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Ishikawa M, Yokoyama T, Hemmi O. Aging-related changes in protein and fat intake and their related meal types factors by longitudinal birth cohort analysis using the National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan from 2001 to 2019. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100351. [PMID: 39260015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To provide seamless nutritional support from early adulthood to late adulthood in Japan, this study aimed to identify aging-related changes in protein and fat intake and meal types. METHODS Birth cohort analysis was conducted in this study. The protein intake, protein-to-energy ratio, fat intake, and fat-to-energy ratio in men and women from their 20s to 60s in 2001 was calculated using the data of the National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan between 2001 and 2019 (n = 139,876, 47.0% men, mean age: 54.9 and 55.4 years for men and women, respectively). The intakes were calculated for every subsequent year, the aging-related changes were identified by age group, and the 99 food groups were classified into staple-focused meal types through factor analysis. The weighted average component value per 1 g of each food group was calculated, multiplied by the food weight, and totaled to determine the mean intake by meal type and to confirm the aging-related changes. The year when the slope changed before and after was identified through Joinpoint regression analysis. RESULTS The protein intake, protein-to-energy ratio, fat intake, and fat-to-energy ratio initially declined or remained unchanged with aging in almost all generations (20s to 60s in 2001) but began to increase after 8-15 years. The food groups were classified into rice, noodle, and bread types. The protein and fat intake from the noodle type initially showed a decreasing trend but began to increase with aging after 8-15 years in almost all generations in both sexes (p < 0.05 for difference in slope). CONCLUSIONS The increase of protein intake and protein-to-energy ratio and fat intake and fat-to-energy ratio over time observed among Japanese adults may be related to the increased intake of food groups from noodle type meals. Thus, considering the type of staple food (i.e., rice, noodles, or bread) and its combination with other foods when adhering to a balanced diet is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Ishikawa
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama, 351-0197, Japan.
| | - Tetsuji Yokoyama
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama, 351-0197, Japan.
| | - Osamu Hemmi
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama, 351-0197, Japan.
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Li D, Merchant SA, Badalov JM, Corley DA. Time Trends and Demographic Disparities in Helicobacter pylori Burden in a Large, Community-Based Population in the United States. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2024; 3:749-760. [PMID: 39280908 PMCID: PMC11401565 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims There are minimal recent population-based data on the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the United States. Methods This retrospective cohort study evaluated H. pylori positivity rates in adult members of a large, community-based US population in 2000-2019. Time trends, demographic disparities, and birth cohort effects on H. pylori test positivity rates were analyzed. Results Among 751,322 individuals tested for H. pylori, the overall nonserological and serological test positivity rates were 18.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.1%-18.4%) and 36.8% (95% CI, 36.6%-36.9%), respectively. Nonserological positivity rate (95% CI) was significantly higher among Asian (23.2% [22.8%-23.6%]), Black (25.1% [24.4%-25.8%]), and Hispanic (28.1% [27.7%-28.5%]) individuals than non-Hispanic White individuals (10.0% [9.8%-10.2%]), and was significantly higher among individuals with a non-English language preference (32.9% [32.3%-33.5%]) than those with English language preference (15.8% [15.6%-15.9%]). Patterns were similar for serological positivity, although with substantially higher rates. Serological positivity rates decreased over 2 decades but nonserological positivity rates initially decreased and then stabilized over the past decade. There was a significant decrease in both nonserological and serological positivity rates from older to younger birth cohorts. Older age, non-White race or Hispanic ethnicity, male sex, and non-English language preference were associated with high odds of H. pylori positivity. Conclusion The burden of H. pylori decreased over 2 decades, although the rates of active infection plateaued over the past decade in a diverse, community-based US population, likely attributable to birth cohort effects and demographic changes. Asian, Black, and Hispanic individuals had 2-3-fold higher rates of active H. pylori infection than non-Hispanic White individuals. These findings should inform targeted screening and eradication of H. pylori in high-risk US populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Santa Clara, California
| | - Sophie A Merchant
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Jessica M Badalov
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Douglas A Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco, California
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Gotanda H, Ikesu R, Walling AM, Zhang JJ, Xu H, Reuben DB, Wenger NS, Damberg CL, Zingmond DS, Jena AB, Gross N, Tsugawa Y. Association between physician age and patterns of end-of-life care among older Americans. J Am Geriatr Soc 2024; 72:2070-2081. [PMID: 38721884 PMCID: PMC11226372 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND End-of-life (EOL) care patterns may differ by physician age given differences in how physicians are trained or changes associated with aging. We sought to compare patterns of EOL care delivered to older Americans according to physician age. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of a 20% sample of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged ≥66 years who died in 2016-2019 (n = 487,293). We attributed beneficiaries to the physician who had >50% of primary care visits during the last 6 months of life. We compared beneficiary-level outcomes by physician age (<40, 40-49, 50-59, or ≥60) in two areas: (1) advance care planning (ACP) and palliative care; and (2) high-intensity care at the EOL. RESULTS Beneficiaries attributed to younger physicians had slightly higher proportions of billed ACP (adjusted proportions, 17.1%, 16.1%, 15.5%, and 14.0% for physicians aged <40, 40-49, 50-59, and ≥60, respectively; p-for-trend adjusted for multiple comparisons <0.001) and palliative care counseling or hospice use in the last 180 days of life (64.5%, 63.6%, 61.9%, and 60.8%; p-for-trend <0.001). Similarly, physicians' younger age was associated with slightly lower proportions of emergency department visits (57.4%, 57.0%, 57.4%, and 58.1%; p-for-trend <0.001), hospital admissions (51.2%, 51.1%, 51.4%, and 52.1%; p-for-trend <0.001), intensive care unit admissions (27.8%, 27.9%, 28.2%, and 28.3%; p-for-trend = 0.03), or mechanical ventilation or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (14.2, 14.9%, 15.2%, and 15.3%; p-for-trend <0.001) in the last 30 days of life, and in-hospital death (20.2%, 20.6%, 21.3%, and 21.5%; p-for-trend <0.001). CONCLUSIONS We found that differences in patterns of EOL care between beneficiaries cared for by younger and older physicians were small, and thus, not clinically meaningful. Future research is warranted to understand the factors that can influence patterns of EOL care provided by physicians, including initial and continuing medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Gotanda
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ryo Ikesu
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Anne M. Walling
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jessica J. Zhang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Haiyong Xu
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David B Reuben
- Multicampus Program in Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Neil S. Wenger
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - David S. Zingmond
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Anupam B. Jena
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Yusuke Tsugawa
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
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Xiao J, Wei H, Gao Z, Chen L, Ye W, Huang W. Differential age-specific associations of LDL cholesterol and body mass index with coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis 2024; 393:117542. [PMID: 38652975 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and body mass index (BMI) are not always correlated and their relationship is probably dependent on age, indicating differential age-specific associations of these factors with health outcomes. We aim to discriminate the roles of LDLc and BMI in coronary heart disease (CHD) across different age groups. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of 368,274 participants aged 38-73 years and free of CHD at baseline. LDLc and BMI were measured at baseline, and incident CHD was the main outcome. Cox proportional hazards model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of exposure on CHD. RESULTS After a mean of 12 years of follow-up, similar relationships of LDLc and BMI with CHD risk were observed in the overall population but in differential age-specific patterns. Across the age groups of <50, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64 and ≥ 65 years, the LDLc-CHD association diminished with the adjusted HRs decreasing from 1.35, 1.26, 1.19, 1.11 to 1.08; while no declining trend was found in BMI-CHD relationship with the adjusted HRs of 1.15, 1.11, 1.12, 1.13 and 1.15, respectively. The interaction and mediation between LDLc and BMI on CHD risk were more pronounced at young-age groups. LDLc-CHD but not BMI-CHD association was dependent on sex, metabolic syndrome and lipid-lowering drugs use. CONCLUSIONS There were differential age-specific associations of LDLc and BMI with the risk of developing CHD, calling for future efforts to discriminate the age-different benefits from lipids management or weight control on the primary prevention for CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Heart Center of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hongye Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ziting Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liangwan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Heart Center of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Wuqing Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Choi CK, Yang JH, Kweon SS, Shin MH. Exploring Disparities for Obesity in Korea Using Hierarchical Age-Period-Cohort Analysis With Cross-Classified Random Effect Models. J Korean Med Sci 2024; 39:e169. [PMID: 38804013 PMCID: PMC11136680 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research article investigates the age, period, and birth cohort effects on prevalence of obesity in the Korean population, with the goal of identifying key factors to inform effective public health strategies. METHODS We analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, spanning 2007-2021, including 35,736 men and 46,756 women. Using the hierarchical age-period-cohort (APC) analysis with cross-classified random effects modeling, we applied multivariable mixed logistic regression to estimate the marginal prevalence of obesity across age, period, and birth cohort, while assessing the interaction between APC and lifestyle and socioeconomic factors. RESULTS Our findings reveal an inverted U-shaped age effect on obesity, influenced by smoking history (P for interaction = 0.020) and physical activity (I for interaction < 0.001). The period effect was positive in 2020 and 2021, while negative in 2014 (P for period effect < 0.001). A declining trend in obesity prevalence was observed in birth cohorts from 1980s onward. Notably, disparities in obesity rates among recent birth cohorts have increased in relation to smoking history (P for interaction = 0.020), physical activity (P for interaction < 0.001), and residence (P for interaction = 0.005). Particularly, those born after 1960 were more likely to be obese if they were ex-smokers, physical inactive, or lived in rural areas. CONCLUSION These findings highlight growing disparities in obesity within birth cohorts, underscoring the need for targeted health policies that promote smoking cessation and physical activity, especially in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Kyun Choi
- Division of Cancer Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Yang
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea.
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Dominguez-Cancino KA, Martínez P, Nazif-Muñoz JI. Tobacco policies and changes in the tendency of smoking cessation in cigarette users in Chile: a longitudinal cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e085248. [PMID: 38729757 PMCID: PMC11097840 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of tobacco control regulations and policy implementation on smoking cessation tendencies in cigarette users born between 1982 and 1991 in Chile. DESIGN Longitudinal cross-sectional study. SETTING National level. PARTICIPANTS Data from the National Survey of Drug Consumption (Service of Prevention and Rehabilitation for Drug and Alcohol Consumption). A pseudo-cohort of smokers born between 1982 and 1991 (N=17 905) was tracked from 2002 to 2016. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES MEASURES Primary outcome was the tendency to cease smoking conceptualised as the report of using cigarettes 1 month or more ago relative to using cigarettes in the last 30 days. The main exposure variable was the Tobacco Policy Index-tracking tobacco policy changes over time. Logistic regression, controlling for various factors, was applied. RESULTS Models suggested a 14% increase in the smoking cessation tendency of individuals using cigarettes 1 month or more ago relative to those using cigarettes in the last 30 days (OR 1.14, CI 95% CI 1.10 to 1.19) for each point increment in the Tobacco Policy index. CONCLUSIONS Our study contributes to documenting a positive impact of the implementation of interventions considered in the MPOWER strategy in the progression of smoking cessation tendencies in smokers born between 1982 and 1991 in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Dominguez-Cancino
- Service sur les dépendances. Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
- School of Nursing, Universidad San Sebastian, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Martínez
- Service sur les dépendances. Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche charles Le Moyne, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
| | - José Ignacio Nazif-Muñoz
- Service sur les dépendances. Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
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Vinter N, Cordsen P, Johnsen SP, Benjamin EJ, Frost L, Trinquart L. Birth cohort effects on diagnosed atrial fibrillation incidence: nationwide cohort study from 1980 to 2018. Heart 2024:heartjnl-2023-323737. [PMID: 38471730 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2023-323737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) shows substantial temporal trends, but the contribution of birth cohort effects is unknown. These effects refer to the relationship between birth year and the likelihood of developing AF. We aimed to assess trends in cumulative incidence of diagnosed AF across birth cohorts and to disentangle the effects of age, birth cohort and calendar period by using age-period-cohort analyses. METHODS In a Danish nationwide population-based cohort study, 4.7 million individuals were selected at a given index age (45, 55, 65 and 75 years) free of AF and followed up for diagnosed AF. For each index age, we assessed trends in 10-year cumulative incidence of AF across six 5-year birth cohorts. An age-period-cohort model was estimated using Poisson regression with constrained spline functions collapsing data into 1-year intervals across ages and calendar years. RESULTS Cumulative incidence of AF diagnosis increased across birth cohorts for all index ages (ptrend<0.001). Compared with the first birth cohort, the diagnosed AF incidence rate ratio in the last birth cohort was 3.0 (95% CI 2.9 to 3.2) for index age 45 years, 2.9 (2.8 to 3.0) for 55 years, 2.8 (2.7 to 2.8) for 65 years and 2.7 (2.6 to 2.7) for 75 years. Age-period-cohort analyses showed substantial birth cohort effects independent of age, with no clear period effect. Compared with individuals born in 1930, the diagnosed AF incidence rate was 0.125 smaller among individuals born in 1885 and was four times larger among individuals born in 1975. CONCLUSION Substantial birth cohort effects, independent of age and calendar period, influence trends in diagnosed AF incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicklas Vinter
- Danish Center for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Diagnostic Centre, University Clinic for Development of Innovative Patient Pathways, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Silkeborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pia Cordsen
- Danish Center for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren Paaske Johnsen
- Danish Center for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lars Frost
- Diagnostic Centre, University Clinic for Development of Innovative Patient Pathways, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Silkeborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ludovic Trinquart
- Danish Center for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Frary CE, Blicher MK, Olesen TB, Pareek M, Vishram-Nielsen JKK, Rasmussen S, Olsen MH. N-Terminal Pro-Brain Type Natriuretic Peptide Predicts Cardiovascular Events Independently of Arterial Stiffness, Assessed By Carotid-to-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity, in Apparently Healthy Subjects. Heart Lung Circ 2024; 33:392-400. [PMID: 38290952 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate whether N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) carried independent prognostic value in predicting cardiovascular events in apparently healthy individuals beyond traditional risk factors. METHODS A total of 1,872 participants aged 41, 51, 61, or 71 years from the MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease (MONICA) study were included. Traditional risk factors were assessed, including: smoking status; mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure; body mass index; fasting plasma glucose; serum triglycerides; total, high-density, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NT-proBNP; and PWV. The principal endpoint that was assessed during 16 years of follow-up was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The secondary endpoints were cardiovascular mortality (CVM), hospitalisation for coronary artery disease (CAD), and a composite of hospitalisation for heart failure (HF) or atrial fibrillation (AF). RESULTS At baseline, NT-proBNP was associated with PWV (β=0.14; p<0.001), but not after adjustment for traditional risk factors (β=-0.01; p=0.67). In models including traditional risk factors and PWV, NT-proBNP was associated with all four outcomes (HRMACE=1.33, 95% CI 1.16-1.52; HRCVM=2.02, 95% CI 1.65-2.48; HRCAD=1.29, 95% CI 1.07-1.55; and HRHF or AF=1.79, 95% CI 1.40-2.28). In the same model, PWV was only associated with CVM (HRCVM=1.20, 95% CI 1.01-1.41). No interactions between NT-proBNP and PWV were found. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide significantly improved net reclassification (NRI) for MACE (NRI=0.12; p=0.03), CVM (NRI=0.33; p<0.001), and HF or AF (NRI=0.33; p<0.001) beyond traditional risk factors, while PWV did not aid in net reclassification improvement for any endpoint. CONCLUSIONS In apparently healthy individuals, NT-proBNP and PWV predicted cardiovascular events independently. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide improved reclassification for the prediction of MACE, CVM, and hospitalisation for HF or AF beyond traditional risk factors, while PWV did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Edward Frary
- Cardiology Section, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Holbaek Hospital, Holbaek, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Manan Pareek
- Center for Translational Cardiology and Pragmatic Randomized Trials, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie K K Vishram-Nielsen
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Hecht Olsen
- Cardiology Section, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Holbaek Hospital, Holbaek, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Gupta S, May FP, Kupfer SS, Murphy CC. Birth Cohort Colorectal Cancer (CRC): Implications for Research and Practice. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:455-469.e7. [PMID: 38081492 PMCID: PMC11304405 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) epidemiology is changing due to a birth cohort effect, first recognized by increasing incidence of early onset CRC (EOCRC, age <50 years). In this paper, we define "birth cohort CRC" as the observed phenomenon, among individuals born 1960 and later, of increasing CRC risk across successive birth cohorts, rising EOCRC incidence, increasing incidence among individuals aged 50 to 54 years, and flattening of prior decreasing incidence among individuals aged 55 to 74 years. We demonstrate birth cohort CRC is associated with unique features, including increasing rectal cancer (greater than colon) and distant (greater than local) stage CRC diagnosis, and increasing EOCRC across all racial/ethnic groups. We review potential risk factors, etiologies, and mechanisms for birth cohort CRC, using EOCRC as a starting point and describing importance of viewing these through the lens of birth cohort. We also outline implications of birth cohort CRC for epidemiologic and translational research, as well as current clinical practice. We postulate that recognition of birth cohort CRC as an entity-including and extending beyond rising EOCRC-can advance understanding of risk factors, etiologies, and mechanisms, and address the public health consequences of changing CRC epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Gupta
- Section of Gastroenterology, Jennifer Moreno San Diego VA Medical Center, San Diego, California; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, La Jolla, California.
