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Lindquist KA, Shein SA, Hovhannisyan AH, Mecklenburg J, Zou Y, Lai Z, Tumanov AV, Akopian AN. Associations of tissue damage induced inflammatory plasticity in masseter muscle with the resolution of chronic myalgia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22057. [PMID: 38086903 PMCID: PMC10716154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene plasticity during myogenous temporomandibular disorder (TMDM) development is largely unknown. TMDM could be modeled by intramuscular inflammation or tissue damage. To model inflammation induced TMDM we injected complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into masseter muscle (MM). To model tissue damage induced TMDM we injected extracellular matrix degrading collagenase type 2 (Col). CFA and Col produced distinct myalgia development trajectories. We performed bulk RNA-seq of MM to generate gene plasticity time course. CFA initiated TMDM (1d post-injection) was mainly linked to chemo-tacticity of monocytes and neutrophils. At CFA-induced hypersensitivity post-resolution (5d post-injection), tissue repair processes were pronounced, while inflammation was absent. Col (0.2U) produced acute hypersensitivity linked to tissue repair without inflammatory processes. Col (10U) generated prolonged hypersensitivity with inflammatory processes dominating initiation phase (1d). Pre-resolution phase (6d) was accompanied with acceleration of expressions for tissue repair and pro-inflammatory genes. Flow cytometry showed that immune processes in MM was associated with accumulations of macrophages, natural killer, dendritic and T-cells, further confirming our RNA-seq findings. Altogether, CFA and Col treatments induced different immune processes in MM. Importantly, TMDM resolution was preceded with muscle cell and extracellular matrix repairs, an elevation in immune system gene expressions and distinct immune cell accumulations in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Lindquist
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences (IBMS) Program, The School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Sergey A Shein
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, The School of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Anahit H Hovhannisyan
- Departments of Endodontics, The School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Jennifer Mecklenburg
- Departments of Endodontics, The School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Yi Zou
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, The School of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, The School of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Alexei V Tumanov
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences (IBMS) Program, The School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, The School of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Armen N Akopian
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences (IBMS) Program, The School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.
- Departments of Endodontics, The School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.
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2
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Hautakangas MR, Widgren P, Korpelainen P, Kangas SM, Komulainen T, Vieira P, Rahikkala E, Pylkäs K, Tuominen H, Kokkonen H, Miinalainen I, Nadaf J, Majewski J, Hinttala R, Uusimaa J. Infantile onset encephalomyopathy, retinopathy, optic atrophy, and mitochondrial DNA depletion associated with a novel pathogenic DHX16 variant. Clin Genet 2023; 104:686-693. [PMID: 37574199 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
We studied a patient with mitochondrial DNA depletion in skeletal muscle and a multiorgan phenotype, including fatal encephalomyopathy, retinopathy, optic atrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss. Instead of pathogenic variants in the mitochondrial maintenance genes, we identified previously unpublished variant in DHX16 gene, a de novo heterozygous c.1360C>T (p. Arg454Trp). Variants in DHX16 encoding for DEAH-box RNA helicase have previously been reported only in five patients with a phenotype called as neuromuscular oculoauditory syndrome including developmental delay, neuromuscular symptoms, and ocular or auditory defects with or without seizures. We performed functional studies on patient-derived fibroblasts and skeletal muscle revealing, that the DHX16 expression was decreased. Clinical features together with functional data suggest, that our patient's disease is associated with a novel pathogenic DHX16 variant, and mtDNA depletion could be a secondary manifestation of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milla-Riikka Hautakangas
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Paula Widgren
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Paavo Korpelainen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Salla M Kangas
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomas Komulainen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Päivi Vieira
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elisa Rahikkala
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Hannaleena Kokkonen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Javad Nadaf
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacek Majewski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Reetta Hinttala
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Uusimaa
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Cao X, Zeng L, Lu Z, Fan J, Tan S, Zhang M, Yin Z. A female case report of LGMD2B with compound heterozygous mutations of the DYSF gene and asymptomatic mutation of the X-linked DMD gene. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1213090. [PMID: 37830096 PMCID: PMC10564995 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1213090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a 31-year-old Chinese woman with a chief complaint of weakness in the lower limbs, which was diagnosed as limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2B (LGMD2B) with compound heterozygous mutations of the DYSF gene. Meanwhile, this woman is an asymptomatic carrier with the mutation of the X-linked DMD gene. The electromyography, muscle MRI, and muscle biopsy indicated a chronic myogenic injury with dysferlin deletion. As a result of genetic testing, compound heterozygous G-to-T base substitution at position 5,497 in exon 49 of the DYSF gene, leading to a codon change from glutamic acid to termination codon at position 1,833, and a heterozygous C-to-G base change at position 4,638 + 8 in intron 42 of the DYSF gene with a consequence of splice, which has never been reported, were identified as candidate causative mutations. Unfortunately, DMD gene mutation c.3921+12A>G of the DMD gene on the X chromosome was also found in this patient. Finally, the patient was diagnosed as LGMD2B clinically and genetically. In the previous 2 years, the patient's lower limb weakness became slightly worse, resulting in even the total distance walked than before. Fortunately, during the follow-up, her son had not shown slowness or limitation of movement. Genetic testing by next-generation sequencing confirmed the final diagnosis of LGMD2B, and we identified the novel compound heterozygous variants in the DYSF gene, which is of great significance to the accurate diagnosis of genetically coded diseases. Much attention needs to be paid in clinics toward hereditary neuromuscular diseases with multiple pathogenic gene mutations. Genetic counseling and clinical follow-up should be the priorities in future, and promising treatments are also worth exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Cao
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhijie Lu
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Song Tan
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zegang Yin
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Lindquist KA, Shein SA, Hovhannisyan AH, Mecklenburg J, Zou Y, Lai Z, Tumanov AV, Akopian AN. Association of inflammation and tissue damage induced biological processes in masseter muscle with the resolution of chronic myalgia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.21.537828. [PMID: 37131723 PMCID: PMC10153356 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.21.537828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological processes linked to intramuscular inflammation during myogenous temporomandibular disorder (TMDM) are largely unknown. We mimicked this inflammation by intra-masseteric muscle (MM) injections of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) or collagenase type 2 (Col), which emulates tissue damage. CFA triggered mechanical hypersensitivity at 1d post-injection was mainly linked to processes controlling chemotactic activity of monocytes and neutrophils. At 5d post-CFA, when hypersensitivity was resolved, there was minimal inflammation whereas tissue repair processes were pronounced. Low dose Col (0.2U) also produced acute orofacial hypersensitivity that was linked to tissue repair, but not inflammatory processes. High dose Col (10U) triggered prolonged orofacial hypersensitivity with inflammatory processes dominating at 1d post-injection. At pre-resolution time point (6d), tissue repair processes were underway and a significant increase in pro-inflammatory gene expressions compared to 1d post-injection were detected. RNA-seq and flow cytometry showed that immune processes in MM were linked to accumulation of macrophages, natural killer and natural killer T cells, dendritic cells and T-cells. Altogether, CFA and Col treatments induced different immune processes in MM. Importantly, orofacial hypersensitivity resolution was preceded with repairs of muscle cell and extracellular matrix, an elevation in immune system gene expression and accumulation of distinct immune cells in MM.
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5
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Cantó-Santos J, Valls-Roca L, Tobías E, García-García FJ, Guitart-Mampel M, Esteve-Codina A, Martín-Mur B, Casado M, Artuch R, Solsona-Vilarrasa E, Fernandez-Checa JC, García-Ruiz C, Rentero C, Enrich C, Moreno-Lozano PJ, Milisenda JC, Cardellach F, Grau-Junyent JM, Garrabou G. Unravelling inclusion body myositis using a patient-derived fibroblast model. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:964-977. [PMID: 36860172 PMCID: PMC10067507 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is an inflammatory myopathy clinically characterized by proximal and distal muscle weakness, with inflammatory infiltrates, rimmed vacuoles and mitochondrial changes in muscle histopathology. There is scarce knowledge on IBM aetiology, and non-established biomarkers or effective treatments are available, partly due to the lack of validated disease models. METHODS We have performed transcriptomics and functional validation of IBM muscle pathological hallmarks in fibroblasts from IBM patients (n = 14) and healthy controls (n = 12), paired by age and sex. The results comprise an mRNA-seq, together with functional inflammatory, autophagy, mitochondrial and metabolic changes between patients and controls. RESULTS Gene expression profile of IBM vs control fibroblasts revealed 778 differentially expressed genes (P-value adj < 0.05) related to inflammation, mitochondria, cell cycle regulation and metabolism. Functionally, an increased inflammatory profile was observed in IBM fibroblasts with higher supernatant cytokine secretion (three-fold increase). Autophagy was reduced considering basal protein mediators (18.4% reduced), time-course autophagosome formation (LC3BII 39% reduced, P-value < 0.05), and autophagosome microscopic evaluation. Mitochondria displayed reduced genetic content (by 33.9%, P-value < 0.05) and function (30.2%-decrease in respiration, 45.6%-decline in enzymatic activity (P-value < 0.001), 14.3%-higher oxidative stress, 135.2%-increased antioxidant defence (P-value < 0.05), 11.6%-reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (P-value < 0.05) and 42.8%-reduced mitochondrial elongation (P-value < 0.05)). In accordance, at the metabolite level, organic acid showed a 1.8-fold change increase, with conserved amino acid profile. Correlating to disease evolution, oxidative stress and inflammation emerge as potential markers of prognosis. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm the presence of molecular disturbances in peripheral tissues from IBM patients and prompt patients' derived fibroblasts as a promising disease model, which may eventually be exported to other neuromuscular disorders. We additionally identify new molecular players in IBM associated with disease progression, setting the path to deepen in disease aetiology, in the identification of novel biomarkers or in the standardization of biomimetic platforms to assay new therapeutic strategies for preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Cantó-Santos
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Lab, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Valls-Roca
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Lab, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Tobías
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Lab, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Josep García-García
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Lab, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariona Guitart-Mampel
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Lab, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martín-Mur
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Casado
- CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu; Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu; Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estel Solsona-Vilarrasa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Liver Unit-HCB-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBEREHD-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Fernandez-Checa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Liver Unit-HCB-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBEREHD-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Liver Unit-HCB-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBEREHD-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Rentero
- Department of Biomedicine, Cell Biology Unit, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Department of Biomedicine, Cell Biology Unit, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro J Moreno-Lozano
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Lab, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - José César Milisenda
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Lab, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Cardellach
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Lab, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep M Grau-Junyent
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Lab, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Glòria Garrabou
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Lab, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoglycemia has been reported in patients with LAMA2-CMD, but the frequency, risk factors, and correlation to genotype/phenotype have not been systematically assessed to date. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed on 48 patients with LAMA2-CMD. Patients were divided into two groups: a hypoglycemic group, with at least one episode of hypoglycemia, and a nonhypoglycemic group. The groups were compared according to gait function, epilepsy, intellectual disability, constipation, gastroesophageal reflux, gastrostomy, weight percentile, scoliosis, the use of a ventilator device, the use of a feeding device, neuromuscular disease swallowing status scale, and type of mutation. RESULTS Fifteen patients (31.2%) presented with at least one episode of symptomatic hypoglycemia and eight (16.6% of the cohort) had two or more episodes. All patients who had hypoglycemia were in the nonambulant group. We observed a correlation between gait, the use of ventilator and feeding devices, and swallow function with hypoglycemia. Patients with extremely low weight were five times more likely to have recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia. The presence of at least one missense variant appears to be associated with a lower risk of hypoglycemia. CONCLUSION Patients with LAMA2-CMD are at risk of hypoglycemia. The risk is more relevant in patients with severe phenotype and patients with loss-of-function variants. For patients with extremely low weight, the risk is higher. Blood glucose should be actively measured in patients who are fasting or have infections, and health care providers should be prepared to identify and treat these patients.
