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Mullins E, Bresson J, Dalmay T, Dewhurst IC, Epstein MM, Firbank LG, Guerche P, Hejatko J, Moreno FJ, Naegeli H, Nogué F, Rostoks N, Sánchez Serrano JJ, Savoini G, Veromann E, Veronesi F, Dumont AF, Ardizzone M. Animal dietary exposure in the risk assessment of feed derived from genetically modified plants. EFSA J 2023; 21:e07732. [PMID: 36698485 PMCID: PMC9850603 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
EFSA carries out the risk assessment of genetically modified plants for food and feed uses under Regulation (EU) No 503/2013. Exposure assessment - anticipated intake/extend of use shall be an essential element of the risk assessment of genetically modified feeds, as required by Regulation (EU) No 503/2013. Estimates of animal dietary exposure to newly expressed proteins should be determined to cover average consumption across all the different species, age, physiological and productive phases of farmed and companion animals, and identify and consider particular consumer groups with expected higher exposure. This statement is aimed at facilitating the reporting of the information that applicants need to provide on expected animal dietary exposure to newly expressed proteins and to increase harmonisation of the application dossiers to be assessed by the EFSA GMO Panel. Advice is provided on the selection of proper feed consumption and feed concentration data, and on the reporting of exposure's estimates. An overview of the different uncertainties that may be linked to the estimations is provided. This statement also explains how to access an Excel calculator which should be used in future applications as basis to provide a more consistent presentation of estimates of expected animal dietary exposure.
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Padilha CG, Ribeiro CVDM, Oliveira DE. Milk fatty acids as covariates in multiple regression analysis is a robust approach to model the decrease in milk fat concentration and yield in small ruminants. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charline G. Padilha
- Department of Animal Production Santa Catarina State University Lages Santa Catarina Brazil
| | | | - Dimas E. Oliveira
- Department of Animal Production Santa Catarina State University Lages Santa Catarina Brazil
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Padilha CG, Ribeiro CV, Oliveira DE. Modeling the effect of trans-10 fatty acids associated with milk fat depression in dairy goats and ewes supplemented with trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Nayik GA, Jagdale YD, Gaikwad SA, Devkatte AN, Dar AH, Dezmirean DS, Bobis O, Ranjha MMAN, Ansari MJ, Hemeg HA, Alotaibi SS. Recent Insights Into Processing Approaches and Potential Health Benefits of Goat Milk and Its Products: A Review. Front Nutr 2021; 8:789117. [PMID: 34938763 PMCID: PMC8685332 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.789117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Goat milk is considered to be a potential source of various macro- and micro-nutrients. It contains a good proportion of protein, fat, carbohydrates, and other nutritional components which help in promoting nutritional and desirable health benefits. Goat milk is considered to be superior in terms of numerous health benefits, and lower risk of allergy, when compared to the milk of other species. Several processing techniques such as pasteurization, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, and ultrasound have been employed to enhance the quality and shelf life of goat milk and its products. The diverse range of goat milk-based products such as yogurt, cheese, fermented milk, goat milk powder, and others are available in the market and are prepared by the intervention of advanced processing technologies. Goats raised in pasture-based feeding systems are shown to have a better milk nutritional composition than its counterpart. Goat milk contains potential bioactive components, which aids in the maintenance of the proper metabolism and functioning of the human body. This review gives insight into the key nutritional ingredients and bioactive constituents present in goat milk and their potential role in the development of various functional foods using different processing technologies. Goat milk could be considered as a significant option for milk consumption in infants, as compared to other milk available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzar Ahmad Nayik
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Government Degree College Shopian, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Yash D Jagdale
- Maharashtra Institute of Technology (MIT) School of Food Technology, Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, India
| | - Sailee A Gaikwad
- Maharashtra Institute of Technology (MIT) School of Food Technology, Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, India
| | - Anupama N Devkatte
- Maharashtra Institute of Technology (MIT) School of Food Technology, Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, India
| | - Aamir Hussain Dar
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science & Technology, Awantipora, India
| | - Daniel Severus Dezmirean
- Department of Technological Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Otilia Bobis
- Department of Technological Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), Moradabad, India
| | - Hassan A Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saqer S Alotaibi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Ta'if, Saudi Arabia
