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Tangwijitsakul H, Likhitweerawong N, Boonchooduang N, Chonchaiya W, Louthrenoo O. Sleep problems and executive dysfunctions in pre-school children. J Paediatr Child Health 2024. [PMID: 39243226 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between sleep problems and executive functions in pre-school children as reported by parents/caregivers. METHODS This cross-sectional study of caregiver-child dyads was conducted in a public kindergarten school in Northern Thailand. Sleep problems were evaluated using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), whereas executive functions were assessed using the Behavioural Rating Inventory of Executive Function - pre-school version (BRIEF-P). T-scores greater than 65 of the BRIEF-P were defined as deficits in executive functions. Multiple linear regressions were performed to assess the association between the executive function components and the total CSHQ scores. RESULTS Participants included 356 children, with a mean age of 5.04 (0.54) years. The total CSHQ scores of the executive dysfunction group were significantly higher than those of the group with executive functions below the cutoff (P < 0.001), which indicated more of sleep problems, including sleep-onset delay, night waking and daytime sleepiness. However, the duration of night sleep, night awake, afternoon nap and total sleep time reported by parents did not differ between the two groups. Weak positive correlations between the total CSHQ and subscale scores and the Global Executive Composite score of the BRIEF-P were noted. After adjusting for confounding variables, including child's age, gender, prematurity, maternal age and education, family income and media viewing time from the multiple linear regression analysis, the total CSHQ scores were significantly correlated with worse Global Executive Composite scores, which is the summary of five domains of executive functions (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the association between sleep problems and deficits in executive functions in healthy pre-school children. Health-care providers are encouraged to consistently advocate for proper sleep hygiene and practices to enhance executive functions in pre-schoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nonglak Boonchooduang
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Weerasak Chonchaiya
- Center of Excellence for Maximizing Children's Developmental Potential, Division of Growth and Development, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orawan Louthrenoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Barry ES, D'Souza L. Maternal depressive symptoms and mother-infant cosleeping (including room sharing and bedsharing): a systematic review. J Clin Sleep Med 2024; 20:1517-1533. [PMID: 38648117 PMCID: PMC11367717 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.11164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Maternal depressive symptoms (MDS) affect most women during the first year postpartum. Mothers provide most of the nighttime care for infants, so studying the relationship between MDS and infant sleep location (ISL) is highly relevant to understanding maternal mental health over the first year of life and beyond. Infant sleep is studied by anthropologists, health care providers, and psychologists, with very little communication across disciplines. This review aimed to determine whether there is a predictive relationship between MDS and ISL. METHODS This systematic review searched 6 databases with terms related to maternal mood and ISL. Final analysis included 14 published studies, analyzed with narrative synthesis and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Included studies directly compared ISL and MDS. RESULTS Five studies showed no relationship between ISL and MDS, and 1 study found bedsharing reduced MDS. Five studies found cosleeping was related to higher MDS although directionality is mixed or missing, and 3 studies found an association at some ages or for some populations only. Examining studies according to type of infant sleep assessment, study design, age of infant, or breastfeeding status failed to detect consistent patterns. CONCLUSIONS A variety of study designs, types and definitions of variable measures, sample recruitment, and study outcomes prevent detection of a consistent relationship between MDS and ISL. We explore reasons for the elusive nature of a relationship and make recommendations for future research in MDS and ISL, including crossdisciplinary collaborations. CITATION Barry ES, D'Souza L. Maternal depressive symptoms and mother-infant cosleeping (including room sharing and bedsharing): a systematic review. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(9):1517-1533.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine S Barry
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, Fayette, Lemont Furnace, Pennsylvania
| | - Levita D'Souza
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Vogiatzoglou M, Iliadou M, Antoniou E, Andersson E, Mrvoljak-Theodoropoulou I, Dagla C, Sotiropoulou D, Tsolaridou E, Orovou E, Tomara E, Dagla M. Exploring the Relationship between Co-Sleeping, Maternal Mental Health and Expression of Complaints during Infancy, and Breastfeeding. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1278. [PMID: 38998813 PMCID: PMC11241345 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12131278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explores whether the implementation of co-sleeping in infants aged 6-12 months (a) is associated with maternal complaints and mothers' difficulties regarding their infant's sleep, (b) is associated with maternal mental health, (c) affects infant sleep characteristics and maternal sleep quality, and (d) is associated with breastfeeding. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional study conducted from July to November 2021. A total of 151 new mothers of infants aged 6-12 months participated. All participants were divided into two different groups, the group of mothers who adopted the co-sleeping method from birth up to the time of the survey and the group of those who did not adopt co-sleeping at that time. The Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire-Revised Short Form (BISQ-R SF), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and a questionnaire on mothers' demographics were administered. RESULTS Regarding the mothers' complaints, mothers who co-sleep with their children have lower sleep quality than those who do not co-sleep. In respect of the mothers' mental health, there did not seem to be a statistically significant difference in the two groups. Regarding the difficulties during the sleep process, children who sleep with their parents seem to have more difficulties compared to the others (p = 0.008). It was also shown that co-sleeping children seem to have more disturbed sleep compared to those who sleep alone (p = 0.018), and a general trend obtained of a significantly higher number of awakenings for co-sleeping children (p < 0.001). Finally, breastfeeding appeared to be more related to the children of the present sample sleeping with their parents (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that co-sleeping is associated with more difficulties in infant and maternal sleep, but no direct correlation with maternal mental health was found. In addition, it showed a positive correlation of co-sleeping with breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Vogiatzoglou
- Department of Midwifery, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (M.V.); (M.I.); (E.A.); (E.T.); (E.O.); (E.T.)
- Day Center for the Care of the Mental Health of Women (Perinatal Mental Health Disorders), Non-Profit Organization “FAINARETI”, 17121 Athens, Greece; (I.M.-T.); (C.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Maria Iliadou
- Department of Midwifery, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (M.V.); (M.I.); (E.A.); (E.T.); (E.O.); (E.T.)
| | - Evangelia Antoniou
- Department of Midwifery, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (M.V.); (M.I.); (E.A.); (E.T.); (E.O.); (E.T.)
- Day Center for the Care of the Mental Health of Women (Perinatal Mental Health Disorders), Non-Profit Organization “FAINARETI”, 17121 Athens, Greece; (I.M.-T.); (C.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Ewa Andersson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Irina Mrvoljak-Theodoropoulou
- Day Center for the Care of the Mental Health of Women (Perinatal Mental Health Disorders), Non-Profit Organization “FAINARETI”, 17121 Athens, Greece; (I.M.-T.); (C.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Calliope Dagla
- Day Center for the Care of the Mental Health of Women (Perinatal Mental Health Disorders), Non-Profit Organization “FAINARETI”, 17121 Athens, Greece; (I.M.-T.); (C.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Dimitra Sotiropoulou
- Day Center for the Care of the Mental Health of Women (Perinatal Mental Health Disorders), Non-Profit Organization “FAINARETI”, 17121 Athens, Greece; (I.M.-T.); (C.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Eleni Tsolaridou
- Department of Midwifery, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (M.V.); (M.I.); (E.A.); (E.T.); (E.O.); (E.T.)
- Day Center for the Care of the Mental Health of Women (Perinatal Mental Health Disorders), Non-Profit Organization “FAINARETI”, 17121 Athens, Greece; (I.M.-T.); (C.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Eirini Orovou
- Department of Midwifery, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (M.V.); (M.I.); (E.A.); (E.T.); (E.O.); (E.T.)
- Department of Midwifery, University of Western Macedonia, 50200 Ptolemaida, Greece
| | - Eirini Tomara
- Department of Midwifery, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (M.V.); (M.I.); (E.A.); (E.T.); (E.O.); (E.T.)
| | - Maria Dagla
- Department of Midwifery, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (M.V.); (M.I.); (E.A.); (E.T.); (E.O.); (E.T.)
