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Mellet J, Hendricks CL, Stivaktas V, Durandt C, Ambele MA, Pepper MS. Extensive immunophenotypic sub-population analysis of StemRegenin1 expanded haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:317. [PMID: 39304924 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ex vivo haematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPCs) expansion constitutes an important area of research, and has the potential to improve access to umbilical cord blood (UCB) as a source of stem cells for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The ability to improve stem cell dose and thereby reduce delayed engraftment times, which has plagued the use of UCB as a stem cell source since inception, is a recognised advantage. The extent to which cluster of differentiation (CD)34 sub-populations are affected by expansion with StemRegenin1 (SR1), and whether a particular subtype may account for better engraftment than others, is currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of SR1-induced HSPC expansion on CD34+ immunophenotypic subsets and gene expression profiles. METHODS UCB-derived CD34+ HSPCs were characterised before (D0) and after expansion (D7) with SR1 using an extensive immunophenotypic panel. In addition, gene expression was assessed and differentially expressed genes were categorised into biological processes. RESULTS A dose-dependent increase in the number of CD34+ HSPCs was observed with SR1 treatment, and unbiased and extensive HSPC immunophenotyping proved to be a powerful tool in identifying unique sub-populations within the HSPC repertoire. In this regard, we found that SR1 promotes the emergence of HSPC subsets which may aid engraftment post expansion. In addition, we observed that SR1 has a minimal effect on the transcriptome of 7-day expanded CD34+ HSPCs when compared to cells expanded without SR1, with only two genes being downregulated in the former. CONCLUSION This study revealed that SR1 selects for potentially novel immunophenotypic HSPC subsets post expansion and has a minimal effect on the transcriptome of 7-day expanded HSPCs when compared to vehicle controls. Whether these distinct immunophenotypic sub-populations possess greater engraftment capacity remains to be tested in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanita Mellet
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Immunology, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Candice L Hendricks
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Immunology, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Chrisna Durandt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Immunology, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Melvin A Ambele
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Immunology, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Immunology, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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2
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Reuvekamp T, Bachas C, Cloos J. Immunophenotypic features of early haematopoietic and leukaemia stem cells. Int J Lab Hematol 2024. [PMID: 39045906 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.14348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Many tumours are organised in a hierarchical structure with at its apex a cell that can maintain, establish, and repopulate the tumour-the cancer stem cell. The haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) is the founder cell for all functional blood cells. Like HSCs, the leukaemia stem cells (LSC) are hypothesised to be the leukaemia-initiating cells, which have features of stemness such as self-renewal, quiescence, and resistance to cytotoxic drugs. Immunophenotypically, CD34+CD38- defines HSCs by adding lineage negativity and CD90+CD45RA-. At which stage of maturation the further differentiation is blocked, determines the type of leukaemia, and determines the immunophenotype of the LSC specific to the leukaemia type. No apparent LSC phenotype has been described in lymphoid leukaemia, and it is debated if a specific acute lymphocytic leukaemia-initiating cell is present, as all cells are capable of engraftment in a secondary mouse model. In chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, a B-cell clone is responsible for uncontrolled proliferation, not a specific LSC. In chronic and acute myeloid leukaemia, LSC is described as CD34+CD38- with the expression of a marker that is aberrantly expressed (LSC marker), such as CD45RA, CD123 or in the case of chronic myeloid leukaemia CD26. In acute myeloid leukaemia, the LSC load had prognostic relevance and might be a biomarker that can be used for monitoring and as an addition to measurable residual disease. However, challenges such as the CD34-negative immunophenotype need to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Reuvekamp
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Costa Bachas
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Al-Amoodi AS, Kai J, Li Y, Malki JS, Alghamdi A, Al-Ghuneim A, Saera-Vila A, Habuchi S, Merzaban JS. α1,3-fucosylation treatment improves cord blood CD34 negative hematopoietic stem cell navigation. iScience 2024; 27:108882. [PMID: 38322982 PMCID: PMC10845921 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
For almost two decades, clinicians have overlooked the diagnostic potential of CD34neg hematopoietic stem cells because of their limited homing capacity relative to CD34posHSCs when injected intravenously. This has contributed to the lack of appeal of using umbilical cord blood in HSC transplantation because its stem cell count is lower than bone marrow. The present study reveals that the homing and engraftment of CD34negHSCs can be improved by adding the Sialyl Lewis X molecule via α1,3-fucosylation. This unlocks the potential for using this more primitive stem cell to treat blood disorders because our findings show CD34negHSCs have the capacity to regenerate cells in the bone marrow of mice for several months. Furthermore, our RNA sequencing analysis revealed that CD34negHSCs have unique adhesion pathways, downregulated in CD34posHSCs, that facilitate interaction with the bone marrow niche. Our findings suggest that CD34neg cells will best thrive when the HSC resides in its microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma S. Al-Amoodi
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jing Kai
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanyan Li
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jana S. Malki
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alghamdi
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Al-Ghuneim
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Satoshi Habuchi
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasmeen S. Merzaban
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Smart-Health Initiative, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Anjos-Afonso F, Bonnet D. Human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell hierarchy: how far are we with its delineation at the most primitive level? Blood 2023; 142:509-518. [PMID: 37018661 PMCID: PMC10644061 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to isolate and characterize different hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) or progenitor cell populations opens avenues to understand how hematopoiesis is regulated during development, homeostasis, and regeneration as well as in age-related conditions such as clonal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. Significant progress has been made in the past few decades in determining the composition of the cell types that exist in this system, but the most significant advances have come from mouse studies. However, recent breakthroughs have made significant strides that have enhanced the resolution of the human primitive hematopoietic compartment. Therefore, we aim to review this subject not only from a historical perspective but also to discuss the progress made in the characterization of the human postnatal CD34+ HSC-enriched populations. This approach will enable us to shed light on the potential future translational applicability of human HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Anjos-Afonso
- Haematopoietic Signalling Group, European Cancer Stem Cell Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Schippel N, Sharma S. Dynamics of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell differentiation to the erythroid lineage. Exp Hematol 2023; 123:1-17. [PMID: 37172755 PMCID: PMC10330572 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoiesis, the development of erythrocytes from hematopoietic stem cells, occurs through four phases: erythroid progenitor (EP) development, early erythropoiesis, terminal erythroid differentiation (TED), and maturation. According to the classical model that is based on immunophenotypic profiles of cell populations, each of these phases comprises multiple differentiation states that arise in a hierarchical manner. After segregation of lymphoid potential, erythroid priming begins during progenitor development and progresses through progenitor cell types that have multilineage potential. Complete separation of the erythroid lineage is achieved during early erythropoiesis with the formation of unipotent EPs: burst-forming unit-erythroid and colony-forming unit-erythroid. These erythroid-committed progenitors undergo TED and maturation, which involves expulsion of the nucleus and remodeling to form functional biconcave, hemoglobin-filled erythrocytes. In the last decade or so, many studies employing advanced techniques such as single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) as well as the conventional methods, including colony-forming cell assays and immunophenotyping, have revealed heterogeneity within the stem, progenitor, and erythroblast stages, and uncovered alternate paths for segregation of erythroid lineage potential. In this review, we provide an in-depth account of immunophenotypic profiles of all cell types within erythropoiesis, highlight studies that demonstrate heterogeneous erythroid stages, and describe deviations to the classical model of erythropoiesis. Overall, although scRNA-seq approaches have provided new insights, flow cytometry remains relevant and is the primary method for validation of novel immunophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Schippel
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Shalini Sharma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ.
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6
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Rix B, Maduro AH, Bridge KS, Grey W. Markers for human haematopoietic stem cells: The disconnect between an identification marker and its function. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1009160. [PMID: 36246104 PMCID: PMC9564379 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1009160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The haematopoietic system is a classical stem cell hierarchy that maintains all the blood cells in the body. Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are rare, highly potent cells that reside at the apex of this hierarchy and are historically some of the most well studied stem cells in humans and laboratory models, with haematopoiesis being the original system to define functional cell types by cell surface markers. Whilst it is possible to isolate HSCs to near purity, we know very little about the functional activity of markers to purify HSCs. This review will focus on the historical efforts to purify HSCs in humans based on cell surface markers, their putative functions and recent advances in finding functional markers on HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - William Grey
- *Correspondence: Katherine S. Bridge, ; William Grey,
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7
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Liver Regeneration by Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Have We Reached the End of the Road? Cells 2022; 11:cells11152312. [PMID: 35954155 PMCID: PMC9367594 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the organ with the highest regenerative capacity in the human body. However, various insults, including viral infections, alcohol or drug abuse, and metabolic overload, may cause chronic inflammation and fibrosis, leading to irreversible liver dysfunction. Despite advances in surgery and pharmacological treatments, liver diseases remain a leading cause of death worldwide. To address the shortage of donor liver organs for orthotopic liver transplantation, cell therapy in liver disease has emerged as a promising regenerative treatment. Sources include primary hepatocytes or functional hepatocytes generated from the reprogramming of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Different types of stem cells have also been employed for transplantation to trigger regeneration, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) as well as adult and fetal liver progenitor cells. HSCs, usually defined by the expression of CD34 and CD133, and MSCs, defined by the expression of CD105, CD73, and CD90, are attractive sources due to their autologous nature, ease of isolation and cryopreservation. The present review focuses on the use of bone marrow HSCs for liver regeneration, presenting evidence for an ongoing crosstalk between the hematopoietic and the hepatic system. This relationship commences during embryogenesis when the fetal liver emerges as the crossroads between the two systems converging the presence of different origins of cells (mesoderm and endoderm) in the same organ. Ample evidence indicates that the fetal liver supports the maturation and expansion of HSCs during development but also later on in life. Moreover, the fact that the adult liver remains one of the few sites for extramedullary hematopoiesis—albeit pathological—suggests that this relationship between the two systems is ongoing. Can, however, the hematopoietic system offer similar support to the liver? The majority of clinical studies using hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with liver disease report favourable observations. The underlying mechanism—whether paracrine, fusion or transdifferentiation or a combination of the three—remains to be confirmed.