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Granados-Rivera LD, Hernández-Mendo O, Maldonado-Jáquez JA. Energy balance in lactating goats: Response to mixture of conjugated linoleic acid. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13347. [PMID: 32219947 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the energy balance in early lactating local goats when supplemented with conjugated linoleic acid. Fifteen local goats from the north-east of Mexico were used. Three treatments were evaluated: (a) Control (Base diet); (b) CLA 50 g; and (c) CLA 90 g. The CLA was a mixture of micro-encapsulated FA, which supplied c9, t11 and t10, c12. Goats had an adaptation period of 2 weeks and 7 experimental weeks. The variables evaluated were body weight, DMI, milk yield, and fat, protein, and lactose yield, FA milk profile, and energy balance. The analysis of the data was analyzed as repeated measures using the PROC MIXED procedure and Tukey test (p < .05). In milk of goats from the treatment 90 g of the isomer t10, c12 CLA (p < .05) the milk fat content and milk fat yield with respect to the control treatment were reduced and the energy balance was improved. In goats treated with 11 g of t10, c12 CLA increased (p < .05) milk yield and milk lactose content. These results suggest that energy not used to synthesize dairy fat was used to increase milk yield and improve energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo D Granados-Rivera
- Campo Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, General Terán, Nuevo León, México
| | - Omar Hernández-Mendo
- Programa de Ganadería, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, Estado de México, México
| | - Jorge A Maldonado-Jáquez
- Campo Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Matamoros, Coahuila, México
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Monllor P, Romero G, Atzori AS, Sandoval-Castro CA, Ayala-Burgos AJ, Roca A, Sendra E, Díaz JR. Composition, Mineral and Fatty Acid Profiles of Milk from Goats Fed with Different Proportions of Broccoli and Artichoke Plant By-Products. Foods 2020; 9:E700. [PMID: 32492779 PMCID: PMC7353654 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Mediterranean region, artichoke and broccoli are major crops with a high amount of by-products that can be used as alternative feedstuffs for ruminants, lowering feed costs and enhancing milk sustainability while reducing the environmental impact of dairy production. However, nutritional quality of milk needs to be assured under these production conditions and an optimal inclusion ratio of silages should be determined. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of three inclusion levels (25%, 40%, and 60%) of these silages (artichoke plant, AP, and broccoli by-product, BB) in goat diets on milk yield, composition, and mineral and fatty profiles. Treatments with 60% inclusion of AP and BB presented the lowest milk yield. No differences were found on the milk mineral profile. Inclusion of AP in the animals' diet improved the milk lipid profile from the point of view of human health (AI, TI) compared to BB due to a lower saturated fatty acid content (C12:0, C14:0, and C16:0) and a higher concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially vaccenic acid (C18:1 trans11) and rumenic acid (CLA cis9, trans11), without any differences with the control treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Monllor
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (P.M.); (G.R.); (A.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Gema Romero
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (P.M.); (G.R.); (A.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Alberto S. Atzori
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Carlos A. Sandoval-Castro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida 97100, Mexico; (C.A.S.-C.); (A.J.A.-B.)
| | - Armín J. Ayala-Burgos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida 97100, Mexico; (C.A.S.-C.); (A.J.A.-B.)
| | - Amparo Roca
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (P.M.); (G.R.); (A.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Esther Sendra
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (P.M.); (G.R.); (A.R.); (E.S.)
| | - José Ramón Díaz
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (P.M.); (G.R.); (A.R.); (E.S.)
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Bodkowski R, Czyż K, Wyrostek A, Cholewińska P, Sokoła-Wysoczańska E, Niedziółka R. The Effect of CLA-Rich Isomerized Poppy Seed Oil on the Fat Level and Fatty Acid Profile of Cow and Sheep Milk. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E912. [PMID: 32466271 PMCID: PMC7278435 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the effect of dietary supplementation of isomerized poppy seed oil (IPO) enriched with conjugated dienes of linoleic acid (CLA) on cow and sheep milk parameters (fat content, fatty acid profile, Δ9-desaturase index, and atherogenic index). The process of poppy seed oil alkaline isomerization caused the formation of CLA isomers with cis-9,trans-11, trans-10,cis-12, and cis-11,trans-13 configurations in the amounts of 31.2%, 27.6%, and 4.1% of total fatty acids (FAs), respectively. Animal experiments were conducted on 16 Polish Holstein Friesian cows (control (CTRL) and experimental (EXP), n = 8/group) and 20 East Friesian Sheep (CTRL and EXP, n = 10/group). For four weeks, animals from EXP groups received the addition of IPO in the amount of 1% of dry matter. Milk was collected three times: on days 7, 14, and 30. Diet supplementation with IPO decrease milk fat content (p < 0.01). Milk fat from EXP groups had higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including FAs with beneficial biological properties, that is, CLA and TVA (p < 0.01), and lower levels of saturated fatty acids, particularly short- (p < 0.01) and medium-chain FAs (p < 0.05). The addition of IPO led to a decrease in the atherogenic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bodkowski
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (K.C.); (A.W.); (P.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Czyż
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (K.C.); (A.W.); (P.C.)
