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Wang B, Li Z, An W, Fan G, Li D, Qin L. Duct ligation/de-ligation model: exploring mechanisms for salivary gland injury and regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1399934. [PMID: 38983787 PMCID: PMC11231214 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1399934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialadenitis and sialadenitis-induced sialopathy are typically caused by obstruction of the salivary gland ducts. Atrophy of the salivary glands in experimental animals caused by duct ligation exhibits a histopathology similar to that of salivary gland sialadenitis. Therefore, a variety of duct ligation/de-ligation models have been commonly employed to study salivary gland injury and regeneration. Duct ligation is mainly characterised by apoptosis and activation of different signaling pathways in parenchymal cells, which eventually leads to gland atrophy and progressive dysfunction. By contrast, duct de-ligation can initiate the recovery of gland structure and function by regenerating the secretory tissue. This review summarizes the animal duct ligation/de-ligation models that have been used for the examination of pathological fundamentals in salivary disorders, in order to unravel the pathological changes and underlying mechanisms involved in salivary gland injury and regeneration. These experimental models have contributed to developing effective and curative strategies for gland dysfunction and providing plausible solutions for overcoming salivary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhilin Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Gaiping Fan
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dezhi Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lizheng Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial and Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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2
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Lin B, Shah VS, Chernoff C, Sun J, Shipkovenska GG, Vinarsky V, Waghray A, Xu J, Leduc AD, Hintschich CA, Surve MV, Xu Y, Capen DE, Villoria J, Dou Z, Hariri LP, Rajagopal J. Airway hillocks are injury-resistant reservoirs of unique plastic stem cells. Nature 2024; 629:869-877. [PMID: 38693267 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Airway hillocks are stratified epithelial structures of unknown function1. Hillocks persist for months and have a unique population of basal stem cells that express genes associated with barrier function and cell adhesion. Hillock basal stem cells continually replenish overlying squamous barrier cells. They exhibit dramatically higher turnover than the abundant, largely quiescent classic pseudostratified airway epithelium. Hillocks resist a remarkably broad spectrum of injuries, including toxins, infection, acid and physical injury because hillock squamous cells shield underlying hillock basal stem cells from injury. Hillock basal stem cells are capable of massive clonal expansion that is sufficient to resurface denuded airway, and eventually regenerate normal airway epithelium with each of its six component cell types. Hillock basal stem cells preferentially stratify and keratinize in the setting of retinoic acid signalling inhibition, a known cause of squamous metaplasia2,3. Here we show that mouse hillock expansion is the cause of vitamin A deficiency-induced squamous metaplasia. Finally, we identify human hillocks whose basal stem cells generate functional squamous barrier structures in culture. The existence of hillocks reframes our understanding of airway epithelial regeneration. Furthermore, we show that hillocks are one origin of 'squamous metaplasia', which is long thought to be a precursor of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Viral S Shah
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chaim Chernoff
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jiawei Sun
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gergana G Shipkovenska
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vladimir Vinarsky
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avinash Waghray
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jiajie Xu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew D Leduc
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Constantin A Hintschich
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manalee Vishnu Surve
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yanxin Xu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Diane E Capen
- Program in Membrane Biology and Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge Villoria
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhixun Dou
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lida P Hariri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jayaraj Rajagopal
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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3
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Ambrogi M, Vezina CM. Roles of airway and intestinal epithelia in responding to pathogens and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1346087. [PMID: 38736751 PMCID: PMC11082347 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1346087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells form a resilient barrier and orchestrate defensive and reparative mechanisms to maintain tissue stability. This review focuses on gut and airway epithelia, which are positioned where the body interfaces with the outside world. We review the many signaling pathways and mechanisms by which epithelial cells at the interface respond to invading pathogens to mount an innate immune response and initiate adaptive immunity and communicate with other cells, including resident microbiota, to heal damaged tissue and maintain homeostasis. We compare and contrast how airway and gut epithelial cells detect pathogens, release antimicrobial effectors, collaborate with macrophages, Tregs and epithelial stem cells to mount an immune response and orchestrate tissue repair. We also describe advanced research models for studying epithelial communication and behaviors during inflammation, tissue injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chad M. Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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4
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Basil MC, Alysandratos KD, Kotton DN, Morrisey EE. Lung repair and regeneration: Advanced models and insights into human disease. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:439-454. [PMID: 38492572 PMCID: PMC11070171 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The respiratory system acts as both the primary site of gas exchange and an important sensor and barrier to the external environment. The increase in incidences of respiratory disease over the past decades has highlighted the importance of developing improved therapeutic approaches. This review will summarize recent research on the cellular complexity of the mammalian respiratory system with a focus on gas exchange and immunological defense functions of the lung. Different models of repair and regeneration will be discussed to help interpret human and animal data and spur the investigation of models and assays for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Basil
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Konstantinos-Dionysios Alysandratos
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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5
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Cardinale V, Paradiso S, Alvaro D. Biliary stem cells in health and cholangiopathies and cholangiocarcinoma. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2024; 40:92-98. [PMID: 38320197 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000001005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review discusses evidence regarding progenitor populations of the biliary tree in the tissue regeneration and homeostasis, and the pathobiology of cholangiopathies and malignancies. RECENT FINDINGS In embryogenesis biliary multipotent progenitor subpopulation contributes cells not only to the pancreas and gall bladder but also to the liver. Cells equipped with a constellation of markers suggestive of the primitive endodermal phenotype exist in the peribiliary glands, the bile duct glands, of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. These cells are able to be isolated and cultured easily, which demonstrates the persistence of a stable phenotype during in vitro expansion, the ability to self-renew in vitro, and the ability to differentiate between hepatocyte and biliary and pancreatic islet fates. SUMMARY In normal human livers, stem/progenitors cells are mostly restricted in two distinct niches, which are the bile ductules/canals of Hering and the peribiliary glands (PBGs) present inside the wall of large intrahepatic bile ducts. The existence of a network of stem/progenitor cell niches within the liver and along the entire biliary tree inform a patho-biological-based translational approach to biliary diseases and cholangiocarcinoma since it poses the basis to understand biliary regeneration after extensive or chronic injuries and progression to fibrosis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Savino Paradiso
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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6
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Mauduit O, Delcroix V, Wong A, Ivanova A, Miles L, Lee HS, Makarenkova H. A closer look into the cellular and molecular biology of myoepithelial cells across various exocrine glands. Ocul Surf 2024; 31:63-80. [PMID: 38141817 PMCID: PMC10855576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Myoepithelial cells (MECs) are a unique subset of epithelial cells that possess several smooth muscle cell characteristics, such as a high number of actin-myosin filaments and the ability to contract. These cells are primarily located around the secretory cells of exocrine glands, including the salivary, mammary, lacrimal, and sweat glands. Their primary functions involve the construction of the basement membrane and help with secretion of gland products through contraction. So far, no comparative analysis of MECs in different exocrine glands had ever evaluated their differences. In this review, we took advantage of the various publicly available scRNAseq data from mouse exocrine glands to identify their shared and unique characteristics. The aim of this review is to compare the role of MECs in maintaining healthy glandular function, their involvement in disease states, and their regenerative capacity, with a particular emphasis on the latest research findings in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mauduit
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Vanessa Delcroix
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Andrew Wong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Anastasiia Ivanova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Lindsey Miles
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Helen Makarenkova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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7
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Garman KS, Purkayastha BPD, Hogue JA, Fecteau R, Guda K, Chak A. Genetic Defect in Submucosal Gland-Associated Caveolin-3: A New Paradigm in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Risk. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:1561-1564.e3. [PMID: 37659676 PMCID: PMC10872754 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Garman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, and, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Biswa P D Purkayastha
- Human Genetics, Allied Health Sciences, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Joyce A Hogue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, and, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ryan Fecteau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kishore Guda
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Amitabh Chak
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
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8
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Xiang N, Xu H, Zhou Z, Wang J, Cai P, Wang L, Tan Z, Zhou Y, Zhang T, Zhou J, Liu K, Luo S, Fang M, Wang G, Chen Z, Guo C, Li X. Single-cell transcriptome profiling reveals immune and stromal cell heterogeneity in primary Sjögren's syndrome. iScience 2023; 26:107943. [PMID: 37810210 PMCID: PMC10558796 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and exocrine dysfunction, particularly affecting the salivary gland (SG). We employed single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate cellular heterogeneity in 11 patients with pSS and 5 non-SS controls. Notably, patients with pSS exhibited downregulated SOX9 in myoepithelial cells, potentially associated with impaired epithelial regeneration. An expanded ACKR1+ endothelial subpopulation in patients with pSS suggested a role in facilitating lymphocyte transendothelial migration. Our analysis of immune cells revealed expanded IGHD+ naive B cells in peripheral blood from patients with pSS. Pseudotime trajectory analysis outlined a bifurcated differentiation pathway for peripheral B cells, enriching three subtypes (VPREB3+ B, BANK1+ B, CD83+ B cells) within SGs in patients with pSS. Fibroblasts emerged as pivotal components in a stromal-immune interaction network, potentially driving extracellular matrix disruption, epithelial regeneration impairment, and inflammation. Our study illuminates immune and stromal cell heterogeneity in patients with pSS, offering insights into therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230021, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230021, China
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230021, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Yingbo Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Tianping Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Jiayuan Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230021, China
| | - Songwen Luo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230021, China
| | - Minghao Fang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230021, China