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8
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Anjos-Afonso F, Buettner F, Mian SA, Rhys H, Perez-Lloret J, Garcia-Albornoz M, Rastogi N, Ariza-McNaughton L, Bonnet D. Single cell analyses identify a highly regenerative and homogenous human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell population. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2048. [PMID: 35440586 PMCID: PMC9018830 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29675-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous nature of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has hampered our understanding of the cellular and molecular trajectories that HSCs navigate during lineage commitment. Using various platforms including single cell RNA-sequencing and extensive xenotransplantation, we have uncovered an uncharacterized human CD34+ HSC population. These CD34+EPCR+(CD38/CD45RA)- (simply as EPCR+) HSCs have a high repopulating and self-renewal abilities, reaching a stem cell frequency of ~1 in 3 cells, the highest described to date. Their unique transcriptomic wiring in which many gene modules associated with differentiated cell lineages confers their multilineage lineage output both in vivo and in vitro. At the single cell level, EPCR+ HSCs are the most transcriptomically and functionally homogenous human HSC population defined to date and can also be easily identified in post-natal tissues. Therefore, this EPCR+ population not only offers a high human HSC resolution but also a well-structured human hematopoietic hierarchical organization at the most primitive level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Anjos-Afonso
- Haematopoietic Signalling Group, European Cancer Stem Cell Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Florian Buettner
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Syed A Mian
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Hefin Rhys
- Flow Cytometry Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | - Namrata Rastogi
- Haematopoietic Signalling Group, European Cancer Stem Cell Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Dominique Bonnet
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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9
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Christopher AC, Venkatesan V, Karuppusamy KV, Srinivasan S, Babu P, Azhagiri MKK, C K, Bagchi A, Rajendiran V, Ravi NS, Kumar S, Marepally SK, Mohankumar KM, Srivastava A, Velayudhan SR, Thangavel S. Preferential expansion of human CD34+CD133+CD90+ hematopoietic stem cells enhances gene-modified cell frequency for gene therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 33:188-201. [PMID: 34486377 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CD34+CD133+CD90+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are responsible for long-term multi-lineage hematopoiesis and the high frequency of gene-modified HSCs is crucial for the success of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) gene therapy. However, the ex vivo culture and gene manipulation steps of HSPC graft preparation significantly reduce the frequency of HSCs, thus necessitating large doses of HSPCs and reagents for the manipulation. Here, we identified a combination of small molecules, Resveratrol, UM729, and SR1 that preferentially expands CD34+CD133+CD90+ HSCs over other subpopulations of adult HSPCs in ex vivo culture. The preferential expansion enriches the HSCs in ex vivo culture, enhances the adhesion and results in a 6-fold increase in the long-term engraftment in NSG mice. Further, the culture enriched HSCs are more responsive to gene modification by lentiviral transduction and gene editing, increasing the frequency of gene-modified HSCs up to 10-fold in vivo. The yield of gene-modified HSCs obtained by the culture enrichment is similar to the sort-purification of HSCs and superior to Cyclosporin-H treatment. Our study addresses a critical challenge of low frequency of gene-modified HSCs in HSPC graft by developing and demonstrating a facile HSPC culture condition that increases the frequency of gene-modified cells in vivo. This strategy will improve the outcome of HSPC gene therapy and also simplify the gene manipulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vigneshwaran Venkatesan
- Center for Stem Cell Research, 302927, Vellore, Tamil nadu, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 76793, Manipal, Karnataka, India;
| | - Karthik V Karuppusamy
- Center for Stem Cell Research, 302927, Vellore, Tamil nadu, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 76793, Manipal, Karnataka, India;
| | | | - Prathibha Babu
- Center for Stem Cell Research, 302927, Vellore, Tamil nadu, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 76793, Manipal, Karnataka, India;
| | - Manoj Kumar K Azhagiri
- Center for Stem Cell Research, 302927, Vellore, Tamil nadu, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 76793, Manipal, Karnataka, India;
| | - Karthik C
- Center for Stem Cell Research, 302927, Vellore, Tamil nadu, India;
| | - Abhirup Bagchi
- Center for Stem Cell Research, 302927, Vellore, Tamil nadu, India;
| | | | - Nithin Sam Ravi
- Center for Stem Cell Research, 302927, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, 30025, Center for Stem Cell Research, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | | | | | - Alok Srivastava
- Christian Medical College, Centre for Stem Cell Research, CMC Campus, Bagayam, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India, 632002.,Christian Medical College, Haematology, Ida Scudder Road, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, 632004;
| | | | - Saravanabhavan Thangavel
- Center for Stem Cell Research, 302927, Christian Medical College Campus Bagayam,, Vellore, Tamil nadu, India, 632002;
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10
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Aung MMK, Mills ML, Bittencourt‐Silvestre J, Keeshan K. Insights into the molecular profiles of adult and paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2253-2272. [PMID: 33421304 PMCID: PMC8410545 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a clinically and molecularly heterogeneous disease characterised by uncontrolled proliferation, block in differentiation and acquired self-renewal of hematopoietic stem and myeloid progenitor cells. This results in the clonal expansion of myeloid blasts within the bone marrow and peripheral blood. The incidence of AML increases with age, and in childhood, AML accounts for 20% of all leukaemias. Whilst there are many clinical and biological similarities between paediatric and adult AML with continuum across the age range, many characteristics of AML are associated with age of disease onset. These include chromosomal aberrations, gene mutations and differentiation lineage. Following chemotherapy, AML cells that survive and result in disease relapse exist in an altered chemoresistant state. Molecular profiling currently represents a powerful avenue of experimentation to study AML cells from adults and children pre- and postchemotherapy as a means of identifying prognostic biomarkers and targetable molecular vulnerabilities that may be age-specific. This review highlights recent advances in our knowledge of the molecular profiles with a focus on transcriptomes and metabolomes, leukaemia stem cells and chemoresistant cells in adult and paediatric AML and focus on areas that hold promise for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myint Myat Khine Aung
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research CentreInstitute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowUK
| | - Megan L. Mills
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research CentreInstitute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowUK
| | | | - Karen Keeshan
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research CentreInstitute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowUK
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11
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Engraftment of Human Hematopoietic Cells in Biomaterials Implanted in Immunodeficient Mouse Models. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2308:235-251. [PMID: 34057727 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1425-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, significant progress has been made in the development of immunodeficient mouse models that now represents the gold standard tool in stem cell biology research. The latest major improvement has been the use of biomaterials in these xenogeneic mouse models to generate human "bone marrow like" tissues, which not only provides a more relevant xenograft model but can also potentially enable us to delineate the interactions that are specific between human bone marrow cells. There are a number of biomaterials and strategies to create humanized niches in immunodeficient mouse models, and the methods can also differ significantly among various research institutes. Here, we describe a protocol to create a humanized 3D collagen-based scaffold human niche in immunodeficient mouse model(s). This humanized in vivo model provides a powerful technique for understanding the human BM microenvironment and the role it plays in the regulation of normal as well as malignant hematopoiesis.