| | - Anna Wyrostek
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (K.C.); (A.W.); (P.C.)
| | - Paulina Cholewińska
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (K.C.); (A.W.); (P.C.)
| | | | - Roman Niedziółka
- Institute of Animal Production and Fisheries, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14B, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland;
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Toral P, Gervais R, Hervás G, Létourneau-Montminy MP, Frutos P. Relationships between trans-10 shift indicators and milk fat traits in dairy ewes: Insights into milk fat depression. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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9
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Zhang T, Li C, Huang L, Song N, Cao Y, Loor JJ, Luo J, Shi H. Regulation of Stearoyl-Coenzyme A Desaturase 1 by trans-10, cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid via SREBP1 in Primary Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1463-1469. [PMID: 30644742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
trans-10, cis-12 Conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) is a biohydrogenation intermediate in the rumen that inhibits mammary fatty acid de novo synthesis in lactating dairy goats. However, the underlying molecular pathways in milk-lipid metabolism affected by t10c12-CLA are not completely understood. The present study investigated the lipid-regulation mechanisms in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) in response to t10c12-CLA. Gene-expression analysis indicated sterol-regulatory-element-binding transcription factor1 ( SREBF1) and its putative target gene stearoyl-CoA desaturase ( SCD1) were down-regulated (fold changes of 0.33 ± 0.04, P < 0.05, and 0.19 ± 0.01, P < 0.01, respectively). Concentrations of cellular palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1) were decreased (1.12 ± 0.05 vs 1.69 ± 0.11% and 15.70 ± 0.44 vs 24.97 ± 0.82%, respectively, P < 0.01), whereas those of linoleic acid (C18:2) were increased (5.00 ± 0.14 vs 3.81 ± 0.25%, P < 0.05); the desaturation indices of C16 and C18 were decreased in response to t10c12-CLA treatment (6.90 ± 0.05 vs 8.00 ± 0.30% and 61.41 ± 0.65 vs 67.73 ± 1.33%, respectively, P < 0.05). A luciferase-activity assay indicated that deletion of the sterol-response-element (SRE) site and the nuclear-factor (NF-Y) site in the SCD1-promoter region (-511/+65 bp) suppressed the regulatory effect of t10c12-CLA. Overexpression of SREBF1 partly counteracted the inhibitory effect of t10c12-CLA on de novo fatty acid synthesis. Overall, t10c12-CLA causes an inhibition of fatty acid synthesis and desaturation and regulates SCD1 expression by affecting the binding of SREBP1 protein to the SRE and NF-Y sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine , Xi'an Medical University , Xi'an , Shannxi 710000 , PR China
| | - Cong Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , PR China
| | - Lian Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , PR China
| | - Ning Song
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , PR China
| | - Yanhong Cao
- Guangxi Institute of Animal Science , Nanning , Guangxi 535001 , PR China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences , University of Illinois , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , PR China
| | - Huaiping Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , PR China
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Zhang T, Huang J, Tian H, Ma Y, Chen Z, Wang J, Shi H, Luo J. trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid alters lipid metabolism of goat mammary epithelial cells by regulation of de novo synthesis and the AMPK signaling pathway. J Dairy Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ferro MM, Tedeschi LO, Atzori AS. The comparison of the lactation and milk yield and composition of selected breeds of sheep and goats. Transl Anim Sci 2017; 1:498-506. [PMID: 32704673 PMCID: PMC7204986 DOI: 10.2527/tas2017.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the milk yield (MY) and milk composition of relevant sheep and goat breeds raised around the world to be used with nutrition models for diet formulation and nutrient balancing. A 2-step approach was used. First, a database developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization was used to identify relevant breeds (i.e., frequently raised) by comparing the occurrence of transboundary breed names across countries. We selected transboundary breeds that occurred more than 3 times and other relevant breeds obtained from the specialized literature that had milk production information (e.g., MY, days in milk, and milk fat, protein, and lactose). The majority of sheep breeds were classified as nondairy (76%) because they lacked milk production information. Karakul and Merino accounted for up to 2.4% of sheep breeds raised around the world, whereas the other individual breeds accounted for less than 1%. In contrast, nondairy breeds of goats accounted for 46.3% and of the remaining 53.7%, Saanen, Boer, Anglo-Nubian, Toggenburg, and Alpine accounted for 6.5, 5, 4.4, 4, and 3%, respectively, of the transboundary breeds. Second, a database compiled from published studies for the selected sheep (n = 65) and goats (n = 78) breeds were analyzed using a random coefficients model (studies and treatments within studies as random effects). For sheep breeds, the average and SD were 1.1 ± 