| | - Folasade P May
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sonia S Kupfer
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Caitlin C Murphy
- Department of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston) School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
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Ramadan YH, Knorst JK, Brondani B, Agostini BA, Ardenghi TM. Trends and age-period-cohort effect on dental caries prevalence from 2008 to 2019 among Brazilian preschoolers. Braz Oral Res 2024; 38:e004. [PMID: 38198304 PMCID: PMC11376602 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate trends in the prevalence of dental caries in preschool children and associated factors considering different time variations. This is a time series study performed using data from three cross-sectional studies with pre-school children from southern Brazil in 2008, 2013 and 2019. This children group was born between the years of 2003 to 2018. Dental caries was evaluated by decayed, missing and filled deciduous teeth (dmft index). Demographic, socioeconomic, behavioural and psychosocial variables were also collected. Chi-square test for trends and a hierarchical age-period-cohort (HAPC) analysis using multilevel Poisson regression model for testing the associations between predictor variables and dental caries experience were used. A total of 1,644 pre-school children participated in all surveys. There was a significant difference in caries experience considering all APC effects. The prevalence of dental caries was 25.0% in 2008, 16.3% in 2013, and 19.4% in 2019 (p < 0.01) and no statistical difference was observed. An age effect showed that older children were more likely to experience dental caries. Considering the cohort effect, there is a significant difference between the generations, mainly between 2003 and 2018. Household income, use of dental services, and parent's perception of child oral health were associated with dental caries experience no matter the time variation. Despite recent declines in dental caries prevalence among preschool children, caries levels increased with age and social inequalities persisted through the years, indicating a need of reviewing the policies to reduce the burden of this oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassmín Hêllwaht Ramadan
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessica Klöckner Knorst
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Brondani
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Machado Ardenghi
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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11
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Guilamo-Ramos V, Johnson C, Thimm-Kaiser M, Benzekri A. Nurse-led approaches to address social determinants of health and advance health equity: A new framework and its implications. Nurs Outlook 2023; 71:101996. [PMID: 37349232 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2023.101996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The U.S. health care system is burdened by inefficiencies, longstanding health inequities, and unstainable costs. Within the nursing profession and the broader health care sector, there is growing recognition of the need for a paradigm shift that addresses persistent structural problems and advances health equity. PURPOSE Despite evidence of the importance of the social determinants of health (SDOH) in shaping inequitable health outcomes, practical tools for applying SDOH theory in the development of effective nurse-led programs to mitigate harmful SDOH remain scarce. METHODS We synthesize extant SDOH literature into a heuristic framework for conceptualizing core SDOH mechanisms, constructs, and principles. FINDINGS To illustrate how nurse scientists can use the framework to guide the development of programs for SDOH mitigation, we outline a three-step exemplar application to the U.S. Latino HIV epidemic. DISCUSSION Our framework can inform a paradigm shift toward nurse-led, multi-level SDOH mitigation across practice, education, and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Guilamo-Ramos
- Center for Latino Adolescent and Family Health, Duke University, Durham, NC; School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC; School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, NC; Presidential Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC.
| | - Celia Johnson
- Center for Latino Adolescent and Family Health, Duke University, Durham, NC; School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Marco Thimm-Kaiser
- Center for Latino Adolescent and Family Health, Duke University, Durham, NC; School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Adam Benzekri
- Center for Latino Adolescent and Family Health, Duke University, Durham, NC; School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC
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12
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Shiue KY, Austin AE, Naumann RB, Aiello AE, Marshall SW, Golightly YM. Age, period and cohort-related trends in prescription opioid use in the USA, 1999-2018. J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 77:714-720. [PMID: 37507219 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-220701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To provide insight into the longitudinal dynamics of opioid use throughout the overdose crisis, this study estimated the separate influences of age, period and cohort on prescription opioid use during 1999-2018 in the USA. METHODS Data from 10 cycles of the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to conduct an age-period-cohort analysis of the prevalence of prescription opioid use (n=63 500 across 1999-2018). Temporal trends were graphically visualised. The median polish approach was used to estimate age, period and cohort-related effects on prescription opioid use. RESULTS Prescription opioid use broadly increased across the lifespan, with steeper prevalence increases observed from young adulthood to mid-adulthood. Period-related variation was consistent with recognised nationwide declines in opioid prescribing. While there was no evidence of systematic cohort effects, compared with individuals born in 1951-1954, those born during 1963-1966 had greater prescription opioid use (prevalence ratio (PR)=1.23, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.43), whereas the 1991-1994 and 1999-2002 cohorts had lower prescription opioid use (PR91-94=0.70, 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.98; PR99-02=0.72, 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.81). CONCLUSION In the USA, longitudinal trends in prescription opioid use during 1999-2018 were predominantly driven by age and period influences. The cohort of youngest baby boomers experienced greater prescription opioid use, whereas recent-born cohorts have had lower use. As the overdose crisis continues evolving, such population-level characterisations of age, period and cohort dynamics are instrumental in understanding opioid use and can inform prevention and intervention approaches by identifying population groups more likely to use opioids who, thus, may also experience related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Y Shiue
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anna E Austin
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rebecca B Naumann
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Allison E Aiello
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephen W Marshall
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yvonne M Golightly
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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13
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Chihuri S, Blanchard A, DiGuiseppi CG, Li G. Epidemiologic Patterns of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Pediatric Inpatients in the United States, 1997-2019. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-06091-7. [PMID: 37584769 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The reported prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has more than tripled in the past two decades in the United States, due in part to improved screening and diagnostic techniques. Epidemiologic data on ASD, however, are largely limited to population-based surveillance systems. We examined epidemiologic patterns in ASD diagnoses among inpatients aged 1-20 years, using data from the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) from 1997 to 2019. ASD cases were identified using ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM codes. Of 9,267,881 hospital discharges studied, 110,090 (1.19%) had a diagnosis of ASD. The prevalence of ASD was higher among males compared to females (1.53% vs. 0.54%) and was highest among non-Hispanic Whites (1.28% vs. 0.95% in non-Hispanic Blacks, 0.94% in Hispanics, and 1.18% in Other races). ASD prevalence increased from 0.18% to 1997 to 3.36% in 2019 (Z= -273.40, p < 0.001). The absolute increase was higher among males compared to females (0.26-4.90% vs. 0.08-1.77%) and among non-Hispanic Whites (0.18-2.88%) compared to non-Hispanic Blacks (0.23-2.72%), Hispanics (0.14-2.60%), and Other races (0.19-2.97%). The epidemiologic patterns of ASD based on inpatient data are generally consistent with reports from the community-based autism surveillance system. Our findings indicate that KID and other health services data might play a complementary role in ASD surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanford Chihuri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 10032, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ashley Blanchard
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carolyn G DiGuiseppi
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Guohua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 10032, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Yim AD, Cowgill L, Katz DC, Roseman CC. Variation in ontogenetic trajectories of limb dimensions in humans is attributable to both climatic effects and neutral evolution. J Hum Evol 2023; 179:103369. [PMID: 37104893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that there is variation in ontogenetic trajectories of human limb dimensions and proportions. However, little is known about the evolutionary significance of this variation. This study used a global sample of modern human immature long bone measurements and a multivariate linear mixed-effects model to study 1) whether the variation in ontogenetic trajectories of limb dimensions is consistent with ecogeographic predictions and 2) the effects of different evolutionary forces on the variation in ontogenetic trajectories. We found that genetic relatedness arising from neutral (nonselective) evolution, allometric variation associated with the change in size, and directional effects from climate all contributed to the variation in ontogenetic trajectories of all major long bone dimensions in modern humans. After accounting for the effects of neutral evolution and holding other effects considered in the current study constant, extreme temperatures have weak, positive associations with diaphyseal length and breadth measurements, while mean temperature shows negative associations with diaphyseal dimensions. The association with extreme temperatures fits the expectations of ecogeographic rules, while the association with mean temperature may explain the observed among-group variation in intralimb indices. The association with climate is present throughout ontogeny, suggesting an explanation of adaptation by natural selection as the most likely cause. On the other hand, genetic relatedness among groups, as structured by neutral evolutionary factors, is an important consideration when interpreting skeletal morphology, even for nonadult individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Di Yim
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Truman State University, 100 E Normal Ave, Kirksville, MO, USA; Department of Biology, Truman State University, 100 E Normal Ave, Kirksville, MO, USA; Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 109 Davenport Hall, 607 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Libby Cowgill
- Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, 112 Swallow Hall, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - David C Katz
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Canada
| | - Charles C Roseman
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 515 Morrill Hall, 505 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, USA
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15
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Wänström L, O’Keefe P, Clouston SAP, Mann FD, Muniz-Terrera G, Voll S, Zhang Y, Hofer SM, Rodgers JL. It Runs in the Family: Testing for Longitudinal Family Flynn Effects. J Intell 2023; 11:50. [PMID: 36976143 PMCID: PMC10057072 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Flynn effect refers to increases over time in measured (particularly fluid) intelligence of approximately 3 IQ points per decade. We define the Flynn effect at the family level, using longitudinal data and two new family-level cohort definitions. Multilevel growth curve analyses of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 data showed that children in families with later-born mothers had higher average PIAT math scores, and lower average reading comprehension scores and growth, in young and middle childhood. Children in families where the first child was born later had higher average PIAT math, reading recognition, and reading comprehension scores, as well as larger developmental growth. The latter family-level Flynn effects were of higher magnitudes than the usual individual-level Flynn effect found in previous studies. Our results, showing family level-intercept and slope Flynn effects for both maternal birthyear and first child birthyear, have implications for research aiming to explain the Flynn effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Wänström
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Patrick O’Keefe
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sean A. P. Clouston
- Program in Public Health and Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Frank D. Mann
- Program in Public Health and Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine (OUHCOM), Dublin, OH 43016, USA
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Stacey Voll
- Institute of Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8N 1V8, Canada
| | - Yun Zhang
- Program in Public Health and Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Scott M. Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Institute of Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8N 1V8, Canada
| | - Joseph L. Rodgers
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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16