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12
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Zeisig BB, Fung TK, Zarowiecki M, Tsai CT, Luo H, Stanojevic B, Lynn C, Leung AYH, Zuna J, Zaliova M, Bornhauser M, von Bonin M, Lenhard B, Huang S, Mufti GJ, So CWE. Functional reconstruction of human AML reveals stem cell origin and vulnerability of treatment-resistant MLL-rearranged leukemia. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabc4822. [PMID: 33627486 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc4822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance remains the major challenge for successful treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although recent mouse studies suggest that treatment response of genetically and immunophenotypically indistinguishable AML can be influenced by their different cells of origin, corresponding evidence in human disease is still largely lacking. By combining prospective disease modeling using highly purified human hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells with retrospective deconvolution study of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) from primary patient samples, we identified human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) as two distinctive origins of human AML driven by Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) gene fusions (MLL-AML). Despite LSCs from either MLL-rearranged HSCs or MLL-rearranged CMPs having a mature CD34-/lo/CD38+ immunophenotype in both a humanized mouse model and primary patient samples, the resulting AML cells exhibited contrasting responses to chemotherapy. HSC-derived MLL-AML was highly resistant to chemotherapy and expressed elevated amounts of the multispecific anion transporter ABCC3. Inhibition of ABCC3 by shRNA-mediated knockdown or with small-molecule inhibitor fidaxomicin, currently used for diarrhea associated with Clostridium difficile infection, effectively resensitized HSC-derived MLL-AML toward standard chemotherapeutic drugs. This study not only functionally established two distinctive origins of human LSCs for MLL-AML and their role in mediating chemoresistance but also identified a potential therapeutic avenue for stem cell-associated treatment resistance by repurposing a well-tolerated antidiarrhea drug already used in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd B Zeisig
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College, London SE5 9NU, UK
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Tsz Kan Fung
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College, London SE5 9NU, UK
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Magdalena Zarowiecki
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Chiou Tsun Tsai
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Huacheng Luo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Boban Stanojevic
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College, London SE5 9NU, UK
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Science, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Claire Lynn
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Anskar Y H Leung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, HKSAR, China
| | - Jan Zuna
- CLIP, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Zaliova
- CLIP, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | | | - Malte von Bonin
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Boris Lenhard
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Computational Regulatory Genomics, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, UK
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, N-5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Suming Huang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Ghulam J Mufti
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College, London SE5 9NU, UK
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Chi Wai Eric So
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College, London SE5 9NU, UK.
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
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13
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Sonoda Y. Human CD34-negative hematopoietic stem cells: The current understanding of their biological nature. Exp Hematol 2021; 96:13-26. [PMID: 33610645 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) heterogeneity and hierarchy are a current topic of interest, having major implications for clinical HSC transplantation and basic research on human HSCs. It was long believed that the most primitive HSCs in mammals, including mice and humans, were CD34 antigen positive (CD34+). However, 2 decades ago, it was reported that murine long-term multilineage reconstituting HSCs were lineage marker negative (Lin-, i.e., c-kit+Sca-1+CD34low/-), known as CD34low/- KSL cells. In contrast, human CD34- HSCs, a counterpart of murine CD34low/- KSL cells, were hard to identify for a long time mainly because of their rarity. We previously identified very primitive human cord blood (CB)-derived CD34- severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-repopulating cells (SRCs) using the intra-bone marrow injection method and proposed the new concept that CD34- SRCs (HSCs) reside at the apex of the human HSC hierarchy. Through a series of studies, we identified two positive/enrichment markers: CD133 and GPI-80. The combination of these two markers enabled the development of an ultrahigh-resolution purification method for CD34- as well as CD34+ HSCs and the successful purification of both HSCs at the single-cell level. Cell population purity is a crucial prerequisite for reliable biological and molecular analyses. Clonal analyses of highly purified human CD34- HSCs have revealed their potent megakaryocyte/erythrocyte differentiation potential. Based on these observations, we propose a revised road map for the commitment of human CB-derived CD34- HSCs. This review updates the current understanding of the stem cell nature of human CB-derived primitive CD34- as well as CD34+ HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Sonoda
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
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14
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Implications of hematopoietic stem cells heterogeneity for gene therapies. Gene Ther 2021; 28:528-541. [PMID: 33589780 PMCID: PMC8455331 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the therapeutic concept to cure the blood/immune system of patients suffering from malignancies, immunodeficiencies, red blood cell disorders, and inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. Yet, allogeneic HSCT bear considerable risks for the patient such as non-engraftment, or graft-versus host disease. Transplanting gene modified autologous HSCs is a promising approach not only for inherited blood/immune cell diseases, but also for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. However, there is emerging evidence for substantial heterogeneity of HSCs in situ as well as ex vivo that is also observed after HSCT. Thus, HSC gene modification concepts are suggested to consider that different blood disorders affect specific hematopoietic cell types. We will discuss the relevance of HSC heterogeneity for the development and manufacture of gene therapies and in exemplary diseases with a specific emphasis on the key target HSC types myeloid-biased, lymphoid-biased, and balanced HSCs.
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15
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Mian SA, Anjos-Afonso F, Bonnet D. Advances in Human Immune System Mouse Models for Studying Human Hematopoiesis and Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 11:619236. [PMID: 33603749 PMCID: PMC7884350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.619236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has established itself as a promising tool for cancer treatment. There are many challenges that remain including lack of targets and some patients across various cancers who have not shown robust clinical response. One of the major problems that have hindered the progress in the field is the dearth of appropriate mouse models that can reliably recapitulate the complexity of human immune-microenvironment as well as the malignancy itself. Immunodeficient mice reconstituted with human immune cells offer a unique opportunity to comprehensively evaluate immunotherapeutic strategies. These immunosuppressed and genetically modified mice, with some overexpressing human growth factors, have improved human hematopoietic engraftment as well as created more functional immune cell development in primary and secondary lymphoid tissues in these mice. In addition, several new approaches to modify or to add human niche elements to further humanize these immunodeficient mice have allowed a more precise characterization of human hematopoiesis. These important refinements have opened the possibility to evaluate not only human immune responses to different tumor cells but also to investigate how malignant cells interact with their niche and most importantly to test immunotherapies in a more preclinically relevant setting, which can ultimately lead to better success of these drugs in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed A Mian
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Haematology, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando Anjos-Afonso
- Haematopoietic Signalling Group, European Cancer Stem Cell Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Yu H, Hu W, Song X, Zhao Y. Notch-HEY2 signaling pathway contributes to the differentiation of CD34 + hematopoietic-like stem cells from adult peripheral blood insulin-producing cells after the treatment with platelet-derived mitochondria. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8347-8352. [PMID: 32997309 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous works characterized a novel cell population from adult human peripheral blood, designated peripheral blood insulin-producing cells (PB-IPC). PB-IPC displayed the pluripotent potential of differentiations after the treatment with platelet-derived mitochondria and gave rise to three germ layer-derived cells such as the mitochondrion-induced CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC)-like cells (miCD34+ HSC). To determine the molecular mechanism underlying the differentiation of miCD34+ cells, mechanistic studies established that MitoTracker Deep Red-labeled mitochondria could enter into the PB-IPC in a dose-dependent manner. Blocking Notch signaling pathway with a γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT, markedly inhibited the proliferation of PB-IPC and improved the differentiation of miCD34+ HSC. Additionally, treatment with platelet-derived mitochondria can reprogram the differentiation of PB-IPC into miCD34+ HSC through inhibition of the Notch/HEY2 signaling pathway, as demonstrated by blocking experiments with HEY2 small interfering RNA (siRNA). The data indicated that Notch signaling pathway contributes to the miCD34+ HSC differentiation, thus advancing our understanding of the mitochondrial reprogramming and the potential treatment of human hematopoietic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yu
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - Xiang Song
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - Yong Zhao
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA.
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17
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Peuß R, Box AC, Chen S, Wang Y, Tsuchiya D, Persons JL, Kenzior A, Maldonado E, Krishnan J, Scharsack JP, Slaughter BD, Rohner N. Adaptation to low parasite abundance affects immune investment and immunopathological responses of cavefish. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:1416-1430. [PMID: 32690906 PMCID: PMC11062081 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reduced parasitic infection rates in the developed world are suspected to underlie the rising prevalence of autoimmune disorders. However, the long-term evolutionary consequences of decreased parasite exposure on an immune system are not well understood. We used the Mexican tetra Astyanax mexicanus to understand how loss of parasite diversity influences the evolutionary trajectory of the vertebrate immune system, by comparing river with cave morphotypes. Here, we present field data affirming a strong reduction in parasite diversity in the cave ecosystem, and show that cavefish immune cells display a more sensitive pro-inflammatory response towards bacterial endotoxins. Surprisingly, other innate cellular immune responses, such as phagocytosis, are drastically decreased in cavefish. Using two independent single-cell approaches, we identified a shift in the overall immune cell composition in cavefish as the underlying cellular mechanism, indicating strong differences in the immune investment strategy. While surface fish invest evenly into the innate and adaptive immune systems, cavefish shifted immune investment to the adaptive immune system, and here, mainly towards specific T-cell populations that promote homeostasis. Additionally, inflammatory responses and immunopathological phenotypes in visceral adipose tissue are drastically reduced in cavefish. Our data indicate that long-term adaptation to low parasite diversity coincides with a more sensitive immune system in cavefish, which is accompanied by a reduction in the immune cells that play a role in mediating the pro-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Peuß
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.
| | - Andrew C Box
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Shiyuan Chen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Yongfu Wang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Dai Tsuchiya
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jenna L Persons
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Ernesto Maldonado
- EvoDevo Research Group, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jaya Krishnan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jörn P Scharsack
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | - Nicolas Rohner
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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18
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Generation of Hematopoietic-Like Stem Cells from Adult Human Peripheral Blood Following Treatment with Platelet-Derived Mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124249. [PMID: 32549211 PMCID: PMC7352808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells represent a potential source for cellular therapy to treat serious human diseases. We characterized the insulin-producing cells from adult peripheral blood (designated PB-IPC), which displayed a unique phenotype. Mitochondria are normally located in the cellular cytoplasm, where they generate ATP to power the cell’s functions. Ex vivo and in vivo functional studies established that treatment with platelet-derived mitochondria can reprogram the transformation of adult PB-IPC into functional CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC)-like cells, leading to the production of blood cells such as T cells, B cells, monocytes/macrophages, granulocytes, red blood cells, and megakaryocytes (MKs)/platelets. These findings revealed a novel function of mitochondria in directly contributing to cellular reprogramming, thus overcoming the limitations and safety concerns of using conventional technologies to reprogram embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells in regenerative medicine.
