1
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Fan J, Li Z, Pei L, Hou Y. Post-transcriptional regulation of DEAD-box RNA helicases in hematopoietic malignancies. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101252. [PMID: 38993792 PMCID: PMC11237855 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2024.101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis represents a meticulously regulated and dynamic biological process. Genetic aberrations affecting blood cells, induced by various factors, frequently give rise to hematological tumors. These instances are often accompanied by a multitude of abnormal post-transcriptional regulatory events, including RNA alternative splicing, RNA localization, RNA degradation, and storage. Notably, post-transcriptional regulation plays a pivotal role in preserving hematopoietic homeostasis. The DEAD-Box RNA helicase genes emerge as crucial post-transcriptional regulatory factors, intricately involved in sustaining normal hematopoiesis through diverse mechanisms such as RNA alternative splicing, RNA modification, and ribosome assembly. This review consolidates the existing knowledge on the role of DEAD-box RNA helicases in regulating normal hematopoiesis and underscores the pathogenicity of mutant DEAD-Box RNA helicases in malignant hematopoiesis. Emphasis is placed on elucidating both the positive and negative contributions of DEAD-box RNA helicases within the hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Fan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Pei
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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2
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Ma J, Ross SR. Multifunctional role of DEAD-box helicase 41 in innate immunity, hematopoiesis and disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1451705. [PMID: 39185415 PMCID: PMC11341421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1451705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
DEAD-box helicases are multifunctional proteins participating in many aspects of cellular RNA metabolism. DEAD-box helicase 41 (DDX41) in particular has pivotal roles in innate immune sensing and hematopoietic homeostasis. DDX41 recognizes foreign or self-nucleic acids generated during microbial infection, thereby initiating anti-pathogen responses. DDX41 also binds to RNA (R)-loops, structures consisting of DNA/RNA hybrids and a displaced strand of DNA that occur during transcription, thereby maintaining genome stability by preventing their accumulation. DDX41 deficiency leads to increased R-loop levels, resulting in inflammatory responses that likely influence hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell production and development. Beyond nucleic acid binding, DDX41 associates with proteins involved in RNA splicing as well as cellular proteins involved in innate immunity. DDX41 is also a tumor suppressor in familial and sporadic myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myelogenous leukemia (MDS/AML). In the present review, we summarize the functions of DDX helicases in critical biological processes, particularly focusing on DDX41's association with cellular molecules and the mechanisms underlying its roles in innate immunity, hematopoiesis and the development of myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan R. Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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3
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Stepanchick E, Wilson A, Sulentic AM, Choi K, Hueneman K, Starczynowski DT, Chlon TM. DDX41 haploinsufficiency causes inefficient hematopoiesis under stress and cooperates with p53 mutations to cause hematologic malignancy. Leukemia 2024; 38:1787-1798. [PMID: 38937548 PMCID: PMC11286521 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02304-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Germline heterozygous mutations in DDX41 predispose individuals to hematologic malignancies in adulthood. Most of these DDX41 mutations result in a truncated protein, leading to loss of protein function. To investigate the impact of these mutations on hematopoiesis, we generated mice with hematopoietic-specific knockout of one Ddx41 allele. Under normal steady-state conditions, there was minimal effect on lifelong hematopoiesis, resulting in a mild yet persistent reduction in red blood cell counts. However, stress induced by transplantation of the Ddx41+/- BM resulted in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) defects and onset of hematopoietic failure upon aging. Transcriptomic analysis of HSPC subsets from the transplanted BM revealed activation of cellular stress responses, including upregulation of p53 target genes in erythroid progenitors. To understand how the loss of p53 affects the phenotype of Ddx41+/- HSPCs, we generated mice with combined Ddx41 and Trp53 heterozygous deletions. The reduction in p53 expression rescued the fitness defects in HSPC caused by Ddx41 heterozygosity. However, the combined Ddx41 and Trp53 mutant mice were prone to developing hematologic malignancies that resemble human myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. In conclusion, DDX41 heterozygosity causes dysregulation of the response to hematopoietic stress, which increases the risk of transformation with a p53 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Stepanchick
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Andrew Wilson
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Analise M Sulentic
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kwangmin Choi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kathleen Hueneman
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Daniel T Starczynowski
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Timothy M Chlon
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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4