- Day Center for the Care of the Mental Health of Women (Perinatal Mental Health Disorders), Non-Profit Organization “FAINARETI”, 17121 Athens, Greece; (I.M.-T.); (C.D.); (D.S.)
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Lin X, Chen X, Chen Y, Xu P, Chen S. Sleep initiation patterns and sleep quality among toddlers in the southeast of China: initial study results. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:298. [PMID: 38702673 PMCID: PMC11067071 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of psychological consequences including sleep health emerged during the 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Sleep patterns in toddlers are vulnerable to negative environmental exposures, however, very few studies on this topic have been published so far. OBJECTIVES In this paper, we aimed to investigate the sleep patterns and associated factors in toddlers from China confined at home in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS From April to November 2021, a convenience sample of 493 parents of young children aged (12-35 months) were surveyed from Fuzhou, Sanming, Quanzhou, Nanping, and Longyan cities in the Fujian Province, China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted via Electronic questionnaires to collect parent and child social-demographic characteristics. The Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) was used to collect data on sleep practices, sleep duration and patterns, as well as the number of nocturnal awaking . RESULTS The mean age of toddlers was 2.11 years old, and 52.54% (259/493) were males. Among the 493 toddlers' sleep patterns, 331(67.1%) initiated sleep accompanied by parents, 67(13.6%) slept independently, 59 (12.0%) were breast fed/bottle fed to initiate sleep, 27 (5.5%) were held and 9 (1.8%) rocked. The clear longitudinal association between the duration of night-time sleep, the frequency of nighttime awakenings, and various sleep patterns remains clear (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that sleep initiation with bottle-feeding/breast-feeding and rocked significantly increased the frequency of nighttime awakenings and reduced the duration of nighttime sleep (p < 0.05), as held was dramatically only for increasing the number of nighttime awakenings (p < 0.05). Multi-variate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that toddlers with severe sleep difficulties had a higher probability of being rocked to initiate sleep (p < 0.05). Conversely, young children with minor sleep problems were more apt to be in bed alone to initiate sleep (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic, most infants and toddlers initiated sleep accompanied by parents and tend to have electronic media exposure before bedtime. Increased waking at night may be associated with sleep initiation with breast-feeding/bottle-feeding. Therefore, pediatric practitioners in primary community hospitals should pay attention to the education and promotion of sleep hygiene and parenting knowledge of young children to avoid the formation of poor sleep hygiene habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xianrui Chen
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Xiamen Rehabilitation Hospital, No.468 Xianyue Road, Xiamen, 36100, China.
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Ping Xu
- Fujian Family Planning Association, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
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Garrido F, González-Caballero JL, García P, Gianni ML, Garrido S, González L, Atance V, Raffaeli G, Cavallaro G. Association between co-sleeping in the first year of life and preschoolers´ sleep patterns. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:2111-2119. [PMID: 38351212 PMCID: PMC11035441 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between co-sleeping practiced during the first year of life and preschoolers' sleep patterns. A cross-sectional study including toddlers was designed to analyze their sleep patterns. The Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire, validated in Spanish, was used to measure sleep quality. A latent class analysis was performed to identify qualitative subgroups in the sample and explore the effects of co-sleeping. The sleep patterns of 276 children were analyzed. A total of 181 (65%) parents reported having practiced co-sleeping with their children. The latent class analysis identified a two-class solution with two different sleep patterns. One of them showed a worse quality sleep pattern, which had a significant association with having practiced co-sleeping during the first year of life, and with the fact that they were still sleeping in the parents' room, among other characteristics related to co-sleeping and parental concerns. Breastfeeding also showed association with a worse quality sleep pattern. Conclusion: Based on the present findings, co-sleeping during the first year of life appears to be associated with poor sleep patterns in young preschoolers. What is Known: • Co-sleeping shows benefits for infants and parents, mainly facilitating successful breastfeeding. • Literature on the effect of co-sleeping in lately sleep quality in children and their parents is very limited. What is New: • Co-sleeping practiced during the first year of life could be associated with a worse sleep pattern measured with BISQ-E tool. • A balance between the correct practice of co-sleeping and the achievement of a healthy sleep routine in preschool should probably be part of parents' health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Garrido
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra. Calle Marquesado de Santa Marta, 1, Madrid (28227), Spain.
| | | | | | - Maria-Lorella Gianni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico. 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Garrido
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid (28227), Spain
| | - Lucía González
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid (28227), Spain
| | - Verónica Atance
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid (28227), Spain
| | - Genny Raffaeli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico. 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cavallaro
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico. 20122, Milan, Italy
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Ludington-Hoe SM, Addison C. Sudden Unexpected Postnatal Collapse: Review and Management. Neonatal Netw 2024; 43:76-91. [PMID: 38599773 DOI: 10.1891/nn-2023-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Sudden unexpected postnatal collapse (SUPC) of healthy newborns is a catastrophic event caused by cardiorespiratory collapse in a healthy newborn. The most common cause of SUPC is poor positioning of the newborn during skin-to-skin contact or breastfeeding when the newborn is not being observed by a health professional, attentive parent, or caretaker. Maternal/newborn health care professionals need to know about the essential information, definitions, incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, outcomes, and prevention and management strategies to minimize the occurrence and impact of SUPC. A sample SUPC hospital policy is included in the manuscript.
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Cato K, Funkquist EL, Karlsson Rosenblad A. Instrument development and an intervention to increase parents' self-efficacy regarding their infant's sleep. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2024; 39:100944. [PMID: 38183709 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2023.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many Swedish parents experience that their infant has sleeping problems. Parents' self-efficacy regarding their infants' sleep may play an important role in how they perceive these problems. This pilot study aimed to develop an instrument measuring parents' self-efficacy regarding their infant's sleep and to examine if parents' self-efficacy was affected by an intervention focusing on parental education. METHOD Mothers and fathers, at a maternity unit in Sweden, were drawn into either an intervention (n = 46) or a control (n = 42) group. The intervention group received a home visit from a nurse who provided information about infant sleep; the importance of attachment; and advice regarding sleep, breastfeeding and bed sharing, including guidelines for safe bed sharing. Three months later, the participants answered questions on background data, breastfeeding, sleep and self-efficacy. RESULTS The 11-item two-factor Uppsala Parental Self-Efficacy about Infant Sleep Instrument (UPPSEISI) was constructed to measure parents' perceived self-efficacy. In adjusted analyses, being in the intervention group was associated with a higher self-efficacy (P = 0.035), as were being a mother (P = 0.003) and being satisfied with one's own sleep (P = 0.007), while parents' own sleeping problems were associated with a lower self-efficacy (P = 0.015). CONCLUSION Importantly, parental education may increase parents' self-efficacy regarding their infant's sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Cato
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 14 B, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Eva-Lotta Funkquist
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 14 B, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Karlsson Rosenblad
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Statistics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Yoshida M, Ikeda A, Adachi H. Contributions of the light environment and co-sleeping to sleep consolidation into nighttime in early infants: A pilot study. Early Hum Dev 2024; 189:105923. [PMID: 38218083 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep consolidation into nighttime is considered the primary goal of sleep development in early infants. However, factors contributing to sleep consolidation into nighttime remain unclear. AIM To clarify the influences of the light environment and nighttime co-sleeping on sleep consolidation into nighttime in early infants. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Sleep-wake time and light stimulation were measured in infants for 4 consecutive days using actigraphy. The infants' mothers were asked to complete a sleep events diary and a questionnaire about childcare, including "co-sleeping", defined as when the infant and mother slept on the same surface throughout the night. OUTCOME MEASURES The data were analyzed with a focus on daytime and nighttime sleep parameters. RESULTS Daytime light stimulation reduced daytime "active sleep", tended to reduce daytime sleep, and increased daytime waking. Nighttime light stimulation reduced nighttime "quiet sleep" and nighttime sleep and increased nighttime waking. Co-sleeping reduced nighttime waking, and, as a result, nighttime sleep time and sleep efficiency increased. Co-sleeping reduced daytime sleep and tended to increase daytime waking. Consequently, co-sleeping tended to increase the ratio of nighttime sleep to daytime sleep. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that an appropriate light environment promotes daytime waking and nighttime sleep in early infants, but it does not contribute to sleep consolidation into nighttime by itself. On the other hand, co-sleeping may promote sleep consolidation into nighttime. Therefore, further methods for safe co-sleeping need to be established while avoiding risk factors for sudden unexpected death in infancy/sudden infant death syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Yoshida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan; Department of Maternity Child Nursing, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Atsuko Ikeda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Adachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan.
