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Nowotarski MS, Potnuru LR, Straub JS, Chaklashiya R, Shimasaki T, Pahari B, Coffaro H, Jain S, Han S. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enhanced Multiple-Quantum Spin Counting of Molecular Assemblies in Vitrified Solutions. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:7084-7094. [PMID: 38953521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Crystallization pathways are essential to various industrial, geological, and biological processes. In nonclassical nucleation theory, prenucleation clusters (PNCs) form, aggregate, and crystallize to produce higher order assemblies. Microscopy and X-ray techniques have limited utility for PNC analysis due to the small size (0.5-3 nm) and time stability constraints. We present a new approach for analyzing PNC formation based on 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin counting of vitrified molecular assemblies. The use of glassing agents ensures that vitrification generates amorphous aqueous samples and offers conditions for performing dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-amplified NMR spectroscopy. We demonstrate that molecular adenosine triphosphate along with crystalline, amorphous, and clustered calcium phosphate materials formed via a nonclassical growth pathway can be differentiated from one another by the number of dipolar coupled 31P spins. We also present an innovative approach for examining spin counting data, demonstrating that a knowledge-based fitting of integer multiples of cosine wave functions, instead of the traditional Fourier transform, provides a more physically meaningful retrieval of the existing frequencies. This is the first report of multiquantum spin counting of assemblies formed in solution as captured under vitrified DNP conditions, which can be useful for future analysis of PNCs and other aqueous molecular clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesopotamia S Nowotarski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Lokeswara Rao Potnuru
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joshua S Straub
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Raj Chaklashiya
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Toshihiko Shimasaki
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Bholanath Pahari
- School of Physical and Applied Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao, Goa 403206, India
| | - Hunter Coffaro
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Sheetal Jain
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Brinkmann A, Edén M. Central-transition double-quantum sideband NMR spectroscopy of half-integer quadrupolar nuclei: estimating internuclear distances and probing clusters within multi-spin networks. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:7037-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00029c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Clusters within quadrupolar spin networks are probed and internuclear distances between quadrupolar nuclei are estimated by central-transition double-quantum sideband NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brinkmann
- Measurement Science and Standards
- National Research Council Canada
- Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mattias Edén
- Physical Chemistry Division
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Arrhenius Laboratory
- Stockholm University
- 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Cuisinier M, Martin JF, Moreau P, Epicier T, Kanno R, Guyomard D, Dupré N. Quantitative MAS NMR characterization of the LiMn(1/2)Ni(1/2)O(2) electrode/electrolyte interphase. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2012; 42:51-61. [PMID: 21978533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The conditions in which degradation processes at the positive electrode/electrolyte interface occur are still incompletely understood and traditional surface analytical techniques struggle to characterize and depict accurately interfacial films. In the present work, information on the growth and evolution of the interphases upon storage and cycling as well as their electrochemical consequences are gathered in the case of LiNi(1/2)Mn(1/2)O(2) with commonly used LiPF(6) (1M in EC/DMC) electrolyte. The use of (7)Li, (19)F and (31)P MAS NMR, made quantitative through the implementation of empirical calibration, is combined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) to probe the elements involved in surface species and to unravel the inhomogenous architecture of the interphase. At room temperature, contact with the electrolyte leads to a covering of the oxide surface first by LiF and lithiated organic species are found on the outer part of the interphase. At 55°C, not only the interphase proceeds in further covering of the surface but also thickens resulting in an increase of 240% of lithiated species and the presence of -POF(2) fluorophosphates. The composition gradient within the interphase depth is also strongly affected by the temperature. In agreement with the electrochemical performance, quantitative NMR surface analyses show that the use of LiBOB-modified electrolyte results in a Li-enriched interphase, intrinsically less resistive than the standard LiPF(6)-based interphase, comprised of a mixture of resistive LiF with non lithiated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cuisinier
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes-CNRS, UMR6502, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes cedex 3, France
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