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Opazo Breton M, Gray LA. An age-period-cohort approach to studying long-term trends in obesity and overweight in England (1992-2019). Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:823-831. [PMID: 36746761 PMCID: PMC10947422 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand long-term trends in obesity and overweight in England by estimating life-course transitions as well as historical and birth cohort trends for both children and adults. METHODS Data on individuals aged 5 to 85 years old from the Health Survey for England were used, covering the period 1992 to 2019 and birth cohorts born between 1909 and 2013. Individual BMI values were classified as healthy weight, overweight, or obesity. Trends were compared, and an age-period-cohort model was estimated using logistic regression and categorical age, period, and cohort groups. RESULTS There was significant variation in age trajectories by birth cohorts for healthy weight and obesity prevalence. The odds of having obesity compared with a healthy weight increased consistently with age, increased throughout the study period (but faster between 1992 and 2001), and were higher for birth cohorts born between 1989 and 2008. The odds of having overweight showed an inverted U-shape among children, increased through adulthood, have been stable since 2012, and were considerably higher for the youngest birth cohort (2009-2013). CONCLUSIONS Younger generations with higher overweight prevalence coupled with increasing obesity prevalence with age suggest that obesity should remain a high priority for public health policy makers in England.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura A. Gray
- School of Health and Related ResearchUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Healthy Lifespan InstituteUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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17
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Reframing the clouded scientific spectacles of the Flynn effect: A view through two lenses. INTELLIGENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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18
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Wien S, Miller AL, Kramer MR. Structural racism theory, measurement, and methods: A scoping review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1069476. [PMID: 36875414 PMCID: PMC9978828 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1069476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Epidemiologic and public health interest in structural racism has grown dramatically, producing both increasingly sophisticated questions, methods, and findings, coupled with concerns of atheoretical and ahistorical approaches that often leave the actual production of health or disease ambiguous. This trajectory raises concerns as investigators adopt the term "structural racism" without engaging with theories and scholars with a long history in this area. This scoping review aims to build upon recent work by identifying current themes about the incorporation of structural racism into (social) epidemiologic research and practice with respect to theory, measurement, and practices and methods for trainees and public health researchers who are not already deeply grounded in this work. Methods This review uses methodological framework and includes peer-review articles written in English published between January 2000-August 2022. Results A search of Google Scholar, manual collection, and referenced lists identified a total of 235 articles; 138 met the inclusion criteria after duplicates were removed. Results were extracted by, and organized into, three broad sections: theory, construct measurement, and study practice and methods, with several themes summarized in each section. Discussion This review concludes with a summary of recommendations derived from our scoping review and a call to action echoing previous literature to resist an uncritical and superficial adoption of "structural racism" without attention to already existing scholarship and recommendations put forth by experts in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Wien
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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19
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Chu L. Health Trajectories of Older Chinese Adults: Gender Disparities and Cohort Differences. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-023-09520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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20
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Morgan SL. A double-diamond retrospective on modeling change in attitudes and opinions. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2023; 109:102809. [PMID: 36470638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2022.102809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The five decades of results produced by analysts of the General Social Survey (GSS) have enriched our understanding of social change, but some core modeling challenges remain. This article proposes that we more fully engage in the development of targeted models of period-based attitude and opinion change, using counterfactual reasoning, as we continue to model cohort replacement. This shift is also consistent with the recent literature on age, period, and cohort analysis, which argues for attention to age varying period effects. Two outcomes are modeled to provide material for the argument: support for government spending on drug addiction and rehabilitation and the valuation of obedience as a goal for child behavioral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Morgan
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Sociology, 3400 N. Charles St., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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21
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Cao Y, Yang Z, Yu Y, Huang X. Physical activity, sleep quality and life satisfaction in adolescents: A cross-sectional survey study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1010194. [PMID: 36605236 PMCID: PMC9807806 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity, sleep is an important component of adolescents' 24-h movement behavior, and life satisfaction predicts adolescent physical and mental health. However, few studies have explored the relationship between the two variables among Chinese high school students. Consequently, this study aimed to explore the relationship between sleep quality and life satisfaction among Chinese high school students. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2020 in five high schools in Xuchang City, China. High school students from senior 1 to senior 3 were asked to fill up a questionnaire of demographic characteristics and validated screen instructions for sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and life satisfaction (Satisfaction with Life Scale). The multivariate regression model was applied to explore the association between sleep quality and life satisfaction. Results A total of 1127 individuals (51.1% males) participated in this survey, and the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 42.3%. The mean score on the Satisfaction with Life Scale was 16.72 ± 5.67, according to the corresponding scoring criteria, with 15-19 being generally dissatisfied. After controlling for demographic variables, the contribution of subjective sleep quality (β = - 0.181, p < 0.01), sleep duration (β = - 0.080, p < 0.01) and daytime dysfunction (β = - 0.311, p < 0.01) to life satisfaction of high school students increased to 23.2%, indicating that subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, and daytime dysfunction were 22.9% predictive of life satisfaction among high school students. And also, physical activity on schooldays and weekend days were associated with better sleep quality and higher life satisfaction (p < 0.05). Conclusions Among Chinese high school students, the prevalence of sleep problems was high, and the majority of students held moderate life satisfaction. Sleep quality was positively correlated with life satisfaction among Chinese high school students, with better sleep quality resulting in higher life satisfaction among students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Cao
- Department of Physical Education, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yongbo Yu
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xin Huang
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22
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Rudoler D, Peterson S, Stock D, Taylor C, Wilton D, Blackie D, Burge F, Glazier RH, Goldsmith L, Grudniewicz A, Hedden L, Jamieson M, Katz A, MacKenzie A, Marshall E, McCracken R, McGrail K, Scott I, Wong ST, Lavergne MR. Changes over time in patient visits and continuity of care among graduating cohorts of family physicians in 4 Canadian provinces. CMAJ 2022; 194:E1639-E1646. [PMID: 36511867 PMCID: PMC9828986 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.220439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of patient access to family physicians in Canada is a concern. The role of recent physician graduates in this problem of supply of primary care services has not been established. We sought to establish whether career stage or graduation cohort were related to family physician practice volume and continuity of care over time. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of family physician practice from 1997/98 to 2017/18. We collected administrative health and physician claims data in British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario and Nova Scotia. We included all physicians who registered with their respective provincial regulatory colleges as having a medical specialty of family practice or who had billed the provincial health insurance system for patient care as family physicians, or both. We used regression models to isolate the effects of 3-year categories of years in practice (at all career stages), time period and cohort on patient contacts and physician-level continuity of care. RESULTS Between 1997/98 and 2017/18, the median number of patient contacts per provider per year fell by between 515 and 1736 contacts in the 4 provinces examined. Median contacts peaked at 27-29 years in practice in all provinces, and median physician-level continuity of care increased until 30 or more years in practice. We found no association between graduation cohort and patient contacts or physician-level continuity of care. INTERPRETATION Recent cohorts of family physicians practise similarly to their predecessors in terms of practice volumes and continuity of care. Because family physicians of all career stages showed declining patient contacts, we suggest that system-wide solutions to recent challenges in the accessibility of primary care in Canada are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rudoler
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Rudoler), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont.; Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences (Rudoler), Whitby, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Peterson, McGrail, Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Stock, MacKenzie), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Taylor), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Wilton, Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; School of Leadership Studies (Blackie), Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC; Department of Family Medicine (Burge, Lavergne), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; St. Michael's Hospital (Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Goldsmith, Hedden), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; GoldQual Consulting (Goldsmith), Toronto, Ont.; Telfer School of Management (Grudniewicz), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Jamieson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine (Katz) and Community Health Sciences (Katz), Winnipeg, Man.; Nova Scotia Health Authority (MacKenzie, Marshall), Halifax, NS; Department of Family Medicine (Marshall), Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Department of Family Practice (McCracken, Scott), and Centre for Health Education Scholarship (Scott), and School of Nursing (Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; National Institute of Nursing Research (Wong), Bethesda, Md.; Tier II Primary Care (Lavergne), Canada Research Chairs Program, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Sandra Peterson
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Rudoler), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont.; Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences (Rudoler), Whitby, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Peterson, McGrail, Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Stock, MacKenzie), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Taylor), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Wilton, Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; School of Leadership Studies (Blackie), Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC; Department of Family Medicine (Burge, Lavergne), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; St. Michael's Hospital (Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Goldsmith, Hedden), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; GoldQual Consulting (Goldsmith), Toronto, Ont.; Telfer School of Management (Grudniewicz), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Jamieson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine (Katz) and Community Health Sciences (Katz), Winnipeg, Man.; Nova Scotia Health Authority (MacKenzie, Marshall), Halifax, NS; Department of Family Medicine (Marshall), Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Department of Family Practice (McCracken, Scott), and Centre for Health Education Scholarship (Scott), and School of Nursing (Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; National Institute of Nursing Research (Wong), Bethesda, Md.; Tier II Primary Care (Lavergne), Canada Research Chairs Program, Ottawa, Ont
| | - David Stock
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Rudoler), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont.; Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences (Rudoler), Whitby, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Peterson, McGrail, Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Stock, MacKenzie), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Taylor), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Wilton, Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; School of Leadership Studies (Blackie), Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC; Department of Family Medicine (Burge, Lavergne), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; St. Michael's Hospital (Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Goldsmith, Hedden), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; GoldQual Consulting (Goldsmith), Toronto, Ont.; Telfer School of Management (Grudniewicz), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Jamieson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine (Katz) and Community Health Sciences (Katz), Winnipeg, Man.; Nova Scotia Health Authority (MacKenzie, Marshall), Halifax, NS; Department of Family Medicine (Marshall), Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Department of Family Practice (McCracken, Scott), and Centre for Health Education Scholarship (Scott), and School of Nursing (Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; National Institute of Nursing Research (Wong), Bethesda, Md.; Tier II Primary Care (Lavergne), Canada Research Chairs Program, Ottawa, Ont.