| | - Guosheng Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Chuang Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230021, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
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9
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Beppu AK, Zhao J, Yao C, Carraro G, Israely E, Coelho AL, Drake K, Hogaboam CM, Parks WC, Kolls JK, Stripp BR. Epithelial plasticity and innate immune activation promote lung tissue remodeling following respiratory viral infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5814. [PMID: 37726288 PMCID: PMC10509177 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial plasticity has been suggested in lungs of mice following genetic depletion of stem cells but is of unknown physiological relevance. Viral infection and chronic lung disease share similar pathological features of stem cell loss in alveoli, basal cell (BC) hyperplasia in small airways, and innate immune activation, that contribute to epithelial remodeling and loss of lung function. We show that a subset of distal airway secretory cells, intralobar serous (IS) cells, are activated to assume BC fates following influenza virus infection. Injury-induced hyperplastic BC (hBC) differ from pre-existing BC by high expression of IL-22Ra1 and undergo IL-22-dependent expansion for colonization of injured alveoli. Resolution of virus-elicited inflammation results in BC to IS re-differentiation in repopulated alveoli, and increased local expression of protective antimicrobial factors, but fails to restore normal alveolar epithelium responsible for gas exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Beppu
- Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Changfu Yao
- Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Edo Israely
- Department of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Anna Lucia Coelho
- Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Katherine Drake
- Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Cory M Hogaboam
- Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - William C Parks
- Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Tulane Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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10
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Martins LR, Glimm H, Scholl C. Single-cell RNA sequencing of mouse lower respiratory tract epithelial cells: A meta-analysis. Cells Dev 2023; 174:203847. [PMID: 37146757 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory system is a vital component of our body, essential for both oxygen uptake and immune defense. Knowledge of cellular composition and function in different parts of the respiratory tract provides the basis for a better understanding of the pathological processes involved in various diseases such as chronic respiratory diseases and cancer. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a proficient approach for the identification and transcriptional characterization of cellular phenotypes. Although the mouse is an essential tool for the study of lung development, regeneration, and disease, a scRNA-seq mouse atlas of the lung in which all epithelial cell types are included and annotated systematically is lacking. Here, we established a single-cell transcriptome landscape of the mouse lower respiratory tract by performing a meta-analysis of seven different studies in which mouse lungs and trachea were analyzed by droplet and/or plate-based scRNA-seq technologies. We provide information on the best markers for each epithelial cell type, propose surface markers for the isolation of viable cells, harmonized the annotation of cell types, and compare the mouse single-cell transcriptomes with human scRNA-seq data of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila R Martins
- Division of Applied Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hanno Glimm
- Department for Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany; Translational Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Scholl
- Division of Applied Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Ievlev V, Pai AC, Dillon DS, Kuhl S, Lynch TJ, Freischlag KW, Gries CB, Engelhardt JF, Parekh KR. Development and characterization of ferret ex vivo tracheal injury and cell engraftment model. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1144754. [PMID: 37113613 PMCID: PMC10126424 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1144754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of airway biology research relies primarily on in vitro and in vivo models of disease and injury. The use of ex vivo models to study airway injury and cell-based therapies remains largely unexplored although such models have the potential to overcome certain limitations of working with live animals and may more closely replicate in vivo processes than in vitro models can. Here, we characterized a ferret ex vivo tracheal injury and cell engraftment model. We describe a protocol for whole-mount staining of cleared tracheal explants, and showed that it provides a more comprehensive structural overview of the surface airway epithelium (SAE) and submucosal glands (SMGs) than 2D sections, revealing previously underappreciated structural anatomy of tracheal innervation and vascularization. Using an ex vivo model of tracheal injury, we evaluated the injury responses in the SAE and SMGs that turned out to be consistent with published in vivo work. We used this model to assess factors that influence engraftment of transgenic cells, providing a system for optimizing cell-based therapies. Finally, we developed a novel 3D-printed reusable culture chamber that enables live imaging of tracheal explants and differentiation of engrafted cells at an air-liquid interface. These approaches promise to be useful for modeling pulmonary diseases and testing therapies. Graphical abstract1,2. We describe here a method for differential mechanical injury of ferret tracheal explants that can be used to evaluate airway injury responses ex vivo. 3. Injured explants can be cultured at ALI (using the novel tissue-transwell device on the right) and submerged long-term to evaluate tissue-autonomous regeneration responses. 4. Tracheal explants can also be used for low throughput screens of compounds to improve cell engraftment efficiency or can be seeded with particular cells to model a disease phenotype. 5. Lastly, we demonstrate that ex vivo-cultured tracheal explants can be evaluated by various molecular assays and by immunofluorescent imaging that can be performed live using our custom-designed tissue-transwell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Ievlev
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Albert C. Pai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Drew S. Dillon
- Protostudios, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Spencer Kuhl
- Protostudios, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Thomas J. Lynch
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Kyle W. Freischlag
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Caitlyn B. Gries
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Kalpaj R. Parekh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
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12
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Chibly AM, Patel VN, Aure MH, Pasquale MC, Martin GE, Ghannam M, Andrade J, Denegre NG, Simpson C, Goldstein DP, Liu FF, Lombaert IMA, Hoffman MP. Neurotrophin signaling is a central mechanism of salivary dysfunction after irradiation that disrupts myoepithelial cells. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:17. [PMID: 36966175 PMCID: PMC10039923 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that prevent regeneration of irradiated (IR) salivary glands remain elusive. Bulk RNAseq of IR versus non-IR human salivary glands showed that neurotrophin signaling is highly disrupted post-radiation. Neurotrophin receptors (NTRs) were significantly upregulated in myoepithelial cells (MECs) post-IR, and single cell RNAseq revealed that MECs pericytes, and duct cells are the main sources of neurotrophin ligands. Using two ex vivo models, we show that nerve growth factor (NGF) induces expression of MEC genes during development, and upregulation of NTRs in adult MECs is associated with stress-induced plasticity and morphological abnormalities in IR human glands. As MECs are epithelial progenitors after gland damage and are required for proper acinar cell contraction and secretion, we propose that MEC-specific upregulation of NTRs post-IR disrupts MEC differentiation and potentially impedes the ability of the gland to regenerate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M Chibly
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Vaishali N Patel
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Marit H Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mary C Pasquale
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gemma E Martin
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mousa Ghannam
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Julianne Andrade
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Noah G Denegre
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Colleen Simpson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - David P Goldstein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Isabelle M A Lombaert
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Biologic and Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Matthew P Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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13
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Song EAC, Che M, Osinski J, Smalley K, Horeth E, Sinha S, Romano RA. ΔNp63 maintains the fidelity of the myoepithelial cell lineage and directs cell differentiation programs in the murine salivary gland. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:515-526. [PMID: 36526896 PMCID: PMC9950458 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands consist of several epithelial cell types of distinct lineages and functional characteristics that are established by directed differentiation programs of resident stem and progenitor cells. We have shown that ΔNp63, a crucial transcriptional regulator of stem/progenitor cells, is enriched in both the basal and myoepithelial cell (MEC) populations and that ΔNp63 positive cells maintain all the descendent epithelial cell lineages of the adult mouse salivary glands (mSGs). Although this pivotal role of ΔNp63 in driving the broader epithelial cell fate and identity in the mSG has been demonstrated, how ΔNp63 functions specifically in the commitment and differentiation of the MEC population is less understood. Using multiple genetic mouse models that allow for cell tracing, we show that ΔNp63 is critical in maintaining and renewing MECs, in part through the transcriptional regulation of Acta2 gene expression, a defining marker of this cell population. We demonstrate that during adult mSG homeostasis, ΔNp63 enriched MECs function as bipotent progenitor cells that maintain not only the MEC population, but also the distinctly different ductal cell lineages. The fidelity of this process is dependent on ΔNp63 expression, since MEC-specific ablation of ΔNp63 results in altered MEC differentiation and affects cellular plasticity resulting in aberrant differentiation of the intercalated ducts and acinar cells. In contrast, we find that the contribution of MECs to ductal and acinar cell regeneration following severe injury is independent of ΔNp63. Our observations offer new insights into cellular mechanisms driving MEC fate choices and differentiation programs in the context of salivary gland homeostasis and in response to injury and regeneration. Long term, these findings have implications for better treatment of salivary gland dysfunction through stem cell-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ah Christine Song
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Monika Che
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jason Osinski
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kirsten Smalley
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Erich Horeth
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rose-Anne Romano
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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14
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Januska MN, Walsh MJ. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals New Basic and Translational Insights in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:131-139. [PMID: 36194688 PMCID: PMC9986558 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0038tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystemic, autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene, with the majority of morbidity and mortality extending from lung disease. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been leveraged in the lung and elsewhere in the body to articulate discrete cell populations, describing cell types, states, and lineages as well as their roles in health and disease. In this translational review, we provide an overview of the current applications of scRNA-seq to the study of the normal and CF lungs, allowing the beginning of a new cellular and molecular narrative of CF lung disease, and we highlight some of the future opportunities to further leverage scRNA-seq and complementary single-cell technologies in the study of CF as we bridge from scientific understanding to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N. Januska
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and
| | - Martin J. Walsh
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and
- Mount Sinai Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, New York, New York
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15