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Berghold VM, Koko M, Berutti R, Plecko B. Case report: Novel SCN4A variant associated with a severe congenital myasthenic syndrome/myopathy phenotype. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:944784. [PMID: 36090556 PMCID: PMC9462513 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.944784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a now 18-year-old female patient with a severe congenital myopathy phenotype, originally diagnosed as mitochondrial myopathy, however later revealed to constitute a SCN4A-related myopathy based on genetic testing. After birth, floppiness, bradycardia and respiratory insufficiency ensued, and moderately reduced mitochondrial complex I activity was found in muscle tissue (tested at 3 weeks and 3 years of age, respectively). She was treated with riboflavin, carnitine, creatine and a ketogenic diet. At the age of 13 years, whole exome sequencing challenged the initial diagnosis by identifying two (compound heterozygous) SCN4A variants affecting the highly conserved voltage sensor and pore regions of the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.4: a known pathogenic loss of function (LOF) variant [c.4360C>T; p.(Arg1454Trp)] and a novel variant of uncertain significance [c.3615C>G; p.(Asn1205Lys)]. For this novel variant, a LOF effect was predicted by in silico, clinical and functional evidence from paralog human sodium channels, and the variant was accordingly classified as likely pathogenic. The patient's phenotype is in line with the few published cases of autosomal recessive SCN4A-related myopathy. There was limited benefit from treatment with salbutamol and acetazolamide, while pyridostigmine caused side effects at a minor dose. This report highlights the importance of genetic testing in severe myopathies particularly in regard to treatment options and the value of paralog information in evaluating ion channel variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika M Berghold
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mahmoud Koko
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Riccardo Berutti
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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8
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Marra F, Lunetti P, Curcio R, Lasorsa FM, Capobianco L, Porcelli V, Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Scarcia P. An Overview of Mitochondrial Protein Defects in Neuromuscular Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1633. [PMID: 34827632 PMCID: PMC8615828 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) are dysfunctions that involve skeletal muscle and cause incorrect communication between the nerves and muscles. The specific causes of NMDs are not well known, but most of them are caused by genetic mutations. NMDs are generally progressive and entail muscle weakness and fatigue. Muscular impairments can differ in onset, severity, prognosis, and phenotype. A multitude of possible injury sites can make diagnosis of NMDs difficult. Mitochondria are crucial for cellular homeostasis and are involved in various metabolic pathways; for this reason, their dysfunction can lead to the development of different pathologies, including NMDs. Most NMDs due to mitochondrial dysfunction have been associated with mutations of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism. This review is focused on some mitochondrial routes such as the TCA cycle, OXPHOS, and β-oxidation, recently found to be altered in NMDs. Particular attention is given to the alterations found in some genes encoding mitochondrial carriers, proteins of the inner mitochondrial membrane able to exchange metabolites between mitochondria and the cytosol. Briefly, we discuss possible strategies used to diagnose NMDs and therapies able to promote patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Marra
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (F.M.); (R.C.); (V.D.)
| | - Paola Lunetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (P.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Rosita Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (F.M.); (R.C.); (V.D.)
| | - Francesco Massimo Lasorsa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.M.L.); (V.P.)
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, 00155 Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Capobianco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (P.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Vito Porcelli
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.M.L.); (V.P.)
| | - Vincenza Dolce
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (F.M.); (R.C.); (V.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Fiermonte
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.M.L.); (V.P.)
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, 00155 Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Scarcia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.M.L.); (V.P.)
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Montes J, Goodwin AM, McDermott MP, Uher D, Hernandez FM, Coutts K, Cocchi J, Hauschildt M, Cornett KM, Rao AK, Monani UR, Ewing Garber C, De Vivo DC. Diminished muscle oxygen uptake and fatigue in spinal muscular atrophy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:1086-1095. [PMID: 33788421 PMCID: PMC8108417 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate muscle oxygen uptake and quantify fatigue during exercise in ambulatory individuals with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and healthy controls. METHODS Peak aerobic capacity (VO2peak ) and workload (Wpeak ) were measured by cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in 19 ambulatory SMA patients and 16 healthy controls. Submaximal exercise (SME) at 40% Wpeak was performed for 10 minutes. Change in vastus lateralis deoxygenated hemoglobin, measured by near-infrared spectroscopy, determined muscle oxygen uptake (ΔHHb) at rest and during CPET and SME. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry assessed fat-free mass (FFM%). Fatigue was determined by percent change in workload or distance in the first compared to the last minute of SME (FatigueSME ) and six-minute walk test (Fatigue6MWT ), respectively. RESULTS ΔHHb-PEAK, ΔHHb-SME, VO2peak , Wpeak , FFM%, and 6MWT distance were lower (P < 0.001), and Fatigue6MWT and FatigueSME were higher (P < 0.001) in SMA compared to controls. ΔHHb-PEAK correlated with FFM% (r = 0.50) and VO2peak (r = 0.41) only in controls. Only in SMA, Fatigue6MWT was inversely correlated with Wpeak (r = -0.69), and FatigueSME was inversely correlated with FFM% (r = -0.55) and VO2peak (r = -0.69). INTERPRETATION This study provides further support for muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in SMA patients. During exercise, we observed diminished muscle oxygen uptake but no correlation with aerobic capacity or body composition. We also observed increased fatigue which correlated with decreased aerobic capacity, workload, and body composition. Understanding the mechanisms underlying diminished muscle oxygen uptake and increased fatigue during exercise in SMA may identify additional therapeutic targets that rescue symptomatic patients and mitigate their residual disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Montes
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashley M Goodwin
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael P McDermott
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - David Uher
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Feliz Marie Hernandez
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kayla Coutts
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julia Cocchi
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Margarethe Hauschildt
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kayla M Cornett
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashwini K Rao
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Umrao R Monani
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Motor Neuron Biology & Disease, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carol Ewing Garber
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Darryl C De Vivo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Motor Neuron Biology & Disease, New York, New York, USA
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10
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Keller N, Paketci C, Altmueller J, Fuhrmann N, Wunderlich G, Schrank B, Unver O, Yilmaz S, Boostani R, Karimiani EG, Motameny S, Thiele H, Nürnberg P, Maroofian R, Yis U, Wirth B, Karakaya M. Genomic variants causing mitochondrial dysfunction are common in hereditary lower motor neuron disease. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:460-472. [PMID: 33600046 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary lower motor neuron diseases (LMND) other than 5q-spinal muscular atrophy (5q-SMA) can be classified according to affected muscle groups. Proximal and distal forms of non-5q-SMA represent a clinically and genetically heterogeneous spectrum characterized by significant overlaps with axonal forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. A consensus for the best approach to molecular diagnosis needs to be reached, especially in light of continuous novel gene discovery and falling costs of next-generation sequencing (NGS). We performed exome sequencing (ES) in 41 families presenting with non-5q-SMA or axonal CMT, 25 of which had undergone a previous negative neuromuscular disease (NMD) gene panel analysis. The total diagnostic yield of ES was 41%. Diagnostic success in the cohort with a previous NMD-panel analysis was significantly extended by ES, primarily due to novel gene associated-phenotypes and uncharacteristic phenotypic presentations. We recommend early ES for individuals with hereditary LMND presenting uncharacteristic or significantly overlapping features. As mitochondrial dysfunction was the underlying pathomechanism in 47% of the solved individuals, we highlight the sensitivity of the anterior horn cell and peripheral nerve to mitochondrial imbalance as well as the necessity to screen for mitochondrial disorders in individuals presenting predominant lower motor neuron symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Keller
- Institute of Human Genetics and Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cem Paketci
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Janine Altmueller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nico Fuhrmann
- Institute of Human Genetics and Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gilbert Wunderlich
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bertold Schrank
- Department of Neurology, DKD HELIOS Kliniken, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Olcay Unver
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sanem Yilmaz
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Reza Boostani
- Department of Neurology, Ghaem Hospital, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
| | - Susanne Motameny
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
| | - Uluc Yis
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Institute of Human Genetics and Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mert Karakaya
- Institute of Human Genetics and Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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11
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Kohlschmidt N, Elbracht M, Czech A, Häusler M, Phan V, Töpf A, Huang KT, Bartok A, Eggermann K, Zippel S, Eggermann T, Freier E, Groß C, Lochmüller H, Horvath R, Hajnóczky G, Weis J, Roos A. Molecular pathophysiology of human MICU1 deficiency. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:840-855. [PMID: 33428302 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS MICU1 encodes the gatekeeper of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, MICU1 and biallelic loss-of-function mutations cause a complex, neuromuscular disorder in children. Although the role of the protein is well understood, the precise molecular pathophysiology leading to this neuropaediatric phenotype has not been fully elucidated. Here we aimed to obtain novel insights into MICU1 pathophysiology. METHODS Molecular genetic studies along with proteomic profiling, electron-, light- and Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy and immuno-based studies of protein abundances and Ca2+ transport studies were employed to examine the pathophysiology of MICU1 deficiency in humans. RESULTS We describe two patients carrying MICU1 mutations, two nonsense (c.52C>T; p.(Arg18*) and c.553C>T; p.(Arg185*)) and an intragenic exon 2-deletion presenting with ataxia, developmental delay and early onset myopathy, clinodactyly, attention deficits, insomnia and impaired cognitive pain perception. Muscle biopsies revealed signs of dystrophy and neurogenic atrophy, severe mitochondrial perturbations, altered Golgi structure, vacuoles and altered lipid homeostasis. Comparative mitochondrial Ca2+ transport and proteomic studies on lymphoblastoid cells revealed that the [Ca2+ ] threshold and the cooperative activation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake were lost in MICU1-deficient cells and that 39 proteins were altered in abundance. Several of those proteins are linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and/or perturbed Ca2+ homeostasis, also impacting on regular cytoskeleton (affecting Spectrin) and Golgi architecture, as well as cellular survival mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings (i) link dysregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake with muscle pathology (including perturbed lipid homeostasis and ER-Golgi morphology), (ii) support the concept of a functional interplay of ER-Golgi and mitochondria in lipid homeostasis and (iii) reveal the vulnerability of the cellular proteome as part of the MICU1-related pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Artur Czech
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Martin Häusler
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vietxuan Phan
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ana Töpf
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kai-Ting Huang
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Bartok
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katja Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Erik Freier
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Claudia Groß
- Institute of Clinical Genetics and Tumour Genetics, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.,Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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12
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Rodriguez-Gonzalez M, Lubian-Gutierrez M, Cascales-Poyatos HM, Perez-Reviriego AA, Castellano-Martinez A. Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Dystrophin-Deficient Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010356. [PMID: 33396334 PMCID: PMC7796305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophin-deficient cardiomyopathy (DDC) is currently the leading cause of death in patients with dystrophinopathies. Targeting myocardial fibrosis (MF) has become a major therapeutic goal in order to prevent the occurrence of DDC. We aimed to review and summarize the current evidence about the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the development and perpetuation of MF in DCC. We conducted a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed English literature on PubMed about this subject. We found increasing preclinical evidence from studies in animal models during the last 20 years pointing out a central role of RAAS in the development of MF in DDC. Local tissue RAAS acts directly mainly through its main fibrotic component angiotensin II (ANG2) and its transducer receptor (AT1R) and downstream TGF-b pathway. Additionally, it modulates the actions of most of the remaining pro-fibrotic factors involved in DDC. Despite limited clinical evidence, RAAS blockade constitutes the most studied, available and promising therapeutic strategy against MF and DDC. Conclusion: Based on the evidence reviewed, it would be recommendable to start RAAS blockade therapy through angiotensin converter enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or AT1R blockers (ARBs) alone or in combination with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRa) at the youngest age after the diagnosis of dystrophinopathies, in order to delay the occurrence or slow the progression of MF, even before the detection of any cardiovascular alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises Rodriguez-Gonzalez
- Pediatric Cardiology Division of Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-956002700
| | - Manuel Lubian-Gutierrez
- Pediatric Neurology Division of Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
- Pediatric Division of Doctor Cayetano Roldan Primary Care Center, 11100 San Fernando, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana Castellano-Martinez
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
- Pediatric Nephrology Division of Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
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13
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Mitochondrial dysfunction underlying sporadic inclusion body myositis is ameliorated by the mitochondrial homing drug MA-5. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231064. [PMID: 33264289 PMCID: PMC7710105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is the most common idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, and several reports have suggested that mitochondrial abnormalities are involved in its etiology. We recruited 9 sIBM patients and found significant histological changes and an elevation of growth differential factor 15 (GDF15), a marker of mitochondrial disease, strongly suggesting the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction. Bioenergetic analysis of sIBM patient myoblasts revealed impaired mitochondrial function. Decreased ATP production, reduced mitochondrial size and reduced mitochondrial dynamics were also observed in sIBM myoblasts. Cell vulnerability to oxidative stress also suggested the existence of mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochonic acid-5 (MA-5) increased the cellular ATP level, reduced mitochondrial ROS, and provided protection against sIBM myoblast death. MA-5 also improved the survival of sIBM skin fibroblasts as well as mitochondrial morphology and dynamics in these cells. The reduction in the gene expression levels of Opa1 and Drp1 was also reversed by MA-5, suggesting the modification of the fusion/fission process. These data suggest that MA-5 may provide an alternative therapeutic strategy for treating not only mitochondrial diseases but also sIBM.
