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Viseu CKA, Selvander M. A Cross-Sectional Study of Circadian Stimulus in Swedish Radiographers' Light Environment. HERD-HEALTH ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH & DESIGN JOURNAL 2024:19375867241278599. [PMID: 39262317 DOI: 10.1177/19375867241278599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Background: Timely light exposure is a vital aspect to achieve better sleep and well-being. As there are risks with a disturbed circadian rhythm and benefits with light settings that stimulate the rhythm, the circadian effective light, circadian stimulus (CS), for radiographers was examined. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare radiographers' light environment on the workstations, at a university hospital in Southern Sweden in the form of CS and relate that to recommendations published by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Method: A cross-sectional method has been applied. The measurements for CS were collected in all labs in the radiology department in the middle of January. Result: A total of 804 measures were evenly collected resulting in a median for the 19 labs, where the observed median for all labs was 0.091 CS which is significantly lower than the recommended value of 0.3 CS (p < .001). Comparing work light settings with maximum light levels in the brightest and darkest labs showed a significant difference (p < .001). Conclusion: The CS values in the labs, at the radiology department at a university hospital in Southern Sweden, do not reach the recommended values of circadian stimulus published by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency when the radiographers themselves set the light. There is a potential for improvement as a significant difference could be seen between the chosen level of light and the maximum possible level of light.
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Donzella SM, Masters M, Phipps AI, Patel AV, Zhong C. Validity of self-reported sleep duration in the Cancer Prevention Study- 3. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307409. [PMID: 39150951 PMCID: PMC11329134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the one-year test re-test reliability and validity criterion of survey-assessed sleep duration collected from two separate questions. METHODS The Activity Validation Sub Study included 751 participants of the Cancer Prevention Study-3 study to further investigate rest/activity cycles. Sleep duration was collected using three methods: survey, Daysimeter device, and sleep diary. Survey-assessed sleep duration was collected using 2 different questions, each with different response options (categorical and continuous). Selected participants (n = 170) were asked to wear a Daysimeter device for seven consecutive days for two non-consecutive quarters. Participants were excluded from the current study due to incomplete/implausible survey or device data or reported working night shift. We calculated reliability of pre- and post-survey sleep duration for both survey question using Spearman correlation. We used the method of triads to estimate the validity coefficient (VC) between the three sleep duration measurements in the present study and the "true" latent sleep duration measure, and bootstrapping methods to calculate the 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS Of 119 participants included in the study (52.10% male), test-retest correlation showed strong and moderate correlations for sleep duration collected continuously and categorically, respectively. The VC for survey-assessed continuous sleep duration was 0.82 (95%CI 0.71, 0.90) for weekday and 0.68 (95%CI 0.46, 0.83) for weekend. Performance of the VC was slightly weaker for survey-assessed categorical sleep duration (weekday VC = 0.57 95%CI 0.42, 0.71; weekend VC = 0.47 95%CI 0.29, 0.62). CONCLUSION The two survey-assessed sleep duration questions used in the AVSS and CPS-3 cohorts are valid approximations of sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney M. Donzella
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Matthew Masters
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Amanda I. Phipps
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Alpa V. Patel
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Charlie Zhong
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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He M, Chen H, Li S, Ru T, Chen Q, Zhou G. Evening prolonged relatively low melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance light exposure increases arousal before and during sleep without altering sleep structure. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14113. [PMID: 38097530 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Light can influence many psychophysiological functions beyond vision, including alertness, circadian rhythm, and sleep, namely the non-image forming (NIF) effects of light. Melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance (mel-EDI) is currently recommended as the predictor of the NIF effects of light. Although light dose is also critical for entraining and regulating circadian cycle, it is still unknown whether relatively low mel-EDI light exposure for prolonged duration in the evening would affect pre-sleep arousal and subsequent sleep. In all, 18 healthy college students (10 females, mean [standard deviation] age 21.67 [2.03] years) underwent 2 experimental nights with a 1 week interval in a simulated bedroom environment. During experimental nights, participants were either exposed to high or low mel-EDI light (73 versus 38 lx mel-EDI, 90 versus 87 photopic lx at eye level, 150 photopic lx at table level) for 3.5 h before regular bedtime, and their sleep was monitored by polysomnography. Subjective sleepiness, mood, and resting-state electroencephalography during light exposure were also investigated. Results showed no significant differences in sleep structure and sleep quality between the two light conditions, whereas 3.5 h of exposure to high versus low mel-EDI light induced marginally higher physiological arousal in terms of a lower delta but higher beta power density before sleep, as well as a lower delta power density during sleep. Moreover, participants felt happier before sleep under exposure to high versus low mel-EDI light. These findings together with the current literature suggest that evening prolonged relatively low mel-EDI light exposure may mildly increase arousal before and during sleep but affected sleep structure less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiheng He
- Lab of Lighting and Physio-psychological Health, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanyu Chen
- Lab of Lighting and Physio-psychological Health, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Lab of Lighting and Physio-psychological Health, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taotao Ru
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwei Chen
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Bonatto FS, Pilz LK, Borges RB, Xavier NB, Tonon AC, do Amaral FG, Hidalgo MPL. Daylight exposure and mood in real life: Direct association and mediating role of sleep and routine regularity. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:1128-1141. [PMID: 39058252 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2381590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The light/dark cycle is the main external cue to synchronize the human biological clock. Modern lifestyles typically lead to less daylight exposure and blunted 24 h-amplitude. We evaluated the association of outdoor daylight exposure (frequency, duration, regularity and shift) with chronotype estimated by sleep phase, regularity of routines, sleep, well-being (WHO-5), and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), in a sample of 1,095 participants (81.8% female; 87.9% aged 18-49) surveyed online between July and November 2020. We analyzed direct and indirect associations in daylight-mood relationship with chronotype-estimate, routine regularity, and sleep as mediators. Outdoor daylight exposure was associated with WHO-5/PHQ-9 scores in mediation models, with higher total effects when the exposure was every day (β = 4.13 ± 0.53/ β = -3.81 ± 0.67), for more than 4 hours (β = 3.77 ± 0.91/ β = -3.83 ± 1.31) and during the morning (β = 3.41 ± 0.53/ β = -3.74 ± 0.70) in reference to lack of exposure. Chronotype-estimate, routine regularity score, and sleep problems acted as mediators, while social jetlag and sleep duration did not play an important role in this association. This study advanced the understanding of the complex interplay between light exposure, mental health, and individual characteristics of sleep and other routine regularities, and showed the benefits of optimizing daylight exposure to improve mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S Bonatto
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luísa K Pilz
- ECRC Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine CCM/CVK, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rogério B Borges
- Unidade de Bioestatística - Diretoria de Pesquisa (DIPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Statistics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nicóli B Xavier
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - André C Tonon
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Paz L Hidalgo
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Anderson AR, Ostermiller L, Lastrapes M, Hales L. Does sunlight exposure predict next-night sleep? A daily diary study among U.S. adults. J Health Psychol 2024:13591053241262643. [PMID: 39077837 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241262643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Poor sleep is becoming increasingly prevalent and is associated with adverse health outcomes. Sunlight exposure may improve sleep by regulating circadian rhythms, increasing vitamin D, and influencing melatonin production. However, research on the sunlight-sleep association is limited, especially outside of cross-sectional designs. This study examined associations between daily self-reported sunlight exposure and next-night sleep quality in 103 adults for up to 70 days. The timing of sunlight exposure predicted next-night sleep quality. Specifically, morning sunlight exposure, relative to no sunlight, predicted better sleep quality based on responses to the brief Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. Duration of sunlight exposure was generally not associated with sleep quality. Morning sunlight may regulate circadian rhythms, subsequently improving sleep. Findings have potential implications for sleep interventions and daylight savings time policies. Future research should test whether morning sunlight exposure can enhance the effectiveness of sleep interventions.