| | - Carole Taylor
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Rudoler), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont.; Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences (Rudoler), Whitby, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Peterson, McGrail, Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Stock, MacKenzie), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Taylor), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Wilton, Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; School of Leadership Studies (Blackie), Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC; Department of Family Medicine (Burge, Lavergne), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; St. Michael's Hospital (Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Goldsmith, Hedden), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; GoldQual Consulting (Goldsmith), Toronto, Ont.; Telfer School of Management (Grudniewicz), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Jamieson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine (Katz) and Community Health Sciences (Katz), Winnipeg, Man.; Nova Scotia Health Authority (MacKenzie, Marshall), Halifax, NS; Department of Family Medicine (Marshall), Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Department of Family Practice (McCracken, Scott), and Centre for Health Education Scholarship (Scott), and School of Nursing (Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; National Institute of Nursing Research (Wong), Bethesda, Md.; Tier II Primary Care (Lavergne), Canada Research Chairs Program, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Drew Wilton
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Rudoler), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont.; Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences (Rudoler), Whitby, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Peterson, McGrail, Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Stock, MacKenzie), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Taylor), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Wilton, Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; School of Leadership Studies (Blackie), Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC; Department of Family Medicine (Burge, Lavergne), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; St. Michael's Hospital (Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Goldsmith, Hedden), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; GoldQual Consulting (Goldsmith), Toronto, Ont.; Telfer School of Management (Grudniewicz), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Jamieson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine (Katz) and Community Health Sciences (Katz), Winnipeg, Man.; Nova Scotia Health Authority (MacKenzie, Marshall), Halifax, NS; Department of Family Medicine (Marshall), Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Department of Family Practice (McCracken, Scott), and Centre for Health Education Scholarship (Scott), and School of Nursing (Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; National Institute of Nursing Research (Wong), Bethesda, Md.; Tier II Primary Care (Lavergne), Canada Research Chairs Program, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Doug Blackie
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Rudoler), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont.; Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences (Rudoler), Whitby, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Peterson, McGrail, Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Stock, MacKenzie), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Taylor), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Wilton, Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; School of Leadership Studies (Blackie), Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC; Department of Family Medicine (Burge, Lavergne), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; St. Michael's Hospital (Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Goldsmith, Hedden), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; GoldQual Consulting (Goldsmith), Toronto, Ont.; Telfer School of Management (Grudniewicz), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Jamieson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine (Katz) and Community Health Sciences (Katz), Winnipeg, Man.; Nova Scotia Health Authority (MacKenzie, Marshall), Halifax, NS; Department of Family Medicine (Marshall), Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Department of Family Practice (McCracken, Scott), and Centre for Health Education Scholarship (Scott), and School of Nursing (Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; National Institute of Nursing Research (Wong), Bethesda, Md.; Tier II Primary Care (Lavergne), Canada Research Chairs Program, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Fred Burge
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Rudoler), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont.; Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences (Rudoler), Whitby, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Peterson, McGrail, Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Stock, MacKenzie), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Taylor), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Wilton, Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; School of Leadership Studies (Blackie), Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC; Department of Family Medicine (Burge, Lavergne), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; St. Michael's Hospital (Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Goldsmith, Hedden), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; GoldQual Consulting (Goldsmith), Toronto, Ont.; Telfer School of Management (Grudniewicz), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Jamieson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine (Katz) and Community Health Sciences (Katz), Winnipeg, Man.; Nova Scotia Health Authority (MacKenzie, Marshall), Halifax, NS; Department of Family Medicine (Marshall), Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Department of Family Practice (McCracken, Scott), and Centre for Health Education Scholarship (Scott), and School of Nursing (Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; National Institute of Nursing Research (Wong), Bethesda, Md.; Tier II Primary Care (Lavergne), Canada Research Chairs Program, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Richard H Glazier
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Rudoler), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont.; Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences (Rudoler), Whitby, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Peterson, McGrail, Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Stock, MacKenzie), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Taylor), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Wilton, Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; School of Leadership Studies (Blackie), Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC; Department of Family Medicine (Burge, Lavergne), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; St. Michael's Hospital (Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Goldsmith, Hedden), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; GoldQual Consulting (Goldsmith), Toronto, Ont.; Telfer School of Management (Grudniewicz), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Jamieson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine (Katz) and Community Health Sciences (Katz), Winnipeg, Man.; Nova Scotia Health Authority (MacKenzie, Marshall), Halifax, NS; Department of Family Medicine (Marshall), Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Department of Family Practice (McCracken, Scott), and Centre for Health Education Scholarship (Scott), and School of Nursing (Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; National Institute of Nursing Research (Wong), Bethesda, Md.; Tier II Primary Care (Lavergne), Canada Research Chairs Program, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Laurie Goldsmith
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Rudoler), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont.; Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences (Rudoler), Whitby, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Peterson, McGrail, Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Stock, MacKenzie), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Taylor), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Wilton, Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; School of Leadership Studies (Blackie), Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC; Department of Family Medicine (Burge, Lavergne), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; St. Michael's Hospital (Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Goldsmith, Hedden), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; GoldQual Consulting (Goldsmith), Toronto, Ont.; Telfer School of Management (Grudniewicz), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Jamieson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine (Katz) and Community Health Sciences (Katz), Winnipeg, Man.; Nova Scotia Health Authority (MacKenzie, Marshall), Halifax, NS; Department of Family Medicine (Marshall), Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Department of Family Practice (McCracken, Scott), and Centre for Health Education Scholarship (Scott), and School of Nursing (Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; National Institute of Nursing Research (Wong), Bethesda, Md.; Tier II Primary Care (Lavergne), Canada Research Chairs Program, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Agnes Grudniewicz
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Rudoler), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont.; Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences (Rudoler), Whitby, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Peterson, McGrail, Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Stock, MacKenzie), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Taylor), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Wilton, Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; School of Leadership Studies (Blackie), Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC; Department of Family Medicine (Burge, Lavergne), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; St. Michael's Hospital (Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Goldsmith, Hedden), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; GoldQual Consulting (Goldsmith), Toronto, Ont.; Telfer School of Management (Grudniewicz), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Jamieson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine (Katz) and Community Health Sciences (Katz), Winnipeg, Man.; Nova Scotia Health Authority (MacKenzie, Marshall), Halifax, NS; Department of Family Medicine (Marshall), Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Department of Family Practice (McCracken, Scott), and Centre for Health Education Scholarship (Scott), and School of Nursing (Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; National Institute of Nursing Research (Wong), Bethesda, Md.; Tier II Primary Care (Lavergne), Canada Research Chairs Program, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Lindsay Hedden
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Rudoler), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont.; Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences (Rudoler), Whitby, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Peterson, McGrail, Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Stock, MacKenzie), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Taylor), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Wilton, Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; School of Leadership Studies (Blackie), Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC; Department of Family Medicine (Burge, Lavergne), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; St. Michael's Hospital (Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Goldsmith, Hedden), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; GoldQual Consulting (Goldsmith), Toronto, Ont.; Telfer School of Management (Grudniewicz), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Jamieson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine (Katz) and Community Health Sciences (Katz), Winnipeg, Man.; Nova Scotia Health Authority (MacKenzie, Marshall), Halifax, NS; Department of Family Medicine (Marshall), Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Department of Family Practice (McCracken, Scott), and Centre for Health Education Scholarship (Scott), and School of Nursing (Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; National Institute of Nursing Research (Wong), Bethesda, Md.; Tier II Primary Care (Lavergne), Canada Research Chairs Program, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Margaret Jamieson
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Rudoler), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont.; Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences (Rudoler), Whitby, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Peterson, McGrail, Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Stock, MacKenzie), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Taylor), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Wilton, Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; School of Leadership Studies (Blackie), Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC; Department of Family Medicine (Burge, Lavergne), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; St. Michael's Hospital (Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Goldsmith, Hedden), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; GoldQual Consulting (Goldsmith), Toronto, Ont.; Telfer School of Management (Grudniewicz), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Jamieson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine (Katz) and Community Health Sciences (Katz), Winnipeg, Man.; Nova Scotia Health Authority (MacKenzie, Marshall), Halifax, NS; Department of Family Medicine (Marshall), Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Department of Family Practice (McCracken, Scott), and Centre for Health Education Scholarship (Scott), and School of Nursing (Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; National Institute of Nursing Research (Wong), Bethesda, Md.; Tier II Primary Care (Lavergne), Canada Research Chairs Program, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Alan Katz
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Rudoler), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont.; Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences (Rudoler), Whitby, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Peterson, McGrail, Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Stock, MacKenzie), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Taylor), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Wilton, Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; School of Leadership Studies (Blackie), Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC; Department of Family Medicine (Burge, Lavergne), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; St. Michael's Hospital (Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Goldsmith, Hedden), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; GoldQual Consulting (Goldsmith), Toronto, Ont.; Telfer School of Management (Grudniewicz), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Jamieson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine (Katz) and Community Health Sciences (Katz), Winnipeg, Man.; Nova Scotia Health Authority (MacKenzie, Marshall), Halifax, NS; Department of Family Medicine (Marshall), Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Department of Family Practice (McCracken, Scott), and Centre for Health Education Scholarship (Scott), and School of Nursing (Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; National Institute of Nursing Research (Wong), Bethesda, Md.; Tier II Primary Care (Lavergne), Canada Research Chairs Program, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Adrian MacKenzie
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Rudoler), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont.; Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences (Rudoler), Whitby, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Peterson, McGrail, Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Stock, MacKenzie), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Taylor), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Wilton, Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; School of Leadership Studies (Blackie), Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC; Department of Family Medicine (Burge, Lavergne), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; St. Michael's Hospital (Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Goldsmith, Hedden), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; GoldQual Consulting (Goldsmith), Toronto, Ont.; Telfer School of Management (Grudniewicz), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Jamieson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine (Katz) and Community Health Sciences (Katz), Winnipeg, Man.; Nova Scotia Health Authority (MacKenzie, Marshall), Halifax, NS; Department of Family Medicine (Marshall), Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Department of Family Practice (McCracken, Scott), and Centre for Health Education Scholarship (Scott), and School of Nursing (Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; National Institute of Nursing Research (Wong), Bethesda, Md.; Tier II Primary Care (Lavergne), Canada Research Chairs Program, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Emily Marshall
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Rudoler), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont.; Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences (Rudoler), Whitby, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Peterson, McGrail, Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Stock, MacKenzie), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Taylor), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Wilton, Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; School of Leadership Studies (Blackie), Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC; Department of Family Medicine (Burge, Lavergne), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; St. Michael's Hospital (Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Goldsmith, Hedden), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; GoldQual Consulting (Goldsmith), Toronto, Ont.; Telfer School of Management (Grudniewicz), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Jamieson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine (Katz) and Community Health Sciences (Katz), Winnipeg, Man.; Nova Scotia Health Authority (MacKenzie, Marshall), Halifax, NS; Department of Family Medicine (Marshall), Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Department of Family Practice (McCracken, Scott), and Centre for Health Education Scholarship (Scott), and School of Nursing (Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; National Institute of Nursing Research (Wong), Bethesda, Md.; Tier II Primary Care (Lavergne), Canada Research Chairs Program, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Rita McCracken
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Rudoler), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont.; Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences (Rudoler), Whitby, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Peterson, McGrail, Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Stock, MacKenzie), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Taylor), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Wilton, Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; School of Leadership Studies (Blackie), Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC; Department of Family Medicine (Burge, Lavergne), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; St. Michael's Hospital (Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Goldsmith, Hedden), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; GoldQual Consulting (Goldsmith), Toronto, Ont.; Telfer School of Management (Grudniewicz), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Jamieson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine (Katz) and Community Health Sciences (Katz), Winnipeg, Man.; Nova Scotia Health Authority (MacKenzie, Marshall), Halifax, NS; Department of Family Medicine (Marshall), Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Department of Family Practice (McCracken, Scott), and Centre for Health Education Scholarship (Scott), and School of Nursing (Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; National Institute of Nursing Research (Wong), Bethesda, Md.; Tier II Primary Care (Lavergne), Canada Research Chairs Program, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Kim McGrail