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14
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The Impact of Mitochondrial Deficiencies in Neuromuscular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100964. [PMID: 33050147 PMCID: PMC7600520 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) are a heterogeneous group of acquired or inherited rare disorders caused by injury or dysfunction of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord (lower motor neurons), peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junctions, or skeletal muscles leading to muscle weakness and waste. Unfortunately, most of them entail serious or even fatal consequences. The prevalence rates among NMDs range between 1 and 10 per 100,000 population, but their rarity and diversity pose difficulties for healthcare and research. Some molecular hallmarks are being explored to elucidate the mechanisms triggering disease, to set the path for further advances. In fact, in the present review we outline the metabolic alterations of NMDs, mainly focusing on the role of mitochondria. The aim of the review is to discuss the mechanisms underlying energy production, oxidative stress generation, cell signaling, autophagy, and inflammation triggered or conditioned by the mitochondria. Briefly, increased levels of inflammation have been linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, which is key in mitochondrial genomic instability and mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) dysfunction. ROS burst, impaired autophagy, and increased inflammation are observed in many NMDs. Increasing knowledge of the etiology of NMDs will help to develop better diagnosis and treatments, eventually reducing the health and economic burden of NMDs for patients and healthcare systems.
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15
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Aksu-Menges E, Akkaya-Ulum YZ, Dayangac-Erden D, Balci-Peynircioglu B, Yuzbasioglu A, Topaloglu H, Talim B, Balci-Hayta B. The Common miRNA Signatures Associated with Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Different Muscular Dystrophies. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:2136-2145. [PMID: 32650001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Secondary mitochondrial damage in skeletal muscles is a common feature of different neuromuscular disorders, which fall outside the mitochondrial cytopathies. The common cause of mitochondrial dysfunction and structural changes in skeletal muscle tissue remains to be discovered. Although they are associated with different clinical, genetic, and pathologic backgrounds, the pathomechanisms underlying neuromuscular disorders might be attributed to the complex interaction and cross talk between mitochondria and the associated miRNAs. This study aimed to identify the common miRNA signatures that are associated with mitochondrial damage in different muscular dystrophies (MDs; Duchenne muscular dystrophy, megaconial congenital muscular dystrophy, Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy, and α-dystroglycanopathy). The miRNome profiles of skeletal muscle biopsies acquired from four different MD groups and control individuals were analyzed by miRNA microarray. We identified 17 common up-regulated miRNAs in all of the tested MD groups. A specific bioinformatics approach identified 10 of these miRNAs to be specifically related to the mitochondrial pathways. Six miRNAs, miR-134-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-382-5p, miR-409-3p, miR-497-5p, and miR-708-5p, were associated with the top four mitochondrial pathways and were thus selected as priority candidates for further validation by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. We demonstrate, for the first time, common up-regulated miRNAs that are associated with mitochondrial damage in different MD groups, therefore contributing to the pathophysiology. Our findings may open a new gate toward therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrim Aksu-Menges
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Z Akkaya-Ulum
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didem Dayangac-Erden
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ayse Yuzbasioglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haluk Topaloglu
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Beril Talim
- Pathology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Balci-Hayta
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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16
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Liu D, Zuo X, Luo H, Zhu H. The altered metabolism profile in pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2020; 50:627-635. [PMID: 32502727 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a group of heterogeneous autoimmune diseases characterized by muscle weakness, muscle inflammation and extramuscular manifestations. Despite extensive efforts, the mechanisms of IIMs remain largely unknown, and treatment is still a challenge for physicians. Metabolism changes have emerged as a crucial player in autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, little is known about metabolism changes in IIMs. In this review, we focus on the alteration of metabolism profile in IIMs, and the relationships with clinical information. We highlight the potential roles of metabolism in the pathogenesis of IIMs and discuss future perspectives for metabolic checkpoint-based therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Gonzalez-Quereda L, Rodriguez MJ, Diaz-Manera J, Alonso-Perez J, Gallardo E, Nascimento A, Ortez C, Natera-de Benito D, Olive M, Gonzalez-Mera L, Lopez de Munain A, Zulaica M, Poza JJ, Jerico I, Torne L, Riera P, Milisenda J, Sanchez A, Garrabou G, Llano I, Madruga-Garrido M, Gallano P. Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing in a Large Cohort of Genetically Undiagnosed Patients with Neuromuscular Disorders in Spain. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E539. [PMID: 32403337 PMCID: PMC7288461 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The term neuromuscular disorder (NMD) includes many genetic and acquired diseases and differential diagnosis can be challenging. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is especially useful in this setting given the large number of possible candidate genes, the clinical, pathological, and genetic heterogeneity, the absence of an established genotype-phenotype correlation, and the exceptionally large size of some causative genes such as TTN, NEB and RYR1. We evaluated the diagnostic value of a custom targeted next-generation sequencing gene panel to study the mutational spectrum of a subset of NMD patients in Spain. In an NMD cohort of 207 patients with congenital myopathies, distal myopathies, congenital and adult-onset muscular dystrophies, and congenital myasthenic syndromes, we detected causative mutations in 102 patients (49.3%), involving 42 NMD-related genes. The most common causative genes, TTN and RYR1, accounted for almost 30% of cases. Thirty-two of the 207 patients (15.4%) carried variants of uncertain significance or had an unidentified second mutation to explain the genetic cause of the disease. In the remaining 73 patients (35.3%), no candidate variant was identified. In combination with patients' clinical and myopathological data, the custom gene panel designed in our lab proved to be a powerful tool to diagnose patients with myopathies, muscular dystrophies and congenital myasthenic syndromes. Targeted NGS approaches enable a rapid and cost-effective analysis of NMD- related genes, offering reliable results in a short time and relegating invasive techniques to a second tier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Gonzalez-Quereda
- Genetics Dept. Hospital de Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.J.R.); (P.R.); (P.G.)
- U705, U762, U703, 722 and GCV4 for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.D.-M.); (E.G.); (A.N.); (D.N.-d.B.); (G.G.); (I.L.)
| | - Maria Jose Rodriguez
- Genetics Dept. Hospital de Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.J.R.); (P.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Jordi Diaz-Manera
- U705, U762, U703, 722 and GCV4 for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.D.-M.); (E.G.); (A.N.); (D.N.-d.B.); (G.G.); (I.L.)
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Dept., Hospital de Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jorge Alonso-Perez
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Dept., Hospital de Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Eduard Gallardo
- U705, U762, U703, 722 and GCV4 for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.D.-M.); (E.G.); (A.N.); (D.N.-d.B.); (G.G.); (I.L.)
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Dept., Hospital de Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Andres Nascimento
- U705, U762, U703, 722 and GCV4 for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.D.-M.); (E.G.); (A.N.); (D.N.-d.B.); (G.G.); (I.L.)
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Carlos Ortez
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Daniel Natera-de Benito
- U705, U762, U703, 722 and GCV4 for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.D.-M.); (E.G.); (A.N.); (D.N.-d.B.); (G.G.); (I.L.)
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Montse Olive
- Neuropathology Unit, Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (M.O.); (L.G.-M.)
| | - Laura Gonzalez-Mera
- Neuropathology Unit, Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (M.O.); (L.G.-M.)
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de Viladecans, 08840 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolfo Lopez de Munain
- Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Neuromuscular diseases Laboratory, San Sebastian, 20014 Basque Country, Spain; (A.L.d.M.); (M.Z.)
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, 20014 Basque Country, Spain;
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, UPV-EHU, San Sebastian, 48940 Basque Country, Spain
| | - Miren Zulaica
- Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Neuromuscular diseases Laboratory, San Sebastian, 20014 Basque Country, Spain; (A.L.d.M.); (M.Z.)
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Poza
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, 20014 Basque Country, Spain;
| | - Ivonne Jerico
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.J.); (L.T.)
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Torne
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.J.); (L.T.)
| | - Pau Riera
- Genetics Dept. Hospital de Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.J.R.); (P.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Jose Milisenda
- Hospital Clinic de Barcelona and Universidad de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Aurora Sanchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Gloria Garrabou
- U705, U762, U703, 722 and GCV4 for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.D.-M.); (E.G.); (A.N.); (D.N.-d.B.); (G.G.); (I.L.)
- Cellex, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Llano
- U705, U762, U703, 722 and GCV4 for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.D.-M.); (E.G.); (A.N.); (D.N.-d.B.); (G.G.); (I.L.)
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, 48903 Bizkaia, Spain
- Genetics Service, Cruces University Hospital, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Barakaldo, 48903 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Marcos Madruga-Garrido
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
- Neuromuscular Disorder Unit, Pediatric Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pia Gallano
- Genetics Dept. Hospital de Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.J.R.); (P.R.); (P.G.)
- U705, U762, U703, 722 and GCV4 for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.D.-M.); (E.G.); (A.N.); (D.N.-d.B.); (G.G.); (I.L.)