0.3 kg/d for MY, 6.9 ± 1% for milk fat, 5.4 ± 0.4% for milk protein, 5 ± 0.3% for milk lactose, 17.7 ± 1.4% for milk total solids, and 1,073 ± 91 kcal/kg of milk energy. Lacaune had the greatest MY compared to Comisana and Tsigai (1.65 versus 0.83 and 0.62 kg/d; respectively, P < 0.05), but milk components were not different among breeds. For goats breeds, the average and SD across breeds were 1.7 ± 0.6 kg/d for MY, 4.2 ± 0.9% for milk fat, 3.3 ± 0.4% for milk protein, 4.4 ± 0.4% for milk lactose, 12.7 ± 1.1% for milk total solids, and 750 ± 75 kcal/kg of milk energy. Alpine had similar MY to Saanen (2.66 versus 2.55 kg/d, respectively; P > 0.05), but greater (P < 0.05) than other breeds. The Boer breed had the greatest milk fat, protein, lactose, and total solids than several other breeds, leading to the greatest milk energy content (907 kcal/kg). Because there are many factors that can alter MY and milk composition, averages provided in this study serve as guidelines, and nutritionists must obtain observed values when using nutrition models.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ferro
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-2471.,Departmento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 78020, Brazil
| | - L O Tedeschi
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-2471
| | - A S Atzori
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
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Zhang T, Ma Y, Wang H, Loor JJ, Xu H, Shi H, Luo J. Trans10, cis12 conjugated linoleic acid increases triacylglycerol accumulation in goat mammary epithelial cells in vitro. Anim Sci J 2017; 89:432-440. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture; College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Yue Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture; College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture; College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics; Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences; University of Illinois; Urbana IL USA
| | - Huifen Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture; College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Huaiping Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture; College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture; College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
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Shi H, Zhang T, Li C, Wang J, Huang J, Li Z. trans-10,cis-12-Conjugated Linoleic Acid Affects Expression of Lipogenic Genes in Mammary Glands of Lactating Dairy Goats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9460-9467. [PMID: 29019657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms on milk fat depression (MFD) in response to trans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (t10,c12-CLA) supplementation in ruminants were elucidated in this research with dairy goats. A total of 30 2-year-old Xinong Saanen dairy goats [40 ± 5 days in milk (DIM)] at peak lactation stage were assigned to a 3 × 3 Latin square design (14 day treatment period, followed with 14 day washout). Three CLA treatments included (a) control, fed the basal diet only without CLA supplementation; (b) orally supplemented with 8 g/day of lipid-encapsulated CLA (low dose, CLA-1); and (c) orally supplemented with 16 g/day of lipid-encapsulated CLA (high dose, CLA-2). Expression levels of fatty acid metabolism genes in the mammary tissues were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in three goats on day 1 and the other three goats on day 14 in each group after the discontinuation of CLA treatment in the third experimental period. Dietary supplementation of CLA led to a significant decrease of milk fat compared to the control (p < 0.05). Milk fat concentrations in CLA-1 and CLA-2 groups were 2.74 and 2.42%, respectively, while the milk fat concentration in the control group was 2.99%. Decreases in short- and medium-chain fatty acids (<16 carbons) and increases in unsaturated fatty acids were observed in the CLA-2 group (p < 0.05). The desaturation indexes of C16 and C18 fatty acids were obviously increased (p < 0.01). RT-qPCR results revealed decreases of the mRNA expression levels of SREBF1, PPARG, LPL, CD36, FABP3, ACSL1, FASN, ACACA, DGAT2, TIP47, ADRP, and BTN1A1 genes in mammary glands (p < 0.05) and an increase of the SCD gene because of CLA supplementation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, t10,c12-CLA-induced MFD was possibly the result from the downregulation of genes involved in lipogenesis in goat mammary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiping Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangtao Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
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Transcriptional regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase α isoforms in dairy ewes during conjugated linoleic acid induced milk fat depression. Animal 2016; 10:1677-83. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731116000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Ghazal S, Berthelot V, Friggens N, Schmidely P. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation and feeding level on dairy performance, milk fatty acid composition, and body fat changes in mid-lactation goats. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:7162-74. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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