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Pettit RJ, Gregory B, Stahl S, Buller LT, Deans C. Total Joint Arthroplasty and Sleep: The State of the Evidence. Arthroplast Today 2024; 27:101383. [PMID: 39071825 PMCID: PMC11282419 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2024.101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As the number of total hip and knee arthroplasties (TJA) performed increases, there is heightened interest in perioperative optimization to improve outcomes. Sleep is perhaps one of the least understood perioperative factors that affects TJA outcomes. The purpose of this article is to review the current body of knowledge regarding sleep and TJA and the tools available to optimize sleep perioperatively. Methods A manual search was performed using PubMed for articles with information about sleep in the perioperative period. Articles were selected that examined: sleep and pain in the perioperative period; the effect of surgery on sleep postoperatively; the relationship between sleep and TJA outcomes; risk factors for perioperative sleep disturbance; the effect of anesthesia on sleep; and the efficacy of interventions to optimize sleep perioperatively. Results Sleep and pain are intimately associated; poor sleep is associated with increased pain sensitivity. Enhanced sleep is associated with improved surgical outcomes, although transient sleep disturbances are normal postoperatively. Risk factors for perioperative sleep disturbance include increasing age, pre-existing sleep disorders, medical comorbidities, and type of anesthesia used. Interventions to improve sleep include optimizing medical comorbidities preoperatively, increasing sleep time perioperatively, appropriating sleep hygiene, using cognitive behavioral therapy, utilizing meditation and mindfulness interventions, and using pharmacologic sleep aids. Conclusions Sleep is one of many factors that affect TJA. As we better understand the interplay between sleep, risk factors for suboptimal sleep, and interventions that can be used to optimize sleep, we will be able to provide better care and improved outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Pettit
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brandon Gregory
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephanie Stahl
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Leonard T. Buller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christopher Deans
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
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Kim S, Casement MD. Promoting adolescent sleep and circadian function: A narrative review on the importance of daylight access in schools. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:725-737. [PMID: 38616310 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2341156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Adolescent sleep disturbances and circadian delays pose significant challenges to mood and daytime functioning. In this narrative review, we explore the impact of light on sleep and highlight the importance of monitoring and managing light exposure in adolescents throughout the day and night. The benefits of daylight exposure in mitigating sleep and circadian disruptions are well-established; however, interventions targeting access to daylight in adolescents remain understudied and underutilized. The primary aim of this narrative review is to bring attention to this gap in the literature and propose the need for institutional-level interventions that promote access to daylight, especially considering adolescents' early school start times and substantial time spent indoors on weekdays. School-led interventions, such as active commuting to school and outdoor curriculums, have promising effects on sleep and circadian rhythms. Additionally, practical measures to optimize natural light in classrooms, including managing blinds and designing conducive environments, should also be considered. While future studies are necessary to facilitate the implementation of interventions, the potential for these school-level interventions to support adolescent sleep health is evident. Aiming for integration of individual-level regulation and institutional-level intervention of light exposure is necessary for optimal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojeong Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
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Sharp N, Burish MJ, Digre KB, Ailani J, Fani M, Lamp S, Schwedt TJ. Photophobia is associated with lower sleep quality in individuals with migraine: results from the American Registry for Migraine Research (ARMR). J Headache Pain 2024; 25:55. [PMID: 38609895 PMCID: PMC11015590 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-024-01756-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with migraine often have poor sleep quality between and during migraine attacks. Furthermore, extensive research has identified photophobia as the most common and most bothersome symptom in individuals with migraine, second only to headache. Seeking the comfort of darkness is a common strategy for managing pain during an attack and preventing its recurrence between episodes. Given the well-established effects of daily light exposure on circadian activity rhythms and sleep quality, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between photophobia symptoms and sleep quality in a cohort of patients with migraine. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using existing data extracted from the American Registry for Migraine Research (ARMR). Participants with a migraine diagnosis who had completed the baseline questionnaires (Photosensitivity Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2)), and selected questions of the ARMR Sleep questionnaire were included. Models were created to describe the relationship of photophobia and photophilia with various sleep facets, including sleep quality (SQ), sleep disturbance (SDis), sleep onset latency (SOL), sleep-related impairments (SRI), and insomnia. Each model was controlled for age, sex, headache frequency, anxiety, and depression. RESULTS A total of 852 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis (mean age (SD) = 49.8 (13.9), 86.6% (n = 738) female). Those with photophobia exhibited significantly poorer sleep quality compared to patients without photophobia (p < 0.001). Photophobia scores were associated with SQ (p < 0.001), SDis (p < 0.001), SOL (p = 0.011), SRI (p = 0.020), and insomnia (p = 0.005) after controlling for age, sex, headache frequency, depression, and anxiety, signifying that higher levels of photophobia were associated with worse sleep-related outcomes. Conversely, photophilia scores were associated with better sleep-related outcomes for SQ (p < 0.007), SOL (p = 0.010), and insomnia (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION Results suggest that photophobia is a significant predictor of poor sleep quality and sleep disturbances in migraine. These results underscore the necessity for comprehensive and systematic investigations into the intricate interplay between photophobia and sleep to enhance our understanding and develop tailored solutions for individuals with migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sharp
- The Design School, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Mark J Burish
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen B Digre
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Department of Neurology, John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jessica Ailani
- Department of Neurology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mahya Fani
- The Design School, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Sophia Lamp
- Psychology Department, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Todd J Schwedt
- Neurology Department, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Mattam S, Thomas RH, Akansha EO, Jathanna JS, Poojary RR, Sarpangala S, Jose J, Theruveethi N. Influence of white-light-emitting diodes on primary visual cortex layer 5 pyramidal neurons (V1L5PNs) and remodeling by blue-light-blocking lenses. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:118. [PMID: 38416231 PMCID: PMC10901925 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Studies have explored the consequences of excessive exposure to white-light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the retina. Hence, we aimed to assess the implications of such exposure on structural alterations of the visual cortex, learning and memory, and amelioration by blue-light-blocking lenses (BBLs). Eight-week-old Wistar rats (n = 24) were used for the experiment and divided into four groups (n = 6 in each group) as control, white LED light exposure (LE), BBL Crizal Prevencia-1 (CP), and DuraVision Blue-2 (DB). Animals in the exposure group were exposed to white LED directly for 28 days (12:12-h light/dark cycle), whereas animals in the BBL groups were exposed to similar light with BBLs attached to the LEDs. Post-exposure, a Morris water maze was performed for memory retention, followed by structural analysis of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the visual cortex. We observed a significant difference (P < 0.001) in the functional test on day 1 and day 2 of training in the LE group. Structural analysis of Golgi-Cox-stained visual cortex layer 5 pyramidal neurons showed significant alterations in the apical and basal branching points (p < 0.001) and basal intersection points (p < 0.001) in the LE group. Post hoc analysis revealed significant changes between (p < 0.001) LE and CP and (p < 0.001) CP and DB groups. Constant and cumulative exposure to white LEDs presented with structural and functional alterations in the visual cortex, which are partly remodeled by BBLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmitha Mattam
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
- Sankara College of Optometry, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - R Huban Thomas
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Elizebeth O Akansha
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, USA
| | - Judith S Jathanna
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Radhika R Poojary
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Shailaja Sarpangala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Judy Jose
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Nagarajan Theruveethi
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
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Chen R, Yan Y, Cheng X. Circadian light therapy and light dose for depressed young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1257093. [PMID: 38259764 PMCID: PMC10800803 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1257093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Empirical evidence has shown that light therapy (LT) can reduce depression symptoms by stimulating circadian rhythms. However, there is skepticism and inconclusive results, along with confusion regarding dosing. The purpose of this study is to quantify light as a stimulus for the circadian system and create a dose-response relationship that can help reduce maladies among adolescents and young adults (AYAs). This will provide a reference for light exposure and neural response, which are crucial in the neuropsychological mechanism of light intervention. The study also aims to provide guidance for clinical application. Methods The latest quantitative model of CLA (circadian light) and CSt,f (circadian stimulus) was adopted to quantify light dose for circadian phototransduction in youth depression-related light therapy. Articles published up to 2023 through Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Medline (OVID), CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Embase, and Scholars were retrieved. A meta-analysis of 31 articles (1,031 subjects) was performed using Stata17.0, CMA3.0 (comprehensive meta-analysis version 3.0) software, and Python 3.9 platform for light therapy efficacy comparison and dose-response quantification. Results Under various circadian stimulus conditions (0.1 < CSt,f < 0.7) of light therapy (LT), malady reductions among AYAs were observed (pooled SMD = -1.59, 95%CI = -1.86 to -1.32; z = -11.654, p = 0.000; I2 = 92.8%), with temporal pattern (p = 0.044) and co-medication (p = 0.000) suggested as main heterogeneity sources. For the efficacy advantage of LT with a higher circadian stimulus that is assumed to be influenced by visualization, co-medication, disease severity, and time pattern, sets of meta-analysis among random-controlled trials (RCTs) found evidence for significant efficacy of circadian-active bright light therapy (BLT) over circadian-inactive dim red light (SMD = -0.65, 95% CI = -0.96 to -0.34; z = -4.101, p = 0.000; I2 = 84.9%) or circadian-active dimmer white light (SMD = -0.37, 95% CI = -0.68 to -0.06; z = -2.318, p = 0.02; I2 = 33.8%), whereas green-blue, circadian-active BLT showed no significant superiority over circadian-inactive red/amber light controls (SMD = -0.21, 95% CI = -0.45 to 0.04; z = -2.318, p = 0.099; I2 = 0%). Overall, circadian-active BLT showed a greater likelihood of clinical response than dim light controls, with increased superiority observed with co-medication. For pre-to-post-treatment amelioration and corresponding dose-response relationship, cumulative duration was found more influential than other categorical (co-medication, severity, study design) or continuous (CSt,f) variables. Dose-response fitting indicated that the therapeutic effect would reach saturation among co-medicated patients at 32-42 days (900-1,000 min) and 58-59 days (1,100-1,500 min) among non-medicated AYAs. When exerting high circadian stimulus of light therapy (0.6 < CSt,f < 0.7), there was a significantly greater effect size in 1,000-1,500 min of accumulative duration than <1,000 or >1,500 min of duration, indicating a threshold for practical guidance. Limitations The results have been based on limited samples and influenced by a small sample effect. The placebo effect could not be ignored. Conclusions Although the superiority of LT with higher circadian stimulus over dimmer light controls remains unproven, greater response potentials of circadian-active BLT have been noticed among AYAs, taking co-medication, disease severity, time pattern, and visual characteristics into consideration. The dose-response relationship with quantified circadian stimulus and temporal pattern had been elaborated under various conditions to support clinical depression treatment and LT device application in the post-pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranpeng Chen