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Tracer DP. Evolutionary and empirical perspectives on 'demand' breastfeeding: The baby in the driver's seat or the back seat? Evol Med Public Health 2024; 12:24-32. [PMID: 38380129 PMCID: PMC10878247 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives The concept of 'demand' breastfeeding is central in public health. A key feature of the concept is that the infant is the locus of control in the breastfeeding process; when the breast is demanded by the infant, it is given the opportunity to feed. This study questions this notion of the infant as the locus of control in demand breastfeeding for empirical and theoretical reasons. From an evolutionary perspective, infants are expected to seek maximal investment and, against this backdrop of maximal investment-seeking, parents decide how much investment to put into offspring. Methodology Focal follows were conducted among 113 mother-infant dyads in Papua New Guinea. During these follows, response times and types of responses, including breastfeeding to offspring fussing and crying, were recorded. Results Infants were breastfed an average of 3.6 times/hour for just over 2 min/feed. Fussing and crying were responded to quickly, with most response times under 1 min. When the mother responded, she breastfed the child approximately 52% of the time. The other 48% of the time, mothers responded to infants with other forms of pacification. Mothers were significantly less likely to respond to infants by breastfeeding if the child had been breastfed within the past 59-76 min. Conclusion/Implications As predicted by evolutionary parental investment theory, infants make frequent demands on their parents for investment, but mothers are ultimately the locus of control in the investment process. The mother decides whether and how frequently to breastfeed her offspring against this backdrop of near-continuous investment demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Tracer
- Department of Health and Behavioral Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
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10
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Zimmerman D, Bartick M, Feldman-Winter L, Ball HL. ABM Clinical Protocol #37: Physiological Infant Care-Managing Nighttime Breastfeeding in Young Infants. Breastfeed Med 2023; 18:159-168. [PMID: 36927076 PMCID: PMC10083892 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2023.29236.abm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
A central goal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine (ABM) is the development of clinical protocols for managing common medical problems that may impact breastfeeding success. These protocols serve only as guidelines for the care of breastfeeding mothers and infants and do not delineate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as standards of medical care. Variations in treatment may be appropriate according to the needs of an individual patient. The ABM empowers health professionals to provide safe, inclusive, patient-centered, and evidence-based care. Pregnant and lactating people identify with a broad spectrum of genders, pronouns, and terms for feeding and parenting. There are two reasons ABM's use of gender-inclusive language may be transitional or inconsistent across protocols. First, gender-inclusive language is nuanced and evolving across languages, cultures, and countries. Second, foundational research has not adequately described the experiences of gender-diverse individuals. Therefore, ABM advocates for, and will strive to use language that is as inclusive and accurate as possible within this framework. For more explanation, please read ABM Position Statements on Infant Feeding and Lactation-Related Language and Gender (https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2021.29188.abm) and Breastfeeding As a Basic Human Right (https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2022.29216.abm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Zimmerman
- Maternal-Child and Adolescent Division, Public Health Service, Israel Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Melissa Bartick
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lori Feldman-Winter
- Department of Pediatrics, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Helen L Ball
- Durham Infancy and Sleep Centre, Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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Tahir M, Cobigo V. Accessibility of child protection investigations during pandemic: A qualitative analysis of court proceedings. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2023; 36:343-353. [PMID: 36530018 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Qualitative research using published court records to examine contextual factors that contribute to child protection decisions in cases involving parents with intellectual disabilities is limited, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD The present study conducted qualitative content analysis on 10 published Ontario court cases to study child protection decision-making between 2019 and 2021. RESULTS The findings corroborated previous literature with nine out of 10 cases resulting in loss of child custody. Four major themes emerged from content analysis: (1) Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cases; (2) Systemic barriers to accessibility; (3) Attitudes and bias toward parents with intellectual disabilities; and (4) Ultimate reliance on intellectual disability status for final custody decision. CONCLUSIONS Conducting content analysis on published court cases is useful in learning about accessibility barriers for parents with intellectual disabilities and may help in understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the child protection system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza Tahir
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Virginie Cobigo
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Markovic A, Schoch SF, Huber R, Kohler M, Kurth S. The sleeping brain's connectivity and family environment: characterizing sleep EEG coherence in an infant cohort. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2055. [PMID: 36739318 PMCID: PMC9899221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain connectivity closely reflects brain function and behavior. Sleep EEG coherence, a measure of brain's connectivity during sleep, undergoes pronounced changes across development under the influence of environmental factors. Yet, the determinants of the developing brain's sleep EEG coherence from the child's family environment remain unknown. After characterizing high-density sleep EEG coherence in 31 healthy 6-month-old infants by detecting strongly synchronized clusters through a data-driven approach, we examined the association of sleep EEG coherence from these clusters with factors from the infant's family environment. Clusters with greatest coherence were observed over the frontal lobe. Higher delta coherence over the left frontal cortex was found in infants sleeping in their parents' room, while infants sleeping in a room shared with their sibling(s) showed greater delta coherence over the central parts of the frontal cortex, suggesting a link between local brain connectivity and co-sleeping. Finally, lower occipital delta coherence was associated with maternal anxiety regarding their infant's sleep. These interesting links between sleep EEG coherence and family factors have the potential to serve in early health interventions as a new set of targets from the child's immediate environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andjela Markovic
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland. .,Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Sarah F Schoch
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Reto Huber
- Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malcolm Kohler
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Salome Kurth
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Landsem IP, Cheetham NB. Infant sleep as a topic in healthcare guidance of parents, prenatally and the first 6 months after birth: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1135. [PMID: 36076290 PMCID: PMC9454198 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This scoping review focuses on infant sleep-related factors and themes that are relevant when health practitioners provide preventive health services to expectant and new parents. Methods A systematic literature search in CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycINFO, published in 2010 or later, identified 1661 records. The search was further narrowed to focus on sleep in healthy term-born infants until the second half of the first year of life. A blinded review by both authors covered 136 papers, of which 43 papers were reviewed in the full text. Finally, 38 articles were included in the data extraction. Results The analysis process showed that the selected studies formed three main information categories: 11 studies thematised safe infant sleep issues, 10 studies described design and findings from sleep-related intervention studies, and 17 studies focused on different parent-child interactive aspects that may influence the quality and duration of infant sleep in the first six months of life. The main finding is that knowledge about early infant sleep is very complex, and includes both child, parent, and environmental factors. Several studies have shown that the concepts and factors related to safe infant sleep also influence the development of healthy infant sleep patterns. Thus, these aspects are interwoven with each other and should be addressed together in communication with parents. Conclusions Health practitioners with different professional backgrounds need to search for an agreement on when and how different aspects of sleep-related knowledge should be communicated to new and expectant parents to enable the design of national follow-up programs. Parents want coherent and personalized services regarding infant sleep issues that may allow them to choose sleeping arrangements, routines, and behaviors that fit in with their sociocultural attitudes and traditions. Many different sources and formats may be used to empower parents regarding infant sleep issues. Studies have described the use of group or individual meetings, videos, and written materials. The key issue is the importance of consistent and seamless knowledge-based services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Pauline Landsem
- The Arctic University of Norway, The Health Research Faculty, Institute of Health and Caring Science, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019, Tromsø, Norway. .,Child and Adolescent Department, University Hospital of North Norway, Sykehusvegen 38, 9019, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Nina Bøhle Cheetham
- The Arctic University of Norway, The Health Research Faculty, Institute of Health and Caring Science, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
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14
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The Impact of Breastfeeding and Safe Sleep Mobile Health Messaging on Breastfeeding and Bedsharing. Acad Pediatr 2022; 22:927-934. [PMID: 35124281 PMCID: PMC9349472 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mobile health (mHealth) safe sleep messaging increases rates of safe sleep. Bedsharing is more common among breastfeeders. Advice to not bedshare may negatively impact breastfeeding. We compared the impact of safe sleep or breastfeeding mHealth messaging on bedsharing and breastfeeding at 2 to 5 months. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of mothers who initiated breastfeeding from a cluster randomized clinical trial of mHealth messaging for safe sleep or breastfeeding. A multi-ethnic sample of 1600 mothers was recruited from 16 US birth hospitals and surveyed at 2 to 5 months regarding the previous 2 weeks' breastfeeding and bedsharing practices. Data on 997 mothers who initiated breastfeeding were analyzed with multivariable generalized estimating logistic regression models to examine the association of mHealth messaging with infant care practices. RESULTS Overall, exposure to breastfeeding versus safe sleep messaging was not associated with a difference in any breastfeeding at 2 to 5 months (69.3% vs 65.5%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.33 [95% confidence interval, 0.91, 1.94]). Women with shorter planned duration of breastfeeding who received breastfeeding messaging had increased odds of breastfeeding at 2 to 5 months (50% vs 31%; aOR 3.13 [95% CI, 1.47, 6.65]). Mothers who received safe sleep messaging had lower rates of bedsharing overall when compared to breastfeeding messaging (24.8% vs 35.2%; aOR = 0.58 [95% CI, 0.44, 0.78]). CONCLUSIONS In this large multi-ethnic US sample, receipt of safe sleep mHealth messaging was associated with lower rates of bedsharing without negatively impacting breastfeeding rates. Future research should focus on continued development of interventions to improve adherence to both safe sleep and breastfeeding recommendations.