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Rudoler), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont.; Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences (Rudoler), Whitby, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Peterson, McGrail, Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Stock, MacKenzie), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Taylor), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Wilton, Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; School of Leadership Studies (Blackie), Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC; Department of Family Medicine (Burge, Lavergne), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; St. Michael's Hospital (Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Goldsmith, Hedden), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; GoldQual Consulting (Goldsmith), Toronto, Ont.; Telfer School of Management (Grudniewicz), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Jamieson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine (Katz) and Community Health Sciences (Katz), Winnipeg, Man.; Nova Scotia Health Authority (MacKenzie, Marshall), Halifax, NS; Department of Family Medicine (Marshall), Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Department of Family Practice (McCracken, Scott), and Centre for Health Education Scholarship (Scott), and School of Nursing (Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; National Institute of Nursing Research (Wong), Bethesda, Md.; Tier II Primary Care (Lavergne), Canada Research Chairs Program, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Ian Scott
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Rudoler), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont.; Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences (Rudoler), Whitby, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Peterson, McGrail, Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Stock, MacKenzie), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Taylor), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Wilton, Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; School of Leadership Studies (Blackie), Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC; Department of Family Medicine (Burge, Lavergne), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; St. Michael's Hospital (Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Goldsmith, Hedden), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; GoldQual Consulting (Goldsmith), Toronto, Ont.; Telfer School of Management (Grudniewicz), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Jamieson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine (Katz) and Community Health Sciences (Katz), Winnipeg, Man.; Nova Scotia Health Authority (MacKenzie, Marshall), Halifax, NS; Department of Family Medicine (Marshall), Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Department of Family Practice (McCracken, Scott), and Centre for Health Education Scholarship (Scott), and School of Nursing (Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; National Institute of Nursing Research (Wong), Bethesda, Md.; Tier II Primary Care (Lavergne), Canada Research Chairs Program, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Sabrina T Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Rudoler), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont.; Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences (Rudoler), Whitby, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Peterson, McGrail, Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Stock, MacKenzie), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Taylor), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Wilton, Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; School of Leadership Studies (Blackie), Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC; Department of Family Medicine (Burge, Lavergne), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; St. Michael's Hospital (Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Goldsmith, Hedden), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; GoldQual Consulting (Goldsmith), Toronto, Ont.; Telfer School of Management (Grudniewicz), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Jamieson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine (Katz) and Community Health Sciences (Katz), Winnipeg, Man.; Nova Scotia Health Authority (MacKenzie, Marshall), Halifax, NS; Department of Family Medicine (Marshall), Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Department of Family Practice (McCracken, Scott), and Centre for Health Education Scholarship (Scott), and School of Nursing (Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; National Institute of Nursing Research (Wong), Bethesda, Md.; Tier II Primary Care (Lavergne), Canada Research Chairs Program, Ottawa, Ont
| | - M Ruth Lavergne
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Rudoler), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont.; Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences (Rudoler), Whitby, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Peterson, McGrail, Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Stock, MacKenzie), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Taylor), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Wilton, Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; School of Leadership Studies (Blackie), Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC; Department of Family Medicine (Burge, Lavergne), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; St. Michael's Hospital (Glazier), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Goldsmith, Hedden), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; GoldQual Consulting (Goldsmith), Toronto, Ont.; Telfer School of Management (Grudniewicz), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Jamieson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine (Katz) and Community Health Sciences (Katz), Winnipeg, Man.; Nova Scotia Health Authority (MacKenzie, Marshall), Halifax, NS; Department of Family Medicine (Marshall), Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Department of Family Practice (McCracken, Scott), and Centre for Health Education Scholarship (Scott), and School of Nursing (Wong), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; National Institute of Nursing Research (Wong), Bethesda, Md.; Tier II Primary Care (Lavergne), Canada Research Chairs Program, Ottawa, Ont
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Yang G, D'Arcy C. Age, period and cohort effects in depression prevalence among Canadians 65+, 1994 to 2018: A multi-level analysis. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022:207640221141785. [PMID: 36475530 DOI: 10.1177/00207640221141785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nature of the Canadian population 65+ has changed considerably over the past several decades. They comprise a larger proportion of the population, are better educated, and are wealthier than previous generations. We estimate the contributions of chronological aging, temporal periods, and birth cohort effects on the trends in the major depressive episode (MDE) prevalence among Canadian seniors from 1994/1995 to 2017/2018. METHODS Using data from two sets of national health surveys, the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) and the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). Pooled data on 150,246 survey respondents aged 65+ from 16 repeated cross-sectional surveys are included. Hierarchical regression age-period-cohort models were used to visualize the linear and non-linear effects of age, period, and cohort trends in late-life depression. RESULTS We found that: the prevalence of MDE in later life fluctuated non-significantly during the study time period; the probability of developing MDE declined with increasing age from 65 to 80+ (β = -.32, p = .027). The significant quadratic birth cohort predictor showed a non-linear increasing association with the prevalence of MDE from the earlier to later-born cohorts (β = .01, p = .049). We also found that females 65+ were consistently more likely to be depressed than males 65+ (β = .47, p = .007). The significantly negative "age × female" interaction shows that age exerts a greater effect on females' probability of developing MDE than males (β = -.09, p = .011). There were no consistent significant period effects but there were peaks in prevalence around 2001, 2008, and 2012 which corresponded to some recent historical events. Our moderation analysis documents that lower levels of education significantly contributed to the higher rates of depression among cohorts born earlier in the 20th century. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show the presence of strong chronological age and cohort effects and weaker period effects on the prevalence of late-life depression in Canadian seniors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Carl D'Arcy
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Garcia M, McGillicuddy C, Rodriguez EM, Attwood K, Schweitzer J, Coley S, Rokitka D, Schlecht NF. Human papillomavirus vaccination uptake among childhood cancer survivors in Western New York. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29962. [PMID: 36094384 PMCID: PMC9529834 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers is significantly higher among survivors of a childhood cancer compared to the general population. Despite this, their HPV vaccine uptake rates are lower. We examined factors related to HPV vaccine uptake among childhood cancer survivors from Western New York over 13 years following the introduction of HPV vaccines. METHODS Retrospective review of patients diagnosed with invasive or noninvasive cancerous conditions at age 9 or younger treated at Roswell Park Oishei Children's Cancer and Blood Disorder Program. We matched vaccine date information for patients aged 9-26 years between 2006 and 2020 from the New York State Immunization Information System. Demographic and cancer-related information was abstracted from electronic medical records. Cumulative vaccine uptake was assessed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS A total of 284 patients were included in the analyses. Most were non-Hispanic/White (80.3%) and resided in a metropolitan area (81.7%). Approximately half had leukemia or lymphoma (54.9%), and most received chemotherapy. Females were more likely to initiate the HPV vaccine and did so sooner (median = 5.5 years) than males (median = 5.7 years; log-rank p = .301). Patients who were older at vaccine eligibility and males who received blood product transfusions were significantly less likely to initiate the HPV vaccine. CONCLUSION While rates of HPV vaccine initiation have been increasing with time among childhood cancer survivors, they remain low overall, with differences seen by treatment and diagnosis. Our findings support the need for further research to optimize HPV vaccine delivery in cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melany Garcia
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention and Control, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Cailey McGillicuddy
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention and Control, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Elisa M. Rodriguez
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention and Control, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Kristopher Attwood
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Schweitzer
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clinical Research Services, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Scott Coley
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Immunization, NY, United States of America
| | - Denise Rokitka
- Department of Pediatrics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Nicolas F. Schlecht
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention and Control, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
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Bann D, Wright L, Goisis A, Hardy R, Johnson W, Maddock J, McElroy E, Moulton V, Patalay P, Scholes S, Silverwood RJ, Ploubidis GB, O’Neill D. Investigating change across time in prevalence or association: the challenges of cross-study comparative research and possible solutions. DISCOVER SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH 2022; 2:18. [PMID: 36317190 PMCID: PMC9613735 DOI: 10.1007/s44155-022-00021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cross-study research initiatives to understand change across time are an increasingly prominent component of social and health sciences, yet they present considerable practical, analytical and conceptual challenges. First, we discuss the key challenges to comparative research as a basis for detecting societal change, as well as possible solutions. We focus on studies which investigate changes across time in outcome occurrence or the magnitude and/or direction of associations. We discuss the use and importance of such research, study inclusion, sources of bias and mitigation, and interpretation. Second, we propose a structured framework (a checklist) that is intended to provide guidance for future authors and reviewers. Third, we outline a new open-access teaching resource that offers detailed instruction and reusable analytical syntax to guide newcomers on techniques for conducting comparative analysis and data visualisation (in both R and Stata formats). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44155-022-00021-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bann
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Liam Wright
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alice Goisis
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - William Johnson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Jane Maddock
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eoin McElroy
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Vanessa Moulton
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shaun Scholes
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard J. Silverwood
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - George B. Ploubidis
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dara O’Neill
- Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
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Vedøy TF, Lund KE. Beliefs about harms of cigarette smoking among Norwegian adults born from 1899 to 1969. Do variations across education, smoking status and sex mirror the decline in smoking? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271647. [PMID: 35921379 PMCID: PMC9348701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Smoking is one of the most important causes of socioeconomic disparities in morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to examine if beliefs about harms of smoking differed across gender, smoking status and education among Norwegian adults born between 1899 and 1969. METHODS Using data from a nationally representative survey of smoking habits and a multinomial logit/negative binomial two-stage hurdle model design, we examined (first hurdle) the associations between birth cohort, gender, education and smoking status and four beliefs about cigarette smoking: i) smoking is not harmful, ii) do not know if smoking is harmful, iii) any number of cigarettes per day (CPD) is harmful and iv) smoking more than a given nonzero number of CPD is harmful, and (second hurdle) the predicted number of CPD that could be smoked without causing harm (from outcome iv). RESULTS The probability of believing that smoking was not harmful was close to zero, regardless of birth cohort, sex, education and smoking status. The probability of not knowing if smoking was harmful decreased from around 0.7 to almost zero across cohorts. The probability of believing that smoking more than zero CPD was harmful increased from less than 0.1 to around 0.7, while the probability of believing that there is some safe level of smoking increased with cohorts born from 1900 to 1930 before declining. Respondents with primary/secondary education consistently believed smoking to be less harmful compared to respondents with tertiary education, but cohort trajectories were similar. DISCUSSION The similar birth cohort trajectories in beliefs about the harms of smoking do not support the idea that Norwegian adults with lower education has had qualitatively different beliefs about the harmfulness of smoking compared to those with higher education. The persistent and large socioeconomic gradient is likely a result of other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tord Finne Vedøy
- Department of Alcohol, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Tobacco and Drugs, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karl Erik Lund
- Department of Alcohol, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Tobacco and Drugs, Oslo, Norway
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Luo L, Hodges JS. The Age-Period-Cohort-Interaction Model for Describing and Investigating Inter-cohort Deviations and Intra-cohort Life-course Dynamics. SOCIOLOGICAL METHODS & RESEARCH 2022; 51:1164-1210. [PMID: 37032706 PMCID: PMC10081508 DOI: 10.1177/0049124119882451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Social scientists have frequently sought to understand the distinct effects of age, period, and cohort, but disaggregation of the three dimensions is difficult because cohort = period - age. We argue that this technical difficulty reflects a disconnection between how cohort effect is conceptualized and how it is modeled in the traditional age-period-cohort framework. We propose a new method, called the age-period-cohort-interaction (APC-I) model, that is qualitatively different from previous methods in that it represents Ryder's (1965) theoretical account about the conditions under which cohort differentiation may arise. This APC-I model does not require problematic statistical assumptions and the interpretation is straightforward. It quantifies inter-cohort deviations from the age and period main effects and also permits hypothesis testing about intra-cohort life-course dynamics. We demonstrate how this new model can be used to examine age, period, and cohort patterns in women's labor force participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Luo
- Department of Sociology & Criminology Population Research Institute Pennsylvania State University
| | - James S Hodges
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health University of Minnesota
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Epp J, Rajapakshe R. Breast cancer risk predictions by birth cohort and ethnicity in a population-based screening mammography program. Br J Radiol 2022; 95:20211388. [PMID: 35762939 PMCID: PMC10162048 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20211388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether birth cohorts affect the risk of breast cancer for East Asian, First Nations, African, South Asian and Caucasian ethnicities in British Columbia (BC). METHODS We used Cox PH models adjusted for well-known risk factors, such as age, breast density, mammographic features on false positives, and family history, to examine risk of breast cancer among East Asian, First Nations, African and South Asian ethnicities, relative to Caucasian, across three birth cohorts. RESULTS There were 813,280 participants and 11,166 in situ and invasive breast cancer diagnoses. East Asians screened in BC were found to have a lower risk of breast cancer in the birth cohort born pre-1946 compared to Caucasian, but there was no statistically significant decrease for East Asians born after 1946. First Nations had an increased risk of breast cancer compared with Caucasian for all birth cohorts ranging from 1.1 to 2.0x the risk, which was statistically significant for those born after 1965. South Asians showed a statistically significant decrease in risk ranging from 0.58 to 0.81x lower compared with Caucasians for all birth cohorts. CONCLUSION Risk of breast cancer for South Asians living in BC was found to be lower than Caucasians for each birth cohort examined, while East Asians had a comparable risk of breast cancer, First Nations had a consistently higher risk than Caucasians. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE When accounting for birth cohort, compared to Caucasians, South Asians have a decreased risk, First Nations have an increased risk, and East Asians have a similar risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Epp
- BC Cancer – Kelowna, Kelowna, Canada
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Keyes KM, Rutherford C, Smith GS. Alcohol-Induced Death in the USA from 1999 to 2020: a Comparison of Age–Period–Cohort Methods. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40471-022-00300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mayer J, Vasic N, Wolf V, Steiner I, Klein V, Fritz M, Rothe P, Streb J, Dudeck M. Gender Differences in the Psychopharmacological Treatment of Forensic In-Patients With Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:907123. [PMID: 35911248 PMCID: PMC9334521 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.907123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In forensic psychiatry, psychopharmacological treatment plays a crucial role for patients with schizophrenia in improving their medical as well as legal prognosis. However, an increase in the number of females entering forensic treatment has yet to yield empirical research on the outcome of psychopharmacological treatment of female patients with schizophrenia in terms of efficacy and tolerability. Aims The aim of the present study is to elucidate pharmacological treatment strategies of women with schizophrenia in forensic psychiatry in comparison with men. Methods This study compares psychopharmacological treatment strategies, psychopathological features, as well as neurological and metabolic side effects of treatment between 29 female and 29 male in-patients with schizophrenia in three forensic facilities in Bavaria, Germany. Results Results show significant differences between genders. Poorer psychopathological and neurological features were found in the female sample, while men registered worse metabolic parameters. In terms of psychopharmacological treatment strategies, female in-patients were more often prescribed second-generation depot antipsychotics. Surprisingly, the potency of the dosages did not differ between genders. The results suggest that female forensic patients with schizophrenia have more severe and refractory diseases than their male counterparts. Conclusion Recommendations for gender-specific treatment strategies are derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Mayer