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yonghong Yan
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Erren TC, Morfeld P. Circadian epidemiology: Structuring circadian causes of disease and practical implications. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:38-52. [PMID: 38047448 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2288219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
That disruptions of the body's internal clockwork can lead to negative health consequences, including cancer, is a plausible hypothesis. Yet, despite strong mechanistic and animal support, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) experts considered epidemiological evidence as limited regarding the carcinogenicity of "shift-work involving circadian disruption" (2007) and "night shift work" (2019). We use directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to outline a concept of circadian causes that discloses challenges when choosing appropriate exposure variables. On this basis, we propose to move beyond shift-work alone as a direct cause of disease. Instead, quantifying chronodisruption as individual doses can lead to interpretable circadian epidemiology. The hypothesis is that doses of chronodisruption cause disrupted circadian organisation by leading to desynchronization of circadian rhythms. Chronodisruption can be conceptualized as the split physiological nexus of internal and external times. Biological (or internal) night - an individual's intrinsically favoured sleep time window - could be the backbone of circadian epidemiology. In practice, individual doses that cause disrupted circadian organisation are derived from the intersection of time intervals of being awake and an individual's biological night. After numerous studies counted work shifts, chronobiology may now advance circadian epidemiology with more specific dose estimation - albeit with greater challenges in measurement (time-dependent individual data) and analysis (time-dependent confounding).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Erren
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Peter Morfeld
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
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Harris D, Baker E, Svacina J, Funderburk L. A Systematic Approach to Evidence-Based Design for Measurable Health and Wellness Outcomes: Curating and Translating Evidence to Practice. HERD-HEALTH ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH & DESIGN JOURNAL 2024; 17:17-29. [PMID: 37919935 DOI: 10.1177/19375867231209335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluating evidence from peer-review literature for use in evidence-based design is often challenging for the design disciplines, requiring access to the peer-reviewed literature, expertise in evaluating methods and findings, and translating the results into actionable design and operational recommendations. PURPOSE The purpose of this methods paper is to elucidate the process for systematic evaluation of research to translate evidence into practical application to improve design for occupant health and wellness. BACKGROUND Researchers have found strong connections in environmental design influence on health and wellness that have proven to be substantiative in the effort to improve health and well-being. Design has the capacity to encourage healthy choices and decisions within the built environment. Translation of evidence into applied design solutions may improve public health. METHODS A protocol is presented that culminates in the translation of evidence into design recommendations focused on improving occupant health. The protocol includes preparation for the literature search and review, search strategy, study selection, data analysis, and development of the literature review. RESULTS After evaluation of the evidence is completed, there were several positive findings in the example that stakeholders could utilize to improve the health of building occupants with programs and design to support nutrition, physical activity, and circadian entrainment. CONCLUSIONS There are a variety of software tools and processes to utilize in the curation of evidence to improve the built environment with relevant design recommendations and operational considerations affecting the personal, social, and economic health of our society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Harris
- Interior Design, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Erich Baker
- Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | | | - LesLee Funderburk
- Nutrition Sciences, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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13
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Figueiro MG, Pedler D, Plitnick B, Zecena E, Leahy S. Tailored lighting intervention (TLI) for improving sleep-wake cycles in older adults living with dementia. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1290678. [PMID: 38169838 PMCID: PMC10759231 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1290678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sleep disturbance is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, and caregiver stress caused by patients' nighttime wandering, injuries, and agitation are frequently at the root of decisions to move them to assisted living facilities, where typically dim institutional lighting can further exacerbate their sleep problems. This study explored the effects of a circadian-effective lighting intervention on actigraphic sleep measures and subjective assessments of sleep disturbance, depression, and sleep-disturbed behaviors. Methods: Fourteen older adult (≥60 years) participants (11 females, mean age = 84.1 [SD 8.9]), all diagnosed with moderate to severe dementia and sleep disturbance, were recruited from 3 assisted living and memory care facilities. Following a crossover, placebo-controlled design, 3 different lighting modes were used to deliver high levels of circadian stimulus to the participants' eyes for two 8-week intervention periods in a counter balanced order with a 4-week washout between the study's 2 conditions (dim light control vs. active intervention). Actigraphy and questionnaire data were collected over 7-day assessment periods that preceded (baseline weeks 1 and 9) and concluded (post-intervention week 9 and 22) the intervention periods. Actigraphic outcomes included sleep duration, sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep start time, and sleep end time. Subjective assessments included the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Sleep Disorders Inventory (SDI) instruments. Results: Under the active condition, sleep duration significantly (p = 0.018) increased and sleep start time significantly (p = 0.012) advanced after the intervention compared to baseline. Also under the active condition, PSQI (p = 0.012), CSDD (p = 0.007), Sleep Disorders Inventory frequency (p = 0.015), and SDI severity (p = 0.015) scores were significantly lower after the intervention compared to baseline. Discussion: This study demonstrates that a circadian-effective lighting intervention delivering bright days and dark nights improves measures of sleep and mood in dementia patients living in controlled environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G. Figueiro
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Light and Health Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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14
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Ghaeili Ardabili N, Wang J, Wang N. A systematic literature review: building window's influence on indoor circadian health. RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2023; 188:113796. [PMID: 37927424 PMCID: PMC10621328 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2023.113796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Light has been shown to have a non-visual impact on the biological aspects of human health, particularly on circadian rhythms. Building windows are a potential means of regulating daylight conditions for circadian health and well-being. As a result of advancements in window and glazing technologies and variations in outdoor solar/sky conditions, understanding daylight's spectral characteristics, which pass through building window systems, is complex. Therefore, a systematic review and summary of the knowledge and evidence available regarding windows' impact on human circadian health is necessary. This study provides an overview of research in this domain, compares approaches and evaluation metrics, and underscores the importance of window parameters' influence on circadian health. Published studies available on various online databases since 2012 were evaluated. The findings of this study define a holistic approach to the melanopic performance of windows and provide an overview of current knowledge regarding the effect of windows on circadian health. Additionally, this work identifies future research directions based on the studies reviewed. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the impact of windows on circadian health, which has implications for the design and construction of buildings in ways that support indoor human health and well-being from the circadian light adequacy perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Ghaeili Ardabili
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College (USA)
| | - J. Wang
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College (USA)
| | - N. Wang
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College (USA)
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15
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Goel A, Moinuddin A, Tiwari R, Sethi Y, Suhail MK, Mohan A, Kaka N, Sarthi P, Dutt R, Ahmad SF, Attia SM, Emran TB, Chopra H, Greig NH. Effect of Smartphone Use on Sleep in Undergraduate Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2891. [PMID: 37958035 PMCID: PMC10649238 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11212891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Smartphone use, particularly at night, has been shown to provoke various circadian sleep-wake rhythm disorders such as insomnia and excessive daytime tiredness. This relationship has been mainly scrutinized among patient groups with higher rates of smartphone usage, particularly adolescents and children. However, it remains obscure how smartphone usage impacts sleep parameters in adults, especially undergraduate college students. This study sought to (1) investigate the association between smartphone use (actual screen time) and four sleep parameters: Pittsburgh sleep quality score (PSQI), self-reported screen time, bedtime, and rise time; (2) compare the seven PSQI components between good and poor sleep quality subjects. In total, 264 undergraduate medical students (aged 17 to 25 years) were recruited from the Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, India. All participants completed a sleep questionnaire, which was electronically shared via a WhatsApp invitation link. Hierarchical and multinomial regression analyses were performed in relation to (1) and (2). The average PSQI score was 5.03 ± 0.86, with approximately one in two respondents (48.3%) having a poor sleep index. Smartphone use significantly predicted respondents' PSQI score (β = 0.142, p = 0.040, R2 = 0.027), perceived screen time (β = 0.113, p = 0.043, R2 = 343), bedtime (β = 0.106, p = 0.042, R2 = 045), and rise time (β = 0.174, p = 0.015, R2 = 0.028). When comparing poor-quality sleep (PSQI ≥ 5) to good-quality sleep (PSQI < 5), with good-quality sleep as the reference, except sleep efficiency and sleep medications (p > 0.05), five PSQI components declined significantly: subjective sleep quality (β = -0.096, p < 0.001); sleep latency (β = -0.034, p < 0.001); sleep duration (β = -0.038, p < 0.001); sleep disturbances (β = 1.234, p < 0.001); and sleep dysfunction (β = -0.077, p < 0.001). Consequently, public health policymakers should take this evidence into account when developing guidelines around smartphone use-i.e., the when, where, and how much smartphone use-to promote improved sleep behaviour and reduce the rate of sleep-wake rhythm disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Goel
- Graphic Era Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun 248008, Uttarakhand, India; (A.G.); (R.D.)
| | - Arsalan Moinuddin
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester GL50 2RH, UK
| | - Rajesh Tiwari
- Gautam Buddha Chikitsa Mahavidyalaya, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Yashendra Sethi
- Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India;
- PearResearch, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India;
| | | | - Aditi Mohan
- Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Government Institute of Medical Science and Research, Srinagar 246174, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Nirja Kaka
- PearResearch, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India;
- GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar 382012, Gujarat, India
| | - Parth Sarthi
- Rajkiya Medical College, Jalaun 395001, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Ravi Dutt
- Graphic Era Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun 248008, Uttarakhand, India; (A.G.); (R.D.)