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15
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Bartick M, Barr AW, Feldman-Winter L, Guxens M, Tiemeier H. The Role of Breastfeeding in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Sudden Unexpected Infant Death: A Population-Based Study of 13 Million Infants in the United States. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:1190-1201. [PMID: 35292797 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) disproportionately affects non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and American Indian/Alaskan Native infants, who have lower rates of breastfeeding than other groups. Using 13,077,880 live-birth certificates and 11,942 linked SUID death certificates from 2015 through 2018, we calculated odds ratios and adjusted risk differences of SUID in infants who were not breastfed across 5 racial/ethnic strata in the United States. We analyzed mediation by not breastfeeding in the race/ethnicity-SUID association. The overall SUID rate was 0.91 per 1,000 live births. NHB and American Indian/Alaskan Native infants had the highest disparity in SUID relative to non-Hispanic White infants. Overall, not breastfeeding was associated with SUID (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10, 1.19), and the adjusted risk difference was 0.12 per 1,000 live births. The aOR of not breastfeeding for SUID was 1.07 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.14) in NHB infants and 1.29 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.46) in Hispanic infants. Breastfeeding minimally explained the higher SUID risk in NHB infants (2.3% mediated) and the lower risk in Hispanic infants (2.1% mediated) relative to non-Hispanic White infants. Competing risks likely explain the lower aOR seen in NHB infants of not breastfeeding on SUID, suggesting that social or structural determinants must be addressed to reduce racial disparities in SUID.
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16
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Yang YT, Zou JJ, Wei Q, Shi YY, Zhang YH, Shi HJ. A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Bed-Sharing Experience in Infancy on Sleep Outcomes at 2 Years Old. J Pediatr 2022; 245:142-148.e2. [PMID: 35120991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of bed-sharing experiences in infancy on sleep patterns and sleep problems at 2 years of age. STUDY DESIGN A total of 1564 children from an ongoing Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort were included. Bed-sharing experiences were collected when children were 2, 6, and 24 months old via caregiver-completed questionnaires (whether caregivers shared a bed with children during the night), and children's bed-sharing experiences were classified as follows: no bed-sharing, early-only bed-sharing, late-onset bed-sharing, and persistent bed-sharing. Sleep outcomes at month 24 were assessed using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. Sleep patterns and problems were compared among the 4 types of bed-sharing experiences. RESULTS Of the 1564 infants, 10.10% had no bed-sharing, 18.35% had early-only, 27.94% had late-onset, and 43.61% had persistent bed-sharing. Compared with children with no bed-sharing, children with late-onset and persistent bed-sharing had shorter nighttime sleep durations and longer daytime sleep durations (P < .05) and were more likely to snore (aOR 1.87 [95% CI 1.25-2.79]; aOR 1.68 [95% CI 1.14-2.47]) and have sleep onset difficulty (aOR 2.06 [95% CI 1.37-3.09]; aOR 2.07 [95% CI 1.41-3.05]). However, caregivers of infants in the late-onset and persistent bed-sharing groups perceived less problematic sleep (aOR 0.38 [95% CI 0.26-0.56] and aOR 0.40 [95% CI 0.28-0.58]). CONCLUSIONS Bed-sharing is a common experience among Chinese children. Although bed-sharing may reduce caregivers' perception of children's problematic sleep, late-onset or persistent bed-sharing in infancy is associated with sleep problems at 2 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Zou
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Yang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Jing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Syam A, Qasim M, Iskandar I, Kadir A. Cortisol, Prolactin, and Breastmilk Volume; A Promising Pattern for Reducing Postpartum Depression. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Research shows postnatal depression and shorter breastfeeding are consistently related, but their causal effect remains debatable. To reduce the impact of mental disorders in the perinatal period, lactation may give a significant neuroendocrine effect.
AIM: This study aimed to examine hormonal patterns and estimated breastmilk volume of mothers with depression.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted during the three-trimester to 6-week postnatal period. It involved 60 pregnant women from South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to compare and review fluctuations and effect sizes of cortisol, prolactin, and breastmilk volume of mothers with depression symptoms.
RESULTS: The mean cortisol levels rose in the 4th week and decreased in the 6th week in both groups. There was no substantial difference in the cortisol levels between these periods (p = 0.534; p = 0.553; and p = 0.660), but the prolactin levels continuously increased by 2 weeks and substantially progressed in the 4th and 6th weeks (p < 0.028, p < 0.009), respectively. There was no positive association between cortisol and prolactin levels (p = 0.384). The breastmilk volume was higher every week only in mothers without depression and it slightly decreased in other categories. This study emphasized the prolactin’s protective effect size on a stressful environment characterized by high cortisol; a significant rise in prolactin levels occurred in the 2nd and 4th weeks of postnatal, marking the higher lactation.
CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding hormones may provide protection against postpartum depression in moms. It is critical to establish a history of prior trauma in nursing mothers in order to facilitate diagnosis and proper care.
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18
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Using complexity science to understand the role of co-sleeping (bedsharing) in mother-infant co-regulatory processes. Infant Behav Dev 2022; 67:101723. [PMID: 35594598 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2022.101723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human infants spend most of their time sleeping, but over the first few years of life their sleep becomes regulated to coincide more closely with adult sleep (Galland et al., 2012; Paavonen et al., 2020). Evidence shows that co-sleeping played a role in the evolution of infant sleep regulation, as it is part of an ancient behavioral complex representing the biopsychosocial microenvironment in which human infants co-evolved with their mothers through millions of years of human history (Ball, 2003; McKenna 1986, 1990). This paper is a conceptual, interdisciplinary, integration of the literature on mother-infant co-sleeping and other mother-infant co-regulatory processes from an evolutionary (biological) perspective, using complexity science. Viewing the mother-infant dyad as a "complex adaptive system" (CAS) shows how the CAS fits assumptions of regulatory processes and reveals the role of the CAS in the ontogeny of mother-infant co-regulation of physiological (thermoregulation, breathing, circadian rhythm coordination, nighttime synchrony, and heart rate variability) and socioemotional (attachment and cortisol activity) development.