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, kbo-Isar-Amper-Clinic Taufkirchen (Vils), Taufkirchen, Germany
| | - Nenad Vasic
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinic Centre Christophsbad, Göppingen, Germany
| | - Viviane Wolf
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, kbo-Isar-Amper-Clinic Taufkirchen (Vils), Taufkirchen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, LVR-Clinic Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ivonne Steiner
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, kbo-Isar-Amper-Clinic Taufkirchen (Vils), Taufkirchen, Germany
| | - Verena Klein
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, kbo-Isar-Amper-Clinic Taufkirchen (Vils), Taufkirchen, Germany
| | - Michael Fritz
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, District Hospital Günzburg, Ulm University, Günzburg, Germany
- School of Health and Social Sciences, AKAD University of Applied Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philipp Rothe
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, kbo-Isar-Amper-Clinic Taufkirchen (Vils), Taufkirchen, Germany
- kbo-Lech-Mangfall-Clinic Agatharied, Hausham, Germany
| | - Judith Streb
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, District Hospital Günzburg, Ulm University, Günzburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Dudeck
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, District Hospital Günzburg, Ulm University, Günzburg, Germany
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Rafei A, Elliott MR, Jones RE, Riosmena F, Cunningham SA, Mehta NK. Obesity Incidence in U.S. Children and Young Adults: A Pooled Analysis. Am J Prev Med 2022; 63:51-59. [PMID: 35256211 PMCID: PMC9232860 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity prevalence among children and adolescents has risen sharply, yet there is a limited understanding of the age-specific dynamics of obesity as there is no single nationally representative cohort following children into young adulthood. Investigators constructed a pooled data set of 5 nationally representative panels and modeled age-specific obesity incidence from childhood into young adulthood. METHODS This longitudinal prospective follow-up used 718,560 person-years of observation in a pooled data set of 5 high-quality nationally representative panels-National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and 1997, National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, and Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten cohorts of 1998 and 2011-constructed by the authors, covering 1980-2016. Differences in obesity incidence across birth cohorts and disparities in obesity incidence by sex and race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White) were tested in multivariate models. Data were analyzed from September 2018 to October 2021. RESULTS Obesity incidence increased by approximately 6% for each 1 year of age (hazard ratio=1.06, 95% CI=1.05, 1.07); however, incidence was nonlinear, exhibiting an inverted "U"-shaped pattern before 15 years of age and then rising from adolescence through 30 years. Obesity incidence more than doubled between the cohorts born in 1957-1965 and those born in 1974-1985 during adolescence. There was no significant change among those born in 1991-1994 and 2003-2006 up to age 15 years. Compared with non-Hispanic White children, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic children had higher obesity incidence in all study cohorts. The magnitude of these disparities on the relative scale remained stable throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS Although many children become obese before the age of 10, obesity incidence rises from about 15 years into early adulthood, suggesting that interventions are required at multiple developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rafei
- Survey Methodology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael R Elliott
- Survey Methodology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rebecca E Jones
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Fernando Riosmena
- Population Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado; The Geography Department, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | | | - Neil K Mehta
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
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Wolfe JD. The Financial Correlates of Midlife Obesity. Am J Prev Med 2022; 63:S18-S27. [PMID: 35725137 PMCID: PMC9219113 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study explored the associations between midlife obesity and an array of common financial stressors related to wealth loss, debt, and bankruptcy. METHODS The analysis was conducted in 2022 with data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. The final sample included 36,122 observations on 8,059 respondents as they aged from ages 31‒39 years in 1996 to ages 51‒59 in 2016. Associations between obesity and financial stressors were estimated with logistic regression models adjusting for a comprehensive set of relevant control variables. RESULTS The analysis found significant relationships between obesity and multiple types of financial stressors, including property debt, unsecured debt, and bankruptcy. Property debt and unsecured debt increased the odds of obesity by 29% and 20%, respectively, and bankruptcy increased the odds of obesity by 43%. Average Marginal Effects (AMEs) in combination with model fit statistics confirmed that these stressors-unsecured debt, property debt, and bankruptcy-were important financial correlates of midlife obesity among the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort. CONCLUSIONS The financial correlates of obesity included multiple financial stressors, but the magnitude of associations varied substantially across types of financial stressors. Results suggest that future interventions aimed at reducing obesity disparities should target populations with high levels of debt and bankruptcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Wolfe
- Department of Sociology, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Opazo Breton M, Gillespie D, Pryce R, Bogdanovica I, Angus C, Hernandez Alava M, Brennan A, Britton J. Understanding long-term trends in smoking in England, 1972-2019: an age-period-cohort approach. Addiction 2022; 117:1392-1403. [PMID: 34590368 DOI: 10.1111/add.15696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Smoking prevalence has been falling in England for more than 50 years, but remains a prevalent and major public health problem. This study used an age-period-cohort (APC) approach to measure lifecycle, historical and generational patterns of individual smoking behaviour. DESIGN APC analysis of repeated cross-sectional smoking prevalence data obtained from three nationally representative surveys. SETTING England (1972-2019). PARTICIPANTS Individuals aged 18-90 years. MEASUREMENTS We studied relative odds of current smoking in relation to age in single years from 18 to 90, 24 groups of 2-year survey periods (1972-73 to 2018-19) and 20 groups of 5-year birth cohorts (1907-11 to 1997-2001). Age and period rates were studied for two groups of birth cohorts: those aged 18-25 years and those aged over 25 years. FINDINGS Relative to age 18, the odds of current smoking increased with age until approximately age 25 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.41-1.56] and then decreased progressively to age 90 (OR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.04-0.08). They also decreased almost linearly with period relative to 1972-73 (for 2018-19: OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.26-0.34) and with birth cohort relative to 1902-06, with the largest decreased observed for birth cohort 1992-96 (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.35-0.46) and 1997-2001 (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.74-0.88). Smoking declined in the 18-25 age group by an average of 7% over successive 2-year periods and by an average of 5% in those aged over 25. CONCLUSIONS Smoking in England appears to have declined over recent decades mainly as a result of reduced smoking uptake before age 25, and to a lesser extent to smoking cessation after age 25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Opazo Breton
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Gillespie
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Pryce
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ilze Bogdanovica
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Angus
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Hernandez Alava
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Brennan
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - John Britton
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Keyes KM, Cerdá M. Dynamics of drug overdose in the 20th and 21st centuries: The exponential curve was not inevitable, and continued increases are preventable. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2022; 104:103675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Donzella SM, Lind KE, Skiba MB, Farland LV, Thomson CA, Werts SJ, Bell ML, LeBlanc E, Weitlauf JC, Hery CMB, Naughton MJ, Mortimer J, Crane TE. The relationship between sleep and weight change among women diagnosed with breast cancer participating in the Women's Health Initiative. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 192:423-433. [PMID: 35006483 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Short and long sleep duration and poor sleep quality are risk factors for weight gain and cancer mortality. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between sleep and weight change among postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. METHODS Women participating in the Women's Health Initiative who were diagnosed with incident breast cancer between year one and year three were included. Self-reported sleep duration was categorized as ≤ 5 h (short), 6 h, 7-8 h (optimal), and ≥ 9 h (long). Self-reported sleep quality was categorized as poor, average, and above average. Post-diagnosis weight change was the difference of weight closest to, but preceding diagnosis, and year 3 weight. We used linear regression to evaluate sleep duration and sleep quality associations with post-diagnosis weight change adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Among 1156 participants, 63% were weight stable after diagnosis; average weight gain post cancer diagnosis was 3.2 kg. Six percent of women reported sleeping ≤ 5 h, 26% reported 6 h, 64% reported 7-8 h, and 4% reported ≥ 9 h. There were no differences in adjusted estimates of weight change among participants with short duration (0.37 kg; 95% CI - 0.88, 1.63), or long duration (- 0.56 kg; 95% CI - 2.03, 0.90) compared to optimal duration, nor was there a difference among poor quality (- 0.51 kg; 95% CI - 1.42, 0.41) compared to above average quality. CONCLUSION Among postmenopausal breast cancer survivors, sleep duration and quality were not associated with weight change after breast cancer diagnosis. Future studies should consider capturing change in adiposity and to expand beyond self-reported sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney M Donzella
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Kimberly E Lind
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Meghan B Skiba
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Leslie V Farland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Cynthia A Thomson
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, USA
| | - Samantha J Werts
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Melanie L Bell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, USA
| | - Erin LeBlanc
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, USA
| | - Julie C Weitlauf
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | | | | | - Joanne Mortimer
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, The City of Hope, Duarte, USA
| | - Tracy E Crane
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, USA.
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
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Healthier over time? Period effects in health among older Europeans in a step-wise approach to identification. Soc Sci Med 2022; 297:114791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kaur N, Hamilton AD, Chen Q, Hasin D, Cerda M, Martins SS, Keyes KM. Age, Period, and Cohort Effects of Internalizing Symptoms Among US Students and the Influence of Self-Reported Frequency of Attaining 7 or More Hours of Sleep: Results From the Monitoring the Future Survey 1991-2019. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:1081-1091. [PMID: 35048117 PMCID: PMC9393068 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent internalizing symptoms have increased since 2010, whereas adequate sleep has declined for several decades. It remains unclear how self-reported sleep attainment has affected internalizing-symptoms trends. Using 1991-2019 data from the Monitoring the Future Study (n ~ 390,000), we estimated age-period-cohort effects in adolescent internalizing symptoms (e.g., loneliness, self-esteem, self-derogation, depressive affect) and the association with yearly prevalence of a survey-assessed, self-reported measure of attaining ≥7 hours of sleep most nights. We focused our main analysis on loneliness and used median odds ratios to measure variance in loneliness associated with period differences. We observed limited signals for cohort effects and modeled only period effects. The feeling of loneliness increased by 0.83% per year; adolescents in 2019 had 0.68 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.87) increased log odds of loneliness compared with the mean, which was consistent by race/ethnicity and parental education. Girls experienced steeper increases in loneliness than boys (P < 0.0001). The period-effect median odds ratio for loneliness was 1.16 (variance = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.17) before adjustment for self-reported frequency of getting ≥7 hours sleep versus 1.07 (variance = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.03) after adjustment. Adolescents across cohorts are experiencing worsening internalizing symptoms. Self-reported frequency of <7 hours sleep partially explains increases in loneliness, indicating the need for feasibility trials to study the effect of increasing sleep attainment on internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdep Kaur
- Correspondence to Navdep Kaur, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Room 723, 722 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 (e-mail: )
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Abstract
The age–period–cohort problem has been studied for decades but without resolution. There have been many suggested solutions to make the three effects estimable, but these solutions mostly exploit non-linear specifications. Yet, these approaches may suffer from misspecification or omitted variable bias. This paper is a practical-oriented study with an aim to empirically disentangle age–period–cohort effects by providing external information on the actual depreciation of housing structure rather than taking age as a proxy. It is based on appraisals of the improvement values of properties in New Zealand to estimate the age-depreciation effect. This research method provides a novel means of solving the identification problem of the age, period, and cohort trilemma. Based on about half a million housing transactions from 1990 to 2019 in the Auckland Region of New Zealand, the results show that traditional hedonic prices models using age and time dummy variables can result, ceteris paribus, in unreasonable positive depreciation rates. The use of the improvement values model can help improve the accuracy of home value assessment and reduce estimation biases. This method also has important practical implications for property valuations.
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Salazar CR, Ritchie M, Gillen DL, Grill JD. Strategies Associated with Retaining Participants in the Longitudinal National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:1557-1566. [PMID: 35491778 PMCID: PMC9277665 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Best approaches for retaining research participants in Alzheimer's disease cohort studies are understudied. OBJECTIVE Using data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set, we evaluated the associations of unique strategies with participant retention across Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers and explored potential effect modification by race, ethnicity and diagnostic group. METHODS We examined retention at the first follow-up visit among participants enrolled during 2015-2017. Structured surveys ascertained 95 retention tactics among 12 strategies. Strategy-specific summary scores were created based on the number of implemented tactics for each strategy and grouped into tertiles. Generalized estimating equations were constructed to evaluate associations between strategy scores and the odds of retention, controlling for age, sex, education, study partner type, marital status, visit length, battery length, diagnostic group, race and ethnicity. Separate models were stratified by race, ethnicity and diagnostic group. Effect modification was formally tested with interaction terms. RESULTS Among 5,715 total participants enrolled, 4,515 were Non-Hispanic White (79%), 335 were Hispanic/Latino (6%), 651 were Non-Hispanic Black (11%), and 214 were Non-Hispanic Asian (4%). Compared to the lowest tertile of scores, the highest tertile of scores involving improvement in study personnel and communication of study requirements and details were associated with 61% higher odds of retention in fully adjusted models (adjusted Odds Ratios [aOR] = 1.61, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.05-2.47 and aOR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.03-2.35, respectively). We did not find evidence for effect modification. CONCLUSION In the setting of limited resources, specific retention strategies may be more valuable than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R. Salazar
- University of California Irvine Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marina Ritchie
- University of California Irvine Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daniel L. Gillen
- University of California Irvine Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joshua D. Grill
- University of California Irvine Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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40
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Keyes KM. Age, Period, and Cohort Effects in Alcohol Use in the United States in the 20th and 21st Centuries: Implications for the Coming Decades. Alcohol Res 2022; 42:02. [PMID: 35083099 PMCID: PMC8772964 DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v42.1.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is part of a Festschrift commemorating the 50th anniversary of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Established in 1970, first as part of the National Institute of Mental Health and later as an independent institute of the National Institutes of Health, NIAAA today is the world's largest funding agency for alcohol research. In addition to its own intramural research program, NIAAA supports the entire spectrum of innovative basic, translational, and clinical research to advance the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of alcohol use disorder and alcohol-related problems. To celebrate the anniversary, NIAAA hosted a 2-day symposium, "Alcohol Across the Lifespan: 50 Years of Evidence-Based Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment Research," devoted to key topics within the field of alcohol research. This article is based on Dr. Keyes' presentation at the event. NIAAA Director George F. Koob, Ph.D., serves as editor of the Festschrift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
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41
