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Junge A, Hauschild A. Prevalence of Mental Health Problems and their Potential Association with Sleep Disturbance, Coping Skills and Social Support in Professional Ballet Dancers. J Dance Med Sci 2024:1089313X241277930. [PMID: 39277540 DOI: 10.1177/1089313x241277930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: While several studies have analyzed the characteristics and burden of injuries and physical complaints in (pre-)professional dancers, mental health problems, other than eating disorders, have rarely been studied in professional ballet dancers. The aims were to (a) investigate the prevalence of self-reported mental health problems, and (b) analyze their potential associations with sleep disturbance, coping skills and social support in professional ballet dancers. Methods: During a pre-season health screening, professional ballet dancers of three companies were asked to answer questions on personal characteristics, current need and attempt to lose weight, chronic/recurrent mental health problems, and need of support from a psychotherapist as well as established questionnaires on depression (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety (GAD-7), eating disorders (EDE-QS), sleep disturbance (ASSQ), athletic coping skills (ACSI-28) and perceived social support (F-SozU-K6). Results: All 96 dancers (average age 27.3 years, 51.0% male) who participated in the screening answered the questionnaire. In the PHQ-9, 19 (19.8%) dancers reported mild, and 4 (4.2%) moderate to severe symptoms. In the GAD-7, 19 (19.8%) dancers reported mild, 11 (11.5%) moderate and three (3.1%) severe symptoms. Ten (10.4%) dancers were screened positive for an eating disorder in the EDE-QS. Almost two thirds of the dancers reported sleep problems of mild (n = 39; 40.6%), moderate (n = 19; 19.8%) or severe extent (n = 3; 3.1%) in the ASSQ. One in five dancers (n = 19; 19.8%) wanted or needed support from a psychotherapist at the time of the screening. The mean score of ASSQ correlated significantly with PHQ-9 (r = .34; P = .001) and GAD-7 (r = .27; P = .008). Correlations of mental health problems with athletic coping skills and social support were generally low. Conclusion: The prevalence of mental health problems, especially anxiety and eating disorders, was high in professional ballet dancers. Routine screening of mental health and sleep problems as well as interventions to improve mental health and sleep quality are strongly recommended. Level of Evidence: 2b cross-sectional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Junge
- Center for Health in Performing Arts, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Hauschild
- Center for Health in Performing Arts, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, BG Klinikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Owoeye OBA, Breitbach A, Esposito F, Nguyen N, Bender AM, Neme JR. Snooze it or Lose it: Understanding Sleep Disturbance and Injuries in Soccer and Basketball Student-Athletes. Clin J Sport Med 2024:00042752-990000000-00214. [PMID: 38980669 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the sleep characteristics of collegiate soccer and basketball student-athletes and explore the associations between sleep and injury risk. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING NCAA D1 and NAIA Tier 1. PARTICIPANTS One hundred eighty-one collegiate soccer and basketball student-athletes (42% female; mean age: 20.0 ± 1.7 years). INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Questionnaires were administered during the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 preseason, collecting demographic, injury history, medical history, and sleep information, including sleep difficulty category scores of 0 to 4 (none), 5 to 7 (mild), and ≥8 (moderate/severe) and other sleep disturbance measures derived from the Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ), including insufficient sleep duration (<7 hours of sleep) and poor subjective sleep quality. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES All-complaint knee and ankle injuries. RESULTS According to the ASSQ, 25.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.9-34.3) of the student-athletes had mild sleep difficulty and 12.7% (95% CI, 7.3-20.1) had moderate/severe sleep difficulty. 36.1% (95% CI, 29.1-43.6) had insufficient sleep duration. 17.1% (95% CI, 11.7-23.7) were not satisfied with the quality of their sleep (poor sleep quality), and 13.8% (95% CI, 9.1-19.7) had an "eveningness" chronotype. Based on multivariable logistic regression models, student-athletes with poor sleep quality had significantly higher odds for injury (OR: 2.2, 95% CI, 1.04-4.79, P = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS Clinically relevant dysfunctional sleep patterns are prevalent among collegiate soccer and basketball student-athletes. Poor sleep quality was significantly associated with injury risk among student-athletes. Findings suggest a substantial sleep problem in collegiate soccer and basketball student-athletes and warrant that student-athletes are regularly screened and timely interventions applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyosi B A Owoeye
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Anthony Breitbach
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Flavio Esposito
- Department of Computer Science, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Natania Nguyen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Amy M Bender
- Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jamil R Neme
- Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
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Vorster APA, Erlacher D, Birrer D, Röthlin P. Sleep Difficulties in Swiss Elite Athletes. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:779. [PMID: 38929761 PMCID: PMC11204926 DOI: 10.3390/life14060779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
For athletes, sleep is essential for recovery and performance. Yet, up to two-thirds of athletes report poor sleep quality. Comprehensive data across all sports disciplines on the underlying causes of sleep problems are missing. We reanalyzed a data set of N = 1004 Swiss top athletes across an extensive array of 88 sports to gain knowledge on the specific deficits in sleep health with respect to gender, sport classes, sport-related factors, and well-being. We found that 18% of athletes were affected by at least two out of five high-risk sleep factors: 9% of athletes slept less than 6 h per day, 30% were dissatisfied with their sleep, 17% showed problems falling asleep within 30 min, 18% of athletes reported difficulty maintaining sleep more than three times a week, and 6% of athletes used sleeping pills more than once a week. We found sleep health strongly linked to overall well-being and mental health (22% showed at least moderate symptoms of either depression or anxiety). Therefore, screening and treating sleep disorders might effectively improve mental health and general well-being as well as performance among athletes around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albrecht P. A. Vorster
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Interdisciplinary Sleep-Wake-Epilepsy-Center, University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Erlacher
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (D.E.); (P.R.)
| | - Daniel Birrer
- Elite Sport Department, Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen, 2532 Magglingen, Switzerland;
| | - Philipp Röthlin
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (D.E.); (P.R.)
- Elite Sport Department, Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen, 2532 Magglingen, Switzerland;
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Gooderick J, Wood T, Abbott W, Hayes M, Maxwell N. Does a self-reported sleep duration reflect actigraphy reported sleep duration in female football players? SCI MED FOOTBALL 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38174382 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2023.2297903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is often compromised in female athletes, and the monitoring of female athletes' sleep is an important preventative and educational tool. With self-reporting of sleep common practice for athletes as part of a daily wellness assessment, there is a need to understand whether sleep indices are being reported accurately, and thus whether self-report data are useful. This study aimed to compare the agreement between self-reported and actigraphy reported sleep duration in female football players, with the intention of informing best practice for athlete monitoring. Twenty-two female footballers (mean age 19.5 ± 1.3 years) provided a daily self-report across 7 days, whilst also wearing an actigraph across the same testing period. Agreement between the two measures was assessed using Bland-Altman limits of agreement, with acceptable limits of agreement defined as <30 minutes. Results showed evident disagreement between the two methods, with a mean bias of -0.54 (32 min, 95% CI -0.66 to -0.43) and a potential disagreement range of over 2 h (Lower 95% limits of agreement -1.49 to upper 95% limits of agreement 0.40). Coaches using self-reported sleep durations as a monitoring tool for female footballers should interpret the results with caution and be aware of the potential for inaccuracies in this measure. As such, where possible, coaches should consider other methods of sleep monitoring, rather than solely relying on a self-report, to ensure they are operating with optimal practice within situational constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toby Wood
- School of Sport, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Will Abbott
- School of Sport, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Mark Hayes
- School of Sport, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Neil Maxwell
- School of Sport, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
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Dai C, Peng Z, Wang L, Song T, Xu L, Xu M, Shao Y. Total sleep deprivation reduces the table tennis anticipation performance of young men: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. iScience 2023; 26:107973. [PMID: 37822501 PMCID: PMC10562798 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored whether and how sleep deprivation (SD) affects sport-related anticipation. Twenty table tennis players and 28 non-athletes completed a table tennis anticipation task before and after 36 h SD. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired simultaneously. The results showed that, compared with the non-athletes, table tennis players had higher neural efficiency, manifested by their higher anticipation accuracy and lower frontal lobe activation. SD impaired anticipation performance, accompanied by decreased activation of the occipital and temporal lobes. Compensatory activation occurred in the left hippocampus and orbital part of the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) after SD in the table tennis player group, but not in the non-athlete group. The decreased accuracy of non-athletes was positively correlated with decreased activation of orbital part of the right IFG. This study's findings improve the understanding of the cognitive neuroscience mechanisms by which SD affects sport-related anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cimin Dai