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19
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Bartick M, Young M, Louis-Jacques A, McKenna JJ, Ball HL. Bedsharing may partially explain the reduced risk of sleep-related death in breastfed infants. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1081028. [PMID: 36582509 PMCID: PMC9792691 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1081028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bartick
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital/Beth Israel Lahey Health, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michal Young
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Adetola Louis-Jacques
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - James J McKenna
- Department of Anthropology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States.,Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Helen L Ball
- Department of Anthropology, Durham Infancy & Sleep Centre, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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20
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Dixley A, Ball HL. The effect of swaddling on infant sleep and arousal: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1000180. [PMID: 36533224 PMCID: PMC9748185 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Western parents swaddle infants to promote sleep and reduce night-waking, however recent evidence of the effects of swaddling on the sleep of healthy infants has not been systematically reviewed. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of swaddling on the sleep of infants up to 1 year of age using a narrative synthesis approach. DATA SOURCES We systematically searched five academic databases, including the Cochrane trial registry (Pubmed, PsycINFO, Embase, the Cochrane library, and Blackwell Synergy). We manually searched reference lists and citations of included studies and reference lists of existing reviews. STUDY SELECTION Studies of any type, published since 2007, reporting primary data whose subjects were humans up to 12 months of age with outcome measures relating to the impact of swaddling on sleep and arousal. DATA EXTRACTION By hand using a customized template. A narrative synthesis is used to present the results. RESULTS In total 171 studies were retrieved with 115 studies discarded at title. A further 43 were discarded at abstract, and six were discarded at full text. Two papers were combined as they reported on the same study giving a total of 6 studies that met the inclusion criteria for the review. An evidence hierarchy was used to assess Risk of Bias in the included studies; the results are presented via a narrative synthesis. Swaddling was associated with increased duration of quiet sleep in infants and a significantly reduced number of sleep state changes among infants naïve to the intervention. LIMITATIONS The integrity of the intervention (swaddling) including its baseline characteristics, was defined broadly across the included studies limiting the interpretation and transferability of the results of this review. CONCLUSIONS Swaddling appears to increase quiet sleep duration in infants and reduces the number of sleep state changes among infants naïve to the intervention. Parents should be made aware that implementing conditions unfavorable to arousability may increase SUDI risk among infant who have not previously been swaddled. This review has relevance for informing future practice recommendations and parent advice as well as in designing future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Dixley
- Durham Infancy & Sleep Centre, Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L Ball
- Durham Infancy & Sleep Centre, Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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21
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Bach V, Libert JP. Hyperthermia and Heat Stress as Risk Factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: A Narrative Review. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:816136. [PMID: 35498814 PMCID: PMC9051231 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.816136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Heat stress and hyperthermia are common findings in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) victims. It has been suggested that thermal stress can increase the risk of SIDS directly via lethal hyperthermia or indirectly by altering autonomic functions. Major changes in sleep, thermoregulation, cardiovascular function, and the emergence of circadian functions occur at the age at which the risk of SIDS peaks-explaining the greater vulnerability at this stage of development. Here, we review the literature data on (i) heat stress and hyperthermia as direct risk factors for SIDS, and (ii) the indirect effects of thermal loads on vital physiological functions. RESULTS Various situations leading to thermal stress (i.e., outdoors temperatures, thermal insulation from clothing and bedding, the prone position, bed-sharing, and head covering) have been analyzed. Hyperthermia mainly results from excessive clothing and bedding insulation with regard to the ambient thermal conditions. The appropriate amount of clothing and bedding thermal insulation for homeothermia requires further research. The prone position and bed-sharing do not have major thermal impacts; the elevated risk of SIDS in these situations cannot be explained solely by thermal factors. Special attention should be given to brain overheating because of the head's major role in body heat losses, heat production, and autonomic functions. Thermal stress can alter cardiovascular and respiratory functions, which in turn can lead to life-threatening events (e.g., bradycardia, apnea with blood desaturation, and glottal closure). Unfortunately, thermal load impairs the responses to these challenges by reducing chemosensitivity, arousability, and autoresuscitation. As a result, thermal load (even when not lethal directly) can interact detrimentally with vital physiological functions. CONCLUSIONS With the exception of excessive thermal insulation (which can lead to lethal hyperthermia), the major risk factors for SIDS appears to be associated with impairments of vital physiological functions when the infant is exposed to thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Bach
- PeriTox, UMR_I 01, UPJV/INERIS, Jules Verne University of Picardy, Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Libert
- PeriTox, UMR_I 01, UPJV/INERIS, Jules Verne University of Picardy, Amiens, France
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22
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Barry ES, McKenna JJ. Reasons mothers bedshare: A review of its effects on infant behavior and development. Infant Behav Dev 2021; 66:101684. [PMID: 34929477 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bedsharing is controversial for nighttime caregiving in the U.S. today, as in most of the West. However, from the standpoint of evolutionary pediatrics, anthropology, and cultural psychology, bedsharing is not controversial at all, representing the context for human infant evolution and conferring a host of physiological benefits to the infant as well as the mother. In an effort to understand the rise in Western bedsharing in recent decades (and following Ball, 2002; McKenna & Volpe, 2007), Salm Ward (2015) systematically reviewed the literature on mother-infant bedsharing and identified ten reasons why mothers choose to bedshare: (1) breastfeeding, (2) comforting for mother or infant, (3) better/more sleep for infant or parent, (4) monitoring, (5) bonding/ attachment, (6) environmental reasons, (7) crying, (8) cultural or familial traditions, (9) disagree with danger, and (10) maternal instinct. The current paper offers the "review behind the review," highlighting the scientific evidence behind the reasons mothers give for their decision to bedshare, focusing on how mothers' decisions about infant sleep location influence infant behavior and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine S Barry
- Human Development & Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, Fayette, The Eberly Campus, USA.
| | - James J McKenna
- Mother-Baby Sleep Lab, Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA; Department of Anthropology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
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23
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Goldwater PN, Oberg EO. Infection, Celestial Influences, and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: A New Paradigm. Cureus 2021; 13:e17449. [PMID: 34589355 PMCID: PMC8463918 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) still remains unclear. This situation would seem unprecedented for 21st-century medical science. This article explores scientific fields that have not been largely considered in investigating the etiology of SIDS so far. In this study, we examined previously ignored studies on heliobiology, celestial influences, and SIDS in the non-medical literature in an attempt to answer the following questions: is there a relationship between sunspot/solar activity and the occurrence of SIDS? Could there be alternative reasons for the decline in SIDS incidences in the 1990s that were originally attributed to the “Back-to-Sleep” campaign? We note that the decline coincided with the ~11-year cyclical diminution in sunspot numbers (SSNs). The SSN/SIDS relationship does not necessarily imply causality; however, it supports published data regarding sunspots, Schumann resonance, and geomagnetic effects. How solar energy could adversely influence a baby’s existence remains conjectural. Observations in this respect suggest pathways involving melatonin and/or infection/inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Goldwater
- Pathology-Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, AUS
| | - Edward O Oberg
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
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24
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MacFarlane M, Thompson JMD, Mitchell EA, Lawton B, McLardy EM, Jonas SD, Tepania-Palmer G, Roa T, Warren G, Jowsey T. Pēpē-infant sleep practices and sudden unexpected death in infancy in Aotearoa New Zealand. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021; 155:305-317. [PMID: 34473352 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore pēpē [infant] sleep practices and the key motivators among selected Māori and non-Māori māmā [mothers] in Auckland, New Zealand, in relation to the risk of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI). METHODS Qualitative research underpinned by a kaupapa Māori cultural framework was undertaken. In-depth face-to-face interviews occurred in the homes of māmā with young pēpē born in Counties Manukau, Auckland. Interview transcripts were analyzed using general purpose thematic analysis. RESULTS Thirty māmā participated, including 17 Māori. Two-thirds of māmā reported previous or current bed sharing. The fundamental human need for adequate sleep motivated half the māmā in the present study, and especially Māori māmā, to bed share. The second most common reason given was closeness and convenience. This was followed by breastfeeding, which was cited as a reason by Māori māmā only. These findings were interpreted in terms of intrinsic fear, culture, and māmā deployment of knowledge. CONCLUSION Service providers are encouraged to respond to the lived experiences and cultural realities, values, and beliefs of māmā when designing and delivering effective SUDI prevention interventions. Innovative approaches for providing structured and opportunistic, culturally appropriate education and support around safe sleep are likely to be well-received by māmā and their whānau [family/ies].