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Dima D, Modabbernia A, Papachristou E, Doucet GE, Agartz I, Aghajani M, Akudjedu TN, Albajes‐Eizagirre A, Alnæs D, Alpert KI, Andersson M, Andreasen NC, Andreassen OA, Asherson P, Banaschewski T, Bargallo N, Baumeister S, Baur‐Streubel R, Bertolino A, Bonvino A, Boomsma DI, Borgwardt S, Bourque J, Brandeis D, Breier A, Brodaty H, Brouwer RM, Buitelaar JK, Busatto GF, Buckner RL, Calhoun V, Canales‐Rodríguez EJ, Cannon DM, Caseras X, Castellanos FX, Cervenka S, Chaim‐Avancini TM, Ching CRK, Chubar V, Clark VP, Conrod P, Conzelmann A, Crespo‐Facorro B, Crivello F, Crone EA, Dannlowski U, Dale AM, Davey C, de Geus EJC, de Haan L, de Zubicaray GI, den Braber A, Dickie EW, Di Giorgio A, Doan NT, Dørum ES, Ehrlich S, Erk S, Espeseth T, Fatouros‐Bergman H, Fisher SE, Fouche J, Franke B, Frodl T, Fuentes‐Claramonte P, Glahn DC, Gotlib IH, Grabe H, Grimm O, Groenewold NA, Grotegerd D, Gruber O, Gruner P, Gur RE, Gur RC, Hahn T, Harrison BJ, Hartman CA, Hatton SN, Heinz A, Heslenfeld DJ, Hibar DP, Hickie IB, Ho B, Hoekstra PJ, Hohmann S, Holmes AJ, Hoogman M, Hosten N, Howells FM, Hulshoff Pol HE, Huyser C, Jahanshad N, James A, Jernigan TL, Jiang J, Jönsson EG, Joska JA, Kahn R, Kalnin A, Kanai R, Klein M, Klyushnik TP, Koenders L, Koops S, Krämer B, Kuntsi J, Lagopoulos J, Lázaro L, Lebedeva I, Lee WH, Lesch K, Lochner C, Machielsen MWJ, Maingault S, Martin NG, Martínez‐Zalacaín I, Mataix‐Cols D, Mazoyer B, McDonald C, McDonald BC, McIntosh AM, McMahon KL, McPhilemy G, Meinert S, Menchón JM, Medland SE, Meyer‐Lindenberg A, Naaijen J, Najt P, Nakao T, Nordvik JE, Nyberg L, Oosterlaan J, de la Foz VO, Paloyelis Y, Pauli P, Pergola G, Pomarol‐Clotet E, Portella MJ, Potkin SG, Radua J, Reif A, Rinker DA, Roffman JL, Rosa PGP, Sacchet MD, Sachdev PS, Salvador R, Sánchez‐Juan P, Sarró S, Satterthwaite TD, Saykin AJ, Serpa MH, Schmaal L, Schnell K, Schumann G, Sim K, Smoller JW, Sommer I, Soriano‐Mas C, Stein DJ, Strike LT, Swagerman SC, Tamnes CK, Temmingh HS, Thomopoulos SI, Tomyshev AS, Tordesillas‐Gutiérrez D, Trollor JN, Turner JA, Uhlmann A, van den Heuvel OA, van den Meer D, van der Wee NJA, van Haren NEM, van't Ent D, van Erp TGM, Veer IM, Veltman DJ, Voineskos A, Völzke H, Walter H, Walton E, Wang L, Wang Y, Wassink TH, Weber B, Wen W, West JD, Westlye LT, Whalley H, Wierenga LM, Williams SCR, Wittfeld K, Wolf DH, Worker A, Wright MJ, Yang K, Yoncheva Y, Zanetti MV, Ziegler GC, Thompson PM, Frangou S. Subcortical volumes across the lifespan: Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:452-469. [PMID: 33570244 PMCID: PMC8675429 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age has a major effect on brain volume. However, the normative studies available are constrained by small sample sizes, restricted age coverage and significant methodological variability. These limitations introduce inconsistencies and may obscure or distort the lifespan trajectories of brain morphometry. In response, we capitalized on the resources of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to examine age-related trajectories inferred from cross-sectional measures of the ventricles, the basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens), the thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala using magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 18,605 individuals aged 3-90 years. All subcortical structure volumes were at their maximum value early in life. The volume of the basal ganglia showed a monotonic negative association with age thereafter; there was no significant association between age and the volumes of the thalamus, amygdala and the hippocampus (with some degree of decline in thalamus) until the sixth decade of life after which they also showed a steep negative association with age. The lateral ventricles showed continuous enlargement throughout the lifespan. Age was positively associated with inter-individual variability in the hippocampus and amygdala and the lateral ventricles. These results were robust to potential confounders and could be used to examine the functional significance of deviations from typical age-related morphometric patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai Dima
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social SciencesCity University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | | | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Psychiatric ResearchDiakonhjemmet HospitalOsloNorway
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Moji Aghajani
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical CentreLocation VUmcAmsterdamNetherlands
- Institute of Education & Child StudiesSection Forensic Family & Youth Care, Leiden UniversityNetherlands
| | - Theophilus N. Akudjedu
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Visualisation, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Social SciencesBournemouth UniversityPooleUK
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics and NCBES Galway Neuroscience CentreNational University of IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Anton Albajes‐Eizagirre
- FIDMAG Germanes HospitalàriesMadridSpain
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
| | - Dag Alnæs
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | - Micael Andersson
- Department of Integrative Medical BiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Nancy C. Andreasen
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of MedicineThe University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental HealthHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Nuria Bargallo
- Imaging Diagnostic Centre, Hospital ClinicBarcelona University ClinicBarcelonaSpain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institut (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Sarah Baumeister
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental HealthHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Ramona Baur‐Streubel
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and PsychotherapyUniversity of WürzburgWurzburgGermany
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense OrgansUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
| | - Aurora Bonvino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense OrgansUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry & PsychotherapyUniversity of LübeckLubeckGermany
| | - Josiane Bourque
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental HealthHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Alan Breier
- Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Rachel M. Brouwer
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- Donders Center of Medical NeurosciencesRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive NeuroimagingRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Geraldo F. Busatto
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Randy L. Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain ScienceHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Vincent Calhoun
- Tri‐Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, USA Neurology, Radiology, Psychiatry and Biomedical EngineeringEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Dara M. Cannon
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics and NCBES Galway Neuroscience CentreNational University of IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Xavier Caseras
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Stockholm Health Care ServicesStockholm RegionStockholmSweden
| | - Tiffany M. Chaim‐Avancini
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Christopher R. K. Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Victoria Chubar
- Department of NeuroscienceKU Leuven, Mind‐Body Research GroupLeuvenBelgium
| | - Vincent P. Clark
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
- Mind Research NetworkAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Department of PsychiatryUniversité de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | - Annette Conzelmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyUniversity of TübingenTubingenGermany
| | - Benedicto Crespo‐Facorro
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- HU Virgen del Rocio, IBiS, University of SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293Université de BordeauxTalenceFrance
| | - Eveline A. Crone
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural SciencesErasmus University RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
- Faculteit der Sociale Wetenschappen, Instituut PsychologieUniversiteit LeidenLeidenNetherlands
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of MünsterMunsterGermany
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, Department of Neuroscience and Department of RadiologyUniversity of California‐San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Eco J. C. de Geus
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Academisch Medisch CentrumUniversiteit van AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Greig I. de Zubicaray
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Anouk den Braber
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Erin W. Dickie
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging Genetics LaboratoryCampbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMHTorontoCanada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Annabella Di Giorgio
- Biological Psychiatry Lab, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della SofferenzaSan Giovanni Rotondo (FG)Italy
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Erlend S. Dørum
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HTNesoddenNorway
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental NeurosciencesTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
- Faculty of MedicineUniversitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Susanne Erk
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Bjørknes CollegeOsloNorway
| | - Helena Fatouros‐Bergman
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Stockholm Health Care ServicesStockholm RegionStockholmSweden
| | - Simon E. Fisher
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
- Language and Genetics DepartmentMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Jean‐Paul Fouche
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental HealthUniversity of Cape TownRondeboschSouth Africa
| | - Barbara Franke
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
- Department of Human GeneticsRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
- Department of PsychiatryRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyOtto von Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - Paola Fuentes‐Claramonte
- FIDMAG Germanes HospitalàriesMadridSpain
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ian H. Gotlib
- Department of PsychologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hans‐Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medicine Greifswald, University of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Site Rostock/GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Oliver Grimm
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum FrankfurtGoethe UniversitatFrankfurtGermany
| | - Nynke A. Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental HealthUniversity of Cape TownRondeboschSouth Africa
- Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of Cape TownRondeboschSouth Africa
| | | | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General PsychiatryHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Patricia Gruner
- Department of PsychiatryYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Learning Based Recovery CenterVA Connecticut Health SystemNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Rachel E. Gur
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Tim Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of MünsterMunsterGermany
| | - Ben J. Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry CenterUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Catharine A. Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulationUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - Sean N. Hatton
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Faculty of MedicineUniversitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Dirk J. Heslenfeld
- Departments of Experimental and Clinical PsychologyVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Derrek P. Hibar
- Personalized HealthcareGenentech, IncSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ian B. Hickie
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Beng‐Choon Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of MedicineThe University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Pieter J. Hoekstra
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental HealthHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Avram J. Holmes
- Department of PsychologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental HealthUniversity of Cape TownRondeboschSouth Africa
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Norbert Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and NeuroradiologyUniversity Medicine Greifswald, University of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Fleur M. Howells
- Language and Genetics DepartmentMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenNetherlands
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum FrankfurtGoethe UniversitatFrankfurtGermany
| | | | - Chaim Huyser
- Bascule, Academic Centre for Children and Adolescent PsychiatryDuivendrechtNetherlands
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Terry L. Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, Departments of Cognitive Science, Psychiatry, and RadiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Erik G. Jönsson
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Stockholm Health Care ServicesStockholm RegionStockholmSweden
| | - John A. Joska
- Language and Genetics DepartmentMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Rene Kahn
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Andrew Kalnin
- Department of RadiologyOhio State University College of MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Ryota Kanai
- Department of NeuroinformaticsAraya, IncTokyoJapan
| | - Marieke Klein
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental HealthUniversity of Cape TownRondeboschSouth Africa
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Laura Koenders
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Sanne Koops
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Bernd Krämer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General PsychiatryHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience, Thompson InstituteUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSunshine CoastAustralia
| | - Luisa Lázaro
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychologyHospital Clinic, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Irina Lebedeva
- Mental Health Research CenterRussian Academy of Medical SciencesMoskvaRussia
| | - Won Hee Lee
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Klaus‐Peter Lesch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyJulius‐Maximilians Universität WürzburgWurzburgGermany
| | - Christine Lochner
- SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of PsychiatryStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | | | - Sophie Maingault
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293Université de BordeauxTalenceFrance
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical ResearchBerghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Ignacio Martínez‐Zalacaín
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- Department of PsychiatryBellvitge University Hospital‐IDIBELL, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - David Mataix‐Cols
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Stockholm Health Care ServicesStockholm RegionStockholmSweden
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293Université de BordeauxTalenceFrance
| | - Colm McDonald
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics and NCBES Galway Neuroscience CentreNational University of IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Brenna C. McDonald
- Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | | | - Katie L. McMahon
- School of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Genevieve McPhilemy
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics and NCBES Galway Neuroscience CentreNational University of IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of MünsterMunsterGermany
| | - José M. Menchón
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- Department of PsychiatryBellvitge University Hospital‐IDIBELL, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- Queensland Institute of Medical ResearchBerghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Andreas Meyer‐Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental HealthHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Jilly Naaijen
- Donders Centre for Cognitive NeuroimagingRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Pablo Najt
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics and NCBES Galway Neuroscience CentreNational University of IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Tomohiro Nakao
- Department of Clinical MedicineKyushu UniversityKyushuJapan
| | | | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical BiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå Center for Functional Brain ImagingUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Department of Clinical NeuropsychologyAmsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Víctor Ortiz‐García de la Foz
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital “Marques de Valdecilla”Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Yannis Paloyelis
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and PsychotherapyUniversity of WürzburgWurzburgGermany
- Centre of Mental HealthUniversity of WürzburgWurzburgGermany
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense OrgansUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
| | - Edith Pomarol‐Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes HospitalàriesMadridSpain
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
| | - Maria J. Portella
- FIDMAG Germanes HospitalàriesMadridSpain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant PauUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Steven G. Potkin
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California at IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institut (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of PsychiatryPsychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Andreas Reif
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Site Rostock/GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Daniel A. Rinker
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Joshua L. Roffman
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Pedro G. P. Rosa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Matthew D. Sacchet
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress ResearchMcLean Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | | | - Pascual Sánchez‐Juan
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital “Marques de Valdecilla”Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
| | | | | | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Mauricio H. Serpa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental HealthParkvilleAustralia
- Centre for Youth Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Knut Schnell
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of PsychiatryPsychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Kang Sim
- Institute of Mental HealthSingaporeSingapore
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Iris Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Rijksuniversiteit GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGöttingenNetherlands
| | - Carles Soriano‐Mas
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- Department of PsychiatryBellvitge University Hospital‐IDIBELL, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Dan J. Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of PsychiatryStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | | | | | - Christian K. Tamnes
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Psychiatric ResearchDiakonhjemmet HospitalOsloNorway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Henk S. Temmingh
- Language and Genetics DepartmentMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Sophia I. Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Diana Tordesillas‐Gutiérrez
- FIDMAG Germanes HospitalàriesMadridSpain
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological FacilitiesValdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVALSantanderSpain
| | - Julian N. Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- College of Arts and SciencesGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Language and Genetics DepartmentMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Odile A. van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical CentreLocation VUmcAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Dennis van den Meer
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life SciencesMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtNetherlands
| | - Nic J. A. van der Wee
- Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeidenNetherlands
| | - Neeltje E. M. van Haren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Dennis van't Ent
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Theo G. M. van Erp
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California at IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and MemoryUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Institute of Community MedicineUniversity Medicine, Greifswald, University of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Ilya M. Veer
- Faculty of MedicineUniversitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical CentreLocation VUmcAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Aristotle Voineskos
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging Genetics LaboratoryCampbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMHTorontoCanada
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute of Community MedicineUniversity Medicine, Greifswald, University of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), partner site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Faculty of MedicineUniversitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | | | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of RadiologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Thomas H. Wassink
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of MedicineThe University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Bernd Weber
- Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition ResearchUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - John D. West
- Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- Biological Psychiatry Lab, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della SofferenzaSan Giovanni Rotondo (FG)Italy
| | | | - Lara M. Wierenga