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19
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Hughes MR, Canals Hernaez D, Cait J, Refaeli I, Lo BC, Roskelley CD, McNagny KM. A sticky wicket: Defining molecular functions for CD34 in hematopoietic cells. Exp Hematol 2020; 86:1-14. [PMID: 32422232 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The CD34 cell surface antigen is widely expressed in tissues on cells with progenitor-like properties and on mature vascular endothelia. In adult human bone marrow, CD34 marks hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) starting from the bulk of hematopoietic stem cells with long-term repopulating potential (LT-HSCs) throughout expansion and differentiation of oligopotent and unipotent progenitors. CD34 protein surface expression is typically lost as cells mature into terminal effectors. Because of this expression pattern of HSPCs, CD34 has had a central role in the evaluation or selection of donor graft tissue in HSC transplant (HSCT). Given its clinical importance, it is surprising that the biological functions of CD34 are still poorly understood. This enigma is due, in part, to CD34's context-specific role as both a pro-adhesive and anti-adhesive molecule and its potential functional redundancy with other sialomucins. Moreover, there are also critical differences in the regulation of CD34 expression on HSPCs in humans and experimental mice. In this review, we highlight some of the more well-defined functions of CD34 in HSPCs with a focus on proposed functions most relevant to HSCT biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hughes
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Diana Canals Hernaez
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jessica Cait
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ido Refaeli
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bernard C Lo
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Calvin D Roskelley
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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20
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Kinstrie R, Horne GA, Morrison H, Irvine D, Munje C, Castañeda EG, Moka HA, Dunn K, Cassels JE, Parry N, Clarke CJ, Scott MT, Clark RE, Holyoake TL, Wheadon H, Copland M. CD93 is expressed on chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells and identifies a quiescent population which persists after tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Leukemia 2020; 34:1613-1625. [PMID: 31896780 PMCID: PMC7272220 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0684-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). A major clinical aim remains the identification and elimination of low-level disease persistence, termed "minimal residual disease". The phenomenon of disease persistence suggests that despite targeted therapeutic approaches, BCR-ABL-independent mechanisms exist which sustain the survival of leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Although other markers of a primitive CML LSC population have been identified in the preclinical setting, only CD26 appears to offer clinical utility. Here we demonstrate consistent and selective expression of CD93 on a lin-CD34+CD38-CD90+ CML LSC population and show in vitro and in vivo data to suggest increased stem cell characteristics, as well as robust engraftment in patient-derived xenograft models in comparison with a CD93- CML stem/progenitor cell population, which fails to engraft. Through bulk and single-cell analyses of selected stem cell and cell survival-specific genes, we confirmed the quiescent character and demonstrate their persistence in a population of CML patient samples who demonstrate molecular relapse on TKI withdrawal. Taken together, our results identify that CD93 is consistently and selectively expressed on a lin-CD34+CD38-CD90+ CML LSC population with stem cell characteristics and may be an important indicator in determining poor TKI responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Kinstrie
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gillian A Horne
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Heather Morrison
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Irvine
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chinmay Munje
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eduardo Gómez Castañeda
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hothri A Moka
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Dunn
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jennifer E Cassels
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Narissa Parry
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Cassie J Clarke
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mary T Scott
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard E Clark
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tessa L Holyoake
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Helen Wheadon
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mhairi Copland
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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21
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Mejia-Ramirez E, Florian MC. Understanding intrinsic hematopoietic stem cell aging. Haematologica 2019; 105:22-37. [PMID: 31806687 PMCID: PMC6939535 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.211342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) sustain blood production over the entire life-span of an organism. It is of extreme importance that these cells maintain self-renewal and differentiation potential over time in order to preserve homeostasis of the hematopoietic system. Many of the intrinsic aspects of HSC are affected by the aging process resulting in a deterioration in their potential, independently of their microenvironment. Here we review recent findings characterizing most of the intrinsic aspects of aged HSC, ranging from phenotypic to molecular alterations. Historically, DNA damage was thought to be the main cause of HSC aging. However, over recent years, many new findings have defined an increasing number of biological processes that intrinsically change with age in HSC. Epigenetics and chromatin architecture, together with autophagy, proteostasis and metabolic changes, and how they are interconnected, are acquiring growing importance for understanding the intrinsic aging of stem cells. Given the increase in populations of older subjects worldwide, and considering that aging is the primary risk factor for most diseases, understanding HSC aging becomes particularly relevant also in the context of hematologic disorders, such as myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. Research on intrinsic mechanisms responsible for HSC aging is providing, and will continue to provide, new potential molecular targets to possibly ameliorate or delay aging of the hematopoietic system and consequently improve the outcome of hematologic disorders in the elderly. The niche-dependent contributions to hematopoietic aging are discussed in another review in this same issue of the Journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mejia-Ramirez
- Center for Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Maria Carolina Florian
- Center for Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain .,Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany EM-R and MCF contributed equally to this work
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22
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Feder K, Edmaier-Schröger K, Rawat VPS, Kirsten N, Metzeler K, Kraus JM, Döhner K, Döhner H, Kestler HA, Feuring-Buske M, Buske C. Differences in expression and function of LEF1 isoforms in normal versus leukemic hematopoiesis. Leukemia 2019; 34:1027-1037. [DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Wu Y, Hu Y, Yu X, Zhang Y, Huang X, Chen S, Li Y, Zeng C. TAL1 mediates imatinib-induced CML cell apoptosis via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:234-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Dao FT, Yang L, Wang YZ, Chang Y, Jiang Q, Jiang H, Liu YR, Huang XJ, Qin YZ. [Characteristic and prognostic significance of leukemia stem cells associated antigens expressions in t (8;21) acute myeloid leukemia]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2019; 40:831-836. [PMID: 31775482 PMCID: PMC7364990 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the characteristic and prognostic significance of leukemia stem cells associated antigens expressions including CD34, CD38, CD123, CD96 and TIM-3 in t (8;21) AML. Methods: Bone marrow samples of 47 t (8;21) AML patients were collected at diagnosis from October 2015 to April 2018 in Peking University Peoples' Hospital, then flow cytometry method was performed to detect the expression frequencies of CD34, CD38, CD123, CD96 and TIM-3 to analyze the relationship between leukemia stem cells associated antigens expressions and relapse. Results: Of 47 t (8;21) AML patients tested, the median percentages of CD34(+)CD38(-), CD34(+) CD38(-)CD123(+), CD34(+)CD38(-) CD96(+) and CD34(+) CD38(-) TIM-3(+) cells among nucleated cells were 2.37%, 0.24%, 0.27% and 0.06%, respectively. All the frequencies of CD34(+)CD38(-), CD34(+)CD38(-)CD123(+), CD34(+)CD38(-)CD96(+) and CD34(+) CD38(-)TIM-3(+) cells had no impact on the achievement of CR after the first course of induction. All higher frequencies of CD34(+)CD38(-), CD34(+)CD38(-)CD123(+), CD34(+)CD38(-)CD96(+) cells were related to higher 2-year CIR rate. Whereas, the frequency of CD34(+) CD38(-) TIM-3(+) cells had no impact on CIR rate. Both high frequency of CD34(+) CD38(-) cells and the high level of minimal residual diseases (patients with <3-log reduction in the RUNX1-RUNX1T1 transcript level after the second consolidation therapy) were independent poor prognostic factors of CIR[P=0.025, HR=6.9 (95%CI 1.3-37.4) ; P=0.031, HR=11.1 (95%CI 1.2-99.2) ]. Conclusion: Different leukemia stem cells associated antigens had distinct prognostic significance in t (8;21) AML. High frequencies of CD34(+) CD38(-), CD34(+) CD38(-) CD123(+) and CD34(+)CD38(-)CD96(+) cells at diagnosis predicted relapse in patients with t (8;21) AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T Dao
- Peking University Peoples'Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing 100044, China
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25
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Zhang J, Ghosh J, Mohamad SF, Zhang C, Huang X, Capitano ML, Gunawan AM, Cooper S, Guo B, Cai Q, Broxmeyer HE, Srour EF. CD166 Engagement Augments Mouse and Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Function via Activation of Stemness and Cell Cycle Pathways. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1319-1330. [PMID: 31260147 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem (HSC) and progenitor (HPC) cells are regulated by interacting signals and cellular and noncellular elements of the hematopoietic niche. We previously showed that CD166 is a functional marker of murine and human HSC and of cellular components of the murine niche. Selection of murine CD166+ engrafting HSC enriched for marrow repopulating cells. Here, we demonstrate that CD166-CD166 homophilic interactions enhance generation of murine and human HPC in vitro and augment hematopoietic function of these cells. Interactions between cultured CD166+ Lineage- Sca-1+ c-Kit+ (LSK) cells and CD166+ osteoblasts (OBs) significantly enhanced the expansion of colony-forming units (CFUs). Interactions between CD166+ LSK cells and immobilized CD166 protein generated more CFU in short-term cultures than between these cells and bovine serum albumin (BSA) or in cultures initiated with CD166- LSK cells. Similar results were obtained when LSK cells from wildtype (WT) or CD166 knockout (KO) (CD166-/- ) mice were used with immobilized CD166. Human cord blood CD34+ cells expressing CD166 produced significantly higher numbers of CFUs following interaction with immobilized CD166 than their CD166- counterparts. These data demonstrate the positive effects of CD166 homophilic interactions involving CD166 on the surface of murine and human HPCs. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of CD150+ CD48- (signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)) LSK cells from WT and CD166-/- mice incubated with immobilized CD166 protein revealed that engagement of CD166 on these cells activates cytokine, growth factor and hormone signaling, epigenetic pathways, and other genes implicated in maintenance of stem cell pluripotency-related and mitochondria-related signaling pathways. These studies provide tangible evidence implicating CD166 engagement in the maintenance of stem/progenitor cell function. Stem Cells 2019;37:1319-1330.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Joydeep Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Safa F Mohamad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Maegan L Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Andrea M Gunawan