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziyi Peng
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Letong Wang
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tao Song
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yongcong Shao
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Alhowimel AS, Alenazi AM, Alshehri MM, Alqahtani BA, Al-Jamaan A, Alodaibi F, Alshehri YS, Charest J. Translation and Validation of the Arabic Version of the Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11101501. [PMID: 37239787 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep improves the cognitive and physical performance of athletes. A detailed questionnaire that detects sleep disruptions is required to identify sleep-deprived athletes. This study evaluates the translated Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ), a tool suggested by the International Olympic Committee, among Arabic-speaking athletes. The ASSQ was translated into Arabic and examined for floor or ceiling effects, internal consistency, and validity among Arabic-speaking athletes. The Arabic Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was employed to assess convergent validity. Ninety athletes (28.9% women) participated and completed this study's questionnaires. The Cronbach's alpha for the ASSQ-Sleep Difficulty Score (SDS) was 0.435, and that of the ASSQ-chronotype was 0.632. The SDS and chronotype subset of the ASSQ demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.84 and 0.938, respectively. The ASSQ-SDS correlated positively with the PSQI (0.734, p = 0.001). The ASSQ-chronotype was inversely associated with the PSQI (p = 0.001). This study's findings can assist clinicians in assessing sleep disorders in sports. The Arabic version of the ASSQ has satisfactory psychometric qualities and can identify clinically relevant sleep problems in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Alhowimel
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aqeel M Alenazi
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Bader A Alqahtani
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Jamaan
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alodaibi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir S Alshehri
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah 41411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jonathan Charest
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Centre for Sleep & Human Performance, Calgary, AB T2X 3V4, Canada
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Pilkington V, Rice SM, Walton CC, Gwyther K, Olive L, Butterworth M, Clements M, Cross G, Purcell R. Prevalence and Correlates of Mental Health Symptoms and Well-Being Among Elite Sport Coaches and High-Performance Support Staff. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:89. [PMID: 35792942 PMCID: PMC9259770 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background There is growing understanding of mental health needs in elite athletes, but less is known about the mental health of coaches and support staff who work within elite sport settings. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of mental health symptoms in elite-level coaches and high-performance support staff (HPSS) and compared rates against published elite athlete samples. A cross-sectional, anonymous, online survey was administered to coaches and HPSS working in Australia’s high-performance sports system. Main outcomes were scores on validated measures of psychological distress, probable ‘caseness’ for a diagnosable psychological condition, alcohol consumption and sleep disturbance. Results Data were provided by 78 coaches (mean age = 46.4 years, 23.8% female) and 174 HPSS (mean age = 40.0 years, 56.7% female). Overall, 41.2% of the sample met probable caseness criteria, 13.9% reported high to very high psychological distress, 41.8% reported potential risky alcohol consumption and 17.7% reported moderate to severe sleep disturbance, with no statistically significant differences between coaches and HPSS. The most robust correlates of psychological distress and probable caseness were dissatisfaction with social support and dissatisfaction with life balance, while poor life balance was also associated with increased alcohol consumption and poor social support with sleep disturbance. Coaches and HPSS reported similar prevalence of mental health outcomes compared to rates previously observed in elite athletes, with the exception of higher reporting of alcohol consumption among coaches and HPSS. Conclusions Elite-level coaches and HPSS reported levels of psychological distress and probable caseness similar to those previously reported among elite-level athletes, suggesting that these groups are also susceptible to the pressures of high-performance sporting environments. Screening for mental health symptoms in elite sport should be extended from athletes to all key stakeholders in the daily training environment, as should access to programs to support mental health and well-being.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40798-022-00479-y.
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