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.F.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Sabry M. Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.F.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA;
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Blackwell TL, Figueiro MG, Tranah GJ, Zeitzer JM, Yaffe K, Ancoli-Israel S, Kado DM, Ensrud KE, Lane NE, Leng Y, Stone KL. Associations of 24-Hour Light Exposure and Activity Patterns and Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Decline in Older Men: The MrOS Sleep Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1834-1843. [PMID: 36156079 PMCID: PMC10562886 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older men with the worse alignment of activity and light may have lower levels of cognition and increased rates of cognitive decline. METHODS This cohort consisted of 1 036 older men (81.1 ± 4.6 years) from the MrOS Sleep Study (2009-2012). Light and activity levels were gathered by wrist actigraphy. Phasor analysis was used to quantify the alignment of light-dark and rest-activity patterns (magnitude) and their temporal relationship (angle). Global cognitive function (Modified Mini-Mental State examination [3MS]) and executive function (Trails B test) were measured, then repeated 4.2 ± 0.8 years later. Linear regression models examined the associations of phasor magnitude and angle with cognition and cognitive decline. Models were adjusted for age, clinic, race, education, and season. RESULTS Smaller phasor magnitude (worse aligned light and activity patterns) was associated with lower initial level and increased decline in executive function. Compared to those with higher phasor magnitude, those with lower magnitude took an average of 11.1 seconds longer to complete the Trails B test (quartile 1 vs quartile 4, p = .02). After follow-up, Trails B completion time increased an average of 5.5 seconds per standard deviation decrease in phasor magnitude (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.7-10.4, p = .03). There were no associations with phasor angle, and none with magnitude and global cognition (3MS). CONCLUSION Among older men, worse alignment of light and activity patterns was associated with worse initial performance and increased decline in executive function, but not related to global cognition. Interventions that improve the alignment of light and activity may slow cognitive decline in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri L Blackwell
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California,USA
| | - Mariana G Figueiro
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Light and Health Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gregory J Tranah
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California,USA
| | - Jamie M Zeitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Sleep and Circadian Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, California,USA
- the San Francisco VA Medical Center
| | - Sonia Ancoli-Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Deborah M Kado
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California and VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Kristine E Ensrud
- Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nancy E Lane
- Department of Medicine, Center for Musculoskeletal Health, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California,USA
| | - Yue Leng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California,USA
| | - Katie L Stone
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California,USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California,USA
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Cao S, Shang Z, Li X, Luo H, Sun L, Jiang M, Du J, Fu E, Ma J, Li N, Guo B, Yu X, Lv B, Wang J. Cloudy or sunny? Effects of different environmental types of urban green spaces on public physiological and psychological health under two weather conditions. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1258848. [PMID: 37701912 PMCID: PMC10493420 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1258848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that urban green spaces (UGSs) benefit human health, but few have focused on the influence of weather on environmental restorativeness. This study assessed how different weather conditions and environments affect human health. We exposed 50 participants to different UGS environments under cloudy and sunny conditions and collected physiological, psychological and aesthetic preference data. The result showed that the physical and mental benefits of UGSs were stronger on sunny days (pulse: [t = 2.169, p < 0.05]; positive affect: [Z = -10.299, p < 0.001]; perceived restortiveness: [Z = -3.224, p < 0.01]). The spaces with exposed sky had greater physiological restorativeness on sunny days; the spaces with calm water had greater emotional restorativeness on cloudy days, and natural spaces with less sky exposure had greater perceived restoration in both weather conditions. The spaces with water and less sky exposure promoted psychophysiological restoration in both weather conditions. This study demonstrates that weather significantly influences the restorative potential of UGSs, and there are also restorative variations in different green space environments under two weather conditions. In future UGS planning practices, it would be advisable to select appropriate environmental types and features based on the climatic characteristics of different regions. For instance, in areas with frequent overcast conditions, incorporating serene water bodies could be advantageous, while regions with predominantly sunny weather should encompass spaces with expansive sky views. By conducting comprehensive research on restoration environments that take weather conditions into account, new insights and nature-based solutions can be provided for creating healthy human habitats in the context of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saixin Cao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zike Shang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingxia Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyan Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Du
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Erkang Fu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nian Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Baimeng Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingyang Lv
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinde Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Zhong C, Yin X, Fallah-Shorshani M, Islam T, McConnell R, Fruin S, Franklin M. Disparities in greenspace associated with sleep duration among adolescent children in Southern California. Environ Epidemiol 2023; 7:e264. [PMID: 37545810 PMCID: PMC10402945 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
More than half of adolescent children do not get the recommended 8 hours of sleep necessary for optimal growth and development. In adults, several studies have evaluated effects of urban stressors including lack of greenspace, air pollution, noise, nighttime light, and psychosocial stress on sleep duration. Little is known about these effects in adolescents, however, it is known that these exposures vary by socioeconomic status (SES). We evaluated the association between several environmental exposures and sleep in adolescent children in Southern California. Methods In 2010, a total of 1476 Southern California Children's Health Study (CHS) participants in grades 9 and 10 (mean age, 13.4 years; SD, 0.6) completed a questionnaire including topics on sleep and psychosocial stress. Exposures to greenspace, artificial light at night (ALAN), nighttime noise, and air pollution were estimated at each child's residential address, and SES was characterized by maternal education. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for sleep outcomes were estimated by environmental exposure, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, home secondhand smoke, and SES. Results An interquartile range (IQR) increase in greenspace decreased the odds of not sleeping at least 8 hours (odds ratio [OR], 0.86 [95% CI, 0.71, 1.05]). This association was significantly protective in low SES participants (OR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.60, 0.98]) but not for those with high SES (OR, 1.16 [95%CI, 0.80, 1.70]), interaction P = 0.03. Stress mediated 18.4% of the association among low SES participants. Conclusions Residing in urban neighborhoods of greater greenness was associated with improved sleep duration among children of low SES but not higher SES. These findings support the importance of widely reported disparities in exposure and access to greenspace in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Zhong
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiaozhe Yin
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Masoud Fallah-Shorshani
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Talat Islam
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott Fruin
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Meredith Franklin
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Statistical Sciences and School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Siraji MA, Spitschan M, Kalavally V, Haque S. Light exposure behaviors predict mood, memory and sleep quality. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12425. [PMID: 37528146 PMCID: PMC10394000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ample research has shown that light influences our emotions, cognition, and sleep quality. However, little work has examined whether different light exposure-related behaviors, such as daytime exposure to electric light and nighttime usage of gadgets, especially before sleep, influence sleep quality and cognition. Three-hundred-and-one Malaysian adults (MeanAge±SD = 28 ± 9) completed the Light Exposure Behavior Assessment tool that measured five light exposure behaviors. They also completed the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and single items assessing trouble in memory and concentration. A partial least square structural equation model, showing 72.72% predictive power, revealed that less use of wearable blue filters outdoors during the day and more within one hour before sleep predicted early peak time (direct effect = -0.25). Increased time spent outdoors predicted a positive affect (direct effect = 0.33) and a circadian phase advancement (direct effect: rising time = 0.14, peak time = 0.20, retiring time = 0.17). Increased use of mobile phone before sleep predicted a circadian phase delay (direct effect: retiring time = -0.25; rising time = -0.23; peak time = -0.22; morning affect = -0.12), reduced sleep quality (direct effect = 0.13), and increased trouble in memory and concentration (total effect = 0.20 and 0.23, respectively). Increased use of tunable, LED, or dawn-simulating electric light in the morning and daytime predicted a circadian phase advancement (direct effect: peak time = 0.15, morning affect = 0.14, retiring time = 0.15) and good sleep quality (direct effect = -0.16). The results provide valuable insights into developing a healthy light diet to promote health and wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiqul Anwar Siraji
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences and Intelligent Lighting Laboratory, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Manuel Spitschan
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Translational Sensory & Circadian Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences (TUM SG), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vineetha Kalavally
- Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering and Intelligent Lighting Laboratory, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Haque
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences and Intelligent Lighting Laboratory, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Kropman D, Appel-Meulenbroek R, Bergefurt L, LeBlanc P. The business case for a healthy office; a holistic overview of relations between office workspace design and mental health. ERGONOMICS 2023; 66:658-675. [PMID: 35913263 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2108905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The role of the physical workspace in employee mental health is often overlooked. As a (mentally) healthy workforce is vital for an organisation's success, it is important to optimise office workspace conditions. Previous studies on the effects of the physical workspace on mental health tended to focus on the effects of a specific element of the physical workspace on one or only a few mental health indicators. This study takes a more holistic approach by addressing the relationship of physical workspace characteristics with ten broad indicators of work-related mental health. Results of a systematic review of empirical evidence show that many aspects of (day)light, office layout/design, and temperature and thermal comfort have been proven to be related to many mental health indicators. Less tacit workspace characteristics (e.g., noise, use of colours) have been explored too, but so far have only been related to a few mental health indicators.Practitioner summary: The absence of holistic insights regarding the empirical proof of the effects of workspace design on employee mental health prevents a clear business case for workplace investments. This paper presents a content analysis of existing studies and shows how seven elements of workspace design relate to 10 mental health indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Kropman
- Department of the Built Environment, Unit Urban Systems and Real Estate, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Rianne Appel-Meulenbroek
- Department of the Built Environment, Unit Urban Systems and Real Estate, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Lisanne Bergefurt
- Department of the Built Environment, Unit Urban Systems and Real Estate, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Pascale LeBlanc
- Department of Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences, Human Performance Management Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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Reynolds CL, Tan A, Elliott JE, Tinsley CE, Wall R, Kaye JA, Silbert LC, Lim MM. Remote Spectral Light Sensing in the Home Environment: Further Development of the TWLITE Study Concept. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4134. [PMID: 37112473 PMCID: PMC10143576 DOI: 10.3390/s23084134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a significant contributor to changes in sleep patterns, which has compounding consequences on cognitive health. A modifiable factor contributing to poor sleep is inadequate and/or mistimed light exposure. However, methods to reliably and continuously collect light levels long-term in the home, a necessity for informing clinical guidance, are not well established. We explored the feasibility and acceptability of remote deployment and the fidelity of long-term data collection for both light levels and sleep within participants' homes. The original TWLITE study utilized a whole-home tunable lighting system, while the current project is an observational study of the light environment already existing in the home. This was a longitudinal, observational, prospective pilot study involving light sensors remotely deployed in the homes of healthy adults (n = 16, mean age: 71.7 years, standard deviation: 5.0 years) who were co-enrolled in the existing Collaborative Aging (in Place) Research Using Technology (CART) sub-study within the Oregon Center for Aging and Technology (ORCATECH). For 12 weeks, light levels were recorded via light sensors (ActiWatch Spectrum), nightly sleep metrics were recorded via mattress-based sensors, and daily activity was recorded via wrist-based actigraphy. Feasibility and acceptability outcomes indicated that participants found the equipment easy to use and unobtrusive. This proof-of-concept, feasibility/acceptability study provides evidence that light sensors can be remotely deployed to assess relationships between light exposure and sleep among older adults, paving the way for measurement of light levels in future studies examining lighting interventions to improve sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L. Reynolds
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Aylmer Tan
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jonathan E. Elliott
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research Service, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Carolyn E. Tinsley
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research Service, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Rachel Wall
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research Service, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Lisa C. Silbert
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Neurology, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Miranda M. Lim
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Neurology, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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22
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Diver WR, Figueiro MG, Rea MS, Hodge JM, Flanders WD, Zhong C, Patel AV, Gapstur SM. Evaluation of a Novel Ambient Light Survey Question in the Cancer Prevention Study-3. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3658. [PMID: 36834353 PMCID: PMC9959116 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nighttime light exposure may increase cancer risk by disrupting the circadian system. However, there is no well-established survey method for measuring ambient light. In the Cancer Prevention Study-3, 732 men and women answered a light survey based on seven environments. The light environment in the past year was assessed twice, one year apart, and four one-week diaries were collected between the annual surveys. A total of 170 participants wore a meter to measure photopic illuminance and circadian stimulus (CS). Illuminance and CS values were estimated for lighting environments from measured values and evaluated with a cross validation approach. The kappas for self-reported light environment comparing the two annual surveys were 0.61 on workdays and 0.49 on non-workdays. Kappas comparing the annual survey to weekly diaries were 0.71 and 0.57 for work and non-workdays, respectively. Agreement was highest for reporting of darkness (95.3%), non-residential light (86.5%), and household light (75.6%) on workdays. Measured illuminance and CS identified three peaks of light (darkness, indoor lighting, and outdoor daytime light). Estimated illuminance and CS were correlated with the measured values overall (r = 0.77 and r = 0.67, respectively) but were less correlated within each light environment (r = 0.23-0.43). The survey has good validity to assess ambient light for studies of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Ryan Diver
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Mariana G. Figueiro
- Light and Health Research Center, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Mark S. Rea
- Light and Health Research Center, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - James M. Hodge
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - W. Dana Flanders
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Charlie Zhong
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Alpa V. Patel
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Susan M. Gapstur
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
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23
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Chronobiological parameters as predictors of early treatment response in major depression. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:679-688. [PMID: 36481230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in circadian system organization have been related to major depressive disorder manifestations. This study aimed to evaluate chronobiological parameters, such as sleep, levels of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, and others derived from actimetry as potential predictors of adequate treatment response in MDD. METHODS 98 adult women with confirmed diagnosis of MDD were included. Participants completed standard questionnaires (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - HAM-D; Munich Chronotype Questionnaire - MCTQ) at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment. Urinary samples for assessing 6-sulfatoxymelatonin were collected on the day before and immediately after pharmacological treatment administration, and 28 continuous days of actigraphy data were collected during the protocol. Participants were classified into Responder (R) or Non-responder (NR) to antidepressant treatment in 4 weeks (early responder), which was characterized by a ≥50 % decrease in the HAM-D score. RESULTS The following biological rhythms variables significantly predicted a better treatment response in a model controlling for age, sex, and previous treatments: higher levels of activity (M10 - average activity in the 10 most active hours within the 24 h-day) and an earlier center of the 10 most active hours (M10c), as well as lower intradaily variability (IV) of light exposure. Sleep parameters and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels did not associate with treatment response prediction. LIMITATION Actimetry data were not assessed before changing in the treatment plan. CONCLUSION Different patterns in activity and light exposure might be linked to early antidepressant response.