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie MacFarlane
- Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Te Whare Wānanga o Tāmaki Makaurau-University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John M D Thompson
- Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Te Whare Wānanga o Tāmaki Makaurau-University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Edwin A Mitchell
- Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Te Whare Wānanga o Tāmaki Makaurau-University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Beverley Lawton
- Te Tātai Hauora O Hine-Centre for Women's Health Research, Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Tom Roa
- Te Pua Wānanga ki te Ao-Faculty of Māori and Indigenous Studies, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato-University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Tanisha Jowsey
- Centre for Medical and Health Sciences Education, Te Whare Wānanga o Tāmaki Makaurau, Auckland, New Zealand
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25
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Spaeth AM, Khetarpal R, Yu D, Pien GW, Herring SJ. Determinants of postpartum sleep duration and sleep efficiency in minority women. Sleep 2021; 44:5998103. [PMID: 33220056 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral determinants of postpartum sleep duration and sleep efficiency among a cohort of black and Latina women. METHODS Data were from 148 women (67% black, 32% Latina) at 5 months postpartum, recruited from an academic medical center in Philadelphia. Relevant demographic, psychosocial and behavioral predictors were assessed via questionnaire. Nocturnal sleep was objectively measured for 1 week using wrist actigraphy. Sleep duration was examined as a continuous variable and in categories (<7 versus ≥7 h per night); sleep efficiency was examined as a continuous variable. Independent multiple linear regression models were built to evaluate significant determinants of sleep. RESULTS Adjusted models revealed that breastfeeding, having a bedtime after midnight, and being employed were associated with shorter sleep duration (-25-33 min, all p < 0.05). Multiparity, being unmarried, being employed, breastfeeding, having a bedtime after midnight, bedsharing, and responding to infant awakenings by getting up immediately rather than waiting a few minutes to see if the infant fell back asleep, were all significant determinants of sleeping <7 h per night (OR varying: 2.29-4.59, all p < 0.05). Bedsharing was the only variable identified from the multiple regression model that associated with poorer sleep efficiency (-3.8%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Findings may inform interventions for improving postpartum sleep in socioeconomically disadvantaged, racial/ethnic minority postpartum women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Spaeth
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Risha Khetarpal
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Grace W Pien
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sharon J Herring
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There is great global variation in the sleeping arrangements for healthy newborn infants. Bed sharing is a type of sleeping practice in which the sleeping surface (e.g. bed, couch or armchair, or some other sleeping surface) is shared between the infant and another person. The possible physiological benefits include better oxygen and cardiopulmonary stability, fewer crying episodes, less risk of hypothermia, and a longer duration of breastfeeding. On the other hand, the most important harmful effect of bed sharing is that it may increase the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Studies have found conflicting evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of bed sharing during infancy. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bed sharing, started during the neonatal period, on breastfeeding status (exclusive and total duration of breastfeeding), incidence of SIDS, rates of hypothermia, neonatal and infant mortality, and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. SEARCH METHODS We used the standard search strategy of Cochrane Neonatal to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2020, Issue 7) in the Cochrane Library; MEDLINE via PubMed (1966 to 23 July 2020), CINAHL (1982 to 23 July 2020), and LILACS (1980 to 23 July 2020). We also searched clinical trials databases, and the reference lists of retrieved articles, for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTS. SELECTION CRITERIA We planned to include RCTs or quasi-RCTs (including cluster-randomised trials) that included term neonates initiated on bed sharing within 24 hours of birth (and continuing to bed share with the mother in the first four weeks of life, followed by a variable time period thereafter), and compared them to a 'no bed sharing' group. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures as recommended by Cochrane. We planned to use the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of evidence. MAIN RESULTS Our search strategy yielded 6231 records. After removal of duplicate records, we screened 2745 records by title and abstract. We excluded 2739 records that did not match our inclusion criteria. We obtained six full-text studies for assessment. These six studies did not meet the eligibility criteria and were excluded. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We did not find any studies that met our inclusion criteria. There is a need for RCTs on bed sharing in healthy term neonates that directly assess efficacy (i.e. studies in a controlled setting, like hospital) or effectiveness (i.e. studies conducted in community or home settings) and safety. Future studies should assess outcomes such as breastfeeding status and risk of SIDS. They should also include neonates from high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries, especially those countries where bed sharing is more prevalent because of cultural practices (e.g. Asian countries).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi R Das
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Mari Jeeva Sankar
- Newborn Health Knowledge Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Training and Research in Newborn Care, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Agarwal
- Newborn Health Knowledge Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Training and Research in Newborn Care, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
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Barry ES. Sleep Consolidation, Sleep Problems, and Co-Sleeping: Rethinking Normal Infant Sleep as Species-Typical. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 2021; 182:183-204. [PMID: 33783334 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2021.1905599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Infants evolved in the context of close contact (including co-sleeping). Evolutionary context is rarely considered in psychological infant sleep research, and Western sleep researchers make assumptions about what optimal "normal" infant sleep is and how to achieve early, deep, infant sleep consolidation and avoid infant sleep problems. However, an evolutionary and anthropological view of infant sleep as species-typical recognizes that human evolution likely prepared the infant brain for optimal development within its evolutionary context - co-sleeping. Thus, "normal" infant sleep, sleep consolidation, and sleep problems should all be understood within the framework of co-sleeping infants, not the historically new-phenomenon of solitary-sleeping infants. Much work needs to be done in order to understand "normal" infant sleep as species-typical and how adaptive infants are to environments that stray from their evolutionary norm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine S Barry
- Human Development & Family Studies, Penn State Fayette, The Eberly Campus, Lemont Furnace, PA, USA
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28
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Stahn D, Leinweber J. [Does Bed-Sharing Increase the Risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome? - A Review of the Literature and Official Guidelines of Selected EU Countries]. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2021; 225:397-405. [PMID: 33752248 DOI: 10.1055/a-1392-1324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Europe in 2015, 726 infants died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Bed-sharing is often discussed as a risk factor for SIDS. This paper examines the evidence on the impact of bed-sharing on the risk of SIDS and considers the official recommendations of individual EU countries on safe infant sleep. METHOD An integrative literature review was conducted. The Cochrane Library, Pubmed, CINAHL, and MIDRIS databases were searched using the keywords "Sudden Infant Death Syndrome", "SIDS", bed sharing", "breastfeeding" and "baby sleep" for articles in the German or English language that were published between 2012 and February 2019. In a second step, official recommendations for safe baby sleep from 6 EU countries were analyzed. RESULTS The risk for SIDS in bed-sharing three months postpartum is not higher in the absence of risk factors. Not all EU country recommendations on bed-sharing and SIDS differentiate between bed-sharing in the first 3 months of the baby's life and bed-sharing with babies 3 months or older. CONCLUSION Parents and health care professionals need evidence-based information to optimize the newborn baby's sleeping environment. Official recommendations on safe baby sleep should be assessed in regards to their congruence with current research findings on bed-sharing and SIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dörthe Stahn
- Evangelische Hochschule Berlin, Midwifery, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Julia Leinweber
- Evangelische Hochschule Berlin, Midwifery, Berlin, Deutschland
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29
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Nakagawa M, Ohta H, Shimabukuro R, Asaka Y, Nakazawa T, Oishi Y, Hirata M, Ando A, Ikeda T, Yoshimura Y, Mitani Y, Kaneshi Y, Morioka K, Fukutomi R, Kobayashi K, Ozawa M, Takeshima M, Mishima K, Kikuchi M, Cho K, Yoda H, Kusakawa I. Daytime nap and nighttime breastfeeding are associated with toddlers' nighttime sleep. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3028. [PMID: 33542276 PMCID: PMC7862350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to examine the association between toddlers' sleep arrangements and their nighttime sleep duration and other sleep variables. For this investigation, we performed a study in which child activity and sleep levels were recorded using actigraphy. The parents of 1.5-year-old toddlers (n = 106) were asked to attach an actigraphy unit to their child’s waist with an adjustable elastic belt and complete a sleep diary for 7 consecutive days. Questionnaires were used to assess the sleep arrangements of the toddlers. There was a significant negative correlation between nap duration and nighttime sleep duration, suggesting that longer nap sleep induces shorter nighttime sleep duration. Among the sleep arrangements, such as nighttime breastfeeding or co-sleeping, only nighttime breastfeeding predicted shorter nighttime sleep duration. Our findings indicate that shorter naps induce a longer nighttime sleep in 1.5-year-old toddlers while nighttime breastfeeding decreases their nighttime sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machiko Nakagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan.,Pediatric Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, 10-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0044, Japan.,Department of Neonatology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Ohta
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Hondo 1-1-1, Akita, Akita, 010-8543, Japan. .,Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan. .,Department of Psychiatry, Asai Hospital, 38-1 Togane, Chiba, 283-0062, Japan.