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18
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Gururaja Rao S, Patel NJ, Singh H. Intracellular Chloride Channels: Novel Biomarkers in Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:96. [PMID: 32116799 PMCID: PMC7034325 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are integral membrane proteins present on the plasma membrane as well as intracellular membranes. In the human genome, there are more than 400 known genes encoding ion channel proteins. Ion channels are known to regulate several cellular, organellar, and physiological processes. Any mutation or disruption in their function can result in pathological disorders, both common or rare. Ion channels present on the plasma membrane are widely acknowledged for their role in various biological processes, but in recent years, several studies have pointed out the importance of ion channels located in intracellular organelles. However, ion channels located in intracellular organelles are not well-understood in the context of physiological conditions, such as the generation of cellular excitability and ionic homeostasis. Due to the lack of information regarding their molecular identity and technical limitations of studying them, intracellular organelle ion channels have thus far been overlooked as potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we focus on a novel class of intracellular organelle ion channels, Chloride Intracellular Ion Channels (CLICs), mainly documented for their role in cardiovascular, neurophysiology, and tumor biology. CLICs have a single transmembrane domain, and in cells, they exist in cytosolic as well as membranous forms. They are predominantly present in intracellular organelles and have recently been shown to be localized to cardiomyocyte mitochondria as well as exosomes. In fact, a member of this family, CLIC5, is the first mitochondrial chloride channel to be identified on the molecular level in the inner mitochondrial membrane, while another member, CLIC4, is located predominantly in the outer mitochondrial membrane. In this review, we discuss this unique class of intracellular chloride channels, their role in pathologies, such as cardiovascular, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, and the recent developments concerning their usage as theraputic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubha Gururaja Rao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Neel J Patel
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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19
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Human muscle pathology is associated with altered phosphoprotein profile of mitochondrial proteins in the skeletal muscle. J Proteomics 2020; 211:103556. [PMID: 31655151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of human muscle diseases highlights the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the skeletal muscle. Our previous work revealed that diverse upstream events correlated with altered mitochondrial proteome in human muscle biopsies. However, several proteins showed relatively unchanged expression suggesting that post-translational modifications, mainly protein phosphorylation could influence their activity and regulate mitochondrial processes. We conducted mitochondrial phosphoprotein profiling, by proteomics approach, of healthy human skeletal muscle (n = 10) and three muscle diseases (n = 10 each): Dysferlinopathy, Polymyositis and Distal Myopathy with Rimmed Vacuoles. Healthy human muscle mitochondrial proteins displayed 253 phosphorylation sites (phosphosites), which contributed to metabolic and redox processes and mitochondrial organization etc. Electron transport chain complexes accounted for 84 phosphosites. Muscle pathologies displayed 33 hyperphosphorylated and 14 hypophorphorylated sites with only 5 common proteins, indicating varied phosphorylation profile across muscle pathologies. Molecular modelling revealed altered local structure in the phosphorylated sites of Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1 and complex V subunit ATP5B1. Molecular dynamics simulations in complex I subunits NDUFV1, NDUFS1 and NDUFV2 revealed that phosphorylation induced structural alterations thereby influencing electron transfer and potentially altering enzyme activity. We propose that altered phosphorylation at specific sites could regulate mitochondrial protein function in the skeletal muscle during physiological and pathological processes.
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20
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Lasa-Elgarresta J, Mosqueira-Martín L, Naldaiz-Gastesi N, Sáenz A, López de Munain A, Vallejo-Illarramendi A. Calcium Mechanisms in Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy with CAPN3 Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4548. [PMID: 31540302 PMCID: PMC6770289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy recessive 1 (LGMDR1), previously known as LGMD2A, is a rare disease caused by mutations in the CAPN3 gene. It is characterized by progressive weakness of shoulder, pelvic, and proximal limb muscles that usually appears in children and young adults and results in loss of ambulation within 20 years after disease onset in most patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in LGMDR1 remain mostly unknown, and to date, there is no effective treatment for this disease. Here, we review clinical and experimental evidence suggesting that dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in the skeletal muscle is a significant underlying event in this muscular dystrophy. We also review and discuss specific clinical features of LGMDR1, CAPN3 functions, novel putative targets for therapeutic strategies, and current approaches aiming to treat LGMDR1. These novel approaches may be clinically relevant not only for LGMDR1 but also for other muscular dystrophies with secondary calpainopathy or with abnormal Ca2+ homeostasis, such as LGMD2B/LGMDR2 or sporadic inclusion body myositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaione Lasa-Elgarresta
- Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Mosqueira-Martín
- Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Neia Naldaiz-Gastesi
- Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Amets Sáenz
- Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
- Departmento de Neurosciencias, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, Neurology Department, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Ainara Vallejo-Illarramendi
- Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
- Grupo Neurociencias, Departmento de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Donostia, UPV/EHU, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
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21
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Eshraghi M, Gombar R, De Repentigny Y, Vacratsis PO, Kothary R. Pathologic Alterations in the Proteome of Synaptosomes from a Mouse Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3042-3051. [PMID: 31262178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a human genetic disorder characterized by muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, and death of motor neurons. SMA is caused by mutations or deletions in a gene called survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1). SMN1 is a housekeeping gene, but the most prominent pathologies in SMA are atrophy of myofibers and death of motor neurons. Further, degeneration of neuromuscular junctions, of synapses, and of axonal regions are features of SMA disease. Here, we have investigated the proteome dynamics of central synapses in P14 Smn2B/- mice, a model of SMA. Label-free quantitative proteomics on isolated synaptosomes from spinal cords of these animals identified 2030 protein groups. Statistical data analysis revealed 65 specific alterations in the proteome of the central synapses at the early onset stage of disease. Functional analysis of the dysregulated proteins indicated a significant enrichment of proteins associated with mitochondrial dynamics, cholesterol biogenesis, and protein clearance. These pathways represent potential targets for therapy development with the goal of providing stability to the central synapses, thereby preserving neuronal integrity in the context of SMA disease. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD012850.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Eshraghi
- Regenerative Medicine Program , Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa , Ontario K1H 8L6 , Canada.,University of Ottawa Centre for Neuromuscular Disease , Ottawa , Ontario K1H 8M5 , Canada
| | - Robert Gombar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Yves De Repentigny
- Regenerative Medicine Program , Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa , Ontario K1H 8L6 , Canada
| | - Panayiotis O Vacratsis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Rashmi Kothary
- Regenerative Medicine Program , Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa , Ontario K1H 8L6 , Canada.,University of Ottawa Centre for Neuromuscular Disease , Ottawa , Ontario K1H 8M5 , Canada
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22
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Guo Y, Zhang Y, Li F, Liu P, Liu Y, Yang C, Song J, Zhang N, Chen Z. The biochemical characterization of a missense mutation m.8914C>T in ATP6 gene associated with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 71:172-174. [PMID: 30273650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in ATP6 gene are frequent causes of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. ATP6 gene encodes one subunit of complexⅤ. The present study described a missense mutation in ATP6 gene in a 8-year-old Chinese boy with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. We identified one missense mutation in ATP6 gene (m.8914C>T) by mitochondrial DNA sequencing. This mutation altered the amino acid proline in serine, and alterative protein is predicted to be harmful. The mutation load in blood sample of patient is 59.49%. Activity of all mitochondrial complexes in blood are normal, however, the total function of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation were declined (including pathwayⅠ, pathwayⅡ and pathwayⅣ). The missense mutation (m.8914C>T) in ATP6 gene could result in abnormal function of complexV and is related with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Guo
- Pediatric Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shandong, 266000, PR China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Ophthalmology Department of Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No. 1 Jiaozhou Road, Shandong, 266000, PR China.
| | - Fei Li
- Pediatric Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shandong, 266000, PR China.
| | - Peipei Liu
- Pediatric Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shandong, 266000, PR China.
| | - Yedan Liu
- Pediatric Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shandong, 266000, PR China.
| | - Chengqing Yang
- Pediatric Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shandong, 266000, PR China.
| | - Jie Song
- Pediatric Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shandong, 266000, PR China.
| | - Na Zhang
- Pediatric Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shandong, 266000, PR China.
| | - Zongbo Chen
- Pediatric Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shandong, 266000, PR China.
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23
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Valladares D, Utreras-Mendoza Y, Campos C, Morales C, Diaz-Vegas A, Contreras-Ferrat A, Westermeier F, Jaimovich E, Marchi S, Pinton P, Lavandero S. IP 3 receptor blockade restores autophagy and mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle fibers of dystrophic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3685-3695. [PMID: 30251688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by a severe and progressive destruction of muscle fibers associated with altered Ca2+ homeostasis. We have previously shown that the IP3 receptor (IP3R) plays a role in elevating basal cytoplasmic Ca2+ and that pharmacological blockade of IP3R restores muscle function. Moreover, we have shown that the IP3R pathway negatively regulates autophagy by controlling mitochondrial Ca2+ levels. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether IP3R is involved in abnormal mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, mitochondrial dynamics, or autophagy and mitophagy observed in adult DMD skeletal muscle. Here, we show that the elevated basal autophagy and autophagic flux levels were normalized when IP3R was downregulated in mdx fibers. Pharmacological blockade of IP3R in mdx fibers restored both increased mitochondrial Ca2+ levels and mitochondrial membrane potential under resting conditions. Interestingly, mdx mitochondria changed from a fission to an elongated state after IP3R knockdown, and the elevated mitophagy levels in mdx fibers were normalized. To our knowledge, this is the first study associating IP3R1 activity with changes in autophagy, mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitophagy in adult mouse skeletal muscle. Moreover, these results suggest that increased IP3R activity in mdx fibers plays an important role in the pathophysiology of DMD. Overall, these results lead us to propose the use of specific IP3R blockers as a new pharmacological treatment for DMD, given their ability to restore both autophagy/mitophagy and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisse Valladares
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; Escuela de Kinesiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Yildy Utreras-Mendoza
- Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Cristian Campos
- Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Camilo Morales
- Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Ariel Contreras-Ferrat
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Francisco Westermeier
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Enrique Jaimovich
- Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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24
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Puusepp S, Reinson K, Pajusalu S, Murumets Ü, Õiglane-Shlik E, Rein R, Talvik I, Rodenburg RJ, Õunap K. Effectiveness of whole exome sequencing in unsolved patients with a clinical suspicion of a mitochondrial disorder in Estonia. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2018; 15:80-89. [PMID: 30009132 PMCID: PMC6043467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reaching a genetic diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders (MDs) is challenging due to their broad phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity. However, there is growing evidence that the use of whole exome sequencing (WES) for diagnosing patients with a clinical suspicion of an MD is effective (39-60%). We aimed to study the effectiveness of WES in clinical practice in Estonia, in patients with an unsolved, but suspected MD. We also show our first results of mtDNA analysis obtained from standard WES reads. METHODS Retrospective cases were selected from a database of 181 patients whose fibroblast cell cultures had been stored from 2003 to 2013. Prospective cases were selected during the period of 2014-2016 from patients referred to a clinical geneticist in whom an MD was suspected. We scored each patient according to the mitochondrial disease criteria (MDC) (Morava et al., 2006) after re-evaluation of their clinical data, and then performed WES analysis. RESULTS A total of 28 patients were selected to the study group. A disease-causing variant was found in 16 patients (57%) using WES. An MD was diagnosed in four patients (14%), with variants in the SLC25A4, POLG, SPATA5, and NDUFB11 genes. Other variants found were associated with a neuromuscular disease (SMN1, MYH2, and LMNA genes), neurodegenerative disorder (TSPOAP1, CACNA1A, ALS2, and SCN2A genes), multisystemic disease (EPG5, NKX1-2, ATRX, and ABCC6 genes), and one in an isolated cardiomyopathy causing gene (MYBPC3). The mtDNA point mutation was found in the MT-ATP6 gene of one patient upon mtDNA analysis. CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic yield of WES in our cohort was 57%, proving to be a very good effectiveness. However, MDs were found in only 14% of the patients. We suggest WES analysis as a first-tier method in clinical genetic practice for children with any multisystem, neurological, and/or neuromuscular problem, as nuclear DNA variants are more common in children with MDs; a large number of patients harbor disease-causing variants in genes other than the mitochondria-related ones, and the clinical presentation might not always point towards an MD. We have also successfully conducted analysis of mtDNA from standard WES reads, providing further evidence that this method could be routinely used in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Puusepp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 2 L. Puusepa Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, 2 L. Puusepa Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Karit Reinson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 2 L. Puusepa Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, 2 L. Puusepa Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Sander Pajusalu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 2 L. Puusepa Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, 2 L. Puusepa Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Ülle Murumets