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Scott Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Qingchun Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Edward F Srour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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26
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Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Concepts and Perspectives on the Biology and Use of Fresh Versus In Vitro–Generated Cells for Therapeutic Applications. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-019-00162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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27
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Moshaver B, Wouters RF, Kelder A, Ossenkoppele GJ, Westra GAH, Kwidama Z, Rutten AR, Kaspers GJL, Zweegman S, Cloos J, Schuurhuis GJ. Relationship between CD34/CD38 and side population (SP) defined leukemia stem cell compartments in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2019; 81:27-34. [PMID: 31002948 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Leukemic stem cells (LSCs), defined by CD34/CD38 expression, are believed to be essential for leukemia initiation and therapy resistance in acute myeloid leukemia. In addition, the side population (SP), characterized by high Hoechst 33342 efflux, reflecting therapy resistance, has leukemia initiating ability. The purpose of this study is, in both CD34-positive and CD34-negative AML, to integrate both types of LSC compartment into a new more restricted definition. Different CD34/CD38/SP defined putative LSC and normal hematopoietic compartments, with neoplastic or normal nature, respectively, were thus identified after cell sorting, and confirmed by FISH/PCR. Stem cell activity was assessed in the long-term liquid culture stem cell assay. SP fractions harbored the strongest functional stem cell activity in both normal and neoplastic cells in both CD34-positive and CD34-negative AML. Overall, inclusion of SP fraction decreased the size of the putative CD34/CD38 defined LSC compartment by a factor >500. For example, for the important CD34+CD38- LSC compartment, the median SP/CD34+CD38- frequency was 5.1 per million WBC (CD34-positive AML), and median SP/CD34-CD38+ frequency (CD34-negative AML) was 1796 per million WBC. Improved detection of LSC may enable identification of therapy resistant clones, and thereby identification of novel LSC specific, HSC sparing, therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Moshaver
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rolf F Wouters
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Angèle Kelder
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gert J Ossenkoppele
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guus A H Westra
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zinia Kwidama
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arjo R Rutten
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gert J L Kaspers
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sonja Zweegman
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J Schuurhuis
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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28
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Klamer SE, Dorland YL, Kleijer M, Geerts D, Lento WE, van der Schoot CE, von Lindern M, Voermans C. TGFBI Expressed by Bone Marrow Niche Cells and Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Regulates Hematopoiesis. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1494-1506. [PMID: 30084753 PMCID: PMC6209430 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with extracellular matrix (ECM) components and cells from the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment control their homeostasis. Regenerative BM conditions can induce expression of the ECM protein transforming growth factor beta-induced gene H3 (TGFBI or BIGH3) in murine HSPCs. In this study, we examined how increased or reduced TGFBI expression in human HSPCs and BM mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) affects HSPC maintenance, differentiation, and migration. HSPCs that overexpressed TGFBI showed accelerated megakaryopoiesis, whereas granulocyte differentiation and proliferation of granulocyte, erythrocyte, and monocyte cultures were reduced. In addition, both upregulation and downregulation of TGFBI expression impaired HSPC colony-forming capacity of HSPCs. Interestingly, the colony-forming capacity of HSPCs with reduced TGFBI levels was increased after long-term co-culture with MSCs, as measured by long-term culture-colony forming cell (LTC-CFC) formation. Moreover, TGFBI downregulation in HSPCs resulted in increased cobblestone area-forming cell (CAFC) frequency, a measure for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) capacity. Concordantly, TGFBI upregulation in HSPCs resulted in a decrease of CAFC and LTC-CFC frequency. These results indicate that reduced TGFBI levels in HSPCs enhanced HSC maintenance, but only in the presence of MSCs. In addition, reduced levels of TGFBI in MSCs affected MSC/HSPC interaction, as observed by an increased migration of HSPCs under the stromal layer. In conclusion, tight regulation of TGFBI expression in the BM niche is essential for balanced HSPC proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofieke E Klamer
- 1 Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne L Dorland
- 2 Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Kleijer
- 1 Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Geerts
- 3 Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - William E Lento
- 4 Department of Pharmacology, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- 5 Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, the Netherlands .,6 Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke von Lindern
- 1 Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carlijn Voermans
- 1 Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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29
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Human Normal Haematopoetic Stem Cell Heterogeneity. Exp Hematol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Grace CS, Mikkola HKA, Dou DR, Calvanese V, Ronn RE, Purton LE. Protagonist or antagonist? The complex roles of retinoids in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells and their specification from pluripotent stem cells. Exp Hematol 2018; 65:1-16. [PMID: 29981365 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.06.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent cells responsible for the maintenance of the hematopoietic system throughout life. Dysregulation of the balance in HSC self-renewal, death, and differentiation can have serious consequences such as myelodysplastic syndromes or leukemia. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the biologically active metabolite of vitamin A/RA, has been shown to have pleiotropic effects on hematopoietic cells, enhancing HSC self-renewal while also increasing differentiation of more mature progenitors. Furthermore, ATRA has been shown to have key roles in regulating the specification and formation of hematopoietic cells from pluripotent stem cells including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here, we summarize the known roles of vitamin A and RA receptors in the regulation of hematopoiesis from HSCs, ES, and iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clea S Grace
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hanna K A Mikkola
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Diana R Dou
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vincenzo Calvanese
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roger E Ronn
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Louise E Purton
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
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31
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ASXL1/EZH2 mutations promote clonal expansion of neoplastic HSC and impair erythropoiesis in PMF. Leukemia 2018; 33:99-109. [PMID: 29907810 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disease, characterized by aberrant differentiation of all myeloid lineages and profound disruption of the bone marrow niche. PMF samples carry several mutations, but their cell origin and hierarchy in regulating the different waves of clonal and aberrant myeloproliferation from the prime HSC compartment is poorly understood. Genotyping of >2000 colonies from CD133+HSC and progenitors from PMF patients confirmed the complex genetic heterogeneity within the neoplastic population. Notably, mutations in chromatin regulators ASXL1 and/or EZH2 were identified as the first genetic lesions, preceding both JAK2-V617F and CALR mutations, and are thus drivers of clonal myelopoiesis in a PMF subset. HSC from PMF patients with double ASXL1/EZH2 mutations exhibited significantly higher engraftment in immunodeficient mice than those from patients without histone modifier mutations. EZH2 mutations correlate with aberrant erythropoiesis in PMF patients, exemplified by impaired maturation and cell cycle arrest of erythroid progenitors. These data underscore the importance of post-transcriptional modifiers of histones in neoplastic stem cells, whose clonal growth sustains aberrant myelopoiesis and expansion of pre-leukemic clones in PMF.
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32
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Sumide K, Matsuoka Y, Kawamura H, Nakatsuka R, Fujioka T, Asano H, Takihara Y, Sonoda Y. A revised road map for the commitment of human cord blood CD34-negative hematopoietic stem cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2202. [PMID: 29875383 PMCID: PMC5989201 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified CD34-negative (CD34-) severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-repopulating cells as primitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in human cord blood. In this study, we develop a prospective ultra-high-resolution purification method by applying two positive markers, CD133 and GPI-80. Using this method, we succeed in purifying single long-term repopulating CD34- HSCs with self-renewing capability residing at the apex of the human HSC hierarchy from cord blood, as evidenced by a single-cell-initiated serial transplantation analysis. The gene expression profiles of individual CD34+ and CD34- HSCs and a global gene expression analysis demonstrate the unique molecular signature of CD34- HSCs. We find that the purified CD34- HSCs show a potent megakaryocyte/erythrocyte differentiation potential in vitro and in vivo. Megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitors may thus be generated directly via a bypass route from the CD34- HSCs. Based on these data, we propose a revised road map for the commitment of human CD34- HSCs in cord blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sumide
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuoka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawamura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nakatsuka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fujioka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Asano
- School of Nursing, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takihara
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Hiroshima, Japan
- Japanese Red Cross Osaka Blood Center, Osaka, 536-0025, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sonoda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan.