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Liu D, Xu C, Jiang L, Zhu X. Pulmonary endogenous progenitor stem cell subpopulation: Physiology, pathogenesis, and progress. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE MEDICINE 2023; 3:38-51. [PMID: 36789358 PMCID: PMC9924023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lungs are structurally and functionally complex organs consisting of diverse cell types from the proximal to distal axis. They have direct contact with the external environment and are constantly at risk of various injuries. Capable to proliferate and differentiate, pulmonary endogenous progenitor stem cells contribute to the maintenance of lung structure and function both under homeostasis and following injuries. Discovering candidate pulmonary endogenous progenitor stem cell types and underlying regenerative mechanisms provide insights into therapeutic strategy development for lung diseases. In this review, we reveal their compositions, roles in lung disease pathogenesis and injury repair, and the underlying mechanisms. We further underline the advanced progress in research approach and potential therapy for lung regeneration. We also demonstrate the feasibility and prospects of pulmonary endogenous stem cell transplantation for lung disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chufan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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16
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Ievlev V, Lynch TJ, Freischlag KW, Gries CB, Shah A, Pai AC, Ahlers BA, Park S, Engelhardt JF, Parekh KR. Krt14 and Krt15 differentially regulate regenerative properties and differentiation potential of airway basal cells. JCI Insight 2023; 8:162041. [PMID: 36512409 PMCID: PMC9977304 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin expression dynamically changes in airway basal cells (BCs) after acute and chronic injury, yet the functional consequences of these changes on BC behavior remain unknown. In bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) after lung transplantation, BC clonogenicity declines, which is associated with a switch from keratin15 (Krt15) to keratin14 (Krt14). We investigated these keratins' roles using Crispr-KO in vitro and in vivo and found that Krt14-KO and Krt15-KO produce contrasting phenotypes in terms of differentiation and clonogenicity. Primary mouse Krt14-KO BCs did not differentiate into club and ciliated cells but had enhanced clonogenicity. By contrast, Krt15-KO did not alter BC differentiation but impaired clonogenicity in vitro and reduced the number of label-retaining BCs in vivo after injury. Krt14, but not Krt15, bound the tumor suppressor stratifin (Sfn). Disruption of Krt14, but not of Krt15, reduced Sfn protein abundance and increased expression of the oncogene dNp63a during BC differentiation, whereas dNp63a levels were reduced in Krt15-KO BCs. Overall, the phenotype of Krt15-KO BCs contrasts with Krt14-KO phenotype and resembles the phenotype in BO with decreased clonogenicity, increased Krt14, and decreased dNp63a expression. This work demonstrates that Krt14 and Krt15 functionally regulate BC behavior, which is relevant in chronic disease states like BO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Ievlev
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Thomas J. Lynch
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kyle W. Freischlag
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Caitlyn B. Gries
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Anit Shah
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Albert C. Pai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Bethany A. Ahlers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Soo Park
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kalpaj R. Parekh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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17
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Cardinale V, Carpino G, Overi D, Safarikia S, Zhang W, Kanke M, Franchitto A, Costantini D, Riccioni O, Nevi L, Chiappetta M, Onori P, Franchitto M, Bini S, Hung YH, Lai Q, Zizzari I, Nuti M, Nicoletti C, Checquolo S, Di Magno L, Giuli MV, Rossi M, Sethupathy P, Reid LM, Alvaro D, Gaudio E. Human duodenal submucosal glands contain a defined stem/progenitor subpopulation with liver-specific regenerative potential. J Hepatol 2023; 78:165-179. [PMID: 36089156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Common precursors for the liver, biliary tree, and pancreas exist at an early stage of development in the definitive endoderm forming the foregut. We have identified and characterised endodermal stem/progenitor cells with regenerative potential persisting in the adult human duodenum. METHODS Human duodena were obtained from organ donors, and duodenal submucosal gland cells were isolated after removal of the mucosa layer. Cells were cultured on plastic or as organoids and were transplanted into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse livers. RESULTS In situ studies of submucosal glands in the human duodenum revealed cells expressing stem/progenitor cell markers that had unique phenotypic traits distinguishable from intestinal crypt cells. Genetic signature studies indicated that the cells are closer to biliary tree stem cells and to definitive endodermal cells than to adult hepatocytes, supporting the interpretation that they are endodermal stem/progenitor cells. In vitro, human duodenal submucosal gland cells demonstrated clonal growth, capability to form organoids, and ability to acquire functional hepatocyte traits. In vivo, transplanted cells engrafted into the livers of immunocompromised mice and differentiated to mature liver cells. In an experimental model of fatty liver, human duodenal submucosal gland cells were able to rescue hosts from liver damage by supporting repopulation and regeneration of the liver. CONCLUSIONS A cell population with clonal growth and organoid formation capability, which has liver differentiation potency in vitro and in vivo in murine experimental models, is present within adult duodenal submucosal glands. These cells can be isolated, do not require reprogramming, and thus could potentially represent a novel cell source for regenerative medicine of the liver. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Cell therapies for liver disease could represent an option to support liver function, but the identification of sustainable and viable cell sources is critical. Here, we describe a cell population with organoid formation capability and liver-specific regenerative potential in submucosal glands of the human duodenum. Duodenal submucosal gland cells are isolated from adult organs, do not require reprogramming, and could rescue hepatocellular damage in preclinical models of chronic, but not acute, liver injury. Duodenal submucosal gland cells could represent a potential candidate cell source for regenerative medicine of the liver, but the determination of cell dose and toxicity is needed before clinical testing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy.
| | - Diletta Overi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Samira Safarikia
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Program in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Franchitto
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Costantini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Riccioni
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nevi
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Chiappetta
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Franchitto
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Bini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Yu-Han Hung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Quirino Lai
- Department of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zizzari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Nuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Nicoletti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Saula Checquolo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Laura Di Magno
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Rossi
- Department of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lola M Reid
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Program in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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18
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Xu H, Pan G, Wang J. Repairing Mechanisms for Distal Airway Injuries and Related Targeted Therapeutics for Chronic Lung Diseases. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231196489. [PMID: 37698245 PMCID: PMC10498699 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231196489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), involve progressive and irreversible destruction and pathogenic remodeling of airways and have become the leading health care burden worldwide. Pulmonary tissue has extensive capacities to launch injury-responsive repairing programs (IRRPs) to replace the damaged or dead cells upon acute lung injuries. However, the IRRPs are frequently compromised in chronic lung diseases. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of somatic stem cell subpopulations within distal airway epithelium and the underlying mechanisms mediating their self-renewal and trans-differentiation under both physiological and pathological circumstances. We also compared the differences between humans and mice on distal airway structure and stem cell composition. At last, we reviewed the current status and future directions for the development of targeted therapeutics on defective distal airway regeneration and repairment in chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihong Pan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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19
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Madissoon E, Oliver AJ, Kleshchevnikov V, Wilbrey-Clark A, Polanski K, Richoz N, Ribeiro Orsi A, Mamanova L, Bolt L, Elmentaite R, Pett JP, Huang N, Xu C, He P, Dabrowska M, Pritchard S, Tuck L, Prigmore E, Perera S, Knights A, Oszlanczi A, Hunter A, Vieira SF, Patel M, Lindeboom RGH, Campos LS, Matsuo K, Nakayama T, Yoshida M, Worlock KB, Nikolić MZ, Georgakopoulos N, Mahbubani KT, Saeb-Parsy K, Bayraktar OA, Clatworthy MR, Stegle O, Kumasaka N, Teichmann SA, Meyer KB. A spatially resolved atlas of the human lung characterizes a gland-associated immune niche. Nat Genet 2023; 55:66-77. [PMID: 36543915 PMCID: PMC9839452 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomics has allowed unprecedented resolution of cell types/states in the human lung, but their spatial context is less well defined. To (re)define tissue architecture of lung and airways, we profiled five proximal-to-distal locations of healthy human lungs in depth using multi-omic single cell/nuclei and spatial transcriptomics (queryable at lungcellatlas.org ). Using computational data integration and analysis, we extend beyond the suspension cell paradigm and discover macro and micro-anatomical tissue compartments including previously unannotated cell types in the epithelial, vascular, stromal and nerve bundle micro-environments. We identify and implicate peribronchial fibroblasts in lung disease. Importantly, we discover and validate a survival niche for IgA plasma cells in the airway submucosal glands (SMG). We show that gland epithelial cells recruit B cells and IgA plasma cells, and promote longevity and antibody secretion locally through expression of CCL28, APRIL and IL-6. This new 'gland-associated immune niche' has implications for respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elo Madissoon
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amanda J Oliver
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Nathan Richoz
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Ribeiro Orsi
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lira Mamanova
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Liam Bolt
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rasa Elmentaite
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Patrick Pett
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ni Huang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chuan Xu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peng He
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Monika Dabrowska
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sophie Pritchard
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Liz Tuck
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elena Prigmore
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shani Perera
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Knights
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Agnes Oszlanczi
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam Hunter
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara F Vieira
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Minal Patel
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Lia S Campos
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Masahiro Yoshida
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kaylee B Worlock
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Marko Z Nikolić
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nikitas Georgakopoulos
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Krishnaa T Mahbubani
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oliver Stegle
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory/Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Kerstin B Meyer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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20
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Gautam LK, Harriott NC, Caceres AM, Ryan AL. Basic Science Perspective on Engineering and Modeling the Large Airways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1413:73-106. [PMID: 37195527 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26625-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The airway epithelium provides a physical and biochemical barrier playing a key role in protecting the lung from infiltration of pathogens and irritants and is, therefore, crucial in maintaining tissue homeostasis and regulating innate immunity. Due to continual inspiration and expiration of air during breathing, the epithelium is exposed to a plethora of environmental insults. When severe or persistent, these insults lead to inflammation and infection. The effectiveness of the epithelium as a barrier is reliant upon its capacity for mucociliary clearance, immune surveillance, and regeneration upon injury. These functions are accomplished by the cells that comprise the airway epithelium and the niche in which they reside. Engineering of new physiological and pathological models of the proximal airways requires the generation of complex structures comprising the surface airway epithelium, submucosal gland epithelium, extracellular matrix, and niche cells, including smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells. This chapter focuses on the structure-function relationships in the airways and the challenges of developing complex engineered models of the human airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit K Gautam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Noa C Harriott