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, 2 L. Puusepa Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Eve Õiglane-Shlik
- Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 6 Lunini Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 6 Lunini Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Reet Rein
- Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 6 Lunini Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Inga Talvik
- Tallinn Children's Hospital, 28 Tervise Street, Tallinn 13419, Estonia
| | - Richard J. Rodenburg
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, 830 Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 2 L. Puusepa Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, 2 L. Puusepa Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
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25
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Castets P, Frank S, Sinnreich M, Rüegg MA. "Get the Balance Right": Pathological Significance of Autophagy Perturbation in Neuromuscular Disorders. J Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 3:127-155. [PMID: 27854220 PMCID: PMC5271579 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-160153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has revealed that autophagy, a major catabolic process in cells, is dysregulated in several neuromuscular diseases and contributes to the muscle wasting caused by non-muscle disorders (e.g. cancer cachexia) or during aging (i.e. sarcopenia). From there, the idea arose to interfere with autophagy or manipulate its regulatory signalling to help restore muscle homeostasis and attenuate disease progression. The major difficulty for the development of therapeutic strategies is to restore a balanced autophagic flux, due to the dynamic nature of autophagy. Thus, it is essential to better understand the mechanisms and identify the signalling pathways at play in the control of autophagy in skeletal muscle. A comprehensive analysis of the autophagic flux and of the causes of its dysregulation is required to assess the pathogenic role of autophagy in diseased muscle. Furthermore, it is essential that experiments distinguish between primary dysregulation of autophagy (prior to disease onset) and impairments as a consequence of the pathology. Of note, in most muscle disorders, autophagy perturbation is not caused by genetic modification of an autophagy-related protein, but rather through indirect alteration of regulatory signalling or lysosomal function. In this review, we will present the mechanisms involved in autophagy, and those ensuring its tight regulation in skeletal muscle. We will then discuss as to how autophagy dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of neuromuscular disorders and possible ways to interfere with this process to limit disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Frank
- Institute of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sinnreich
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, Pharmazentrum, Basel, Switzerland
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Pingel J, Suhr F. Are mechanically sensitive regulators involved in the function and (patho)physiology of cerebral palsy-related contractures? J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2017; 38:317-330. [PMID: 29190010 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-017-9489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue is mechanosensitive, as it is able to sense mechanical impacts and to translate these into biochemical signals making the tissue adapt. Among its mechanosensitive nature, skeletal muscle tissue is the largest metabolic organ of the human body. Disturbances in skeletal muscle mechanosensing and metabolism cause and contribute to many diseases, i.e. muscular dystrophies/myopathies, cardiovascular diseases, COPD or diabetes mellitus type 2. A less commonly focused muscle-related disorder is clinically known as muscle contractures that derive from cerebral palsy (CP) conditions in young and adults. Muscle contractures are characterized by gradually increasing passive muscle stiffness resulting in complete fixation of joints. Different mechanisms have been identified in CP-related contractures, i.e. altered calcium handling, altered metabolism or altered titin regulation. The muscle-related extracellular matrix (ECM), specifically collagens, plays a role in CP-related contractures. Herein, we focus on mechanically sensitive complexes, known as costameres (Cstms), and discuss their potential role in CP-related contractures. We extend our discussion to the ECM due to the limited knowledge of its role in CP-related contractures. The aims of this review are (1) to summarize CP-related contracture mechanisms, (2) to raise novel hypotheses on the genesis of contractures with a focus on Cstms, and (3) to stimulate novel approaches to study CP-related contractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pingel
- Motor Control Lab, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Frank Suhr
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, box 1500, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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EPG5-Related Vici Syndrome: A Primary Defect of Autophagic Regulation with an Emerging Phenotype Overlapping with Mitochondrial Disorders. JIMD Rep 2017; 42:19-29. [PMID: 29159459 PMCID: PMC6226401 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2017_71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vici syndrome is a rare, under-recognised, relentlessly progressive congenital multisystem disorder characterised by five principal features of callosal agenesis, cataracts, cardiomyopathy, combined immunodeficiency and oculocutaneous hypopigmentation. In addition, three equally consistent features (profound developmental delay, progressive failure to thrive and acquired microcephaly) are highly supportive of the diagnosis. Since its recognition as a distinct entity in 1988, an extended phenotype with sensorineural hearing loss, skeletal myopathy and variable involvement of virtually any organ system, including the lungs, thyroid, liver and kidneys, have been described.Autosomal recessive mutations in EPG5 encoding ectopic P-granules autophagy protein 5 (EPG5), a key autophagy regulator implicated in the formation of autolysosomes, were identified as the genetic cause of Vici syndrome. The eight key features outlined above are highly predictive of EPG5 involvement, with pathogenic EPG5 mutations identified in >90% of cases where six or more of these features are present. The manifestation of all eight features has a specificity of 97% and sensitivity of 89% for EPG5-related Vici syndrome. Nevertheless, substantial clinical overlap exists with other multisystem disorders, in particular congenital disorders of glycosylation and mitochondrial disorders. Clinical and pathological findings suggest Vici syndrome as a paradigm of congenital disorders of autophagy, a novel group of inherited neurometabolic conditions linking neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration due to primary autophagy defects.Here we describe the diagnostic odyssey in a 4-year-old boy whose clinical presentation with multisystem manifestations including skeletal myopathy mimicked a mitochondrial disorder. A genetic diagnosis of Vici syndrome was made through whole genome sequencing which identified compound heterozygous variants in EPG5. We also review the myopathic presentation and morphological characterisation of previously reported cases.
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Hamann PD, Roux BT, Heward JA, Love S, McHugh NJ, Jones SW, Lindsay MA. Transcriptional profiling identifies differential expression of long non-coding RNAs in Jo-1 associated and inclusion body myositis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8024. [PMID: 28808260 PMCID: PMC5556005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08603-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myositis is characterised by muscle inflammation and weakness. Although generally thought to be driven by a systemic autoimmune response, increasing evidence suggests that intrinsic changes in the muscle might also contribute to the pathogenesis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a family of novel genes that regulate gene transcription and translation. To determine the potential role of lncRNAs, we employed next generation sequencing to examine the transcriptome in muscle biopsies obtained from two histologically distinct patient populations, inclusion body myositis (IBM) and anti-Jo-1-associated myositis (Jo-1). 1287 mRNAs and 1068 mRNAs were differentially expressed in the muscle from Jo-1 and IBM patients, respectively. Pathway analysis showed the top canonical pathway in both Jo-1 and IBM was oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial dysfunction. We identified 731 known and 325 novel lncRNAs in the muscles biopsies. Comparison with controls showed 55 and 46 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in IBM and Jo-1 myositis, respectively. Of these, 16 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in both IBM and Jo-1 myositis and included upregulated H19, lncMyoD and MALAT1. Given that these are known to regulate muscle proliferation and differentiation, we speculate that changes in lncRNAs might contribute to the phenotypic changes in Jo-1 and IBM myositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Hamann
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.,Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Upper Borough Walls, Bath, BA1 1RL, UK
| | - Benoit T Roux
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - James A Heward
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Seth Love
- Dementia Research Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS16 1LE, UK
| | - Neil J McHugh
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.,Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Upper Borough Walls, Bath, BA1 1RL, UK
| | - Simon W Jones
- MRC ARK Centre for Musculoskeletal Aging Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Mark A Lindsay
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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29
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Hayashi G, Jasoliya M, Sahdeo S, Saccà F, Pane C, Filla A, Marsili A, Puorro G, Lanzillo R, Brescia Morra V, Cortopassi G. Dimethyl fumarate mediates Nrf2-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis in mice and humans. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2864-2873. [PMID: 28460056 PMCID: PMC6251607 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of mitochondrial biogenesis could potentially alleviate mitochondrial and muscle disease. We show here that dimethyl fumarate (DMF) dose-dependently induces mitochondrial biogenesis and function dosed to cells in vitro, and also dosed in vivo to mice and humans. The induction of mitochondrial gene expression is more dependent on DMF's target Nrf2 than hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCAR2). Thus, DMF induces mitochondrial biogenesis primarily through its action on Nrf2, and is the first drug demonstrated to increase mitochondrial biogenesis with in vivo human dosing. This is the first demonstration that mitochondrial biogenesis is deficient in Multiple Sclerosis patients, which could have implications for MS pathophysiology and therapy. The observation that DMF stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis, gene expression and function suggests that it could be considered for mitochondrial disease therapy and/or therapy in muscle disease in which mitochondrial function is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, 95616 CA, USA
| | - Mittal Jasoliya
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, 95616 CA, USA
| | - Sunil Sahdeo
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, 92121 CA, USA
| | - Francesco Saccà
- Department of Neurosciences, Odontostomatological and Reproductive Sciences, University Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Chiara Pane
- Department of Neurosciences, Odontostomatological and Reproductive Sciences, University Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Alessandro Filla
- Department of Neurosciences, Odontostomatological and Reproductive Sciences, University Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Angela Marsili
- Department of Neurosciences, Odontostomatological and Reproductive Sciences, University Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Giorgia Puorro
- Department of Neurosciences, Odontostomatological and Reproductive Sciences, University Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Roberta Lanzillo
- Department of Neurosciences, Odontostomatological and Reproductive Sciences, University Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Brescia Morra
- Department of Neurosciences, Odontostomatological and Reproductive Sciences, University Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Gino Cortopassi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, 95616 CA, USA
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30
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Hedberg-Oldfors C, Darin N, Oldfors A. Muscle pathology in Vici syndrome-A case study with a novel mutation in EPG5 and a summary of the literature. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 27:771-776. [PMID: 28624465 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vici syndrome is a disorder characterized by myopathy, cardiomyopathy, agenesis of the corpus callosum, immunodeficiency, cataracts, hypopigmentation, microcephaly, gross developmental delay and failure to thrive. It is caused by mutations in EPG5, which encodes a protein involved in the autophagy pathway. Although myopathy is part of the syndrome, few publications have described the muscle pathology. We present a detailed morphological analysis in a boy with Vici syndrome due to a novel homozygous one-base deletion in EPG5 (c.784delA), and we review the histopathological findings from previous reports. Muscle biopsy was performed at three months of age and demonstrated small vacuolated fibers, frequently with internal nuclei, and expressing developmental and fast myosin isoforms. There was an increase in acid phosphatase activity in the small fibers, which also showed LAMP-2 upregulation, glycogen accumulation and contained numerous p62-positive inclusions and some lipid droplets. Electron microscopy demonstrated hypoplastic fibers with massive glycogen accumulation and extensive disorganization of the myofibrils. This study expands the muscle pathological features of Vici syndrome and demonstrates a pattern of vacuolar myopathy with glycogen storage and immature, hypoplastic and atrophic muscle fibers. Increased lysosomes and accumulation of p62 are in line with a disturbance of the autophagic pathway as an essential part of the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niklas Darin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Oldfors