- Developmental and Educational Psychology UnitInstitute of Psychology, Leiden UniversityLeidenNetherlands
| | - Steven C. R. Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of PsychologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medicine Greifswald, University of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Daniel H. Wolf
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Amanda Worker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Kun Yang
- National High Magnetic Field LaboratoryFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Yulyia Yoncheva
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryChild Study Center, NYU Langone HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Marcus V. Zanetti
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio‐LibanêsSão PauloBrazil
| | - Georg C. Ziegler
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental HealthUniversity of WürzburgWurzburgGermany
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
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Deshpande S, Kinnunen TI, Kulathinal S. Birth cohort differences in height, weight and BMI among Indian women aged 15-30 years: analyses based on three cross-sectional surveys. Public Health Nutr 2021; 25:1-10. [PMID: 34955104 PMCID: PMC9991631 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021005012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore long-term trends in height, weight and BMI across birth cohorts among Indian women aged 15-30 years. DESIGN Nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. SETTING Data from three National Family Health Surveys were conducted in 1998-1999, 2005-2006 and 2015-2016. Height and weight were modelled jointly, employing a multivariate regression model with age and birth cohorts as explanatory variables. The largest birth cohort (born 1988-1992) was the reference cohort. Stratified analyses by place of residence and by marital status and dichotomised parity were also performed. PARTICIPANTS 437 753 non-pregnant women aged 15-30 years. RESULTS The rate of increase in height, weight and BMI differed across birth cohorts. The rate of increase was much lower for height than weight, which was reflected in an increasing trend in BMI across all birth cohorts. In the stratified analyses, increase in height was found to be similar across urban and rural areas. Rural women born in the latest birth cohort (1998-2001) were lighter, whereas urban women were heavier compared to the reference cohort. A relatively larger increase in regression coefficients was observed among women born between 1978 and 1982 compared to women born between 1973 and 1977 when considering unmarried and nulliparous ever-married women and, one cohort later (1983-1987 v. 1978-1982), among parous ever-married women. CONCLUSION As the rate of increase was much larger for weight than for height, increasing trends in BMI were observed across the birth cohorts. Thus, cohort effects show an important contributory role in explaining increasing trends in BMI among young Indian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Deshpande
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 100, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tarja I Kinnunen
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 100, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sangita Kulathinal
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Martínez-Alés G, Gimbrone C, Rutherford C, Kandula S, Olfson M, Gould MS, Shaman J, Keyes KM. Role of Firearm Ownership on 2001-2016 Trends in U.S. Firearm Suicide Rates. Am J Prev Med 2021; 61:795-803. [PMID: 34420829 PMCID: PMC8608719 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the U.S., state-level household firearm ownership is strongly associated with firearm suicide mortality rates. Whether the recent increases in firearm suicide are explained by state-level household firearm ownership rates and trends remains unknown. METHODS Mortality data from the U.S. National Vital Statistics System and an estimate of state-level household firearm ownership rate were used to conduct hierarchical age-period-cohort (random-effects) modeling of firearm suicide mortality between 2001 and 2016. Models were adjusted for individual-level race and sex and for state-level poverty rate, unemployment rate, median household income in U.S. dollars, population density, and elevation. RESULTS Between 2001 and 2016, the crude national firearm suicide mortality rate increased from 6.8 to 8.0 per 100,000, and household firearm ownership rate remained relatively stable, at around 40%. Both variables were markedly heterogeneous and correlated at the state level. Age-period-cohort models revealed period effects (affecting people across ages) and cohort effects (affecting specific birth cohorts) underlying the recent increases in firearm suicide. Individuals born after 2000 had higher firearm suicide rates than most cohorts born before. A 2001-2006 decreasing period effect was followed, after 2009, by an increasing period effect that peaked in 2015. State-level household firearm ownership rates and trends did not explain cohort effects and only minimally explained period effects. CONCLUSIONS State-level firearm ownership rates largely explain the state-level differences in firearm suicide but only marginally explain recent increases in firearm suicide. Although firearms in the home increase firearm suicide risk, the recent national rise in firearm suicide might be the result of broader, more distal causes of suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Martínez-Alés
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Catherine Gimbrone
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Caroline Rutherford
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Sasikiran Kandula
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences (EHS), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Mark Olfson
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Madelyn S Gould
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey Shaman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences (EHS), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Ibi D, Rietman ML, Picavet HSJ, van Klinken JB, van Dijk KW, Dollé MET, Verschuren WM. Adverse generational changes in obesity development converge at midlife without increased cardiometabolic risk. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1925-1938. [PMID: 34514749 PMCID: PMC8597017 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is becoming a global public health problem, but it is unclear how it impacts different generations over the life course. Here, a descriptive analysis of the age-related changes in anthropometric measures and related cardiometabolic risk factors across different generations was performed. METHODS The development of anthropometric measures and related cardiometabolic risk factors was studied during 26 years of follow-up in the Doetinchem Cohort Study (N = 6,314 at baseline). All analyses were stratified by sex and generation, i.e., 10-year age groups (20-29, 30-39, 40-49, and 50-59 years) at baseline. Generalized estimating equations were used to test for generational differences. RESULTS Weight, BMI, waist circumference, and prevalence of overweight and obesity were higher, in general, in the younger generations during the first 10 to 15 years of follow-up. From age 50 to 59 years onward, these measures converged in all generations of men and women. Among cardiometabolic risk factors, only type 2 diabetes showed an unfavorable shift between the two oldest generations of men. CONCLUSIONS It was observed that, compared with the older generations, the younger generations had obesity at an earlier age but did not reach higher levels at midlife and beyond. This increased exposure to obesity was not (yet) associated with increased prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Ibi
- Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthoventhe Netherlands
| | - M. Liset Rietman
- National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthoventhe Netherlands
| | - H. S. J. Picavet
- National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthoventhe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Martijn E. T. Dollé
- Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthoventhe Netherlands
| | - W.M. Monique Verschuren
- National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthoventhe Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary CareUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
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Wang L, Tang Y, Roshanmehr F, Bai X, Taghizadeh-Hesary F, Taghizadeh-Hesary F. The Health Status Transition and Medical Expenditure Evaluation of Elderly Population in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136907. [PMID: 34199100 PMCID: PMC8296990 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Because of the rapid expansion of the aging population in China, their health status transition and future medical expenditure have received increasing attention. This paper analyzes the health transition of the elderly and how their health transition impacts medical expenditures. At the same time, feasible policy suggestions are provided to respond to the rising medical expenditure and the demand for social care. (2) Methods: The data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 to 2015 and analyzed using the Markov model and the Two-Part model (TPM) to forecast the size of the elderly population and their medical expenditures for the period 2020-2060. (3) Results: The study indicates that: (1) for the elderly with a mild disability, the probability of their health improvement is high; in contrast, for the elderly with a moderate or severe disability, their health deterioration is almost certain; (2) the frequency of the diagnosis and treatments of the elderly is closely related to their health status and medical expenditure; alternatively, as the health status deteriorates, the intensity of the elderly individuals' acceptance of their diagnosis and treatment increases, and so does the medical expense; (3) the population of the elderly with mild and moderate disability demonstrates an inverted "U"-shape, which reaches a peak around 2048, whereas the elderly with severe disability show linear growth, being the target group for health care; (4) with the population increase of the elderly who have severe disability, the medical expenditure increases significantly and poses a huge threat to medical service supply. Conclusions: It is necessary to provide classified and targeted health care according to the health status of the elderly. In addition, improving the level of medical insurance, establishing a mechanism for sharing medical expenditure, and adjusting the basic demographic structure are all important policy choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjie Wang
- School of Public Administration, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Yao Tang
- School of Public Administration, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (F.T.-H.)
| | - Farnaz Roshanmehr
- Shibata Laboratory, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan;
- Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama 350-0288, Japan
| | - Xiao Bai
- School of Finance, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- Clinical Oncology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran;
| | - Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- Social Science Research Institute, Tokai University, Tokyo 259-1292, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (F.T.-H.)
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Physical Performance in Older Cohorts: A Comparison of 81-Year-Old Swedish Men and Women Born Twelve Years Apart-Results from the Swedish Study "Good Aging in Skåne". J Aging Res 2021; 2021:8813992. [PMID: 34194845 PMCID: PMC8203370 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8813992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials and Methods Birth cohorts of both sexes drawn from the Swedish study “Good Aging in Skåne” for the years 1920–22 and 1932–34 were compared. Walking, the step test, the chair stand test, and the handgrip strength test were used as proxies for the physical performance. The results were adjusted for lifestyle habits and common chronic geriatric diseases. Results Both men and women in the later-born cohort walked more quickly and completed the chair stand test faster, and women were also quicker in the step test. No significant differences were found in the grip test, in either the male or female cohorts. Discussion. Normative reference values for physical tests of subjects of different ages can be misleading unless cohort effects are considered. Furthermore, age-related trajectories can also be misinterpreted if cohort effects are neglected which, in the longer perspective, could affect health care planning. Conclusion Birth cohort effects should be considered when comparing walking speed, number of steps, chair stands, and the step test, in men and women of older age.
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Predictors of glycosylated haemoglobin A1C trend among type 2 diabetes patients in a multi-ethnic country. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6803. [PMID: 33762665 PMCID: PMC7991644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Good control of glycosylated haemoglobin A1C in diabetes patients prevents cardiovascular complications. We aim to describe the A1C trend and determine the predictors of the trend among type 2 diabetes patients in Malaysia. Longitudinal data in the National Diabetes Registry from 2013 to 2017 were analysed using linear mixed-effects modelling. Among 17,592 patients, 56.3% were females, 64.9% Malays, and the baseline mean age was 59.1 years. The U-shaped A1C trend changed marginally from 7.89% in 2013 to 8.07% in 2017. The A1C excess of 1.07% as reported in 2017 represented about 22% higher risk of diabetes-related death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, which are potentially preventable. The predictors for higher baseline A1C were non-Chinese ethnicity, younger age groups, longer diabetes duration, patients on insulin treatment, polypharmacy use, patients without hypertension, and patients who were not on antihypertensive agents. Younger age groups predicted a linear increase in the A1C trend, whereas patients on insulin treatment predicted a linear decrease in the A1C trend. Specifically, the younger adults and patients of Indian and Malay ethnicities had the poorest A1C trends. Targeted interventions should be directed at these high-risk groups to improve their A1C control.
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Jackson DB, Testa A. The Intersection Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Environmental Tobacco Smoke in U.S. Households With Children. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:732-740. [PMID: 33107577 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a potent risk factor for secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. Research reveals, moreover, that children who are exposed to SHS are at an increased risk of disease and premature mortality. Limited research, however, has examined whether households with children experiencing accumulating adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are also more likely to be characterized by ETS-particularly in the form of family members smoking inside the housing unit. AIMS AND METHODS The current study employs a nationally representative sample of 102 341 households with children from the three most recent cohorts of National Survey of Children's Health. Both multinomial logistic regression and a strategic comparison approach are used to examine the association between ACEs and ETS categories. RESULTS A large majority of households characterized by ETS report one or more ACEs, while households without ETS are largely void of ACEs. Findings indicate that this association is not merely a function of general family member smoking, as ACEs are strongly and uniquely associated with family smoking inside the housing unit-above and beyond family members smoking more generally. CONCLUSIONS Households exhibiting an accumulation of ACEs may benefit from interventions providing resources and education supporting smoke-free home environments. Such families may also be screened and referred through existing family and parenting programs administered in the home environment (eg, home visiting). IMPLICATIONS Public health initiatives designed to mitigate child adversities from early life stages may help reduce ETS in housing units-thereby diminishing the risk of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Criminology & Criminal Justice, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
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A century of sexual abuse victimisation: A birth cohort analysis. Soc Sci Med 2021; 270:113574. [PMID: 33445116 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined changes in the reported prevalence of adult and child sexual abuse over the last century and explored how changes in social and political circumstances may have affected rates. Data from two population-based face-to-face surveys conducted in New Zealand (samples of 2855 women in 2003 and 1464 women in 2019) were used to produce birth cohort prevalence estimates of three forms of sexual abuse including by an intimate partner (lifetime and 12-month), by non-partners, and child sexual abuse. A timeline of major population influences that might be associated with violence occurrence was developed. There were no changes in reported lifetime intimate partner sexual abuse prevalence estimates found over the past century. The most recent birth cohort reported the lowest rates of 12-month prevalence estimates for intimate partner sexual abuse, lifetime rates of non-partner sexual abuse, and also suggest lower reported rates of child sexual abuse. Macro-social events including feminist movements, changes in legislation, and an increase in public awareness might have contributed to women's awareness about the non-acceptability of violent behaviour, and their ability to leave relationships after violence has occurred. This may have contributed to the small recent decreases in reported 12-month rate of sexual IPV and CSA, as women's ability to leave relationships may be protective for their children. The recent decrease in reported non-partner sexual violence may also be attributed to women's greater awareness of, and agency to avoid sexual abuse. The lack of change for the lifetime prevalence of sexual IPV over the past century highlights the need for ongoing prevention efforts. While recent reductions in reported rates of child and adult sexual abuse are encouraging, even reduced rates are high and warrant sustained implementation of prevention policies and programs.
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Chen B, Chen C, Zhang Y, Xu J. Recent incidence trend of elderly patients with glioblastoma in the United States, 2000-2017. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:54. [PMID: 33430813 PMCID: PMC7802341 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of glioblastoma increases significantly with age. With the growing and aging population, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of recent glioblastoma incidence trend in the United States. This study aims to provide in-depth description of the patterns of incidence trends and to examine the age-period-cohort effects to the trends of glioblastoma specific to elderly patients. Methods The incidence rates were age-adjusted and reported per 100,000 population. We calculated the annual percent change (APC) in incidence using the Joinpoint Regression Program and conducted an age-period-cohort analysis of elderly glioblastoma reported between 2000 and 2017 to the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) 18 registry database. Results The overall incidence rate of elderly patients with glioblastoma was 13.16 per 100,000 (95% CI, 12.99–13.32) from 2000 to 2017. Non-Hispanic whites (20,406, 83.6%) made up the majority. The incidence rate of male was about 1.62 times that of female. The trend of incidence remained stable and there was a non-significant increasing tendency for all elderly patients (APC 0.3, 95% CI, − 0.1 to 0.7, p = 0.111). There was a significantly increasing incidence trend for non-Hispanic white (APC 0.6, 95% CI, 0.2 to 1.1, p = 0.013), supratentorial location (APC 0.7, 95% CI, 0.2 to 1.3, p = 0.016), tumor size < 4 cm (APC 2.5, 95% CI, 1.4 to 3.6, p < 0.001), and a significantly decreasing trend for overlapping/NOS location (APC -0.9, 95% CI, − 1.6 to − 0.2, p = 0.012), and unknown tumor size (APC -4.9, 95% CI, − 6.6 to − 3.3, p < 0.001). The age-period-cohort analysis showed the effect of age on incidence trends (p< 0.001, Wald test), while did not indicate the period and cohort effects of the incidence trends of glioblastoma (p = 0.063 and p =0.536, respectively, Wald test). Conclusion The overall incidence of glioblastoma in the elderly population remained stable between 2000 and 2017. Period and cohort effects were not evident in the trend of glioblastoma incidence. Future population-based studies exploring the difference in the trend of glioblastoma incidence by specific molecular subgroups are warranted to further our understanding of the etiology of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, West China Hosptial, No. 37, GuoXue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoyue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, West China Hosptial, No. 37, GuoXue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, West China Hosptial, No. 37, GuoXue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, West China Hosptial, No. 37, GuoXue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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