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33
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Laurenti E, Göttgens B. From haematopoietic stem cells to complex differentiation landscapes. Nature 2018; 553:418-426. [PMID: 29364285 PMCID: PMC6555401 DOI: 10.1038/nature25022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 484] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of mature blood cells from haematopoietic stem cells has long served as a model for stem-cell research, with the haematopoietic differentiation tree being widely used as a model for the maintenance of hierarchically organized tissues. Recent results and new technologies have challenged the demarcations between stem and progenitor cell populations, the timing of cell-fate choices and the contribution of stem and multipotent progenitor cells to the maintenance of steady-state blood production. These evolving views of haematopoiesis have broad implications for our understanding of the functions of adult stem cells, as well as the development of new therapies for malignant and non-malignant haematopoietic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Laurenti
- Department of Haematology and Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology and Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge UK
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34
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Mizuno S, Iino T, Ozawa H, Arinobu Y, Chong Y, Akashi K. Notch1 expression is regulated at the post-transcriptional level by the 3' untranslated region in hematopoietic stem cell development. Int J Hematol 2017; 107:311-319. [PMID: 29098541 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In hematopoiesis, the expression of critical genes is regulated in a stage-specific manner to maintain normal hematopoiesis. Notch1 is an essential gene involved in the commitment and development of the T-cell lineage. However, the regulation of Notch1 in hematopoiesis is controversial, particularly at the level of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). Here, we found that the expression of Notch1 is controlled at the post-transcriptional level in HSCs. HSCs express a considerable level of Notch1 mRNA, but its protein level is very low, suggesting a post-transcriptional suppression for Notch1. Using a retroviral sensor vector expressing a fusion mRNA of GFP and 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of a target gene, we demonstrated that the Notch1-3'UTR had a post-translational suppressive effect only at the HSC but not in the downstream progenitor stages. The sequence motif AUnA was required for this post-transcriptional regulation by the Notch1-3'UTR. Interestingly, this Notch1-3'UTR-mediated suppressive effect was relieved when HSCs were placed in the thymus, but not in the bone marrow. Thus, the expression of Notch1 in HSCs is regulated by microenvironment at the post-transcriptional level, which may control T lymphoid lineage commitment from HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Mizuno
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Tadafumi Iino
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Hidetoshi Ozawa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Yojiro Arinobu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Yong Chong
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. .,Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. .,Center for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan. .,Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA.
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35
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Reeve RL, Yammine SZ, Morshead CM, van der Kooy D. Quiescent Oct4 + Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) Repopulate Ablated Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein + NSCs in the Adult Mouse Brain. Stem Cells 2017; 35:2071-2082. [PMID: 28733998 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Adult primitive neural stem cells (pNSCs) are a rare population of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)- Oct4+ cells in the mouse forebrain subependymal zone bordering the lateral ventricles that give rise to clonal neurospheres in leukemia inhibitory factor in vitro. pNSC neurospheres can be passaged to self-renew or give rise to GFAP+ NSCs that form neurospheres in epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2, which we collectively refer to as definitive NSCs (dNSCs). Label retention experiments using doxycycline-inducible histone-2B (H2B)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice and several chase periods of up to 1 year quantified the adult pNSC cell cycle time as 3-5 months. We hypothesized that while pNSCs are not very proliferative at baseline, they may exist as a reserve pool of NSCs in case of injury. To test this function of pNSCs, we obtained conditional Oct4 knockout mice, Oct4fl/fl ;Sox1Cre (Oct4CKO ), which do not yield adult pNSC-derived neurospheres. When we ablated the progeny of pNSCs, namely all GFAP+ dNSCs, in these Oct4CKO mice, we found that dNSCs did not recover as they do in wild-type mice, suggesting that pNSCs are necessary for dNSC repopulation. Returning to the H2B-GFP mice, we observed that the cytosine β-d-arabinofuranoside ablation of proliferating cells including dNSCs-induced quiescent pNSCs to proliferate and significantly dilute their H2B-GFP label. In conclusion, we demonstrate that pNSCs are the most quiescent stem cells in the adult brain reported to date and that their lineage position upstream of GFAP+ dNSCs allows them to repopulate a depleted neural lineage. Stem Cells 2017;35:2071-2082.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Reeve
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Samantha Z Yammine
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Derek van der Kooy
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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36
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Lampreia FP, Carmelo JG, Anjos-Afonso F. Notch Signaling in the Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cell. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2017; 3:202-209. [PMID: 28845387 PMCID: PMC5548842 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-017-0090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Understanding the signaling pathways that govern hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is fundamental to uncover their regulation and how this is skewed in hematological malignancies. Whether Notch is necessary for the regulation of mammalian HSPCs is still unclear. We therefore critically review the current literature on the role of Notch in HSPCs. Recent Findings HSPCs have shown different requirements for Notch signals in vitro and in vivo and at different stages of differentiation. Additionally, bone marrow niche cells activate Notch signaling in HSPCs enhancing their regenerative and self-renewal capacity. Summary Despite the controversy, adequate levels of Notch signaling appear necessary to avoid the development of hematological malignancies. Contrary to early studies, recent research suggests that Notch signaling may play a role in homeostatic and regenerative hematopoiesis but further investigation is necessary to understand how it is regulated by the different ligand/receptor pairings and the molecular mechanisms that are triggered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Pereira Lampreia
- Haematopoietic Signalling Group, European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
| | - Joana Gonçalves Carmelo
- Haematopoietic Signalling Group, European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049–001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Anjos-Afonso
- Haematopoietic Signalling Group, European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
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37
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Yang J, Tanaka Y, Seay M, Li Z, Jin J, Garmire LX, Zhu X, Taylor A, Li W, Euskirchen G, Halene S, Kluger Y, Snyder MP, Park IH, Pan X, Weissman SM. Single cell transcriptomics reveals unanticipated features of early hematopoietic precursors. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:1281-1296. [PMID: 28003475 PMCID: PMC5388401 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular changes underlying stem cell differentiation are of fundamental interest. scRNA-seq on murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and their progeny MPP1 separated the cells into 3 main clusters with distinct features: active, quiescent, and an un-characterized cluster. Induction of anemia resulted in mobilization of the quiescent to the active cluster and of the early to later stage of cell cycle, with marked increase in expression of certain transcription factors (TFs) while maintaining expression of interferon response genes. Cells with surface markers of long term HSC increased the expression of a group of TFs expressed highly in normal cycling MPP1 cells. However, at least Id1 and Hes1 were significantly activated in both HSC and MPP1 cells in anemic mice. Lineage-specific genes were differently expressed between cells, and correlated with the cell cycle stages with a specific augmentation of erythroid related genes in the G2/M phase. Most lineage specific TFs were stochastically expressed in the early precursor cells, but a few, such as Klf1, were detected only at very low levels in few precursor cells. The activation of these factors may correlate with stages of differentiation. This study reveals effects of cell cycle progression on the expression of lineage specific genes in precursor cells, and suggests that hematopoietic stress changes the balance of renewal and differentiation in these homeostatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Yang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Montrell Seay
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lana Xia Garmire
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, HI, USA
| | - Xun Zhu
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, HI, USA
| | - Ashley Taylor
- Hematology, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,JiangXi Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Ghia Euskirchen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo, Alto, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Halene
- Hematology, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuval Kluger
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo, Alto, CA, USA
| | - In-Hyun Park
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
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Zhu LF, Xiao M, Chen YQ, Wang LY, Luo XF, Yuan XH, Ren JH, Chen ZZ, Hu JD, Yang T. In vitro effects of reprogramming factors on the expressions of pluripotent genes and CD 34 gene in human acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Genomics 2017; 109:331-335. [PMID: 28533192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aims to explore the in vitro effects of reprogramming factors on the expressions of pluripotent genes and CD34 gene in HL-60 cells. METHODS According to the construction of lentiviral vector LV-OSCK of reprogramming factors (Oct-4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc), 293T cells were transfected to detect virus titer. The endogenous pluripotent genes (Oct4, SOX2, c-Myc and Klf4) and CD34 mRNA and protein expressions were detected by AP staining, immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR and flow cytometry. RESULTS Expressions of Oct4, SOX2, c-Myc and Klf4 were 0.220±0.013, 0.186±0.009, 0.287±0.015 and 0.153±0.007. These levels were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control and blank groups. CD34 protein expression in the experimental group was also discovered to be significantly higher than the other two groups. CONCLUSION The reprogramming factors could increase the expressions of pluripotent genes and CD34 gene in HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Fang Zhu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Min Xiao
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Yong-Quan Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Ling-Yan Wang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Xiao-Feng Luo
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yuan
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Jin-Hua Ren
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Zhi-Zhe Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Jian-Da Hu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Ting Yang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China.