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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31
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Needham M, Mastaglia F. Advances in inclusion body myositis: genetics, pathogenesis and clinical aspects. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1318056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Bertini E, Dessaud E, Mercuri E, Muntoni F, Kirschner J, Reid C, Lusakowska A, Comi GP, Cuisset JM, Abitbol JL, Scherrer B, Ducray PS, Buchbjerg J, Vianna E, van der Pol WL, Vuillerot C, Blaettler T, Fontoura P. Safety and efficacy of olesoxime in patients with type 2 or non-ambulatory type 3 spinal muscular atrophy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. Lancet Neurol 2017; 16:513-522. [PMID: 28460889 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a progressive motor neuron disease causing loss of motor function and reduced life expectancy, for which limited treatment is available. We investigated the safety and efficacy of olesoxime in patients with type 2 or non-ambulatory type 3 SMA. METHODS This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study was done in 22 neuromuscular care centres in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, and the UK. Safety and efficacy of olesoxime were assessed in patients aged 3-25 years with genetically confirmed type 2 or non-ambulatory type 3 SMA. A centralised, computerised randomisation process allocated patients (2:1 with stratification by SMA type and centre) to receive olesoxime (10 mg/kg per day) in an oral liquid suspension or placebo for 24 months. Patients, investigators assessing outcomes, and sponsor study personnel were masked to treatment assignment. The primary outcome measure was change from baseline compared with 24 months between the two treatment groups in functional domains 1 and 2 of the Motor Function Measure (MFM D1 + D2) assessed in the full analysis population. A shorter, 20-item version of the MFM, which was specifically adapted for young children, was used to assess patients younger than 6 years. Safety was assessed in all patients who received one or more doses of the study drug. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01302600. FINDINGS The trial was done between Nov 18, 2010, and Oct 9, 2013. Of 198 patients screened, 165 were randomly assigned to olesoxime (n=108) or placebo (n=57). Five patients in the olesoxime group were not included in the primary outcome analysis because of an absence of post-baseline assessments. The change from baseline to month 24 on the primary outcome measure was 0·18 for olesoxime and -1·82 for placebo (treatment difference 2·00 points, 96% CI -0·25 to 4·25, p=0·0676). Olesoxime seemed to be safe and generally well tolerated, with an adverse event profile similar to placebo. The most frequent adverse events in the olesoxime group were pyrexia (n=34), cough (n=32), nasopharyngitis (n=25), and vomiting (n=25). There were two patient deaths (one in each group), but these were not deemed to be related to the study treatment. INTERPRETATION Olesoxime was safe at the doses studied, for the duration of the trial. Although the primary endpoint was not met, secondary endpoints and sensitivity analyses suggest that olesoxime might maintain motor function in patients with type 2 or type 3 SMA over a period of 24 months. Based on these results, olesoxime might provide meaningful clinical benefits for patients with SMA and, given its mode of action, might be used in combination with other drugs targeting other mechanisms of disease, although additional evidence is needed. FUNDING AFM Téléthon and Trophos SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Bertini
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Paediatric Neurology and Nemo Center, Catholic University and Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Janbernd Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carol Reid
- Biostatistics, Roche Products Limited, Welwyn Garden City, UK
| | - Anna Lusakowska
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Giacomo P Comi
- Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Jean-Marie Cuisset
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Neuromuscular Disease Reference Centre, Roger-Salengro Hospital, Regional University Teaching Hospital, Lille, France
| | | | - Bruno Scherrer
- Bruno Scherrer Conseil, Saint-Arnoult-en-Yvelines, France
| | - Patricia Sanwald Ducray
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Clinical Pharmacology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeppe Buchbjerg
- Neuroscience Product Development, F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eduardo Vianna
- Neuroscience Product Development, F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - W Ludo van der Pol
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Carole Vuillerot
- Department of Paediatric Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Blaettler
- Neuroscience Product Development, F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paulo Fontoura
- Neuroscience Product Development, F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
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Fontes-Oliveira CC, Steinz M, Schneiderat P, Mulder H, Durbeej M. Bioenergetic Impairment in Congenital Muscular Dystrophy Type 1A and Leigh Syndrome Muscle Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45272. [PMID: 28367954 PMCID: PMC5377256 DOI: 10.1038/srep45272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has high energy requirement and alterations in metabolism are associated with pathological conditions causing muscle wasting and impaired regeneration. Congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A) is a severe muscle disorder caused by mutations in the LAMA2 gene. Leigh syndrome (LS) is a neurometabolic disease caused by mutations in genes related to mitochondrial function. Skeletal muscle is severely affected in both diseases and a common feature is muscle weakness that leads to hypotonia and respiratory problems. Here, we have investigated the bioenergetic profile in myogenic cells from MDC1A and LS patients. We found dysregulated expression of genes related to energy production, apoptosis and proteasome in myoblasts and myotubes. Moreover, impaired mitochondrial function and a compensatory upregulation of glycolysis were observed when monitored in real-time. Also, alterations in cell cycle populations in myoblasts and enhanced caspase-3 activity in myotubes were observed. Thus, we have for the first time demonstrated an impairment of the bioenergetic status in human MDC1A and LS muscle cells, which could contribute to cell cycle disturbance and increased apoptosis. Our findings suggest that skeletal muscle metabolism might be a promising pharmacological target in order to improve muscle function, energy efficiency and tissue maintenance of MDC1A and LS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibely C Fontes-Oliveira
- Unit of Muscle Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maarten Steinz
- Unit of Muscle Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Schneiderat
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Durbeej
- Unit of Muscle Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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34
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Papp D, Kovács T, Billes V, Varga M, Tarnóci A, Hackler L, Puskás LG, Liliom H, Tárnok K, Schlett K, Borsy A, Pádár Z, Kovács AL, Hegedűs K, Juhász G, Komlós M, Erdős A, Gulyás B, Vellai T. AUTEN-67, an autophagy-enhancing drug candidate with potent antiaging and neuroprotective effects. Autophagy 2016; 12:273-86. [PMID: 26312549 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1082023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a major molecular mechanism that eliminates cellular damage in eukaryotic organisms. Basal levels of autophagy are required for maintaining cellular homeostasis and functioning. Defects in the autophagic process are implicated in the development of various age-dependent pathologies including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in accelerated aging. Genetic activation of autophagy has been shown to retard the accumulation of damaged cytoplasmic constituents, delay the incidence of age-dependent diseases, and extend life span in genetic models. This implies that autophagy serves as a therapeutic target in treating such pathologies. Although several autophagy-inducing chemical agents have been identified, the majority of them operate upstream of the core autophagic process, thereby exerting undesired side effects. Here, we screened a small-molecule library for specific inhibitors of MTMR14, a myotubularin-related phosphatase antagonizing the formation of autophagic membrane structures, and isolated AUTEN-67 (autophagy enhancer-67) that significantly increases autophagic flux in cell lines and in vivo models. AUTEN-67 promotes longevity and protects neurons from undergoing stress-induced cell death. It also restores nesting behavior in a murine model of Alzheimer disease, without apparent side effects. Thus, AUTEN-67 is a potent drug candidate for treating autophagy-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diána Papp
- a Velgene Biotechnology Research Ltd. , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Tibor Kovács
- a Velgene Biotechnology Research Ltd. , Szeged , Hungary.,b Department of Genetics , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Viktor Billes
- a Velgene Biotechnology Research Ltd. , Szeged , Hungary.,b Department of Genetics , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Máté Varga
- b Department of Genetics , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Anna Tarnóci
- a Velgene Biotechnology Research Ltd. , Szeged , Hungary.,b Department of Genetics , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | | | - László G Puskás
- c Avidin Ltd. , Szeged , Hungary.,d Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Hanna Liliom
- e Department of Physiology and Neurobiology , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Krisztián Tárnok
- e Department of Physiology and Neurobiology , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Katalin Schlett
- e Department of Physiology and Neurobiology , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary.,f MTA-ELTE NAP B Neuronal Cell Biology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Adrienn Borsy
- g Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Zsolt Pádár
- a Velgene Biotechnology Research Ltd. , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Attila L Kovács
- h Department of Anatomy , Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Krisztina Hegedűs
- h Department of Anatomy , Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- h Department of Anatomy , Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Marcell Komlós
- a Velgene Biotechnology Research Ltd. , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Attila Erdős
- a Velgene Biotechnology Research Ltd. , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- i Karolinska Institute , Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Stockholm , Sweden.,j Imperial College-NTU, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore.,k Imperial College London , Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences , London , UK
| | - Tibor Vellai
- a Velgene Biotechnology Research Ltd. , Szeged , Hungary.,b Department of Genetics , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
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Podratz JL, Lee H, Knorr P, Koehler S, Forsythe S, Lambrecht K, Arias S, Schmidt K, Steinhoff G, Yudintsev G, Yang A, Trushina E, Windebank A. Cisplatin induces mitochondrial deficits in Drosophila larval segmental nerve. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 97:60-69. [PMID: 27765583 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapy drug that induces peripheral neuropathy in cancer patients. In rodent dorsal root ganglion neurons, cisplatin binds nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) inducing DNA damage and apoptosis. Platinum-mtDNA adducts inhibit mtDNA replication and transcription leading to mitochondrial degradation. Cisplatin also induces climbing deficiencies associated with neuronal apoptosis in adult Drosophila melanogaster. Here we used Drosophila larvae that express green fluorescent protein in the mitochondria of motor neurons to observe the effects of cisplatin on mitochondrial dynamics and function. Larvae treated with 10μg/ml cisplatin had normal survival with deficiencies in righting and heat sensing behavior. Behavior was abrogated by, the pan caspase inhibitor, p35. However, active caspase 3 was not detected by immunostaining. There was a 27% decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and a 42% increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria along the axon. Examination of mitochondrial axonal trafficking showed no changes in velocity, flux or mitochondrial length. However, cisplatin treatment resulted in a greater number of stationary organelles caused by extended pausing during axonal motility. These results demonstrate that cisplatin induces behavior deficiencies in Drosophila larvae, decreased mitochondrial activity, increased ROS production and mitochondrial pausing without killing the larvae. Thus, we identified particular aspects of mitochondrial dynamics and function that are affected in cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy and may represent key therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Han Lee
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Patrizia Knorr
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Suzette Arias
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kiley Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Georgiy Yudintsev
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amy Yang
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eugenia Trushina
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Mutant desmin substantially perturbs mitochondrial morphology, function and maintenance in skeletal muscle tissue. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 132:453-73. [PMID: 27393313 PMCID: PMC4992032 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Secondary mitochondrial dysfunction is a feature in a wide variety of human protein aggregate diseases caused by mutations in different proteins, both in the central nervous system and in striated muscle. The functional relationship between the expression of a mutated protein and mitochondrial dysfunction is largely unknown. In particular, the mechanism how this dysfunction drives the disease process is still elusive. To address this issue for protein aggregate myopathies, we performed a comprehensive, multi-level analysis of mitochondrial pathology in skeletal muscles of human patients with mutations in the intermediate filament protein desmin and in muscles of hetero- and homozygous knock-in mice carrying the R349P desmin mutation. We demonstrate that the expression of mutant desmin causes disruption of the extrasarcomeric desmin cytoskeleton and extensive mitochondrial abnormalities regarding subcellular distribution, number and shape. At the molecular level, we uncovered changes in the abundancy and assembly of the respiratory chain complexes and supercomplexes. In addition, we revealed a marked reduction of mtDNA- and nuclear DNA-encoded mitochondrial proteins in parallel with large-scale deletions in mtDNA and reduced mtDNA copy numbers. Hence, our data demonstrate that the expression of mutant desmin causes multi-level damage of mitochondria already in early stages of desminopathies.