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Adrian M Caceres
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Amy L Ryan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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21
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Kumari C, Gupta R, Sharma M, Jacob J, Narayan RK, Sahni D, Kumar A. Morpho-functional characterization of the submucosal glands at the nasopharyngeal end of the auditory tube in humans. J Anat 2022; 242:771-780. [PMID: 36562490 PMCID: PMC10093164 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The auditory tube (AT), an osteocartilaginous channel, connects the nasopharynx to the middle ear cavity. At the nasopharyngeal opening of the AT, there are dense collections of submucosal glands. In a recent article, Valstar et al. proposed these nasopharyngeal tubal glands conglomerate as salivary glands, which starkly contrasts with their previously known anatomy for being a component of the respiratory tract. This study examines the contesting views regarding the taxonomical categorization of the nasopharyngeal tubal glands. MATERIALS AND METHODS The AT glands in context were examined in human cadavers grossly, and microscopically using routine and special (Hematoxylin and Eosin [H&E] and Periodic acid-Schiff [PAS] respectively), as well as immunohistochemical (for alpha-SMA and salivary amylase) staining methods and compared with the major and minor salivary glands and the submucosal glands in the trachea. Further, a biochemical analysis was performed to detect the presence of salivary amylase in the oral and nasopharyngeal secretions of the four living human subjects, representing major salivary glands and tubal glands, respectively. RESULTS The submucosal seromucous glands with a surface lining of respiratory epithelium were observed at the nasopharyngeal end of AT. The cells in the tubal glands showed cytoplasmic positivity for alpha-SMA, which indicated the presence of the myoepithelial cells; however, this expression was significantly lower than in the seromucous submucosal glands within the trachea. Salivary alpha-amylase was undetectable in the cadaveric tissue samples. Moreover, the amylase level in the nasopharyngeal swabs was negligible compared to the oral swabs. CONCLUSION The anatomical location along the respiratory tract, the presence of respiratory epithelium in the overlying mucosa, their morpho-functional resemblance to the seromucous glands in the trachea, and the absence of salivary amylase strongly indicate that the tubal glands are taxonomically different from the salivary glands. Given the available evidence, their existing recognition as a part of the respiratory tract and an integral component of the AT seems more appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiman Kumari
- Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Richa Gupta
- Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Mayank Sharma
- Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Justin Jacob
- Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravi K Narayan
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. B.C. Roy Multi Specialty Medical Research Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Daisy Sahni
- Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)-Patna, Patna, India
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22
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Lyu H, Warren R, Gao S, Klinkhammer K, Yuan T, Zhang JS, Brownfield D, Li X, De Langhe SP. Niche-mediated repair of airways is directed in an occupant-dependent manner. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111863. [PMID: 36543133 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In injured airways of the adult lung, epithelial progenitors are called upon to repair by nearby mesenchymal cells via signals transmitted through the niche. Currently, it is unclear whether repair is coordinated by the mesenchymal cells that maintain the niche or by the airway epithelial cells that occupy it. Here, we show that the spatiotemporal expression of Fgf10 by the niche is primarily orchestrated by the niche's epithelial occupants-both those that reside prior to, and following, injury. During homeostasis, differentiated airway epithelial cells secrete Sonic hedgehog (Shh) to inhibit Fgf10 expression by Gli1+ peribronchial mesenchymal cells in the niche. After injury, remaining epithelial cells produce Wnt7b to induce Fgf10 expression in airway smooth muscle cells in the niche. We find that this reliance on a common activator of airway epithelial stem cells also allows for the recruitment of remote stem cell populations when local populations have been exhausted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handeng Lyu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Rachel Warren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kylie Klinkhammer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Tingting Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Douglas Brownfield
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| | - Stijn P De Langhe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA.
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23
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Gu L, Li A, Lin J, Gan Y, He C, Xiao R, Liao J, Li Y, Guo S. Knockdown of SOX9 alleviates tracheal fibrosis through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1659-1670. [PMID: 36192639 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Trachealfibrosis is an important cause of tracheal stenosis without effective treatments, and new drug targets need to be developed. The role of SOX9 in the injury and repair of the trachea is unknown; this study aims to investigate the role of SOX9 in the regulation of tracheal fibrosis based on clinical samples from patients with tracheal injury and a model of tracheal fibrosis produced by tracheal brushing in rats. The results showed that the expressions of SOX9 and mesenchymal and ECM-related indicators were increased in the injury and fibrosis of the trachea in patients and rats. Serum SOX9 levels exhibited a sensitivity of 83.87% and specificity of 90% in distinguishing patients with tracheal fibrosis from healthy volunteers when the cut‑off value was 13.24 ng/ml. Knockdown SOX9 can markedly inhibit granulation tissue proliferation, reduce inflammation and ECM deposition, promote epithelial regeneration and granulation tissue apoptosis, and attenuate the tracheal fibrosis after injury. Additionally, RNA sequencing showed that the proliferation, migration, and ECM deposition of tracheal granulation tissue were related to the activation of Wnt pathway, activation of the β-catenin, and p-GSK3β after injury can be inhibited by the knockdown of SOX9. In summary, SOX9 is upregulated in tracheas fibrosis and may be a novel factor to promote tracheal fibrosis progression. Inhibiting SOX9 may be used to prevent and treat tracheal fibrosis in the future. KEY MESSAGE : The expression of SOX9 is upregulated the process of injury and repair of the tracheal fibrosis. Knocking down SOX9 can attenuate tracheal fibrosis after injury by inhibiting inflammation response, granulation tissue proliferation, ECM deposition, and promoting granulation tissue apoptosis. The Wnt/β-catenin-SOX9 axis is activated during tracheal injury and fibrosis, and inhibition of SOX9 can partially alleviate tracheal fibrosis. SOX9 may act as a new diagnostic and therapeutic target in patients with tracheal fibrosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Anmao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Infection Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiling Gan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishi Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuliang Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Eenjes E, Tibboel D, Wijnen RM, Rottier RJ. Lung epithelium development and airway regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1022457. [PMID: 36299482 PMCID: PMC9589436 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1022457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung is composed of a highly branched airway structure, which humidifies and warms the inhaled air before entering the alveolar compartment. In the alveoli, a thin layer of epithelium is in close proximity with the capillary endothelium, allowing for an efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. During development proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells generates the lung architecture, and in the adult lung a proper function of progenitor cells is needed to regenerate after injury. Malfunctioning of progenitors during development results in various congenital lung disorders, such as Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) and Congenital Pulmonary Adenomatoid Malformation (CPAM). In addition, many premature neonates experience continuous insults on the lung caused by artificial ventilation and supplemental oxygen, which requires a highly controlled mechanism of airway repair. Malfunctioning of airway progenitors during regeneration can result in reduction of respiratory function or (chronic) airway diseases. Pathways that are active during development are frequently re-activated upon damage. Understanding the basic mechanisms of lung development and the behavior of progenitor cell in the ontogeny and regeneration of the lung may help to better understand the underlying cause of lung diseases, especially those occurring in prenatal development or in the immediate postnatal period of life. This review provides an overview of lung development and the cell types involved in repair of lung damage with a focus on the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Eenjes
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rene M.H. Wijnen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robbert J. Rottier
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Robbert J. Rottier,
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25
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Zhou Y, Yang Y, Guo L, Qian J, Ge J, Sinner D, Ding H, Califano A, Cardoso WV. Airway basal cells show regionally distinct potential to undergo metaplastic differentiation. eLife 2022; 11:e80083. [PMID: 36178196 PMCID: PMC9578702 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal cells are multipotent stem cells of a variety of organs, including the respiratory tract, where they are major components of the airway epithelium. However, it remains unclear how diverse basal cells are and how distinct subpopulations respond to airway challenges. Using single cell RNA-sequencing and functional approaches, we report a significant and previously underappreciated degree of heterogeneity in the basal cell pool, leading to identification of six subpopulations in the adult murine trachea. Among these, we found two major subpopulations, collectively comprising the most uncommitted of all the pools, but with distinct gene expression signatures. Notably, these occupy distinct ventral and dorsal tracheal niches and differ in their ability to self-renew and initiate a program of differentiation in response to environmental perturbations in primary cultures and in mouse injury models in vivo. We found that such heterogeneity is acquired prenatally, when the basal cell pool and local niches are still being established, and depends on the integrity of these niches, as supported by the altered basal cell phenotype of tracheal cartilage-deficient mouse mutants. Finally, we show that features that distinguish these progenitor subpopulations in murine airways are conserved in humans. Together, the data provide novel insights into the origin and impact of basal cell heterogeneity on the establishment of regionally distinct responses of the airway epithelium during injury-repair and in disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhuo Zhou
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ying Yang
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lihao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Jun Qian
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jian Ge
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Debora Sinner
- Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Hongxu Ding
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Andrea Califano
- Departments of Systems Biology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Biomedical Informatics, Medicine; JP Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Wellington V Cardoso
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
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26
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Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells sense succinate to stimulate myoepithelial cell contraction. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2221-2236.e5. [PMID: 36108628 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are rare airway cells with potential sensory capacity linked to vagal neurons and immune cells. How PNECs sense and respond to external stimuli remains poorly understood. We discovered PNECs located within pig and human submucosal glands, a tissue that produces much of the mucus that defends the lung. These PNECs sense succinate, an inflammatory molecule in liquid lining the airway surface. The results indicate that succinate migrates down the submucosal gland duct to the acinus, where it triggers apical succinate receptors, causing PNECs to release ATP. The short-range ATP signal stimulates the contraction of myoepithelial cells wrapped tightly around the submucosal glands. Succinate-triggered gland contraction may complement the action of neurotransmitters that induce mucus release but not gland contraction to promote mucus ejection onto the airway surface. These findings identify a local circuit in which rare PNECs within submucosal glands sense an environmental cue to orchestrate the function of airway glands.