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Matsui H, Hirata M. Evaluation of the pathogenic potential of germline DDX41 variants in hematopoietic neoplasms using the ACMG/AMP guidelines. Int J Hematol 2024; 119:552-563. [PMID: 38492200 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-024-03728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Clinical use of gene panel testing for hematopoietic neoplasms in areas, such as diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and exploration of treatment options, has increased in recent years. The keys to interpreting gene variants detected in gene panel testing are to distinguish between germline and somatic variants and accurately determine whether the detected variants are pathogenic. If a variant is suspected to be a pathogenic germline variant, it is essential to confirm its consistency with the disease phenotype and gather a thorough family history. Donor eligibility must also be considered, especially if the patient's variant is also detected in the expected donor for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, determining the pathogenicity of gene variants is often complicated, given the current limited availability of databases covering germline variants of hematopoietic neoplasms. This means that hematologists will frequently need to interpret gene variants themselves. Here, we outline how to assess the pathogenicity of germline variants according to criteria from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology standards and guidelines for the interpretation of variants using DDX41, a gene recently shown to be closely associated with myeloid neoplasms with a germline predisposition, as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Matsui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
- Department of Medical Oncology and Translational Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Makoto Hirata
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Tharshan Jeyakanesh J, Nadarajapillai K, Tharanga EMT, Park C, Jo Y, Jeong T, Wan Q, Lee J. Amphiprion clarkii DDX41 modulates fish immune responses: Characterization by expression profiling, antiviral assay, and macrophage polarization analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109365. [PMID: 38199263 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
DDX41, a member of the DEAD-box helicase family, serves as a vital cytosolic DNA sensor and plays a pivotal role in controlling the activation of type I interferon responses in mammals. However, the functional aspects of fish DDX41 remain relatively unexplored. In this study, we identified and characterized the DDX41 gene in Amphiprion clarkii transcriptomes and designated the gene as AcDDX41. The complete open reading frame of AcDDX41 encoded a putative protein comprising 617 amino acids. Notably, the predicted AcDDX41 protein shared several structural features that are conserved in DDX41, including DEXDc, HELICc, and zinc finger domains, as well as conserved sequence "Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (D-E-A-D)." AcDDX41 exhibited the highest sequence homology (99.68 % similarity) with DDX41 from Acanthochromis polyacanthus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that DDX41s from fish formed a branch distinct from that in other animals. All investigated tissues were shown to express AcDDX41 constitutively, with blood showing the highest expression levels, followed by the brain. Furthermore, AcDDX41 expression was significantly induced upon stimulation with poly I:C, lipopolysaccharide, and Vibrio harveyi, indicating its responsiveness to immune stimuli. We confirmed the antiviral function of AcDDX41 by analyzing gene expression and viral replication during viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus infection. Additionally, using a luciferase reporter assay, we validated the ability of AcDDX41 to activate the NF-κB signaling pathway upon stimulation with poly I:C. Finally, AcDDX41 influenced cytokine gene expression and played a regulatory role in macrophage M1 polarization in RAW 264.7 cells. Collectively, these results highlight the significance of AcDDX41 as an immune-related gene that contributes substantially to antiviral defense and regulation of NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeganathan Tharshan Jeyakanesh
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kishanthini Nadarajapillai
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - E M T Tharanga
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheonguk Park
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhwan Jo
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyug Jeong
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Vu GT, Awad V, Norberto MF, Bowman TV, Trompouki E. Nucleic acid-induced inflammation on hematopoietic stem cells. Exp Hematol 2024; 131:104148. [PMID: 38151171 PMCID: PMC11061806 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.104148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis, the process of generating blood cells, starts during development with the primitive, pro-definitive, and definitive hematopoietic waves. The first two waves will generate erythrocytes and myeloid cells, although the definitive wave will give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that are multipotent and can produce most of the blood cells in an adult. Although HSCs are highly proliferative during development, during adulthood they remain quiescent in the bone marrow. Inflammatory signaling in the form of interferons, interleukins, tumor necrosis factors, and others is well-established to influence both developmental and adult hematopoiesis. Here we discuss the role of specific inflammatory pathways that are induced by sensing nucleic acids. We discuss the role of RNA-sensing members of the Toll-like, Rig-I-like, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like, and AIM2-like protein kinase receptors and the DNA-sensing receptors, DEAD-Box helicase 41 (DDX41) and cGAS. The main downstream pathways of these receptors are discussed, as well as their influence on developmental and adult hematopoiesis, including hematopoietic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang To Vu
- IRCAN Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, INSERM Unité 1081, CNRS UMR 7284, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Valerie Awad
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Gottesman Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Bronx, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY
| | - Maria Feliz Norberto
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Gottesman Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Bronx, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY
| | - Teresa V Bowman
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Gottesman Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Bronx, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY; Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY.