| | - Rinshu Shimabukuro
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Yoko Asaka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12, W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takayo Nakazawa
- Maternity and Perinatal Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Oishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, 4-1-22 Hiroo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8935, Japan
| | - Michio Hirata
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Akiko Ando
- Maternity and Perinatal Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikeda
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yuko Yoshimura
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.,Institute of Human and Social Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 921-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mitani
- Department of Pediatrics, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yousuke Kaneshi
- Maternity and Perinatal Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Keita Morioka
- Maternity and Perinatal Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Rika Fukutomi
- Pediatric Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, 10-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0044, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kobayashi
- Pediatric Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, 10-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0044, Japan
| | - Miwa Ozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takeshima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Hondo 1-1-1, Akita, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kazuo Mishima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Hondo 1-1-1, Akita, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Cho
- Maternity and Perinatal Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoda
- Department of Neonatology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Isao Kusakawa
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan.,Pediatric Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, 10-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0044, Japan
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30
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Missler M, van Straten A, Denissen J, Donker T, Beijers R. Effectiveness of a psycho-educational intervention for expecting parents to prevent postpartum parenting stress, depression and anxiety: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:658. [PMID: 33129314 PMCID: PMC7603696 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first months postpartum can be challenging for parents, leading to elevated symptoms of parenting stress, depression and anxiety. In turn, distressed parents are at higher risk for providing suboptimal quality of caregiving. As psychoeducational interventions can be effective in reducing psychological distress, the goal of this randomized controlled trial was to examine the effectiveness of low-intensity universal psychoeducational program to prevent postpartum parenting stress, and to enhance parental well-being and caregiving quality. METHOD Between 26 and 34 weeks of pregnancy, 138 pregnant women and 96 partners were randomized to the intervention or a waitlist control group. The intervention consisted of a booklet, a video, a home visit, and a telephone call. Information was provided on (1) sensitive responsiveness, adapting to the parental role, and attending to own needs; (2) crying patterns; (3) feeding (arrangements); and (4) sleeping (arrangements). The primary outcome was parenting stress postpartum. Secondary outcomes were additional measures of distress (depression and anxiety), parental well-being, and caregiving quality. RESULTS Both groups showed a rise in distress after birth. No between-group differences were observed on parenting stress, nor on the secondary outcomes. The intervention was rated as useful and of added value by the parents. CONCLUSION This study offered no evidence that our universal prevention program was effective in decreasing parental distress or in increasing caregiving quality. However, parents found aspects of the intervention useful. More research is needed, including a longer period of follow-up as well as observational measures of parents' responsiveness. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial has been registered on 15 September 2016 in the Netherlands National Trial Register, ID: NTR6065, https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/5782 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Missler
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Section of Clinical Psychology & Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke van Straten
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Section of Clinical Psychology & Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Denissen
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tara Donker
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Section of Clinical Psychology & Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Biological and Personality Psychology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 8, D-79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Roseriet Beijers
- Radboud University, Behavioural Science Institute, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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31
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the perceptions of (1) parents, childcare, and health care providers regarding sleep health among multiethnic infants and toddlers living with socioeconomic adversity, (2) factors that contribute to sleep health and its consequences, and (3) best ways to promote sleep health in these children. METHODS Nested within a larger community-engaged mixed methods study, we used a descriptive qualitative design to describe the experience of multiethnic young parents who were raising 6- to 36-month-old children, pediatric health care providers, and childcare providers living and working in an urban under-resourced community. Semistructured interviews with 25 parents and 16 providers were conducted, transcribed, coded, and analyzed using thematic analysis by a 6-member research team. Interviews continued until themes were saturated. RESULTS Parent responses and provider responses resulted in overlapping and divergent findings. Common themes among all respondents were the importance of sleep, interest and desire for more sleep health information, and common environmental/social impediments to healthy family sleep. Divergent themes included the importance of bedtime routines and timing, views on the family bed, importance of naps, and healthy sleep aids. Childcare centers were suggested as good sites for sleep health promotion programs. CONCLUSION Sleep is a topic of interest and importance for young families. There are unique family challenges to be considered in any sleep health promotion program tailored to the needs of the community. The voices of parents and community providers are valuable assets informing the development of novel family-friendly approaches for decreasing sleep disparities and improving the health of young children and families.