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27
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Ehnes DD, Alghadeer A, Hanson-Drury S, Zhao YT, Tilmes G, Mathieu J, Ruohola-Baker H. Sci-Seq of Human Fetal Salivary Tissue Introduces Human Transcriptional Paradigms and a Novel Cell Population. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022; 3:887057. [PMID: 36540608 PMCID: PMC9762771 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.887057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple pathologies and non-pathological factors can disrupt the function of the non-regenerative human salivary gland including cancer and cancer therapeutics, autoimmune diseases, infections, pharmaceutical side effects, and traumatic injury. Despite the wide range of pathologies, no therapeutic or regenerative approaches exist to address salivary gland loss, likely due to significant gaps in our understanding of salivary gland development. Moreover, identifying the tissue of origin when diagnosing salivary carcinomas requires an understanding of human fetal development. Using computational tools, we identify developmental branchpoints, a novel stem cell-like population, and key signaling pathways in the human developing salivary glands by analyzing our human fetal single-cell sequencing data. Trajectory and transcriptional analysis suggest that the earliest progenitors yield excretory duct and myoepithelial cells and a transitional population that will yield later ductal cell types. Importantly, this single-cell analysis revealed a previously undescribed population of stem cell-like cells that are derived from SD and expresses high levels of genes associated with stem cell-like function. We have observed these rare cells, not in a single niche location but dispersed within the developing duct at later developmental stages. Our studies introduce new human-specific developmental paradigms for the salivary gland and lay the groundwork for the development of translational human therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Duron Ehnes
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ammar Alghadeer
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sesha Hanson-Drury
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yan Ting Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gwen Tilmes
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Julie Mathieu
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Hannele Ruohola-Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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28
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Xia D, Liu J, Yong J, Li X, Ji W, Zhao Z, Wang X, Xiao C, Wu S, Liu H, Zhao H, He Y. Strategies for understanding the role of cellular heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of lung cancer: a cell model for chronic exposure to cigarette smoke extract. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:333. [PMID: 36056339 PMCID: PMC9438261 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human tumors are highly heterogeneous at the cellular, molecular, genetic and functional levels. Tumor heterogeneity has tremendous impact on cancer progression and treatment responses. However, the mechanisms for tumor heterogeneity have been poorly understood due to the lack of experimental models. Methods This study provides a novel exploration and analysis of the impacts of cellular and molecular heterogeneity of human lung epithelial cells on their malignant transformation following chronic exposure to cigarette smoke extracts. Results The ability of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) to cause malignant transformation of the human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) is dependent on the sizes of the cells. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in this process. Mechanistically, CSE-induced malignant transformation of 16HBE cells was closely linked to the reduced relative telomere length of the larger 16HBE cells, thereby up-regulation of the expression of stemness genes. Conclusions These findings provide novel insights for understanding the impact of cellular heterogeneity in lung cancer development. The in vitro transformation model described in this study could be extrapolated to studying the pathogenesis of other malignancies, as well as for mechanistic studies that are not feasible in vivo. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-022-02116-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Yong
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaixiang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Heping Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Ievlev V, Jensen-Cody CC, Lynch TJ, Pai AC, Park S, Shahin W, Wang K, Parekh KR, Engelhardt JF. Sox9 and Lef1 Regulate the Fate and Behavior of Airway Glandular Progenitors in Response to Injury. Stem Cells 2022; 40:778-790. [PMID: 35639980 PMCID: PMC9406614 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cartilaginous airways of larger mammals and the mouse trachea contain at least 3 well-established stem cell compartments, including basal cells of the surface airway epithelium (SAE) and ductal and myoepithelial cells of the submucosal glands (SMG). Here we demonstrate that glandular Sox9-expressing progenitors capable of SAE repair decline with age in mice. Notably, Sox9-lineage glandular progenitors produced basal and ciliated cells in the SAE, but failed to produce secretory cells. Lef1 was required for glandular Sox9 lineage contribution to SAE repair, and its deletion significantly reduced proliferation following injury. By contrast, in vivo deletion of Sox9 enhanced proliferation of progenitors in both the SAE and SMG shortly following injury, but these progenitors failed to proliferate in vitro in the absence of Sox9, similar to that previously shown for Lef1 deletion. In cystic fibrosis ferret airways, Sox9 expression inversely correlated with Ki67 proliferative marker expression in SMG and the SAE. Using in vitro and ex vivo models, we demonstrate that Sox9 is extinguished as glandular progenitors exit ducts and proliferate on the airway surface and that Sox9 is required for migration and proper differentiation of SMG, but not surface airway, progenitors. We propose a model whereby Wnt/Lef1 and Sox9 signals differentially regulate the proliferative and migratory behavior of glandular progenitors, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Ievlev
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Lynch
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Albert C Pai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Soo Park
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Weam Shahin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kalpaj R Parekh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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30
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Kim H, Lee SB, Myung JK, Park JH, Park E, Il Kim D, Lee C, Kim Y, Park CM, Kim MB, Lim GC, Jang B. SLUG is a key regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pleomorphic adenoma. J Transl Med 2022; 102:631-640. [PMID: 35145202 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The histogenesis of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of the salivary glands remains controversial. PAs are characterized by the transition of epithelial cells to spindled mesenchymal cells, known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The present study aimed to identify a major EMT-inducing transcription factor (EMT-TF) in PAs. Real-time PCR analysis of SNAIL, SLUG, ZEB1, and TWIST1 demonstrated that only SLUG was significantly upregulated in normal salivary glands and PAs. Combined in situ hybridization for SLUG and multiplex immunohistochemistry for CK19 and P63 revealed that SLUG was specifically expressed in the myoepithelial cells of normal salivary glands. In PAs, SLUG was expressed in neoplastic myoepithelial cells and stromal cells but not in the luminal cells lining the inner layers of tumor glands. SLUG expression showed no correlation with PLAG1 expression, and in vitro experiments demonstrated that PLAG1 suppression in primary cultured PA cells or PLAG1 overexpression in HEK 293 T cells did not affect SLUG levels, indicating that PLAG1 was not involved in the upregulation of SLUG in PAs. The suppression of SLUG expression in cultured PA cells resulted in a morphology change to a less elongated shape and attenuated tumor growth. In addition, SLUG downregulation led to increased E-cadherin and decreased N-cadherin and vimentin expression levels along with decreased migratory activity in cultured PA cells. These findings suggest that SLUG is a major TF that can induce EMT in PAs. In summary, SLUG is specifically and highly expressed in the myoepithelial cells and stromal cells of PAs and is a key regulator of EMT in PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Seung Bum Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Myung
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Park
- Department of Pathology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunsun Park
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Dong Il Kim
- Department of Pathology, Green Cross Laboratories, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Cheol Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul-Min Park
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Min Bum Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Gil Chai Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bogun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea.
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31
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Wu M, Zhang X, Lin Y, Zeng Y. Roles of airway basal stem cells in lung homeostasis and regenerative medicine. Respir Res 2022; 23:122. [PMID: 35562719 PMCID: PMC9102684 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway basal stem cells (BSCs) in the proximal airways are recognized as resident stem cells capable of self-renewing and differentiating to virtually every pseudostratified epithelium cell type under steady-state and after acute injury. In homeostasis, BSCs typically maintain a quiescent state. However, when exposed to acute injuries by either physical insults, chemical damage, or pathogen infection, the remaining BSCs increase their proliferation rate apace within the first 24 h and differentiate to restore lung homeostasis. Given the progenitor property of airway BSCs, it is attractive to research their biological characteristics and how they maintain homeostatic airway structure and respond to injury. In this review, we focus on the roles of BSCs in lung homeostasis and regeneration, detail the research progress in the characteristics of airway BSCs, the cellular and molecular signaling communications involved in BSCs-related airway repair and regeneration, and further discuss the in vitro models for airway BSC propagation and their applications in lung regenerative medicine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Stem Cell Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Stem Cell Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijian Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Stem Cell Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. .,Stem Cell Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. .,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Pai AC, Lynch TJ, Ahlers BA, Ievlev V, Engelhardt JF, Parekh KR. A Novel Bioreactor for Reconstitution of the Epithelium and Submucosal Glands in Decellularized Ferret Tracheas. Cells 2022; 11:1027. [PMID: 35326478 PMCID: PMC8947657 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracheal grafts introduce the possibility to treat airway pathologies that require resection. While there has been success with engraftment of the surface airway epithelium (SAE) onto decellularized tracheas, there has been minimal advancement in regenerating the submucosal glands (SMGs). We designed a cost-effective open-system perfusion bioreactor to investigate the engraftment potential of ferret SAEs and murine myoepithelial cells (MECs) on a partly decellularized ferret trachea with the goal of creating a fully functional tracheal replacement. An air-liquid interface was also arranged by perfusing humidified air through the lumen of a recellularized conduit to induce differentiation. Our versatile bioreactor design was shown to support the successful partial decellularization and recellularization of ferret tracheas. The decellularized grafts maintained biomechanical integrity and chondrocyte viability, consistent with other publications. The scaffolds supported SAE basal cell engraftment, and early differentiation was observed once an air-liquid interface had been established. Lastly, MEC engraftment was sustained, with evidence of diffuse SMG reconstitution. This model will help shed light on SMG regeneration and basal cell differentiation in vitro for the development of fully functional tracheal grafts before transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert C. Pai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Thomas J. Lynch
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (T.J.L.); (B.A.A.); (V.I.); (J.F.E.)
| | - Bethany A. Ahlers
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (T.J.L.); (B.A.A.); (V.I.); (J.F.E.)
| | - Vitaly Ievlev
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (T.J.L.); (B.A.A.); (V.I.); (J.F.E.)