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37
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Niyazov DM, Kahler SG, Frye RE. Primary Mitochondrial Disease and Secondary Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Importance of Distinction for Diagnosis and Treatment. Mol Syndromol 2016; 7:122-37. [PMID: 27587988 DOI: 10.1159/000446586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disease refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders resulting in defective cellular energy production due to abnormal oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos). Primary mitochondrial disease (PMD) is diagnosed clinically and ideally, but not always, confirmed by a known or indisputably pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA (nDNA) mutation. The PMD genes either encode oxphos proteins directly or they affect oxphos function by impacting production of the complex machinery needed to run the oxphos process. However, many disorders have the 'mitochondrial' phenotype without an identifiable mtDNA or nDNA mutation or they have a variant of unknown clinical significance. Secondary mitochondrial dysfunction (SMD) can be caused by genes encoding neither function nor production of the oxphos proteins and accompanies many hereditary non-mitochondrial diseases. SMD may also be due to nongenetic causes such as environmental factors. In our practice, we see many patients with clinical signs of mitochondrial dysfunction based on phenotype, biomarkers, imaging, muscle biopsy, or negative/equivocal mtDNA or nDNA test results. In these cases, it is often tempting to assign a patient's phenotype to 'mitochondrial disease', but SMD is often challenging to distinguish from PMD. Fortunately, rapid advances in molecular testing, made possible by next generation sequencing, have been effective at least in some cases in establishing accurate diagnoses to distinguish between PMD and SMD. This is important, since their treatments and prognoses can be quite different. However, even in the absence of the ability to distinguish between PMD and SMD, treating SMD with standard treatments for PMD can be effective. We review the latest findings regarding mitochondrial disease/dysfunction and give representative examples in which differentiation between PMD and SMD has been crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy M Niyazov
- Department of Pediatrics, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, La, USA
| | - Stephan G Kahler
- Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital and Arkansas Children's Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Ark., USA
| | - Richard E Frye
- Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital and Arkansas Children's Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Ark., USA
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Hautakangas MR, Hinttala R, Rantala H, Nieminen P, Uusimaa J, Hassinen IE. Evaluating clinical mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes from biopsy specimens presenting skewed probability distribution of activity data. Mitochondrion 2016; 29:53-8. [PMID: 27223842 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Due to the relative rarity of mitochondrial diseases, generating reference ranges is problematic in evaluation of respiratory chain activities particularly in pediatric cases. We determined the sample distribution of respiratory chain enzyme activities in skeletal muscle biopsies collected from pediatric patients suspected of neuromuscular disorders. Activities of NADH-ubiquinone reductase, NADH-cytochrome c reductase, succinate-cytochrome c reductase; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome c oxidase activities have log-normal distributions even when confirmed mitochondrial diseases were ruled out. Impact of the log-normal distribution of the respiratory chain enzyme activities on clinical diagnostics is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milla-Riikka Hautakangas
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Children and Adolescents, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
| | - Reetta Hinttala
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Children and Adolescents, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
| | - Heikki Rantala
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Children and Adolescents, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
| | - Pentti Nieminen
- Medical Informatics and Statistics Group, University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - Johanna Uusimaa
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Children and Adolescents, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
| | - Ilmo E Hassinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Sunitha B, Gayathri N, Kumar M, Keshava Prasad TS, Nalini A, Padmanabhan B, Srinivas Bharath MM. Muscle biopsies from human muscle diseases with myopathic pathology reveal common alterations in mitochondrial function. J Neurochem 2016; 138:174-91. [PMID: 27015874 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Muscle diseases are clinically and genetically heterogeneous and manifest as dystrophic, inflammatory and myopathic pathologies, among others. Our previous study on the cardiotoxin mouse model of myodegeneration and inflammation linked muscle pathology with mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated whether human muscle diseases display mitochondrial changes. Muscle biopsies from muscle disease patients, represented by dysferlinopathy (dysfy) (dystrophic pathology; n = 43), polymyositis (PM) (inflammatory pathology; n = 24), and distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles (DMRV) (distal myopathy; n = 31) were analyzed. Mitochondrial damage (ragged blue and COX-deficient fibers) was revealed in dysfy, PM, and DMRV cases by enzyme histochemistry (SDH and COX-SDH), electron microscopy (vacuolation and altered cristae) and biochemical assays (significantly increased ADP/ATP ratio). Proteomic analysis of muscle mitochondria from all three muscle diseases by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation labeling and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis demonstrated down-regulation of electron transport chain (ETC) complex subunits, assembly factors and Krebs cycle enzymes. Interestingly, 80 of the under-expressed proteins were common among the three pathologies. Assay of ETC and Krebs cycle enzyme activities validated the MS data. Mitochondrial proteins from muscle pathologies also displayed higher tryptophan (Trp) oxidation and the same was corroborated in the cardiotoxin model. Molecular modeling predicted Trp oxidation to alter the local structure of mitochondrial proteins. Our data highlight mitochondrial alterations in muscle pathologies, represented by morphological changes, altered mitochondrial proteome and protein oxidation, thereby establishing the role of mitochondrial damage in human muscle diseases. We investigated whether human muscle diseases display mitochondrial changes. Muscle biopsies from dysferlinopathy (Dysfy), polymyositis (PM), and distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles (DMRV) displayed morphological and biochemical evidences of mitochondrial dysfunction. Proteomic analysis revealed down-regulation of electron transport chain (ETC) subunits, assembly factors, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes, with 80 proteins common among the three pathologies. Mitochondrial proteins from muscle pathologies also displayed higher Trp oxidation that could alter the local structure. Cover image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13324.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaraju Sunitha
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Narayanappa Gayathri
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Whitefield, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Whitefield, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,NIMHANS-IOB Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - Atchayaram Nalini
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Balasundaram Padmanabhan
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Pavlidou E, Salpietro V, Phadke R, Hargreaves IP, Batten L, McElreavy K, Pitt M, Mankad K, Wilson C, Cutrupi MC, Ruggieri M, McCormick D, Saggar A, Kinali M. Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2D and optic nerve atrophy further expand the spectrum associated with selenoprotein biosynthesis deficiency. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2016; 20:483-8. [PMID: 26805434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The term Pontocerebellar hypoplasias collectively refers to a group of rare, heterogeneous and progressive disorders, which are frequently inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and usually have a prenatal onset. Mutations in the SEPSECS gene, leading to deficiency in selenoprotein biosynthesis, have been identified in recent times as the molecular etiology of different pre/perinatal onset neurological phenotypes, including cerebello-cerebral atrophy, Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2D and progressive encephalopathy with elevated lactate. These disorders share a similar spectrum of central (e.g., brain neurodegeneration with grey and white matter both involved) and peripheral (e.g., spasticity due to axonal neuropathy) nervous system impairment. CASE PRESENTATION We hereby describe a 9-year-old boy with (i) a typical Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2D phenotype (e.g. profound mental retardation, spastic quadriplegia, ponto-cerebellar hypoplasia and progressive cerebral atrophy); (ii) optic nerve atrophy and (iii) mild secondary mitochondrial myopathy detected by muscle biopsy and respiratory chain enzyme analysis. We performed whole exome sequencing which identified a homozygous mutation of the SEPSECS gene (c.1001T > C), confirming the clinical suspect of Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2D. CONCLUSION This report further corroborates the notion of a potential secondary mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of selenoprotein biosynthesis deficiency and also adds optic nerve atrophy as a new potential clinical feature within the SEPSECS-associated clinical spectrum. These findings suggest the presence of a possible shared genetic etiology among similar clinical entities characterized by the combination of progressive cerebello-cerebral and optic nerve atrophy and also stress the biological importance of selenoproteins in the regulation of neuronal and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efterpi Pavlidou
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, United Kingdom.
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Neurosciences, University College of London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Rahul Phadke
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, University College of London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Iain P Hargreaves
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, University College of London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Leigh Batten
- The Doctors Laboratory, Bupa Cromwell Hospital Pathology Department, 1-3 Pennant Mews, London, SW5 0TU, United Kingdom.
| | - Kenneth McElreavy
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institute Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Matthew Pitt
- The Portland Hospital for Women and Children, 205-209 Great Portland St, London, W1W 5AH, United Kingdom; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond St, London, WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom.
| | - Kshitij Mankad
- The Portland Hospital for Women and Children, 205-209 Great Portland St, London, W1W 5AH, United Kingdom; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond St, London, WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom.
| | - Clare Wilson
- Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, United Kingdom.
| | - Maria Concetta Cutrupi
- Unit of Genetics and Paediatric Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - Martino Ruggieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Ospedale Garibaldi "Nesima" - Via Palermo, 636, I-95122, Catania, Italy.
| | - David McCormick
- The Portland Hospital for Women and Children, 205-209 Great Portland St, London, W1W 5AH, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, United Kingdom.
| | - Anand Saggar
- The Portland Hospital for Women and Children, 205-209 Great Portland St, London, W1W 5AH, United Kingdom; St George's Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Rd, Tooting, SW17 0QT, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Maria Kinali
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, United Kingdom; The Portland Hospital for Women and Children, 205-209 Great Portland St, London, W1W 5AH, United Kingdom.
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Felhi R, Mkaouar-Rebai E, Sfaihi-Ben Mansour L, Alila-Fersi O, Tabebi M, Ben Rhouma B, Ammar M, Keskes L, Hachicha M, Fakhfakh F. Mutational analysis in patients with neuromuscular disorders: Detection of mitochondrial deletion and double mutations in the MT-ATP6 gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:61-66. [PMID: 26993169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases encompass a wide variety of pathologies characterized by a dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain resulting in an energy deficiency. The respiratory chain consists of five multi-protein complexes providing coupling between nutrient oxidation and phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. In the present report, we studied mitochondrial genes of complex I, III, IV and V in 2 Tunisian patients with mitochondrial neuromuscular disorders. In the first patient, we detected the m.8392C>T variation (P136S) in the mitochondrial ATPase6 gene and the m.8527A>G transition at the junction MT-ATP6/MT-ATP8 which change the initiation codon AUG to GUG. The presence of these two variations in such an important gene could probably affect the ATP synthesis in the studied patient. In the second patient, we detected several known variations in addition to a mitochondrial deletion in the major arc of the mtDNA eliminating tRNA and respiratory chain protein genes. This deletion could be responsible of an inefficient translation leading to an inefficient mitochondrial protein synthesis in P2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Felhi
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Emna Mkaouar-Rebai
- Département des Sciences de la Vie, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia.