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Anjos-Afonso F, Loizou JI, Bradburn A, Kanu N, Purewal S, Da Costa C, Bonnet D, Behrens A. Perturbed hematopoiesis in mice lacking ATMIN. Blood 2016; 128:2017-2021. [PMID: 27581360 PMCID: PMC5147016 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-09-672980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-interacting protein ATMIN mediates noncanonical ATM signaling in response to oxidative and replicative stress conditions. Like ATM, ATMIN can function as a tumor suppressor in the hematopoietic system: deletion of Atmin under the control of CD19-Cre results in B-cell lymphomas in aging mice. ATM signaling is essential for lymphopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function; however, little is known about the role of ATMIN in hematopoiesis. We thus sought to investigate whether the absence of ATMIN would affect primitive hematopoietic cells in an ATM-dependent or -independent manner. Apart from its role in B-cell development, we show that ATMIN has an ATM-independent function in the common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) by deletion of Atmin in the entire hematopoietic system using Vav-Cre. Despite the lack of lymphoma formation, ATMIN-deficient mice developed chronic leukopenia as a result of high levels of apoptosis in B cells and CMPs and induced a compensatory mechanism in which HSCs displayed enhanced cycling. Consequently, ATMIN-deficient HSCs showed impaired regeneration ability with the induction of the DNA oxidative stress response, especially when aged. ATMIN, therefore, has multiple roles in different cell types, and its absence results in perturbed hematopoiesis, especially during stress conditions and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Anjos-Afonso
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
- Haematopoietic Signalling Group, European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna I Loizou
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amy Bradburn
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nnennaya Kanu
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sukhveer Purewal
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Clive Da Costa
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Behrens
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
- Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Benetatos L, Vartholomatos G. On the potential role of DNMT1 in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes: not another mutated epigenetic driver. Ann Hematol 2016; 95:1571-82. [PMID: 26983918 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-016-2636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is the most common epigenetic modification in the mammalian genome. DNA methylation is governed by the DNA methyltransferases mainly DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B. DNMT1 methylates hemimethylated DNA ensuring accurate DNA methylation maintenance. DNMT1 is involved in the proper differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through the interaction with effector molecules. DNMT1 is deregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) as early as the leukemic stem cell stage. Through the interaction with fundamental transcription factors, non-coding RNAs, fusion oncogenes and by modulating core members of signaling pathways, it can affect leukemic cells biology. DNMT1 action might be also catalytic-independent highlighting a methylation-independent mode of action. In this review, we have gathered some current facts of DNMT1 role in AML and MDS and we also propose some perspectives for future studies.
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GPI-80 expression highly purifies human cord blood-derived primitive CD34-negative hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2016; 128:2258-2260. [PMID: 27625361 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-03-704668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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42
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Quek L, Otto GW, Garnett C, Lhermitte L, Karamitros D, Stoilova B, Lau IJ, Doondeea J, Usukhbayar B, Kennedy A, Metzner M, Goardon N, Ivey A, Allen C, Gale R, Davies B, Sternberg A, Killick S, Hunter H, Cahalin P, Price A, Carr A, Griffiths M, Virgo P, Mackinnon S, Grimwade D, Freeman S, Russell N, Craddock C, Mead A, Peniket A, Porcher C, Vyas P. Genetically distinct leukemic stem cells in human CD34- acute myeloid leukemia are arrested at a hemopoietic precursor-like stage. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1513-35. [PMID: 27377587 PMCID: PMC4986529 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quek and colleagues identify human leukemic stem cells (LSCs) present in CD34− AML. In-depth characterization of the functional and clonal aspects of CD34− LSCs indicates that most are similar to myeloid precursors. Our understanding of the perturbation of normal cellular differentiation hierarchies to create tumor-propagating stem cell populations is incomplete. In human acute myeloid leukemia (AML), current models suggest transformation creates leukemic stem cell (LSC) populations arrested at a progenitor-like stage expressing cell surface CD34. We show that in ∼25% of AML, with a distinct genetic mutation pattern where >98% of cells are CD34−, there are multiple, nonhierarchically arranged CD34+ and CD34− LSC populations. Within CD34− and CD34+ LSC–containing populations, LSC frequencies are similar; there are shared clonal structures and near-identical transcriptional signatures. CD34− LSCs have disordered global transcription profiles, but these profiles are enriched for transcriptional signatures of normal CD34− mature granulocyte–macrophage precursors, downstream of progenitors. But unlike mature precursors, LSCs express multiple normal stem cell transcriptional regulators previously implicated in LSC function. This suggests a new refined model of the relationship between LSCs and normal hemopoiesis in which the nature of genetic/epigenetic changes determines the disordered transcriptional program, resulting in LSC differentiation arrest at stages that are most like either progenitor or precursor stages of hemopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Quek
- Medical Research Council, Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England, UK Department of Hematology, Oxford University Hospital National Health Service Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, England, UK
| | - Georg W Otto
- Medical Research Council, Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England, UK
| | - Catherine Garnett
- Medical Research Council, Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England, UK
| | - Ludovic Lhermitte
- Medical Research Council, Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England, UK
| | - Dimitris Karamitros
- Medical Research Council, Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England, UK
| | - Bilyana Stoilova
- Medical Research Council, Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England, UK
| | - I-Jun Lau
- Medical Research Council, Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England, UK Department of Hematology, Oxford University Hospital National Health Service Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, England, UK
| | - Jessica Doondeea
- Medical Research Council, Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England, UK
| | - Batchimeg Usukhbayar
- Medical Research Council, Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England, UK
| | - Alison Kennedy
- Medical Research Council, Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England, UK
| | - Marlen Metzner
- Medical Research Council, Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England, UK
| | - Nicolas Goardon
- Medical Research Council, Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England, UK
| | - Adam Ivey
- Department of Genetics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, England, UK
| | - Christopher Allen
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Rosemary Gale
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford University Hospital National Health Service Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, England, UK
| | - Alexander Sternberg
- Department of Hematology, Great Western Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Swindon SN3 6BB, England, UK
| | - Sally Killick
- Department of Hematology, Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospital National Health Service Trust, Bournemouth BH7 7DW, England, UK
| | - Hannah Hunter
- Department of Hematology, Plymouth Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Plymouth PL6 8DH, England, UK
| | - Paul Cahalin
- Department of Hematology, Blackpool, Fylde and Wyre Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Blackpool FY3 8NR, England, UK
| | - Andrew Price
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford University Hospital National Health Service Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, England, UK
| | - Andrew Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford University Hospital National Health Service Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, England, UK
| | - Mike Griffiths
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham B15 2TG, England, UK
| | - Paul Virgo
- Department of Immunology, North Bristol National Health Service Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB, England, UK
| | - Stephen Mackinnon
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK Department of Hematology, University College London Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, England, UK
| | - David Grimwade
- Department of Genetics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, England, UK
| | - Sylvie Freeman
- School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, England, UK Department of Haematology, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TH, England, UK
| | - Nigel Russell
- Centre for Clinical Hematology, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham NG5 1PB, England, UK
| | - Charles Craddock
- Department of Clinical Haematology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, England, UK Department of Clinical Haematology, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TH, England, UK
| | - Adam Mead
- Medical Research Council, Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England, UK Department of Hematology, Oxford University Hospital National Health Service Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, England, UK
| | - Andrew Peniket
- Department of Hematology, Oxford University Hospital National Health Service Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, England, UK
| | - Catherine Porcher
- Medical Research Council, Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England, UK
| | - Paresh Vyas
- Medical Research Council, Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England, UK Department of Hematology, Oxford University Hospital National Health Service Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, England, UK
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Abstract
Evidence presented over the last few years indicates that the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment comprises not just one but a number of different cell populations. Based on HSCs’ proliferation and engraftment potential, it has been suggested that there are two classes of HSC, with long- and short-term engraftment potential. HSC heterogeneity seems to involve differentiation capacities as well, since it has been shown that some HSC clones are able to give rise to both myeloid and lymphoid progeny, whereas others are lymphoid deficient. It has been recognized that HSC function depends on intrinsic cell regulators, which are modulated by external signals. Among the former, we can include transcription factors and non-coding RNAs as well as epigenetic modifiers. Among the latter, cytokines and extracellular matrix molecules have been implicated. Understanding the elements and mechanisms that regulate HSC populations is of significant relevance both in biological and in clinical terms, and research in this area still has to face several complex and exciting challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Mayani
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, IMSS National Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico
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44
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Stem Cell Leukemia: how a TALented actor can go awry on the hematopoietic stage. Leukemia 2016; 30:1968-1978. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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45
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Hur J, Choi JI, Lee H, Nham P, Kim TW, Chae CW, Yun JY, Kang JA, Kang J, Lee SE, Yoon CH, Boo K, Ham S, Roh TY, Jun JK, Lee H, Baek SH, Kim HS. CD82/KAI1 Maintains the Dormancy of Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells through Interaction with DARC-Expressing Macrophages. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 18:508-21. [PMID: 26996598 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is regulated by crosstalk between long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) and supporting niche cells in the bone marrow (BM). Here, we examine the role of CD82/KAI1 in niche-mediated LT-HSC maintenance. We found that CD82/KAI1 is expressed predominantly on LT-HSCs and rarely on other hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSPCs). In Cd82(-/-) mice, LT-HSCs were selectively lost as they exited from quiescence and differentiated. Mechanistically, CD82-based TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling leads to induction of CDK inhibitors and cell-cycle inhibition. The CD82 binding partner DARC/CD234 is expressed on macrophages and stabilizes CD82 on LT-HSCs, promoting their quiescence. When DARC(+) BM macrophages were ablated, the level of surface CD82 on LT-HSCs decreased, leading to cell-cycle entry, proliferation, and differentiation. A similar interaction appears to be relevant for human HSPCs. Thus, CD82 is a functional surface marker of LT-HSCs that maintains quiescence through interaction with DARC-expressing macrophages in the BM stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hur
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Il Choi
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Pniel Nham
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheong-Whan Chae
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Yun
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-A Kang
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehoon Kang
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Yoon
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjin Boo
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Chromatin Dynamics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjin Ham
- BK21PLUS Fellowship Program, Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Roh
- BK21PLUS Fellowship Program, Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kwan Jun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Baek
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Chromatin Dynamics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea.