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (T.J.L.); (B.A.A.); (V.I.); (J.F.E.)
| | - Kalpaj R. Parekh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
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33
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Hu T, Li Y, Wang X, Chen Y, Nie X, Zhuang R, Li Y, Guo S. Early and Regular Bronchoscopy Examination on Effect of Diagnosis and Prognosis for Patients With Tracheobronchial Tuberculosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:825736. [PMID: 35242788 PMCID: PMC8887597 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.825736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchoscopy is the main method for the diagnosis of tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB). However, it is not well-used in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), leading to misdiagnosis. The aim of this study is to verify the value and feasibility of bronchoscopy for an early diagnosis and treatment of TBTB. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective observational study was performed in patients with active PTB. The ratios of TBTB and tracheobronchial stenosis were analyzed with propensity score matching (PSM) for baseline characteristics, and a Cox regression model was further employed to adjust for residual confounding factors. RESULTS A total of 656 patients with active PTB were enrolled in the study that included 307 patients in the active group and 349 patients in the non-active group. The ratio of TBTB was significantly higher in the active group than that in the non-active group [hazard ratio (HR), 2.31; 95% CI, 1.70-3.14; p < 0.001]. With PSM, the proportion of tracheobronchial stenosis in the non-active group was significantly higher than that in the active group (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.15-2.95; p = 0.011). Moreover, the number of patients with moderate to severe stenosis were significantly higher than that in the active group (HR, 4.13; 95% CI, 2.25-7.63; p < 0.001). Similar results were obtained with multivariate analysis. With 12 months of treatment, both therapeutic effective rate (84.7 vs. 68.2%; p = 0.009) and improvement rate of non-fibrotic tracheobronchial stenosis (79.1 vs. 47.4%; p = 0.022) were higher in the active group than that in the non-active group. CONCLUSION Active and regular bronchoscopy is conducive to early diagnosis of TBTB, combined with prompt anti-tuberculosis therapy, greatly reducing the occurrence of tracheobronchial stenosis and improving prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yishi Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Nie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Rongjuan Zhuang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuliang Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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34
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Sun X, Perl AK, Li R, Bell SM, Sajti E, Kalinichenko VV, Kalin TV, Misra RS, Deshmukh H, Clair G, Kyle J, Crotty Alexander LE, Masso-Silva JA, Kitzmiller JA, Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA, Deutsch G, Guo M, Du Y, Morley MP, Valdez MJ, Yu HV, Jin K, Bardes EE, Zepp JA, Neithamer T, Basil MC, Zacharias WJ, Verheyden J, Young R, Bandyopadhyay G, Lin S, Ansong C, Adkins J, Salomonis N, Aronow BJ, Xu Y, Pryhuber G, Whitsett J, Morrisey EE. A census of the lung: CellCards from LungMAP. Dev Cell 2022; 57:112-145.e2. [PMID: 34936882 PMCID: PMC9202574 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The human lung plays vital roles in respiration, host defense, and basic physiology. Recent technological advancements such as single-cell RNA sequencing and genetic lineage tracing have revealed novel cell types and enriched functional properties of existing cell types in lung. The time has come to take a new census. Initiated by members of the NHLBI-funded LungMAP Consortium and aided by experts in the lung biology community, we synthesized current data into a comprehensive and practical cellular census of the lung. Identities of cell types in the normal lung are captured in individual cell cards with delineation of function, markers, developmental lineages, heterogeneity, regenerative potential, disease links, and key experimental tools. This publication will serve as the starting point of a live, up-to-date guide for lung research at https://www.lungmap.net/cell-cards/. We hope that Lung CellCards will promote the community-wide effort to establish, maintain, and restore respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Anne-Karina Perl
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Rongbo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sheila M Bell
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Eniko Sajti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Ravi S Misra
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, The University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Hitesh Deshmukh
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Geremy Clair
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer Kyle
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Laura E Crotty Alexander
- Deparment of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jorge A Masso-Silva
- Deparment of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph A Kitzmiller
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kathryn A Wikenheiser-Brokamp
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Gail Deutsch
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, OC.8.720, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Minzhe Guo
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yina Du
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael P Morley
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael J Valdez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Haoze V Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kang Jin
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics, Developmental Biology, and Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eric E Bardes
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics, Developmental Biology, and Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jarod A Zepp
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Terren Neithamer
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria C Basil
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William J Zacharias
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jamie Verheyden
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Randee Young
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, The University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Sara Lin
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles Ansong
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Joshua Adkins
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce J Aronow
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics, Developmental Biology, and Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Gloria Pryhuber
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, The University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jeff Whitsett
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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35
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Cucu I, Nicolescu MI. A Synopsis of Signaling Crosstalk of Pericytes and Endothelial Cells in Salivary Gland. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9120144. [PMID: 34940041 PMCID: PMC8700478 DOI: 10.3390/dj9120144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The salivary gland (SG) microvasculature constitutes a dynamic cellular organization instrumental to preserving tissue stability and homeostasis. The interplay between pericytes (PCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) culminates as a key ingredient that coordinates the development, maturation, and integrity of vessel building blocks. PCs, as a variety of mesenchymal stem cells, enthrall in the field of regenerative medicine, supporting the notion of regeneration and repair. PC-EC interconnections are pivotal in the kinetic and intricate process of angiogenesis during both embryological and post-natal development. The disruption of this complex interlinkage corresponds to SG pathogenesis, including inflammation, autoimmune disorders (Sjögren’s syndrome), and tumorigenesis. Here, we provided a global portrayal of major signaling pathways between PCs and ECs that cooperate to enhance vascular steadiness through the synergistic interchange. Additionally, we delineated how the crosstalk among molecular networks affiliate to contribute to a malignant context. Additionally, within SG microarchitecture, telocytes and myoepithelial cells assemble a labyrinthine companionship, which together with PCs appear to synchronize the regenerative potential of parenchymal constituents. By underscoring the intricacy of signaling cascades within cellular latticework, this review sketched a perceptive basis for target-selective drugs to safeguard SG function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Cucu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihnea Ioan Nicolescu
- Division of Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, “Victor Babeș” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
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36
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Fransen LFH, Leonard MO. Small Airway Susceptibility to Chemical and Particle Injury. Respiration 2021; 101:321-333. [PMID: 34649249 DOI: 10.1159/000519344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small airways (SA) in humans are commonly defined as those conducting airways <2 mm in diameter. They are susceptible to particle- and chemical-induced injury and play a major role in the development of airway disease such as COPD and asthma. Susceptibility to injury can be attributed in part to structural features including airflow dynamics and tissue architecture, but recent evidence may indicate a more prominent role for cellular composition in directing toxicological responses. Animal studies support the hypothesis that inherent cellular differences across the tracheobronchial tree, including metabolic CYP450 expression in the distal conducting airways, can influence SA susceptibility to injury. Currently, there is insufficient information in humans to make similar conclusions, prompting further necessary work in this area. An understanding of why the SA are more susceptible to certain chemical and particle exposures than other airway regions is fundamental to our ability to identify hazardous materials, their properties, and accompanying exposure scenarios that compromise lung function. It is also important for the ability to develop appropriate models for toxicity testing. Moreover, it is central to our understanding of SA disease aetiology and how interventional strategies for treatment may be developed. In this review, we will document the structural and cellular airway regional differences that are likely to influence airway susceptibility to injury, including the role of secretory club cells. We will also describe recent advances in single-cell sequencing of human airways, which have provided unprecedented details of cell phenotype, likely to impact airway chemical and particle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Oliver Leonard
- Toxicology Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Didcot, United Kingdom
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37
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Parsons RF, Baquerizo A, Kirchner VA, Malek S, Desai CS, Schenk A, Finger EB, Brennan TV, Parekh KR, MacConmara M, Brayman K, Fair J, Wertheim JA. Challenges, highlights, and opportunities in cellular transplantation: A white paper of the current landscape. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:3225-3238. [PMID: 34212485 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although cellular transplantation remains a relatively small field compared to solid organ transplantation, the prospects for advancement in basic science and clinical care remain bountiful. In this review, notable historical events and the current landscape of the field of cellular transplantation are reviewed with an emphasis on islets (allo- and xeno-), hepatocytes (including bioartificial liver), adoptive regulatory immunotherapy, and stem cells (SCs, specifically endogenous organ-specific and mesenchymal). Also, the nascent but rapidly evolving field of three-dimensional bioprinting is highlighted, including its major processing steps and latest achievements. To reach its full potential where cellular transplants are a more viable alternative than solid organ transplants, fundamental change in how the field is regulated and advanced is needed. Greater public and private investment in the development of cellular transplantation is required. Furthermore, consistent with the call of multiple national transplant societies for allo-islet transplants, the oversight of cellular transplants should mirror that of solid organ transplants and not be classified under the unsustainable, outdated model that requires licensing as a drug with the Food and Drug Administration. Cellular transplantation has the potential to bring profound benefit through progress in bioengineering and regenerative medicine, limiting immunosuppression-related toxicity, and providing markedly reduced surgical morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald F Parsons
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Angeles Baquerizo
- Scripps Center for Cell and Organ Transplantation, La Jolla, California
| | - Varvara A Kirchner
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sayeed Malek
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chirag S Desai
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Austin Schenk
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Erik B Finger
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Todd V Brennan