| | | | - Olfa Alila-Fersi
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Tabebi
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Bochra Ben Rhouma
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Ammar
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Leila Keskes
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Faiza Fakhfakh
- Département des Sciences de la Vie, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia
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Cheong JW, Kim Y, Eom JI, Jeung HK, Min YH. Enhanced autophagy in cytarabine arabinoside-resistant U937 leukemia cells and its potential as a target for overcoming resistance. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3433-40. [PMID: 26935591 PMCID: PMC4805098 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation mechanism that is essential for cell survival, differentiation, development, and homeostasis. Autophagy protects cells from various stresses, including protecting normal cells from harmful metabolic conditions, and cancer cells from chemotherapeutics. In the current study, a cytarabine arabinoside (Ara-C)-sensitive U937 leukemia cell line and an Ara-C-resistant U937 (U937/AR) cell line were assessed for baseline autophagy activity by investigating the LC3-I conversion to LC3-II, performing EGFP-LC3 puncta, an acidic autophagolysosome assay, and measuring the expression of various autophagy-related genes. The results demonstrated significantly higher autophagic activity in the U937/AR cells compared with the U937 cells, when the cells were cultured with or without serum. Furthermore, an increase in the autophagic activity in starved U937/AR cells was demonstrated, compared with that in the starved U937 cells. Administration of an autophagy inhibitor demonstrated no change in cell death in the two cell lines when cultured with serum, however, it induced cell death regardless of the Ara-C sensitivity when the cell lines were cultured without serum. In addition, the U937 cells demonstrated an Ara-C resistance when cultured without serum. Co-treatment with Ara-C and the autophagy inhibitor significantly induced cell death in the U937/AR and Ara-C-sensitive U937 cells. In conclusion, autophagy serves an important role in protecting U937 cells from Ara-C and in the development of Ara-C resistance. Inhibition of autophagy combined with the Ara-C treatment in the U937 cells augmented the anti-leukemic effect of Ara-C and overcame Ara-C resistance, suggesting that autophagy may be an important therapeutic target to further improve the treatment outcome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Won Cheong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120‑752, Republic of Korea
| | - Yundeok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120‑752, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju In Eom
- Medical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120‑752, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoi-Kyung Jeung
- Medical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120‑752, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Hong Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120‑752, Republic of Korea
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Romanello V, Sandri M. Mitochondrial Quality Control and Muscle Mass Maintenance. Front Physiol 2016; 6:422. [PMID: 26793123 PMCID: PMC4709858 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of muscle mass and force occurs in many diseases such as disuse/inactivity, diabetes, cancer, renal, and cardiac failure and in aging-sarcopenia. In these catabolic conditions the mitochondrial content, morphology and function are greatly affected. The changes of mitochondrial network influence the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that play an important role in muscle function. Moreover, dysfunctional mitochondria trigger catabolic signaling pathways which feed-forward to the nucleus to promote the activation of muscle atrophy. Exercise, on the other hand, improves mitochondrial function by activating mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy, possibly playing an important part in the beneficial effects of physical activity in several diseases. Optimized mitochondrial function is strictly maintained by the coordinated activation of different mitochondrial quality control pathways. In this review we outline the current knowledge linking mitochondria-dependent signaling pathways to muscle homeostasis in aging and disease and the resulting implications for the development of novel therapeutic approaches to prevent muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Sandri
- Venetian Institute of Molecular MedicinePadova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Science, University of PadovaPadova, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePadova, Italy; Department of Medicine, McGill UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada
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Ryan TE, Schmidt CA, Green TD, Brown DA, Neufer PD, McClung JM. Mitochondrial Regulation of the Muscle Microenvironment in Critical Limb Ischemia. Front Physiol 2015; 6:336. [PMID: 26635622 PMCID: PMC4649016 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the most severe clinical presentation of peripheral arterial disease and manifests as chronic limb pain at rest and/or tissue necrosis. Current clinical interventions are largely ineffective and therapeutic angiogenesis based trials have shown little efficacy, highlighting the dire need for new ideas and novel therapeutic approaches. Despite a decade of research related to skeletal muscle as a determinant of morbidity and mortality outcomes in CLI, very little progress has been made toward an effective therapy aimed directly at the muscle myopathies of this disease. Within the muscle cell, mitochondria are well positioned to modulate the ischemic cellular response, as they are the principal sites of cellular energy production and the major regulators of cellular redox charge and cell death. In this mini review, we update the crucial importance of skeletal muscle to CLI pathology and examine the evolving influence of muscle and endothelial cell mitochondria in the complex ischemic microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the novelty of muscle mitochondria as a therapeutic target for ischemic pathology in the context of the complex co-morbidities often associated with CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence E Ryan
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Cameron A Schmidt
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Tom D Green
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - David A Brown
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Joseph M McClung
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
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Haliloglu G, Talim B, Sel CG, Topaloglu H. Clinical characteristics of megaconial congenital muscular dystrophy due to choline kinase beta gene defects in a series of 15 patients. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:1099-108. [PMID: 26067811 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A new form of congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) with multisystem involvement and characteristic mitochondrial structural changes, due to choline kinase beta (CHKB) gene defects has been characterized by intellectual disability, autistic features, ichthyosis-like skin changes, and dilated cardiomyopathy. We define the clinical characteristics in 15 patients, from 14 unrelated families with so-called 'megaconial CMD', all having mutations in CHKB. Core clinical phenotype included global developmental delay prominent in gross-motor and language domains, severe intellectual disability (ID), and/or muscle weakness in all cases. Muscle biopsies were equivocally 'megaconial' in all. Other peculiarities were: ichthyosis-like skin changes (n = 11), increased serum CK levels (n = 12), microcephaly (n = 6), dysmorphic facial features (n = 7), neonatal hypotonia (n = 3), seizures (n = 3), epileptiform activity without clinically overt seizures (n = 2), dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 2), decreased left ventricular systolic function (n = 2), congenital heart defects (n = 3), sensorineural (n = 1), and conductive hearing loss (n = 1). Ten patients had cranial neuroimaging (MRI-MRS) study, which was notably normal in all, other than one patient having a decreased choline: creatine peak. Intra-familial variability in clinical expression of the disease is noted in four families. Two siblings from the same family, one presenting with global developmental delay and dilated cardiomyopathy, and the other with ichthyosis, ID and proximal weakness without cardiomyopathy died at the ages of 2 years 1 month, and 7 years 4 months respectively. Evolution was progressive (n = 13) and static (n = 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Goknur Haliloglu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Children's Hospital, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Beril Talim
- Pediatric Pathology Unit, Hacettepe University Children's Hospital, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Genc Sel
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dr. Sami Ulus Research and Training Hospital of Women's and Children's Health and Diseases, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haluk Topaloglu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Children's Hospital, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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Montes J, Garber CE, Kramer SS, Montgomery MJ, Dunaway S, Kamil-Rosenberg S, Carr B, Cruz R, Strauss NE, Sproule D, De Vivo DC. Single-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial of Exercise in Ambulatory Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Why are the Results Negative? J Neuromuscul Dis 2015; 2:463-470. [PMID: 27858749 PMCID: PMC5240606 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-150101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefits of exercise on long-term health and well-being are well established. The possible benefits of exercise in Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) have not been explored in a controlled clinical trial format. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of exercise on measures of function, strength, and exercise capacity in ambulatory SMA patients. METHODS Fourteen participants, ages 10-48 years, were randomized to control and exercise cohorts after a 1 month lead-in period. The exercise group received 6 months of intervention. Thereafter, both groups received the intervention for the remaining 12 months. Participants were monitored for a total of 19 months. Exercise included individualized home-based cycling and strengthening. The primary outcome measure was distance walked during the six-minute walk test (6MWT). Secondary outcomes included strength, function, exercise capacity, quality of life and fatigue. RESULTS Twelve participants completed the first 7 months of the study, and 9 completed all 19 months. At baseline, the groups were similar on all clinical variables. There were no group changes at any time point in the 6MWT, fatigue, or function. Percent-predicted VO2 max improved 4.9% in all participants in 6 months (p = 0.036) (n = 10). CONCLUSION Daily exercise is safe in ambulatory SMA and should be encouraged. We did not uncover any deleterious effects on strength, function, or fatigue. Our study documented a reduction in oxidative capacity and a blunted conditioning response to exercise possibly representing an important insight into underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. These findings also may be linked causally to mitochondrial depletion in SMA and warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Montes
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carol Ewing Garber
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samantha S. Kramer
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megan J. Montgomery
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sally Dunaway
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shirit Kamil-Rosenberg
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brendan Carr
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rosangel Cruz
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy E. Strauss
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas Sproule
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Darryl C. De Vivo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Finsterer J, Mishra A, Wakil S, Pennuto M, Soraru G. Mitochondrial implications in bulbospinal muscular atrophy (Kennedy disease). Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2015; 17:112-8. [PMID: 26428534 DOI: 10.3109/21678421.2015.1089910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that mitochondrial functions are secondarily disturbed in bulbospinal muscular atrophy (BSMA). This review focuses on the relation between BSMA and the effect of the expanded polyglutamine (poly-Q) androgen receptor (AR) on mitochondrial functions. Mitochondrial functions in bulbospinal muscular atrophy (SBMA) are affected on the molecular, clinical, and therapeutic level. On the molecular level there is down-regulation of various nuclear-DNA-encoded mitochondrial proteins by mutant androgen receptor (mAR), colocalization of the mAR with various mitochondrial proteins, association of mAR aggregates with mitochondria resulting in abnormal distribution of mitochondria, mtDNA depletion or multiple mtDNA deletions, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, increase in reactive oxidative species, and activation of the mitochondrial caspase pathway. On the clinical level various mitochondrial disorders mimic SBMA, and on the therapeutic level pioglitazone expresses PPAR-γ, cyclosporine-A restores mitochondrial membrane potentials, coenzyme-Q and idebenone reduce oxidative stress, and geldanamycin up-regulates protective mitochondrial heat shock proteins. In conclusion, in BSMA mitochondrial dysfunction results from various interactions of elongated poly-Q AR with mitochondria, mitochondrial proteins, nuclear or mitochondrial DNA, causing oxidative stress, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, or activation of the mitochondrial caspase pathway. Additionally, mitochondrial disease may mimic BSMA and therapeutic approaches may depend on modifications of mitochondrial pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Salma Wakil
- c Department of Genetics , King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Pennuto
- d Dulbecco Telethon Institute Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO) , University of Trento , Trento
| | - Gianni Soraru
- e Department of Neurosciences , University of Padova , Italy
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Jackson S, Schaefer J, Meinhardt M, Reichmann H. Mitochondrial abnormalities in the myofibrillar myopathies. Eur J Neurol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Jackson
- Department of Neurology; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - J. Schaefer
- Department of Neurology; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - M. Meinhardt
- Department of Pathology; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - H. Reichmann
- Department of Neurology; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
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Liu F, Lou J, Zhao D, Li W, Zhao Y, Sun X, Yan C. Dysferlinopathy: mitochondrial abnormalities in human skeletal muscle. Int J Neurosci 2015; 126:499-509. [PMID: 26000923 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2015.1034801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mitochondrial defects have been associated with a series of muscular diseases. Dysferlinopathy, however, has been rarely reported with mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we report a cohort of dysferlinopathy patients with mitochondrial abnormalities found in muscle. METHODS Clinical data and muscle pathologies of nine cases with dysferlinopathy were retrospectively studied. mtDNA copy number, protein levels and activities of mitochondrial enzyme complexes were assayed. RESULTS Nine patients were diagnosed as having dysferlinopathy by DYSF sequencing and quantification of dysferlin levels in muscle homogenates. Muscle biopsies exhibited dystrophic changes (n = 9), ragged-red fibers (n = 9) and cytochrome c oxidase-deficient fibers (n = 9). mtDNA copy number increased significantly in 56% (15/27) of fibers with mitochondrial histology. Protein levels of complex IV subunits II (n = 5), complex III subunit core 2 (n = 2) and complex I NDUFB1 (n = 1) decreased. Impaired activities of complexes I, III and IV were observed in 56%, 33% and 78% of subjects and the activities were reduced by 21%, 18% and 40%, respectively. Besides, loss activities of complexes I/IV and decreased ATP level were also found in fibroblasts from dysferlinopathy. CONCLUSION Prominent mitochondrial abnormalities are common pathological findings in muscle from dysferlinopathy. Our data indicated that mitochondria may play a significant role in the progression of dysferlinopathy and also highlighted the potential of mitochondrial protective drugs in rescuing the symptoms of dysferlinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchen Liu
- a Department of Neurology , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , China.,b Department of Neurobiology, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Jianwei Lou
- a Department of Neurology , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- a Department of Neurology , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , China
| | - Wei Li
- a Department of Neurology , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , China
| | - Yuying Zhao
- a Department of Neurology , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , China
| | - Xiulian Sun
- c Otolaryngology Lab, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , China
| | - Chuanzhu Yan
- a Department of Neurology , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , China.,d Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education , School of Medicine, Shandong University , Jinan , China.,e Brain Science Research Institute , Shandong University , Jinan , China
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Mitochondrial DNA Depletion and Deletions in Paediatric Patients with Neuromuscular Diseases: Novel Phenotypes. JIMD Rep 2015; 23:91-100. [PMID: 25940035 PMCID: PMC4484910 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2015_438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinical manifestations and occurrence of mtDNA depletion and deletions in paediatric patients with neuromuscular diseases and to identify novel clinical phenotypes associated with mtDNA depletion or deletions. METHODS Muscle DNA samples from patients presenting with undefined encephalomyopathies or myopathies were analysed for mtDNA content by quantitative real-time PCR and for deletions by long-range PCR. Direct sequencing of mtDNA maintenance genes and whole-exome sequencing were used to study the genetic aetiologies of the diseases. Clinical and laboratory findings were collected. RESULTS Muscle samples were obtained from 104 paediatric patients with neuromuscular diseases. mtDNA depletion was found in three patients with severe early-onset encephalomyopathy or myopathy. Two of these patients presented with novel types of mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes associated with increased serum creatine kinase (CK) and multiorgan disease without mutations in any of the known mtDNA maintenance genes; one patient had pathologic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes in muscle. The third patient with mtDNA depletion was diagnosed with merosine-deficient muscular dystrophy caused by a homozygous mutation in the LAMA2 gene. Two patients with an early-onset Kearns-Sayre/Pearson-like phenotype harboured a large-scale mtDNA deletion, minor multiple deletions and high mtDNA content. CONCLUSIONS Novel encephalomyopathic mtDNA depletion syndrome with structural alterations in muscle ER was identified. mtDNA depletion may also refer to secondary mitochondrial changes related to muscular dystrophy. We suggest that a large-scale mtDNA deletion, minor multiple deletions and high mtDNA content associated with Kearns-Sayre/Pearson syndromes may be secondary changes caused by mutations in an unknown nuclear gene.
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