of psychological distress in students that report a preference for later sleep and wake times.
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43
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Facer-Childs ER, Hoffman D, Tran JN, Drummond SPA, Rajaratnam SMW. Sleep and mental health in athletes during COVID-19 lockdown. Sleep 2021; 44:zsaa261. [PMID: 33535229 PMCID: PMC7928674 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The global coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated lockdown restrictions resulted in the majority of sports competitions around the world being put on hold. This includes the National Basketball Association, the UEFA Champions League, Australian Football League, the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games, and regional competitions. The mitigation strategies in place to control the pandemic have caused disruption to daily schedules, working environments, and lifestyle factors. Athletes rely on regular access to training facilities, practitioners, and coaches to maintain physical and mental health to achieve maximal performance and optimal recovery. Furthermore, participation in sport at any level increases social engagement and promotes better mental health. It is, therefore, critical to understanding how the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown measures have affected the lives of athletes. We surveyed elite and sub-elite athletes (n = 565) across multiple sports. Significant disruptions were reported for all lifestyle factors including social interactions, physical activity, sleep patterns, and mental health. We found a significant increase in total sleep time and sleep latency, as well as a delay in mid-sleep times and a decrease in social jetlag. Training frequency and duration significantly decreased. Importantly, the changes to training and sleep-related factors were associated with mental health outcomes. With spikes in COVID-19 cases rising around the world and governments reinstituting lockdowns (e.g. United Kingdom; Melbourne, Australia; California, USA) these results will inform messaging and strategies to better manage sleep and mental health in a population for whom optimal performance is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise R Facer-Childs
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoffman
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennie N Tran
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sean P A Drummond
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shantha M W Rajaratnam
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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44
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Duarte LL, Menna-Barreto L. Chronotypes and circadian rhythms in university students. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1903791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro L. Duarte
- Laboratório De Estudos Em Neurociências, Cronobiologia & Sono. Centro De Ciências Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Recôncavo Da Bahia, Santo Antônio De Jesus, BA, Brasil
| | - Luiz Menna-Barreto
- Escola De Artes Ciências E Humanidades, Universidade De São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Pallesen S, Bjorvatn B, Waage S, Harris A, Sagoe D. Prevalence of Shift Work Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:638252. [PMID: 33833721 PMCID: PMC8021760 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.638252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: No systematic review or meta-analysis concerning the prevalence of shift work disorder (SWD) has been conducted so far. The aim was thus to review prevalence studies of SWD, to calculate an overall prevalence by a random effects meta-analysis approach and investigate correlates of SWD prevalence using a random-effects meta-regression. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in ISI Web of Science, PsycNET, PubMed, and Google Scholar using the search terms “shift work disorder” and “shift work sleep disorder.” No restrictions in terms of time frame were used. Included studies had to present original data on the prevalence of SWD in an occupational sample published in English. A total of 349 unique hits were made. In all, 29 studies were finally included from which two authors independently extracted data using predefined data fields. The meta-regression included four predictors (diagnostic criteria, study country, type of workers, and sample size). Results: The overall prevalence of SWD was 26.5% (95% confidence interval = 21.0–32.8). Cochran Q was 1,845.4 (df = 28, p < 0.001), and the I2 was 98.5%, indicating very high heterogeneity across the observed prevalence estimates. Diagnostic criteria (International Classification of Sleep Disorders-2 = 0, International Classification of Sleep Disorders-3 = 1) and sample size were inversely related to SWD prevalence. Conclusions: The prevalence of SWD was high across the included studies. The between-study disparity was large and was partly explained by diagnostic criteria and sample size. In order to facilitate comparative research on SWD, there is a need for validation and standardization of assessment methodology as well as agreement in terms of sample restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Optentia, The Vaal Triangle Campus of the North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Bjørn Bjorvatn
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Siri Waage
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anette Harris
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dominic Sagoe
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Räihä T, Nerg I, Jurvelin H, Conlin A, Korhonen M, Ala-Mursula L. Evening chronotype is associated with poor work ability and disability pensions at midlife: a Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study. Occup Environ Med 2021; 78:oemed-2020-107193. [PMID: 33622783 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-107193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This is the first general population study to evaluate whether evening chronotypes (E) have poorer work ability (WA) and higher probability for early disability pensions (DPs) than morning types (M) in middle age. METHODS Among non-retired individuals (n=5831; 2672 men, 3159 women) of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, chronotype was determined at the age of 46 years with shortened Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaires in 2012. The outcomes were poor WA in 2012, indicated by scores 0-7/10 of Work Ability Score, and registered emergence of DPs in 2013-2016. Multivariate logistic and Cox regression analyses were separately adjusted for factors related to sleep, health and behaviours, sociodemographic and economic factors, or working times. RESULTS E-types represented 10% (n=264) of men and 12% (n=382) of women. Compared with M-types, the unadjusted ORs with 95% CIs of poor WA for E-type men and women were 2.24 (95% CI 1.62 to 3.08) and 2.33 (95% CI 1.74 to 3.10), respectively. The odds remained statistically significant and approximately twofold in all separate adjustment models tested. During 2013-2016, 8 (3.0%) E-type men and 10 (2.6%) E-type women were granted DP, which, compared with M-types, represented a higher HR that was statistically significant for men (HR 3.12, 95% CI 1.27 to 7.63) and remained significant except when multiple sleep variables or working times were adjusted for. CONCLUSIONS Eveningness appears a previously unrecognised risk factor for poor WA and early disability. We suggest that individual chronotype be considered in attempts to lengthen work careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapio Räihä
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Iiro Nerg