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kalpaj R Parekh
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Malcolm MacConmara
- Division of Surgical Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kenneth Brayman
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jeffrey Fair
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jason A Wertheim
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
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38
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Jensen-Cody CW, Crooke AK, Rotti PG, Ievlev V, Shahin W, Park SY, Lynch TJ, Engelhardt JF. Lef-1 controls cell cycle progression in airway basal cells to regulate proliferation and differentiation. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1221-1235. [PMID: 33932322 PMCID: PMC8785221 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian airways are lined by a continuous epithelial layer that is maintained by diverse populations of resident multipotent stem cells. These stem cells are responsible for replenishing the epithelium both at homeostasis and following injury, making them promising targets for stem cell and genetic-based therapies for a variety of respiratory diseases. However, the mechanisms that regulate when and how these stem cells proliferate, migrate, and differentiate remains incompletely understood. Here, we find that the high mobility group (HMG) domain transcription factor Lef-1 regulates proliferation and differentiation of mouse tracheal basal cells. We demonstrate that conditional deletion of Lef-1 stalls basal cell proliferation at the G1/S transition of the cell cycle, and that Lef-1 knockout cells are unable to maintain luminal tracheal cell types in long-term air-liquid interface culture. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that Lef-1 knockout (Lef-1KO) results in downregulation of key DNA damage response and cell cycle progression genes, including the kinase Chek1. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of Chek1 is sufficient to stall basal cell self-renewal in a similar fashion as Lef-1 deletion. Notably, the cell cycle block imposed by Lef-1KO in vitro is transient and basal cells eventually compensate to proliferate normally in a Chek1-independent manner. Finally, Lef-1KO cells were unable to fully regenerate tracheal epithelium following injury in vivo. These findings reveal that Lef-1 is essential for proper basal cell function. Thus, modulating Lef-1 function in airway basal cells may have applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandler W Jensen-Cody
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Adrianne K Crooke
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Pavana G Rotti
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Vitaly Ievlev
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Weam Shahin
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Soo-Yeun Park
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Thomas J Lynch
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Tadokoro T, Tanaka K, Osakabe S, Kato M, Kobayashi H, Hogan BLM, Taniguchi H. Dorso-ventral heterogeneity in tracheal basal stem cells. Biol Open 2021; 10:271837. [PMID: 34396394 PMCID: PMC8467549 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tracheal basal cells (BCs) function as stem cells to maintain the epithelium in steady state and repair it after injury. The airway is surrounded by cartilage ventrolaterally and smooth muscle dorsally. Lineage tracing using Krt5-CreER shows dorsal BCs produce more, larger, clones than ventral BCs. Large clones were found between cartilage and smooth muscle where subpopulation of dorsal BCs exists. Three-dimensional organoid culture of BCs demonstrated that dorsal BCs show higher colony forming efficacy to ventral BCs. Gene ontology analysis revealed that genes expressed in dorsal BCs are enriched in wound healing while ventral BCs are enriched in response to external stimulus and immune response. Significantly, ventral BCs express Myostatin, which inhibits the growth of smooth muscle cells, and HGF, which facilitates cartilage repair. The results support the hypothesis that BCs from the dorso-ventral airways have intrinsic molecular and behavioural differences relevant to their in vivo function. Summary: Spatial difference of tracheal epithelium, especially focused on the heterogeneity of basal stem cells, is elucidated by lineage tracing in vivo, histological analysis, tracheosphere culture, and gene ontology analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Tadokoro
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27707, USA.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Shun Osakabe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mimoko Kato
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hisato Kobayashi
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.,Department of Embryology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Brigid L M Hogan
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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40
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Succony L, Gómez-López S, Pennycuick A, Alhendi ASN, Davies D, Clarke SE, Gowers KHC, Wright NA, Jensen KB, Janes SM. Lrig1 expression identifies airway basal cells with high proliferative capacity and restricts lung squamous cell carcinoma growth. Eur Respir J 2021; 59:13993003.00816-2020. [PMID: 34385275 PMCID: PMC8968013 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00816-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) accounts for a significant proportion of cancer deaths worldwide, and is preceded by the appearance of progressively disorganised pre-invasive lesions in the airway epithelium. Yet the biological mechanisms underlying progression of pre-invasive lesions into invasive LUSC are not fully understood. LRIG1 (leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1) is downregulated in pre-invasive airway lesions and invasive LUSC tumours and this correlates with decreased lung cancer patient survival. Methods and results Using an Lrig1 knock-in reporter mouse and human airway epithelial cells collected at bronchoscopy, we show that during homeostasis LRIG1 is heterogeneously expressed in the airway epithelium. In basal airway epithelial cells, the suspected cell of origin of LUSC, LRIG1 identifies a subpopulation of progenitor cells with higher in vitro proliferative and self-renewal potential in both the mouse and human. Using the N-nitroso-tris-chloroethylurea (NTCU)-induced murine model of LUSC, we find that Lrig1 loss-of-function leads to abnormally high cell proliferation during the earliest stages of pre-invasive disease and to the formation of significantly larger invasive tumours, suggesting accelerated disease progression. Conclusion Together, our findings identify LRIG1 as a marker of basal airway progenitor cells with high proliferative potential and as a regulator of pre-invasive lung cancer progression. This work highlights the clinical relevance of LRIG1 and the potential of the NTCU-induced LUSC model for functional assessment of candidate tumour suppressors and oncogenes. LRIG1 is lost in development of squamous cell lung cancers. This study shows that LRIG1 marks basal airway progenitor cells with high proliferative potential and regulates progression of pre-invasive squamous cell lung cancer.https://bit.ly/3AbPtY3
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Succony
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sandra Gómez-López
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Adam Pennycuick
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ahmed S N Alhendi
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Derek Davies
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Clarke
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kate H C Gowers
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas A Wright
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kim B Jensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
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41
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Eenjes E, Buscop-van Kempen M, Boerema-de Munck A, Edel GG, Benthem F, de Kreij-de Bruin L, Schnater M, Tibboel D, Collins J, Rottier RJ. SOX21 modulates SOX2-initiated differentiation of epithelial cells in the extrapulmonary airways. eLife 2021; 10:57325. [PMID: 34286693 PMCID: PMC8331192 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX2 expression levels are crucial for the balance between maintenance and differentiation of airway progenitor cells during development and regeneration. Here, we describe patterning of the mouse proximal airway epithelium by SOX21, which coincides with high levels of SOX2 during development. Airway progenitor cells in this SOX2+/SOX21+ zone show differentiation to basal cells, specifying cells for the extrapulmonary airways. Loss of SOX21 showed an increased differentiation of SOX2+ progenitor cells to basal and ciliated cells during mouse lung development. We propose a mechanism where SOX21 inhibits differentiation of airway progenitors by antagonizing SOX2-induced expression of specific genes involved in airway differentiation. Additionally, in the adult tracheal epithelium, SOX21 inhibits basal to ciliated cell differentiation. This suppressing function of SOX21 on differentiation contrasts SOX2, which mainly drives differentiation of epithelial cells during development and regeneration after injury. Furthermore, using human fetal lung organoids and adult bronchial epithelial cells, we show that SOX2+/SOX21+ regionalization is conserved. Lastly, we show that the interplay between SOX2 and SOX21 is context and concentration dependent leading to regulation of differentiation of the airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Eenjes
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjon Buscop-van Kempen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anne Boerema-de Munck
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gabriela G Edel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Floor Benthem
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisette de Kreij-de Bruin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marco Schnater
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Collins
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robbert J Rottier
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cell biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Ide S, Kobayashi Y, Ide K, Strausser SA, Abe K, Herbek S, O'Brien LL, Crowley SD, Barisoni L, Tata A, Tata PR, Souma T. Ferroptotic stress promotes the accumulation of pro-inflammatory proximal tubular cells in maladaptive renal repair. eLife 2021; 10:68603. [PMID: 34279220 PMCID: PMC8318592 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Overwhelming lipid peroxidation induces ferroptotic stress and ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death that has been implicated in maladaptive renal repair in mice and humans. Using single-cell transcriptomic and mouse genetic approaches, we show that proximal tubular (PT) cells develop a molecularly distinct, pro-inflammatory state following injury. While these inflammatory PT cells transiently appear after mild injury and return to their original state without inducing fibrosis, after severe injury they accumulate and contribute to persistent inflammation. This transient inflammatory PT state significantly downregulates glutathione metabolism genes, making the cells vulnerable to ferroptotic stress. Genetic induction of high ferroptotic stress in these cells after mild injury leads to the accumulation of the inflammatory PT cells, enhancing inflammation and fibrosis. Our study broadens the roles of ferroptotic stress from being a trigger of regulated cell death to include the promotion and accumulation of proinflammatory cells that underlie maladaptive repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Ide
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Yoshihiko Kobayashi
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Kana Ide
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Sarah A Strausser
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Koki Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Savannah Herbek
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Lori L O'Brien
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Steven D Crowley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Laura Barisoni
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States.,Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Aleksandra Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Purushothama Rao Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States.,Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, United States.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Tomokazu Souma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States.,Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, United States
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Alali FM, Tarakji B, Alqhtani NR, Nabhan AB, Alrafedah A, Alenzi A, Kochaji N. Proliferative Activity of Myoepithelial Cells in of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: The aim of the study is to investigate the role of myoepithelial cells in the pathogenesis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) using the double immunohistochemical staining; α _smooth muscle actin (_α-SMA)as specific marker for the myoepithelial cell differentiation and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as a marker for proliferative activity of myoepithelial cells.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of twenty salivary gland specimens (ten MEC and ten normal salivary glands) were studied using double immunohistochemical labeling for α _smooth muscle actin α-SMA) and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The SPSS statistical package was used for data analysis (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0, Released 2011, IBM Corp, and Armonk, NY, USA).