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Mantel CR, O'Leary HA, Chitteti BR, Huang X, Cooper S, Hangoc G, Brustovetsky N, Srour EF, Lee MR, Messina-Graham S, Haas DM, Falah N, Kapur R, Pelus LM, Bardeesy N, Fitamant J, Ivan M, Kim KS, Broxmeyer HE. Enhancing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Efficacy by Mitigating Oxygen Shock. Cell 2015; 161:1553-65. [PMID: 26073944 PMCID: PMC4480616 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in hypoxic niches within bone marrow and cord blood. Yet, essentially all HSC studies have been performed with cells isolated and processed in non-physiologic ambient air. By collecting and manipulating bone marrow and cord blood in native conditions of hypoxia, we demonstrate that brief exposure to ambient oxygen decreases recovery of long-term repopulating HSCs and increases progenitor cells, a phenomenon we term extraphysiologic oxygen shock/stress (EPHOSS). Thus, true numbers of HSCs in the bone marrow and cord blood are routinely underestimated. We linked ROS production and induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) via cyclophilin D and p53 as mechanisms of EPHOSS. The MPTP inhibitor cyclosporin A protects mouse bone marrow and human cord blood HSCs from EPHOSS during collection in air, resulting in increased recovery of transplantable HSCs. Mitigating EPHOSS during cell collection and processing by pharmacological means may be clinically advantageous for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie R Mantel
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Heather A O'Leary
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Brahmananda R Chitteti
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - XinXin Huang
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Scott Cooper
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Giao Hangoc
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nickolay Brustovetsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Edward F Srour
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Man Ryul Lee
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Chungcheongnam-do 336-745, Korea
| | - Steven Messina-Graham
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - David M Haas
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nadia Falah
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Louis M Pelus
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Julien Fitamant
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mircea Ivan
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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47
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Benyoucef A, Calvo J, Renou L, Arcangeli ML, van den Heuvel A, Amsellem S, Mehrpour M, Larghero J, Soler E, Naguibneva I, Pflumio F. The SCL/TAL1 Transcription Factor Represses the Stress Protein DDiT4/REDD1 in Human Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2268-79. [PMID: 25858676 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are regulated through numerous molecular mechanisms that have not been interconnected. The transcription factor stem cell leukemia/T-cell acute leukemia 1 (TAL1) controls human HSPC but its mechanism of action is not clarified. In this study, we show that knockdown (KD) or short-term conditional over-expression (OE) of TAL1 in human HSPC ex vivo, respectively, blocks and maintains hematopoietic potentials, affecting proliferation of human HSPC. Comparative gene expression analyses of TAL1/KD and TAL1/OE human HSPC revealed modifications of cell cycle regulators as well as previously described TAL1 target genes. Interestingly an inverse correlation between TAL1 and DNA damage-induced transcript 4 (DDiT4/REDD1), an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, is uncovered. Low phosphorylation levels of mTOR target proteins in TAL1/KD HSPC confirmed an interplay between mTOR pathway and TAL1 in correlation with TAL1-mediated effects of HSPC proliferation. Finally chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments performed in human HSPC showed that DDiT4 is a direct TAL1 target gene. Functional analyses showed that TAL1 represses DDiT4 expression in HSPCs. These results pinpoint DDiT4/REDD1 as a novel target gene regulated by TAL1 in human HSPC and establish for the first time a link between TAL1 and the mTOR pathway in human early hematopoietic cells. Stem Cells 2015;33:2268-2279.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aissa Benyoucef
- CEA, DSV-IRCM-SCSR-LSHL, UMR 967, équipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France.,INSERM, U967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, UMR 967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Sud, UMR 967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France
| | - Julien Calvo
- CEA, DSV-IRCM-SCSR-LSHL, UMR 967, équipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France.,INSERM, U967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, UMR 967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Sud, UMR 967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Renou
- CEA, DSV-IRCM-SCSR-LSHL, UMR 967, équipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France.,INSERM, U967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, UMR 967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Sud, UMR 967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Arcangeli
- CEA, DSV-IRCM-SCSR-LSHL, UMR 967, équipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France.,INSERM, U967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, UMR 967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Sud, UMR 967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Amsellem
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique-BioThérapie, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris, France
| | - Maryam Mehrpour
- INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253 Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jerome Larghero
- Cell Therapy Unit and Clinical Investigation Center in Biotherapies, AP-HP, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eric Soler
- INSERM, U967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,CEA, DSV-IRCM-SCSR-LHM, UMR967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France
| | - Irina Naguibneva
- CEA, DSV-IRCM-SCSR-LSHL, UMR 967, équipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France.,INSERM, U967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, UMR 967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Sud, UMR 967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France
| | - Francoise Pflumio
- CEA, DSV-IRCM-SCSR-LSHL, UMR 967, équipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France.,INSERM, U967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, UMR 967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Sud, UMR 967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France
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48
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Wabik A, Jones PH. Switching roles: the functional plasticity of adult tissue stem cells. EMBO J 2015; 34:1164-79. [PMID: 25812989 PMCID: PMC4426478 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201490386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult organisms have to adapt to survive, and the same is true for their tissues. Rates and types of cell production must be rapidly and reversibly adjusted to meet tissue demands in response to both local and systemic challenges. Recent work reveals how stem cell (SC) populations meet these requirements by switching between functional states tuned to homoeostasis or regeneration. This plasticity extends to differentiating cells, which are capable of reverting to SCs after injury. The concept of the niche, the micro-environment that sustains and regulates stem cells, is broadening, with a new appreciation of the role of physical factors and hormonal signals. Here, we review different functions of SCs, the cellular mechanisms that underlie them and the signals that bias the fate of SCs as they switch between roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wabik
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge Hutchison/MRC Research Centre Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philip H Jones
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge Hutchison/MRC Research Centre Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
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49
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Xenograft models for normal and malignant stem cells. Blood 2015; 125:2630-40. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-11-570218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The model systems available for studying human hematopoiesis, malignant hematopoiesis, and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function in vivo have improved dramatically over the last decade, primarily due to improvements in xenograft mouse strains. Several recent reviews have focused on the historic development of immunodeficient mice over the last 2 decades, as well as their use in understanding human HSC and leukemia stem cell (LSC) biology and function in the context of a humanized mouse. However, in the intervening time since these reviews, a number of new mouse models, technical approaches, and scientific advances have been made. In this review, we update the reader on the newest and best models and approaches available for studying human malignant and normal HSCs in immunodeficient mice, including newly developed mice for use in chemotherapy testing and improved techniques for humanizing mice without laborious purification of HSC. We also review some relevant scientific findings from xenograft studies and highlight the continued limitations that confront researchers working with human HSC and LSC in vivo.
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50
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Ebina W, Rossi DJ. Transcription factor-mediated reprogramming toward hematopoietic stem cells. EMBO J 2015; 34:694-709. [PMID: 25712209 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201490804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo generation of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from renewable cell types has been a long sought-after but elusive goal in regenerative medicine. Paralleling efforts to guide pluripotent stem cell differentiation by manipulating developmental cues, substantial progress has been made recently toward HSC generation via combinatorial transcription factor (TF)-mediated fate conversion, a paradigm established by Yamanaka's induction of pluripotency in somatic cells by mere four TFs. This review will integrate the recently reported strategies to directly convert a variety of starting cell types toward HSCs in the context of hematopoietic transcriptional regulation and discuss how these findings could be further developed toward the ultimate generation of therapeutic human HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ebina
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derrick J Rossi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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