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24
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Meléndez-Fernández OH, Liu JA, Nelson RJ. Circadian Rhythms Disrupted by Light at Night and Mistimed Food Intake Alter Hormonal Rhythms and Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3392. [PMID: 36834801 PMCID: PMC9963929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Availability of artificial light and light-emitting devices have altered human temporal life, allowing 24-hour healthcare, commerce and production, and expanding social life around the clock. However, physiology and behavior that evolved in the context of 24 h solar days are frequently perturbed by exposure to artificial light at night. This is particularly salient in the context of circadian rhythms, the result of endogenous biological clocks with a rhythm of ~24 h. Circadian rhythms govern the temporal features of physiology and behavior, and are set to precisely 24 h primarily by exposure to light during the solar day, though other factors, such as the timing of meals, can also affect circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms are significantly affected by night shift work because of exposure to nocturnal light, electronic devices, and shifts in the timing of meals. Night shift workers are at increased risk for metabolic disorder, as well as several types of cancer. Others who are exposed to artificial light at night or late mealtimes also show disrupted circadian rhythms and increased metabolic and cardiac disorders. It is imperative to understand how disrupted circadian rhythms alter metabolic function to develop strategies to mitigate their negative effects. In this review, we provide an introduction to circadian rhythms, physiological regulation of homeostasis by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and SCN-mediated hormones that display circadian rhythms, including melatonin and glucocorticoids. Next, we discuss circadian-gated physiological processes including sleep and food intake, followed by types of disrupted circadian rhythms and how modern lighting disrupts molecular clock rhythms. Lastly, we identify how disruptions to hormones and metabolism can increase susceptibility to metabolic syndrome and risk for cardiovascular diseases, and discuss various strategies to mitigate the harmful consequences associated with disrupted circadian rhythms on human health.
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25
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Cupertino MDC, Guimarães BT, Pimenta JFG, Almeida LVLD, Santana LN, Ribeiro TA, Santana YN. LIGHT POLLUTION: a systematic review about the impacts of artificial light on human health. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2022.2151763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marli Do Carmo Cupertino
- Medical School, Faculdade Dinâmica do Vale do Piranga, Ponte Nova, Brazil
- Laboratory of Epidemiological and Computational Methods in Health, Department of Medicine, and Nursing, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuri Nunes Santana
- Medical School, Faculdade Dinâmica do Vale do Piranga, Ponte Nova, Brazil
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26
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Gupta P, Martin JL, Malhotra A, Bergstrom J, Grandner MA, Kamdar BB. Circadian rest-activity misalignment in critically ill medical intensive care unit patients. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13587. [PMID: 35388552 PMCID: PMC9489597 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Circadian alignment of rest-activity rhythms is an essential biological process that may be vulnerable to misalignment in critically ill patients. We evaluated circadian rest-activity rhythms in critically ill patients and their association with baseline (e.g. age) and clinical (e.g. mechanical ventilation status) variables, along with intensive care unit light-dark cycles. Using wrist actigraphy, we collected 48-hr activity and light exposure data from critically ill patients in a tertiary care medical intensive care unit. We evaluated circadian rest-activity rhythms using COSINOR and non-parametric circadian rhythm analysis models, and stratified these data across baseline and clinical variables. We used linear regression to evaluate the association of circadian rest-activity and light-dark exposure rhythms. In COSINOR and non-parametric circadian rhythm analysis analyses, the 34 medical intensive care unit patients completing 48-hr actigraphy recordings exhibited mean MESOR (mean activity levels of a fitted curve) and amplitudes of 0.50 ± 0.32 and 0.20 ± 0.19 movements per 30-s epoch, with high interdaily variability. Patients who were older, mechanically ventilated, sedated, restrained and with higher organ failure scores tended to exhibit greater circadian rest-activity misalignment, with three of 34 (9%) patients exhibiting no circadian rhythmicity. Circadian light-dark exposure misalignment was observed as well and was associated with rest-activity misalignment (p = 0.03). Critically ill patients in our MICU experienced profound circadian rest-activity misalignment, with mostly weak or absent rhythms, along with circadian light-dark exposure misalignment. Potentially modifiable factors contributing to rest-activity misalignment (i.e. mechanical ventilation, restraints, low daytime light levels) highlight possible targets for future improvement efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Gupta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Martin
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jaclyn Bergstrom
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael A. Grandner
- Sleep and Health Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Biren B. Kamdar
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
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27
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Lee H, Kim J, Moon J, Jung S, Jo Y, Kim B, Ryu E, Bahn S. A study on the changes in life habits, mental health, and sleep quality of college students due to COVID-19. Work 2022; 73:777-786. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-220112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In early 2020, the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic necessitated changes in social behavior to prevent its spread, including holding online classes, implementing social distancing, and allowing employees to telecommute. However, these changes have had a negative impact on people’s sleep patterns and mental health, particularly for college students. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the relationship between mental health and sleep quality according to the changes in lifestyle of college students in the periods before and after COVID-19. METHODS: The study subjects were 164 college students from Korea who had both face-to-face and non-face-to-face college experiences before and after COVID-19. The experiment was conducted using a Google survey, and the participants were recruited from the college community. The general features and lifestyle habits for the individuals were assessed using the AUDIT-K, Delphi method, KGHQ (General Mental Health Scale), and PSQI-K (Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index). RESULTS: The KGHQ and PSQI scores increased with the spread of COVID-19, which means that the mental health and sleep quality of college students deteriorated. 11 categories of variables were further investigated to evaluate changes in lifestyle, and the results indicate significant changes in the number of private meetings per week, monthly drinking, outdoor activity time, electronic device usage time, weekly food delivery, weekly late-night snacks, daily snacks, and daily coffee intake and no significant changes in exercise, smoking, and fast food intake. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 caused many changes in the lifestyle of college students, which adversely affected mental health and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejoo Lee
- Industrial and Management System Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Kim
- Industrial and Management System Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihwan Moon
- Industrial and Management System Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyeop Jung
- Industrial and Management System Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Younhwan Jo
- Industrial and Management System Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongmin Kim
- Industrial and Management System Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseo Ryu
- Industrial and Management System Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Bahn
- Industrial and Management System Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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28
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Bullock B, Learmonth C, Davis H, Al Mahmud A. Mobile phone sleep self-management applications for early start shift workers: A scoping review of the literature. Front Public Health 2022; 10:936736. [PMID: 36033744 PMCID: PMC9399454 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.936736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor sleep has significant impacts on both mental and physical well-being. This is especially the case for shift workers who rely on good sleep practices to manage the disruption caused by their working conditions. In recent years there has been a proliferation of sleep-focused mobile phone applications, some of which may be suitable for use by shift workers. There is limited evidence however, on whether these applications are sufficient in managing the sleep needs of the early start shift working population (i.e., those whose work schedules begin pre-dawn). This scoping review aims to identify and discuss peer-reviewed literature on mobile sleep applications used by early start shift workers for sleep-self management. Four databases (Scopus, EBSCOhost, CINAHL and PsycInfo) were searched for relevant literature using a pre-determined search string. The initial search using the term early start shift work returned no papers, however a broadened search on shift work in general found 945 papers for title and abstract screening, of which 21 were deemed eligible for full text screening. Two of these papers met the inclusion criteria for this review. The results highlight, firstly, the paucity of research on the use of mobile phone applications for sleep self-management amongst early start shift workers, and secondly, the need for further research on the effectiveness of mobile applications for sleep self-management amongst shift workers in general. A working definition of early start shift work that can be used to stimulate research in this understudied population of shift workers is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Bullock
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia,*Correspondence: Ben Bullock
| | - Caitlin Learmonth
- Centre for Social Impact, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Hilary Davis
- Centre for Social Impact, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Abdullah Al Mahmud
- Centre for Design Innovation, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
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29
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Wong NA, Bahmani H. A review of the current state of research on artificial blue light safety as it applies to digital devices. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10282. [PMID: 36042717 PMCID: PMC9420367 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is necessary for human health and well-being. As we spend more time indoors, we are being increasingly exposed to artificial light. The development of artificial lighting has allowed us to control the brightness, colour, and timing of our light exposure. Yet, the widespread use of artificial light has raised concerns about the impact of altering our light environment on our health. The widespread adoption of personal digital devices over the past decade has exposed us to yet another source of artificial light. We spend a significant amount of time using digital devices with light-emitting screens, including smartphones and tablets, at close range. The light emitted from these devices, while appearing white, has an emission spectrum with a peak in the blue range. Blue light is often characterised as hazardous as its photon energy is higher than that of other wavelengths of visible light. Under certain conditions, visible blue light can cause harm to the retina and other ocular structures. Blue light can also influence the circadian rhythm and processes mediated by melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. While the blue component of sunlight is necessary for various physiological processes, whether the low-illuminance artificial blue light emitted from digital devices presents a risk to our health remains an ongoing area of debate. As technological advancements continue, it is relevant to understand how new devices may influence our well-being. This review examines the existing research on artificial blue light safety and the eye, visual performance, and circadian functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamed Bahmani
- Dopavision GmbH, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
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30
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Take the Right Seat: The Influence of Occupancy Schemes on Performance Indicators of Lighting in Open Plan Offices. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15093378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Work processes and sociological structures can differ significantly between organizations. These organizational aspects determine user behavior, which in turn exerts considerable influence on the key performance indicators of artificial lighting systems. Accordingly, the use of generalized assumptions about user behavior in the building design phase can lead to large discrepancies between design and operation. In the following work, the possible influences of different occupancy schemes, an essential aspect of user behavior and shaped by the organization, on energy demand and workplace-related daylight dose are evaluated. For this purpose, calculations are made based on real measurement data of an open-plan office with zoned lighting. Multi-level calculation models are used to determine improved user distributions in the room to ensure optimization according to the desired target criteria. The results show that occupancy schemes have a significant impact on energy demand, contributing significantly to overall building performance, but only slightly to workplace-related light exposure rates in terms of total daily light dose. A correlated influence on the target criteria could not be demonstrated, but given the minor influence on daily light dose, the optimization of planning and operation can be focused on energy efficiency.