RESULTS: In mucoepidermoid carcinomas, no positivity of α-SMA was seen in neoplastic cells (Frequent test), and it was just observed in the stroma of tumor, in the walls of blood vessels whereas, PCNA was positive, especially in high-grade tumors. In contrast, in normal salivary glands, the proliferating myoepithelial cells are stained by both α-SMA and PCNA.
CONCLUSIONS: We believe that the myoepithelial cells have no a role in the development of mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
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Kishimoto K, Morimoto M. Mammalian tracheal development and reconstruction: insights from in vivo and in vitro studies. Development 2021; 148:dev198192. [PMID: 34228796 PMCID: PMC8276987 DOI: 10.1242/dev.198192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The trachea delivers inhaled air into the lungs for gas exchange. Anomalies in tracheal development can result in life-threatening malformations, such as tracheoesophageal fistula and tracheomalacia. Given the limitations of current therapeutic approaches, development of technologies for the reconstitution of a three-dimensional trachea from stem cells is urgently required. Recently, single-cell sequencing technologies and quantitative analyses from cell to tissue scale have been employed to decipher the cellular basis of tracheal morphogenesis. In this Review, recent advances in mammalian tracheal development and the generation of tracheal tissues from pluripotent stem cells are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Kishimoto
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- RIKEN BDR–CuSTOM Joint Laboratory, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Perinatal Institute, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mitsuru Morimoto
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- RIKEN BDR–CuSTOM Joint Laboratory, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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45
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Khedoe PPPSJ, Wu X, Gosens R, Hiemstra PS. Repairing damaged lungs using regenerative therapy. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 59:85-94. [PMID: 34161852 PMCID: PMC9188766 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for better treatment of lung diseases that are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This urgency is illustrated by the current COVID-19 health crisis. Moderate-to-extensive lung injury characterizes several lung diseases, and not only therapies that reduce such lung injury are needed but also those that regenerate lung tissue and repair existing lung injury. At present, such therapies are not available, but as a result of a rapid increase in our understanding of lung development and repair, lung regenerative therapies are on the horizon. Here, we discuss existing targets for treatment, as well as novel strategies for development of pharmacological and cell therapy-based regenerative treatment for a variety of lung diseases and clinical studies. We discuss how both patient-relevant in vitro disease models using innovative culture techniques and other advanced new technologies aid in the development of pulmonary regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinhui Wu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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46
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Tata A, Chow RD, Tata PR. Epithelial cell plasticity: breaking boundaries and changing landscapes. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51921. [PMID: 34096150 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues respond to a wide variety of environmental and genotoxic stresses. As an adaptive mechanism, cells can deviate from their natural paths to acquire new identities, both within and across lineages. Under extreme conditions, epithelial tissues can utilize "shape-shifting" mechanisms whereby they alter their form and function at a tissue-wide scale. Mounting evidence suggests that in order to acquire these alternate tissue identities, cells follow a core set of "tissue logic" principles based on developmental paradigms. Here, we review the terminology and the concepts that have been put forward to describe cell plasticity. We also provide insights into various cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including genetic mutations, inflammation, microbiota, and therapeutic agents that contribute to cell plasticity. Additionally, we discuss recent studies that have sought to decode the "syntax" of plasticity-i.e., the cellular and molecular principles through which cells acquire new identities in both homeostatic and malignant epithelial tissues-and how these processes can be manipulated for developing novel cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ryan D Chow
- Department of Genetics, Systems Biology Institute, Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Purushothama Rao Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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47
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Aros CJ, Pantoja CJ, Gomperts BN. Wnt signaling in lung development, regeneration, and disease progression. Commun Biol 2021; 4:601. [PMID: 34017045 PMCID: PMC8138018 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract is a vital, intricate system for several important biological processes including mucociliary clearance, airway conductance, and gas exchange. The Wnt signaling pathway plays several crucial and indispensable roles across lung biology in multiple contexts. This review highlights the progress made in characterizing the role of Wnt signaling across several disciplines in lung biology, including development, homeostasis, regeneration following injury, in vitro directed differentiation efforts, and disease progression. We further note uncharted directions in the field that may illuminate important biology. The discoveries made collectively advance our understanding of Wnt signaling in lung biology and have the potential to inform therapeutic advancements for lung diseases. Cody Aros, Carla Pantoja, and Brigitte Gomperts review the key role of Wnt signaling in all aspects of lung development, repair, and disease progression. They provide an overview of recent research findings and highlight where research is needed to further elucidate mechanisms of action, with the aim of improving disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J Aros
- UCLA Department of Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carla J Pantoja
- UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brigitte N Gomperts
- UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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48
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Jiang M, Fang Y, Li Y, Huang H, Wei Z, Gao X, Sung HK, Hu J, Qiang L, Ruan J, Chen Q, Jiang D, Whitsett JA, Ai X, Que J. VEGF receptor 2 (KDR) protects airways from mucus metaplasia through a Sox9-dependent pathway. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1646-1660.e5. [PMID: 34010630 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mucus-secreting goblet cells are the dominant cell type in pulmonary diseases, e.g., asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF), leading to pathologic mucus metaplasia and airway obstruction. Cytokines including IL-13 are the major players in the transdifferentiation of club cells into goblet cells. Unexpectedly, we have uncovered a previously undescribed pathway promoting mucous metaplasia that involves VEGFa and its receptor KDR. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis coupled with genetic mouse modeling demonstrates that loss of epithelial VEGFa, KDR, or MEK/ERK kinase promotes excessive club-to-goblet transdifferentiation during development and regeneration. Sox9 is required for goblet cell differentiation following Kdr inhibition in both mouse and human club cells. Significantly, airway mucous metaplasia in asthmatic and CF patients is also associated with reduced KDR signaling and increased SOX9 expression. Together, these findings reveal an unexpected role for VEGFa/KDR signaling in the defense against mucous metaplasia, offering a potential therapeutic target for this common airway pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, P.R. China; Columbia Center for Human Development & Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yinshan Fang
- Columbia Center for Human Development & Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yu Li
- Columbia Center for Human Development & Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Huachao Huang
- Columbia Center for Human Development & Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zichen Wei
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xia Gao
- Columbia Center for Human Development & Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translation Medicine Program, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jim Hu
- Translation Medicine Program, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Li Qiang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jian Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Qixuan Chen
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, 90048 CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Whitsett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Xingbin Ai
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Columbia Center for Human Development & Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA.
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49
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Nnabue OE, Pletcher SD, Gurrola JG, Goldberg AN, Jordan KM, Knox SM, May AJ. Septum submucosal glands exhibit aberrant morphology and reduced mucin production in chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2021; 11:1443-1451. [PMID: 33956392 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by significant accumulation and thickening of mucus in the sinonasal cavities. One contributor of aberrant mucus production and impaired mucociliary clearance (MCC) is altered function of the sinonasal submucosal glands (SMGs), yet contributions of SMGs to upper airway disease initiation and progression remain unknown. The objective of this study was to characterize the morphology and secretory cell identities of the nasal septum SMGs in both healthy and CRS adults. METHODS Biopsies from adult participants with CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP, n = 4), CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP, n = 8), and non-CRS controls (n = 14) were collected from the posterior septum. Glandular morphology and mucus markers were investigated using histological techniques and high-resolution confocal microscopy. RESULTS Analysis revealed a significant decrease in gland density in the posterior septum of CRSsNP (28% ± 6.15%) and CRSwNP (23% ± 3.09%) compared to control participants (53% ± 1.59%, p < 0.0001). Further analysis of the CRS SMG secretory function revealed an overall decrease in Mucin 5B+ gland mucus being produced. Dilated and cystic ductal structures filled with inspissated mucus were also common to CRS glands. CONCLUSION Here, we describe a significant alteration in SMG structure and function in the adult CRS posterior septum suggesting reduced gland contribution to MCC. The SMGs of both the nose and sinuses may represent targets for future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven D Pletcher
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jose G Gurrola
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrew N Goldberg
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kristiana M Jordan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah M Knox
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alison J May
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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50
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Wang Y, Tang N. The diversity of adult lung epithelial stem cells and their niche in homeostasis and regeneration. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:2045-2059. [PMID: 33948870 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1902-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The adult lung, a workhorse for gas exchange, is continually subjected to a barrage of assaults from the inhaled particles and pathogens. Hence, homeostatic maintenance is of paramount importance. Epithelial stem cells interact with their particular niche in the adult lung to orchestrate both natural tissue rejuvenation and robust post-injury regeneration. Advances in single-cell sequencing, lineage tracing, and living tissue imaging have deepened our understanding about stem cell heterogeneities, transition states, and specific cell lineage markers. In this review, we provided an overview of the known stem/progenitor cells and their subpopulations in different regions of the adult lung, and explored the regulatory networks in stem cells and their respective niche which collectively coordinated stem cell quiescence and regeneration states. We finally discussed relationships between dysregulated stem cell function and lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Nan Tang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China.
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