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32
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Goldwater PN. SIDS, prone sleep position and infection: An overlooked epidemiological link in current SIDS research? Key evidence for the "Infection Hypothesis". Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110114. [PMID: 32758900 PMCID: PMC7366103 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mainstream researchers explain the etiology of SIDS with the cardiorespiratory paradigm. This has been the focus of intense study for many decades without providing consistent supporting data to link CNS findings to epidemiological risk factors or to the usual clinicopathological findings. Despite this, and the apparent oversight of the link between prone sleep position and respiratory infection, papers citing CNS, cardiac and sleep arousal findings continue to be published. Discovery of the prone sleep position risk factor provided tangential support for the cardiorespiratory control hypothesis which defines the mainstream approach. Despite many decades of research and huge expenditure, no aetiological answer has been forthcoming. In asking why?This paper exposes some of the shortcomings regarding this apparent oversight by mainstream SIDS researchers and examines the role of respiratory infection and puts the case for the “Infection Hypothesis.” In addition, the paper provides encouragement to neuropathologists to examine the potential link between CNS findings and cardiac function (as opposed to respiratory function) in relation to infection and to examine possible correlates between CNS findings and established risk factors such as recent infection, contaminated sleeping surfaces, maternal/obstetric/higher birth, ethnicity, non-breast-feeding, male gender, etc. or with the usual gross pathological findings of SIDS (intrathoracic petechial hemorrhages, liquid blood, congested lungs). The shortcomings exposed through this review invite questions over current research directions and hopefully encourage research into other more plausible hypotheses, such as the infection paradigm.Mainstream SIDS researchers appear to have overlooked the key relationship between prone sleep position and infection. This omission has major implications for current and future SIDS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Goldwater
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
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33
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Abstract
The human need for sleep is universal and unquestioned; however, humans vary in their sleep needs according to age, individual differences, as well as cultural and social norms and practices. Therefore, what is “normal” in infant sleep and the development of sleep architecture in humans is highly dependent on biological and sociocultural variables as well as socially constructed assumptions about what infant sleep “should” look like. This paper uses a multidisciplinary approach to review papers from fields including pediatrics, anthropology, psychology, medicine, and sociology to understand “normal” infant sleep. Because human culture and behavioral practice changes much more quickly than evolved human biology, and because human evolutionary history occurred in the context of breastfeeding and cosleeping, new work in the field of infant sleep architecture development would benefit from a multidisciplinary approach. To come to a consensus about what is “normal” infant sleep, researchers must agree on underlying basic assumptions of infant sleep from which to ask question and interpret findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine S. Barry
- Human Development and Family Studies, Penn State Fayette, The Eberly Campus, Lemont Furnace, PA, USA
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34
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Blair PS, Ball HL, McKenna JJ, Feldman-Winter L, Marinelli KA, Bartick MC, Noble L, Calhoun S, Elliott-Rudder M, Kair LR, Lappin S, Larson I, Lawrence RA, Lefort Y, Marshall N, Mitchell K, Murak C, Myers E, Reece-Stremtan S, Rosen-Carole C, Rothenberg S, Schmidt T, Seo T, Sriraman N, Stehel EK, Wight N, Wonodi A. Bedsharing and Breastfeeding: The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Protocol #6, Revision 2019. Breastfeed Med 2020; 15:5-16. [PMID: 31898916 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2019.29144.psb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A central goal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the development of clinical protocols for managing common medical problems that may impact breastfeeding success. These protocols serve only as guidelines for the care of breastfeeding mothers and infants and do not delineate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as standards of medical care. Variations in treatment may be appropriate according to the needs of an individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Blair
- Centre for Academic Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L Ball
- Infancy and Sleep Centre, Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - James J McKenna
- Department of Anthropology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California.,Mother-Baby Sleep Lab, Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Lori Feldman-Winter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Kathleen A Marinelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut.,Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Division of Neonatology, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Melissa C Bartick
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge Massachusetts
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35
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Konstat-Korzenny E, Cohen-Welch A, Fonseca-Portilla R, Morgenstern-Kaplan D. Sudden Unexpected Infant Death: Review and Analysis of Adherence to Recommendations. Cureus 2019; 11:e6076. [PMID: 31832293 PMCID: PMC6892570 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) is a term that englobes the sudden and unexpected death of an infant less than 12 months, which can be explained by organic or traumatic causes, or that can't be explained such as cases of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Although many risk factors have been associated with this syndrome, one of the most widely associated and studied are incorrect sleeping techniques and practices. In 2016, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) updated their safe-sleeping guidelines and sleeping environment recommendations and strategies to prevent SIDS. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study to analyze the sleeping environments in infants that attended both the inpatient and outpatient services at a public pediatric hospital in Mexico City. A 6-item questionnaire was applied to the parent or guardian to assess the sleeping habits of infants in their homes. Results A total of 184 infants were included in the study, with a mean age of 5.87 months. Overall, the number of parents that follow safe sleeping practices was very low, with no parents following all the AAP recommendations, and over 10% not following any. Although there is uncertainty about the pathogenesis of this syndrome, the focus has shifted to prevention, especially regarding the modifiable risk factors. Conclusions It was demonstrated that our population did not know about the proper and safe sleeping techniques. In the nearby future, our goal is for health authorities in our country to implement a strategy to make the AAP recommendations part of government health campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Konstat-Korzenny
- Centro De Investigación En Ciencias De La Salud Anáhuac (CICSA), Facultad De Ciencias De La Salud, Universidad Anahuac Mexico, Mexico City, MEX
| | - Ariel Cohen-Welch
- Centro De Investigación En Ciencias De La Salud Anáhuac (CICSA), Facultad De Ciencias De La Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mexico, Mexico City, MEX
| | - Rodrigo Fonseca-Portilla
- Centro De Investigación En Ciencias De La Salud Anáhuac (CICSA), Facultad De Ciencias De La Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mexico, Mexico City, MEX
| | - Dan Morgenstern-Kaplan
- Centro De Investigación En Ciencias De La Salud Anáhuac (CICSA), Facultad De Ciencias De La Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mexico, Mexico City, MEX
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36
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Bovbjerg ML, Pillai S. Current Resources for Evidence-Based Practice, September 2019. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2019; 48:568-582. [PMID: 31442383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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37
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Marinelli KA, Ball HL, McKenna JJ, Blair PS. An Integrated Analysis of Maternal-Infant Sleep, Breastfeeding, and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Research Supporting a Balanced Discourse. J Hum Lact 2019; 35:510-520. [PMID: 31184521 DOI: 10.1177/0890334419851797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breastfeeding and the place of sleep for the mother and the infant have been controversial internationally due to reported concerns regarding infant deaths despite the known benefits of exclusive and prolonged breastfeeding, which are increased by breastfeeding at night. The aims of this integrated analysis were to (a) review breastfeeding and maternal and infant sleep research literature via historical, epidemiological, anthropological, and methodological lenses; (b) use this information to determine where we are currently in safeguarding both infant lives and breastfeeding; and (c) postulate the direction that research might take from this point forward to improve our knowledge and inform our policy and practice. Despite well-meaning but unsuccessful campaigns in some countries to dissuade parents from sleeping with their babies, many breastfeeding mothers and caregivers do sleep with their infants whether intentionally or unintentionally. Taking cultural contexts and socio-ecological circumstances into consideration, data supports policies to counsel parents and caregivers on safe sleep practices, including bed-sharing in non-hazardous circumstances, particularly in the absence of parental smoking, recent parental alcohol consumption, or sleeping next to an adult on a sofa. Further research with appropriate methodology is needed to drill down on actual rates of infant deaths, paying close attention to the definitions of deaths, the circumstances of the deaths, and confounding factors, in order to ensure we have the best information with which to derive public health policy. Introduction and use of the concept of "breastsleeping" is a plausible way to remove the negative connotations of "co-sleeping" and redirect ongoing data-driven discussions and education of best practices of breastfeeding and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen L Ball
- 2 Infancy & Sleep Centre, Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - James J McKenna
- 3 Mother-Baby Behavioral Sleep Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Peter S Blair
- 4 Centre of Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Ball HL, Tomori C, McKenna JJ. Toward an Integrated Anthropology of Infant Sleep. AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aman.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen L. Ball
- Director, Parent–Infant Sleep LabDepartment of Anthropology, Durham University Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Cecilia Tomori
- Assistant Professor, Parent–Infant Sleep LabDepartment of Anthropology, Durham University Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - James J. McKenna
- Director, Mother–Baby Sleep Lab, Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Notre Dame South Bend Indiana USA
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Harries V, Brown A. The association between baby care books that promote strict care routines and infant feeding, night-time care, and maternal-infant interactions. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2019; 15:e12858. [PMID: 31216386 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Baby care books that promote strict infant care routines are popular, but little research has considered their impact upon maternal infant care behaviours. We explored whether mothers who have read these books guide their infant care behaviours based on their concepts and how this is associated with infant feeding, night-time care, and response to infant's needs. Three hundred and fifty-four U.K. mothers with a baby aged 0-12 months completed an online questionnaire exploring use of baby care books, motivations for use, whether guidance was followed, and infant care behaviours. Mothers who read the books were drawn to them for information about how to settle their infant, infant sleep, and infant feeding behaviour. Those who read the books were less likely to breastfeed, feed responsively, have their infant sleep in the same room, cuddle their infant to sleep, or respond promptly to infant cries. Although the causality between reading these books and care cannot be determined through this study design, and is likely bidirectional with some reading the books to confirm existing preferences, around 25-40% of mothers noted the information determined their care decisions. Regardless of specific causal pathways, there is an association between these books and behaviours that go against infant feeding and responsive care recommendations. Understanding what drives mothers to follow these books and increasing support for new mothers in these areas is important. The findings will be important for those supporting mothers in the perinatal period in starting conversations around responsive infant care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Harries
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.,Centre for Lactation, Infant Feeding and Translation research (LIFT), Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Amy Brown
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.,Centre for Lactation, Infant Feeding and Translation research (LIFT), Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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