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31
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Benedetti M, Maierová L, Cajochen C, Scartezzini JL, Münch M. Optimized office lighting advances melatonin phase and peripheral heat loss prior bedtime. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4267. [PMID: 35277539 PMCID: PMC8917232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving indoor lighting conditions at the workplace has the potential to support proper circadian entrainment of hormonal rhythms, sleep, and well-being. We tested the effects of optimized dynamic daylight and electric lighting on circadian phase of melatonin, cortisol and skin temperatures in office workers. We equipped one office room with an automated controller for blinds and electric lighting, optimized for dynamic lighting (= Test room), and a second room without any automated control (= Reference room). Young healthy participants (n = 34) spent five consecutive workdays in each room, where individual light exposure data, skin temperatures and saliva samples for melatonin and cortisol assessments were collected. Vertical illuminance in the Test room was 1177 ± 562 photopic lux (mean ± SD) , which was 320 lux higher than in the Reference room (p < 0.01). Melanopic equivalent daylight (D65) illuminance was 931 ± 484 melanopic lux in the Test room and 730 ± 390 melanopic lux in the Reference room (p < 0.01). Individual light exposures resulted in a 50 min earlier time of half-maximum accumulated illuminance in the Test than the Reference room (p < 0.05). The melatonin secretion onset and peripheral heat loss in the evening occurred significantly earlier with respect to habitual sleeptime in the Test compared to the Reference room (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that optimized dynamic workplace lighting has the potential to promote earlier melatonin onset and peripheral heat loss prior bedtime, which may be beneficial for persons with a delayed circadian timing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Benedetti
- Solar Energy and Building Physics Laboratory (LESO-PB), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Lenka Maierová
- University Centre for Energy Efficient Buildings (UCEEB), Czech Technical University in Prague, Trinecka 1024, 27343, Bustehrad, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Scartezzini
- Solar Energy and Building Physics Laboratory (LESO-PB), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Münch
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
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32
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33
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Reynaud E, Pottelette J, Rabot J, Rolling J, Royant-Parola S, Hartley S, Coutelle R, Schröder CM. Differential effects of COVID-related lockdown on sleep-wake rhythms in adults with autism spectrum disorder compared to the general population. Autism Res 2022; 15:945-956. [PMID: 35234355 PMCID: PMC9073973 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
COVID‐related lockdown led to a radical modification of daily activities and routines which are known to affect sleep. Compared to the general population, participants with autism may be particularly vulnerable to the repercussions of lockdown on sleep, given their intrinsic inflexible adherence to routines and the high overall prevalence of sleep disturbances in this population. The study is a French nation‐wide online survey assessing sleep–wake rhythms and behaviors known to affect sleep (daily screen time, daylight exposure, and physical activity), before and during COVID‐related lockdown. Respondents were 207 adults with autism (56% female) and 1652 adults of the general population (77% female), with a mean age 35.3 years (SD 11.3). Before lockdown, the adults with autism displayed on average later bedtime and waking hours, lower sleep quality, more evening screen time, less exposure to daylight, and less exercise (all p < 0.01). Lockdown affected all studied measures of sleep and related exposures in a similar way in both groups: poorer self‐rated sleep quality as well as a less regular and delayed sleep–wake rhythm, longer screen time in the evening and less exposure to daylight (all p < 0.001). Adults with autism displayed significantly higher levels of sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances and less favorable daily routines known to regulate sleep. While the effect of confinement on sleep and sleep related behaviors was similar in both groups, the results highlight that the pre‐existing shift in circadian rhythms and lifestyles in adults with ASD further deteriorated during lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Reynaud
- UPR3212 - Institute of cellular and intergrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR3212-Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Pottelette
- UPR3212 - Institute of cellular and intergrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR3212-Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France.,Expert Centre for High-Functioning Autism, Fondation FondaMental, Strasbourg, France.,Autism Ressource Centre 67, Strasbourg, France
| | - Juliette Rabot
- UPR3212 - Institute of cellular and intergrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR3212-Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France.,Expert Centre for High-Functioning Autism, Fondation FondaMental, Strasbourg, France.,Autism Ressource Centre 67, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Rolling
- UPR3212 - Institute of cellular and intergrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR3212-Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Sarah Hartley
- Réseau Morphée, Paris, France.,Physiologie et Explorations fonctionnelles, APHP Hospital Raymond Poincaré Paris, Garches, France
| | - Romain Coutelle
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France.,Expert Centre for High-Functioning Autism, Fondation FondaMental, Strasbourg, France.,Autism Ressource Centre 67, Strasbourg, France
| | - Carmen M Schröder
- UPR3212 - Institute of cellular and intergrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR3212-Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France.,Expert Centre for High-Functioning Autism, Fondation FondaMental, Strasbourg, France
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34
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Jurić P, Karuc J, Martinko A, Mišigoj-Duraković M, Sorić M. Does time of the day matter? Temporal associations between physical activity and quality and quantity of subsequent sleep in adolescents. Sleep Med 2022; 92:41-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Luo X, Ru T, Chen Q, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhou G. Influence of daytime blue-enriched bright light on heart rate variability in healthy subjects. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:826-835. [PMID: 35209793 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV), the indicator of the autonomic nervous system-induced modulation of heart rate, is a focal topic in psychophysiological research. The effect of indoor light on HRV may be related to various psychophysiological functions. The current study (N = 20) examined the response of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) to bright vs. dim blue-enriched light (1200 lx or 200 lx at eye level, 6500 K) exposure for five hours in the afternoon among healthy young adults. The results revealed a significant main effect of light condition on the time-domain indicators, with the significantly higher HRV (SDNN and RMSSD) under 200 lx versus 1200 lx condition, and the same case was revealed for the standard deviations of the Poincaré plot in non-linear effects. Conversely, no significant effects were revealed for the frequency- domain indicators of HRV measured with the subjects' eyes open. These findings suggested that the autonomic nervous system modulation of HRV was stronger under bright light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Luo
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taotao Ru
- Lab of Light and Physiopsychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwei Chen
- Lab of Light and Physiopsychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Li
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Lab of Light and Physiopsychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Lab of Light and Physiopsychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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36
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Hou D, Lin C, Lin Y. Diurnal Circadian Lighting Accumulation Model: A Predictor of the Human Circadian Phase Shift Phenotype. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 2:50-63. [PMID: 36939753 PMCID: PMC9590583 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-021-00039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Light is an important external factor that affects human circadian rhythms. This study aimed to explore the effects of different dimensions of diurnal light exposure on the physiological circadian phase shift (CPS) of the human body. A strict light exposure experiment with different timing schemes (8:00-12:00, 13:00-17:00, 18:00-22:00), durations (4 h, 8 h) and effective circadian stimulus levels (circadian stimulus: 0.35, 0.55) was performed in an enclosed laboratory. Fourteen participants, including seven males and seven females, with a mean age of 24.29 ± 2.43 (mean ± standard deviation), participated in this experiment and experienced all six lighting schemes. The results showed that both time factor (F 3,40 = 29.079, p < 0.001, the power of the sample size = 0.98) and circadian stimulus levels (T 20 = - 2.415, p = 0.025, the power of sample size = 0.76) significantly affect the CPS. On this basis, a diurnal circadian lighting accumulation (DCLA)-CPS model was proposed in the form of the Boltzmann function, and was validated by experimental data with high correlation (R 2 = 0.9320, RSS = 0.1184), which provides strong support for rationally arranging the light level at different times of the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Hou
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Institute of Future Lighting, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Caixin Lin
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yandan Lin
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
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37
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Processing RGB Color Sensors for Measuring the Circadian Stimulus of Artificial and Daylight Light Sources. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The three main tasks of modern lighting design are to support the visual performance, satisfy color emotion (color quality), and promote positive non-visual outcomes. In view of large-scale applications, the use of simple and inexpensive RGB color sensors to monitor related visual and non-visual illumination parameters seems to be of great promise for the future development of human-centered lighting control systems. In this context, the present work proposes a new methodology to assess the circadian effectiveness of the prevalent lighting conditions for daylight and artificial light sources in terms of the physiologically relevant circadian stimulus (CS) metric using such color sensors. In the case of daylight, the raw sensor readouts were processed in such a way that the CIE daylight model can be applied as an intermediate step to estimate its spectral composition, from which CS can eventually be calculated straightforwardly. Maximal CS prediction errors of less than 0.0025 were observed when tested on real data. For artificial light sources, on the other hand, the CS approximation method of Truong et al. was applied to estimate its circadian effectiveness from the sensor readouts. In this case, a maximal CS prediction error of 0.028 must be reported, which is considerably larger compared to daylight, but still in an acceptable range for typical indoor lighting applications. The use of RGB color sensors is thus shown to be suitable for estimating the circadian effectiveness of both types of illumination with sufficient accuracy for practical applications.