- Department of Economics and Finance, Oulu Business School, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heidi Jurvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Andrew Conlin
- Department of Economics and Finance, Oulu Business School, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marko Korhonen
- Department of Economics and Finance, Oulu Business School, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leena Ala-Mursula
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Cheng WJ, Puttonen S, Vanttola P, Koskinen A, Kivimäki M, Härmä M. Association of shift work with mood disorders and sleep problems according to chronotype: a 17-year cohort study. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:518-525. [PMID: 33588657 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1885431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Both evening chronotype and shift work are associated with depressive symptoms. This study examined whether the association between shift work and mood disorders and sleep problems varies by chronotype. The study population included 10637 participants from the Finnish Hospital Personnel Cohort Study. Work schedule was assessed using repeated questionnaires between 2000 and 2017. Chronotype, assessed using a single item from the Diurnal Type Scale, was categorized into definite morning, somewhat morning, somewhat evening, and definite evening types. The presence of mood disorders was identified by the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Sleep problems were assessed by self-reported frequency of difficulty falling asleep and maintaining asleep. Longitudinal fixed effects models were used to examine the associations between shift work and the presence of mood disorders and sleep problems, stratified by chronotype. We found that fixed night work was associated with mood disorders among somewhat evening (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.91, 95% CI 1.09-3.34) and definite evening-type workers (adjusted OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.06-3.98). Shift work with night shifts was associated with mood disorders among definite evening-type workers (adjusted OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.18-2.60). Similarly, fixed night work was associated with difficulty maintaining sleep only among evening-type workers. In conclusion, evening chronotype increase the vulnerability to mood disorders and sleep disturbances related to night work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ju Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Päivi Vanttola
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki Koskinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Härmä
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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48
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Temporal organisation of the brain's intrinsic motor network: The relationship with circadian phenotype and motor performance. Neuroimage 2021; 232:117840. [PMID: 33577933 PMCID: PMC8214225 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functional connectivity (FC) of the motor network (MN) is often used to investigate how intrinsic properties of the brain are associated with motor abilities and performance. In addition, the MN is a key feature in clinical work to map the recovery after stroke and aid the understanding of neurodegenerative disorders. Time of day variation and individual differences in circadian timing, however, have not yet been considered collectively when looking at FC. Methods A total of 33 healthy, right handed individuals (13 male, 23.1 ± 4.2 years) took part in the study. Actigraphy, sleep diaries and circadian phase markers (dim light melatonin onset and cortisol awakening response) were used to determine early (ECP, n = 13) and late (LCP, n = 20) circadian phenotype groups. Resting state functional MRI testing sessions were conducted at 14:00 h, 20:00 h and 08:00 h and preceded by a maximum voluntary contraction test for isometric grip strength to measure motor performance. Results Significant differences in FC of the MN between ECPs and LCPs were found, as well as significant variations between different times of day. A higher amplitude in diurnal variation of FC and performance was observed in LCPs compared to ECPs, with the morning being most significantly affected. Overall, lower FC was significantly associated with poorer motor performance. Discussion Our findings uncover intrinsic differences between times of day and circadian phenotype groups. This suggests that central mechanisms contribute to diurnal variation in motor performance and the functional integrity of the MN at rest influences the ability to perform in a motor task.
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49
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Anastasio AT, Patel PS, Fernandez-Moure J, Gage MJ. A Solution to After-Hours Fatigue and Surgical Backlog. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil 2021; 12:2151459321989523. [PMID: 33614190 PMCID: PMC7868493 DOI: 10.1177/2151459321989523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
After-hours surgery represents a novel solution that can effectively combat surgical fatigue of care teams in addition to addressing the high volume of surgical backlog associated with the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic. This commentary seeks to rationalize how successful employment of a dedicated after-hours surgical team and protocol has tremendous potential for increased efficiency while maintaining good surgical outcomes in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark J Gage
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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50
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Sleep, Circadian Rhythmicity and Response to Chronotherapy in University Students: Tips from Chronobiology Practicals. J Circadian Rhythms 2021; 19:1. [PMID: 33552216 PMCID: PMC7824979 DOI: 10.5334/jcr.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronobiology is not routinely taught to biology or medical students in most European countries. Here we present the results of the chronobiology practicals of a group of students of the University of Padova, with a view to highlight some interesting features of this group, and to share a potentially interesting cross-faculty teaching experience. Thirty-eight students (17 males; 22.9 ± 1.6 yrs) completed a set of self-administered electronic sleep quality [Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)], chronotype and sleepiness [Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)] questionnaires. They then went on to complete sleep diaries for two weeks. Sixteen also wore an actigraph, 8 wore wireless sensors for skin temperature, and 8 underwent a course of chronotherapy aimed at anticipating their sleep-wake timing. Analyses were performed as practicals, together with the students. Average PSQI score was 5.4 ± 1.9, with 15 (39%) students being poor sleepers. Average ESS score was 6.5 ± 3.3, with 3 (8%) students exhibiting excessive daytime sleepiness. Seven classified themselves as definitely/moderately morning, 25 as intermediates, 6 as moderately/definitely evening. Students went to bed/fell asleep significantly later on weekends, it took them less to fall asleep and they woke up/got up significantly later. Diary-reported sleep onset time coincided with the expected decrease in proximal skin temperature. Finally, during chronotherapy they took significantly less time to fall asleep. In conclusion, significant abnormalities in the sleep-wake patterns of a small group of university students were observed, and the students seemed to benefit from chronotherapy. We had a positive impression of our teaching experience, and the chronobiology courses obtained excellent student feedback.
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