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38
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Park KM, Lee SE, Lee C, Hwang HD, Yoon DH, Choi E, Lee E. Prediction of good sleep with physical activity and light exposure: a preliminary study. J Clin Sleep Med 2022; 18:1375-1383. [PMID: 34989333 PMCID: PMC9059586 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Cognitive behavioral treatment for insomnia is performed under the premise that feedback provided by evaluation of sleep diaries written by patients will result in good sleep. The sleep diary is essential for behavior therapy and sleep hygiene education. However, limitations include subjectivity and laborious input. We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence sleep prediction model and to find factors associated with good sleep using a wrist-worn actigraphy device. METHODS We enrolled 109 participants who reported having no sleep disturbances. We developed a sleep prediction model using 733 days of actigraphy data of physical activity and light exposure. Twenty-four sleep prediction models were developed based on different data sources (actigraphy alone, sleep diary alone, or combined data), different durations of data (1 or 2 days), and different analysis methods (extreme gradient boosting, convolutional neural network, long short-term memory, logistic regression analysis). The outcome measure of "good sleep" was defined as ≥90% sleep efficiency. RESULTS Actigraphy model performance was comparable to sleep diary model performance. Two-day models generally performed better than 1-day models. Among all models, the 2-day, combined (actigraphy and sleep diary), extreme gradient boosting model had the best performance for predicting good sleep (accuracy=0.69, area under the curve=0.70). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggested that it is possible to develop automated sleep models with good predictive performance. Further research including patients with insomnia is needed for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Mee Park
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Health IT center, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hyun Duck Hwang
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hoon Yoon
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunchae Choi
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Lee
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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39
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Spitschan M, Smolders K, Vandendriessche B, Bent B, Bakker JP, Rodriguez-Chavez IR, Vetter C. Verification, analytical validation and clinical validation (V3) of wearable dosimeters and light loggers. Digit Health 2022; 8:20552076221144858. [PMID: 36601285 PMCID: PMC9806438 DOI: 10.1177/20552076221144858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Light exposure is an important driver and modulator of human physiology, behavior and overall health, including the biological clock, sleep-wake cycles, mood and alertness. Light can also be used as a directed intervention, e.g., in the form of light therapy in seasonal affective disorder (SAD), jetlag prevention and treatment, or to treat circadian disorders. Recently, a system of quantities and units related to the physiological effects of light was standardized by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE S 026/E:2018). At the same time, biometric monitoring technologies (BioMeTs) to capture personalized light exposure were developed. However, because there are currently no standard approaches to evaluate the digital dosimeters, the need to provide a firm framework for the characterization, calibration, and reporting for these digital sensors is urgent. Objective This article provides such a framework by applying the principles of verification, analytic validation and clinical validation (V3) as a state-of-the-art approach for tools and standards in digital medicine to light dosimetry. Results This article describes opportunities for the use of digital dosimeters for basic research, for monitoring light exposure, and for measuring adherence in both clinical and non-clinical populations to light-based interventions in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Spitschan
- Translational Sensory & Circadian Neuroscience, Max Planck
Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Chronobiology & Health, TUM Department of Sport and Health
Sciences (TUM SG), Technical University of
Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of
Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Karin Smolders
- Human-Technology Interaction Group, Eindhoven University of
Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Vandendriessche
- Byteflies, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado
Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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40
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Fernandez FX. Current Insights into Optimal Lighting for Promoting Sleep and Circadian Health: Brighter Days and the Importance of Sunlight in the Built Environment. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:25-39. [PMID: 35023979 PMCID: PMC8747801 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s251712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective considers the possibility that daytime's intrusion into night made possible by electric lighting may not be as pernicious to sleep and circadian health as the encroachment of nighttime into day wrought by 20th century architectural practices that have left many people estranged from sunlight.
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41
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Awada M, Becerik-Gerber B, White E, Hoque S, O'Neill Z, Pedrielli G, Wen J, Wu T. Occupant health in buildings: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the opinions of building professionals and implications on research. BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2022; 207:108440. [PMID: 34697517 PMCID: PMC8520175 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study are to investigate building professionals' experience, awareness, and interest in occupant health in buildings, and to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their opinions, as well as to compare the research on occupant health in buildings to professionals' opinions. To address these objectives, a mixed research methodology, including a thorough review of the literature (NL = 190) and an online survey (NS = 274), was utilized. In general, there is an increasing research interest in occupant health and a heightened interest in health-related projects, among professionals, following the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, among the nine different building attributes examined, indoor air quality was the most researched building attribute with a focus on occupant health and was also presumed to be the most important by the professionals. Professionals considered fatigue and musculoskeletal pain to be the most important physical well-being issues, and stress, anxiety, and depression to be the most important mental well-being issues that need to be the focus of design, construction, and operation of buildings to support and promote occupant health, while eye-related symptoms and loss of concentration were the most researched physical and mental well-being symptoms in the literature, respectively. Finally, professionals indicated that COVID-19 pandemic had significant effect on their perspectives regarding buildings' impact on occupant health and they believed future building design, construction and operation will focus more on occupant health because of the pandemic experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Awada
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Burçin Becerik-Gerber
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Elizabeth White
- School of Computing Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, United States
| | - Simi Hoque
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Drexel University, United States
| | - Zheng O'Neill
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, United States
| | - Giulia Pedrielli
- School of Computing Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, United States
| | - Jin Wen
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Drexel University, United States
| | - Teresa Wu
- School of Computing Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, United States
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42
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Fischer D, Hilditch CJ. Light in ecological settings: Entrainment, circadian disruption, and interventions. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 273:303-330. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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43
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Luo X, Ru T, Chen Q, Hsiao FC, Hung CS, Yang CM, Zhou G. Temporal Dynamics of Subjective and Objective Alertness During Exposure to Bright Light in the Afternoon for 5 h. Front Physiol 2021; 12:771605. [PMID: 34950050 PMCID: PMC8691749 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.771605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Light can induce an alertness response in humans. The effects of exposure to bright light vs. dim light on the levels of alertness during the day, especially in the afternoon, as reported in the literature, are inconsistent. This study employed a multiple measurement strategy to explore the temporal variations in the effects of exposure to bright light vs. regular office light (1,200 lx vs. 200 lx at eye level, 6,500 K) on the alertness of participants for 5 h in the afternoon. In this study, 20 healthy adults (11 female; mean age 23.25 ± 2.3 years) underwent the Karolinska sleepiness scale (KSS), the auditory psychomotor vigilance test (PVT), and the waking electroencephalogram (EEG) test for two levels of light intervention. The results yielded a relatively lower relative delta power and a relatively higher beta power for the 1,200 lx condition in comparison with the 200 lx condition. However, the light conditions elicited no statistically significant differences in the KSS scores and performance with respect to the PVT. The results suggested that exposure to bright light for 5 h in the afternoon could enhance physiological arousal while exerting insignificant effects on subjective feelings and performance abilities relating to the alertness of the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Luo
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taotao Ru
- Lab of Light and Physiopsychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Normal University, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwei Chen
- Lab of Light and Physiopsychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Normal University, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan-Chi Hsiao
- Department of Counseling and Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Sui Hung
- Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Yang
- Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Lab of Light and Physiopsychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Normal University, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, Guangzhou, China
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44
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Amdisen L, Daugaard S, Vestergaard JM, Vested A, Bonde JP, Vistisen HT, Christoffersen J, Garde AH, Hansen ÅM, Markvart J, Schlünssen V, Kolstad HA. A longitudinal study of morning, evening, and night light intensities and nocturnal sleep quality in a working population. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:579-589. [PMID: 34903140 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.2010741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate whether higher light intensity in the morning is associated with better nocturnal sleep quality and whether higher light intensities in the evening or night have the opposite effect. Light intensity was recorded for 7 consecutive days across the year among 317 indoor and outdoor daytime workers in Denmark (55-56° N) equipped with a personal light recorder. Participants reported sleep quality after each nocturnal sleep. Sleep quality was measured using three parameters; disturbed sleep index, awakening index, and sleep onset latency. Associations between increasing light intensities and sleep quality were analyzed using mixed effects models with participant identity as a random effect. Overall, neither white nor blue light intensities during morning, evening, or night were associated with sleep quality, awakening, or sleep onset latency of the subsequent nocturnal sleep. However, secondary analyses suggested that artificial light during the morning and day contrary to solar light may increase vulnerability to evening light exposure. Altogether, we were not able to confirm that higher morning light intensity significantly improves self-reported sleep quality or that higher evening or night light intensities impair self-reported sleep quality at exposure levels encountered during daily life in a working population in Denmark. This suggests that light intensities alone are not important for sleep quality to a degree that it is distinguishable from other important parameters in daily life settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lau Amdisen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stine Daugaard
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper Medom Vestergaard
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, University Research Clinic, Herning, Denmark
| | - Anne Vested
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helene Tilma Vistisen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Christoffersen
- Knowledge Centre for Daylight, Energy and Indoor Climate, Velux A/s, Velux Group, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Anne Helene Garde
- Danish Ministry of Employment, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Åse Marie Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Ministry of Employment, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Markvart
- Department of the Built Environment, Division of Energy Efficiency, Indoor Climate and Sustainability of Buildings, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Albert Kolstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Elovainio M, Komulainen K, Lipsanen J, Partonen T, Pesonen AK, Pulkki-Råback L, Paunio T, Kähönen M, Vahtera J, Virtanen M, Ruuhela R, Hakulinen C, Raitakari O. Long-term cumulative light exposure from the natural environment and sleep: A cohort study. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13511. [PMID: 34729842 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We analysed (A) the association of short-term as well as long-term cumulative exposure to natural light, and (B) the association of detailed temporal patterns of natural light exposure history with three indicators of sleep: sleep duration, sleep problems, and diurnal preference. Data (N = 1,962; 55% women; mean age 41.4 years) were from the prospective Young Finns Study, which we linked to daily meteorological data on each participant's neighbourhood natural light exposure using residential postal codes. Sleep outcomes were self-reported in 2011. We first examined associations of the sleep outcomes with cumulative light exposure of 5-year, 2-year, 1-year, and 2-month periods prior to the sleep assessment using linear and Poisson regression models adjusting for potential confounders. We then used a data-driven time series approach to detect clusters of participants with different light exposure histories and assessed the associations of these clusters with the sleep outcomes using linear and Poisson regression analyses. A greater cumulative light exposure over ≥1 year was associated with a shorter sleep duration (β = -0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.15 to -0.04), more sleep problems (incident rate ratio [IRR] 1.04, 95% CI 1.0-1.07) and diurnal preference towards eveningness (β = -0.09, 95% CI -0.14 to -0.03). The data-driven exposure pattern of "slowly increasing" light exposure was associated with fewer overall sleep problems (IRR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88-0.98) compared to a "recently declining" light exposure group representing the "average-exposure" group. These findings suggest that living in an area with relatively more intense light exposure for a longer period of time influences sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisla Komulainen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Lipsanen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu-Katriina Pesonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,SleepWell-Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikä Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marianna Virtanen
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland.,Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reija Ruuhela
- Weather and Climate Change Impact Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christian Hakulinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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46
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Nagare R, Woo M, MacNaughton P, Plitnick B, Tinianov B, Figueiro M. Access to Daylight at Home Improves Circadian Alignment, Sleep, and Mental Health in Healthy Adults: A Crossover Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18199980. [PMID: 34639284 PMCID: PMC8507741 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18199980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
As the primary environmental cue for the body’s master biological clock, light–dark patterns are key for circadian alignment and are ultimately fundamental to multiple dimensions of health including sleep and mental health. Although daylight provides the proper qualities of light for promoting circadian alignment, our modern indoor lifestyles offer fewer opportunities for adequate daylight exposure. This field study explores how increasing circadian-effective light in residences affects circadian phase, sleep, vitality, and mental health. In this crossover study, 20 residents spent one week in their apartments with electrochromic glass windows and another week with functionally standard windows with blinds. Calibrated light sensors revealed higher daytime circadian-effective light levels with the electrochromic glass windows, and participants exhibited consistent melatonin onset, a 22-min earlier sleep onset, and higher sleep regularity. In the blinds condition, participants exhibited a 15-min delay in dim light melatonin onset, a delay in subjective vitality throughout the day, and an overall lower positive affect. This study demonstrates the impact of daytime lighting on the physiological, behavioral, and subjective measures of circadian health in a real-world environment and stresses the importance of designing buildings that optimize daylight for human health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Nagare
- Light and Health Research Center, Department of Population Health, Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (B.P.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - May Woo
- View, Inc., Milpitas, CA 95035, USA; (M.W.); (P.M.); (B.T.)
| | - Piers MacNaughton
- View, Inc., Milpitas, CA 95035, USA; (M.W.); (P.M.); (B.T.)
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Barbara Plitnick
- Light and Health Research Center, Department of Population Health, Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (B.P.); (M.F.)
| | | | - Mariana Figueiro
- Light and Health Research Center, Department of Population Health, Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (B.P.); (M.F.)
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Aguilar-Carrasco MT, Domínguez-Amarillo S, Acosta I, Sendra JJ. Indoor lighting design for healthier workplaces: natural and electric light assessment for suitable circadian stimulus. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:29899-29917. [PMID: 34614725 DOI: 10.1364/oe.430747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Light, especially daylight, plays a critical role in human health as the main timer for circadian rhythms. Indoor environments usually lack the correct exposure to daylight and are highly dependent on electric lighting, disrupting the circadian rhythm and compromising the health of occupants. The methodology proposed assesses the combination of natural and electric lighting on circadian rhythms for operational environments. The case study chosen examines a 24/7 laboratory area representing an open-plan shift-work area. Several electric lighting scenarios under different sky conditions have been assessed, considering a variable window size and resulting in a spectrum which establishes the indoor circadian regulation performance according to the amount of light perceived. A set of configurations is presented to determine optimal electric lighting configuration based on natural light conditions in order to ensure a suitable circadian stimulus and the electric lighting flux threshold for different scenarios, benefiting occupants' health while also ensuring energy conservation.
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LLabre JE, Trujillo R, Sroga GE, Figueiro MG, Vashishth D. Circadian rhythm disruption with high-fat diet impairs glycemic control and bone quality. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21786. [PMID: 34411349 PMCID: PMC8534979 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100610rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Biological functions, including glycemic control and bone metabolism, are highly influenced by the body's internal clock. Circadian rhythms are biological rhythms that run with a period close to 24 hours and receive input from environmental stimuli, such as the light/dark cycle. We investigated the effects of circadian rhythm disruption (CRD), through alteration of the light/dark schedule, on glycemic control and bone quality of mice. Ten-week-old male mice (C57/BL6, n = 48) were given a low-fat diet (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) and kept on a dayshift or altered schedule (RSS3) for 22 weeks. Mice were divided into four experimental groups (n = 12/group): Dayshift/LFD, Dayshift/HFD, RSS3/LFD, and RSS3/HFD. CRD in growing mice fed a HFD resulted in a diabetic state, with a 36.2% increase in fasting glucose levels compared to the Dayshift/LFD group. Micro-CT scans of femora revealed a reduction in inner and outer surface expansion for mice on a HFD and altered light schedule. Cancellous bone demonstrated deterioration of bone quality as trabecular number and thickness decreased while trabecular separation increased. While HFD increased cortical bone mineral density, its combination with CRD reduced this phenomenon. The growth of mineral crystals, determined by small angle X-ray scattering, showed HFD led to smaller crystals. Considering modifications of the organic matrix, regardless of diet, CRD exacerbated the accumulation of fluorescent advanced glycation end-products (fAGEs) in collagen. Strength testing of tibiae showed that CRD mitigated the higher strength in the HFD group and increased brittleness indicated by lower post-yield deflection and work-to-fracture. Consistent with accumulation of fAGEs, various measures of toughness were lowered with CRD, but combination of CRD with HFD protected against this decrease. Differences between strength and toughness results represent different contributions of structural and material properties of bone to energy dissipation. Collectively, these results demonstrate that combination of CRD with HFD impairs glycemic control and have complex effects on bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E. LLabre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Ruben Trujillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Grażyna E. Sroga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | | | - Deepak Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
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Böhmer MN, Hamers PCM, Bindels PJE, Oppewal A, van Someren EJW, Festen DAM. Are we still in the dark? A systematic review on personal daily light exposure, sleep-wake rhythm, and mood in healthy adults from the general population. Sleep Health 2021; 7:610-630. [PMID: 34420891 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient light exposure is assumed to be related to a wide array of health problems, though few studies focus on the role of whole-day light exposure in the habitual setting in the development of these health problems. The current review aims to describe the association between personal light exposure in the habitual setting and sleep-wake rhythm and mood in healthy adults from the general population. Five databases (Embase, Medline Epub, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar) were searched in June 2019. The inclusion criteria included: assessment directly of light exposure on the participants for at least one full day; reporting on both individual personal light exposure and outcomes. The quality of the papers was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. The current review followed the PRISMA guidelines. In total, 8140 papers were identified in the database search. Twenty-five papers were eventually included in this review. All included studies were cross-sectional, and individual light exposure was usually measured with a wrist-worn device. Five studies received a "good" quality rating, 16 received a "fair" rating, and the remaining 4 a "poor" quality rating. The overall quality of the included studies was considered low because of the lack of intervention studies and the fact that light exposure was measured on the wrist. Given the low quality of the included studies, the current review can only provide a first exploration on the association between light exposure and sleep-wake rhythm and mood in healthy adults from the general population. Limited evidence is presented for a positive relationship between the amount and timing of light exposure on the one hand and rest-activity rhythm and some estimates of sleep architecture on the other. The evidence on an association between light exposure and circadian phase, sleep estimates, sleep quality, and mood is conflicting. Data from intervention studies are needed to gain insight into the causal mechanism of the relationship between light exposure and sleep-wake rhythm and mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène N Böhmer
- Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Middin, Healthcare Organization for People With Intellectual Disabilities, Rijswijk, the Netherlands.
| | - Pauline C M Hamers
- Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Amarant, Healthcare Organization for People With Intellectual Disabilities, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick J E Bindels
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alyt Oppewal
- Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eus J W van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dederieke A M Festen
- Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Ipse de Bruggen, Healthcare Organization for People With Intellectual Disabilities, Zoetermeer, the Netherlands
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50
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Figueiro MG, Kales HC. Lighting and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: Spotlight on Sleep and Depression. LIGHTING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND : 2001) 2021; 53:405-422. [PMID: 36532710 PMCID: PMC9753196 DOI: 10.1177/14771535211005835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias is the collective term for a progressive neurodegenerative disease for which there is presently no cure. This paper focuses on two symptoms of the disease, sleep disturbances and depression, and discusses how light can be used as a non-pharmacological intervention to mitigate their negative effects. Bright days and dark nights are needed for health and well-being, but the present components of the built environment, especially those places where older adults spend most of their days, are too dimly illuminated during the day and too bright at night. To be effective light needs to be correctly specified, implemented, and measured. Yet without the appropriate specification and measurement of the stimulus, researchers will not be able to successfully demonstrate positive results in the field, nor will lighting designers and specifiers have the confidence to implement lighting solutions for promoting better sleep and mood in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Figueiro
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helen C Kales
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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