| | - Eirini Trompouki
- IRCAN Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, INSERM Unité 1081, CNRS UMR 7284, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
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7
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Arai H, Matsui H, Chi S, Utsu Y, Masuda S, Aotsuka N, Minami Y. Germline Variants and Characteristic Features of Hereditary Hematological Malignancy Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:652. [PMID: 38203823 PMCID: PMC10779750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the proliferation of genetic testing, pathogenic germline variants predisposing to hereditary hematological malignancy syndrome (HHMS) have been identified in an increasing number of genes. Consequently, the field of HHMS is gaining recognition among clinicians and scientists worldwide. Patients with germline genetic abnormalities often have poor outcomes and are candidates for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, HSCT using blood from a related donor should be carefully considered because of the risk that the patient may inherit a pathogenic variant. At present, we now face the challenge of incorporating these advances into clinical practice for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and optimizing the management and surveillance of patients and asymptomatic carriers, with the limitation that evidence-based guidelines are often inadequate. The 2016 revision of the WHO classification added a new section on myeloid malignant neoplasms, including MDS and AML with germline predisposition. The main syndromes can be classified into three groups. Those without pre-existing disease or organ dysfunction; DDX41, TP53, CEBPA, those with pre-existing platelet disorders; ANKRD26, ETV6, RUNX1, and those with other organ dysfunctions; SAMD9/SAMD9L, GATA2, and inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. In this review, we will outline the role of the genes involved in HHMS in order to clarify our understanding of HHMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Arai
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa 277-8577, Japan; (H.A.); (S.C.)
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Japanese Red Cross Narita Hospital, Iidacho, Narita 286-0041, Japan; (Y.U.); (S.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Hirotaka Matsui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji, Chuoku 104-0045, Japan;
- Department of Medical Oncology and Translational Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8665, Japan
| | - SungGi Chi
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa 277-8577, Japan; (H.A.); (S.C.)
| | - Yoshikazu Utsu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Japanese Red Cross Narita Hospital, Iidacho, Narita 286-0041, Japan; (Y.U.); (S.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Shinichi Masuda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Japanese Red Cross Narita Hospital, Iidacho, Narita 286-0041, Japan; (Y.U.); (S.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Nobuyuki Aotsuka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Japanese Red Cross Narita Hospital, Iidacho, Narita 286-0041, Japan; (Y.U.); (S.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Yosuke Minami
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa 277-8577, Japan; (H.A.); (S.C.)
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8
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Bataller A, Loghavi S, Gerstein Y, Bazinet A, Sasaki K, Chien KS, Hammond D, Montalban-Bravo G, Borthakur G, Short N, Issa GC, Kadia TM, Daver N, Tang G, Quesada A, Patel KP, Ravandi F, Fiskus W, Mill CP, Kantarjian HM, Bhalla K, Garcia-Manero G, Oran B, DiNardo CD. Characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with myeloid malignancies and DDX41 variants. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:1780-1790. [PMID: 37665752 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
DDX41 is the most frequently mutated gene in myeloid neoplasms associated with germline predisposition including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We analyzed 3795 patients with myeloid neoplasms and identified 151 (4%) with DDX41 variants and a diagnosis of AML (n = 96), MDS (n = 52), and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (n = 3). The most frequent DDX41 variants were the somatic variant p.R525H, followed by the germline variants p.M1I and p.D140fs. Most neoplasms had a normal karyotype (59%) and the most frequent co-mutations were TP53 (16%) and ASXL1 (15%). 30% of patients had no concomitant mutations besides DDX41 mutation. Patients with myeloid malignancies and DDX41 variants responded well to therapy, with an overall response rate for patients with treatment naïve AML and MDS of 87% and 84%, respectively. The median overall survival (mOS) of patients with treatment-naïve AML or MDS was 49 and 71 months, respectively. Patients with AML treated with low-intensity regimens including venetoclax had an improved survival (2-year OS 91% vs. 60%, p = .02) and lower cumulative incidence of relapse compared to those treated without venetoclax (10% vs. 56%, p = .03). In the 33% of patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the 2-year OS was 80% and 85% for AML and MDS, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Bataller
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sanam Loghavi
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yoheved Gerstein
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alexandre Bazinet
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Koji Sasaki
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kelly S Chien
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Danielle Hammond
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nicholas Short
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ghayas C Issa
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tapan M Kadia
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Naval Daver
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guilin Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andres Quesada
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Keyur P Patel
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Warren Fiskus
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cristopher P Mill
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hagop M Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kapil Bhalla
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guillermo Garcia-Manero
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Betul Oran
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Courtney D DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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9
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Smith JR, Dowling JW, McFadden MI, Karp A, Schwerk J, Woodward JJ, Savan R, Forero A. MEF2A suppresses stress responses that trigger DDX41-dependent IFN production. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112805. [PMID: 37467105 PMCID: PMC10652867 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress in the form of disrupted transcription, loss of organelle integrity, or damage to nucleic acids can elicit inflammatory responses by activating signaling cascades canonically tasked with controlling pathogen infections. These stressors must be kept in check to prevent unscheduled activation of interferon, which contributes to autoinflammation. This study examines the role of the transcription factor myocyte enhancing factor 2A (MEF2A) in setting the threshold of transcriptional stress responses to prevent R-loop accumulation. Increases in R-loops lead to the induction of interferon and inflammatory responses in a DEAD-box helicase 41 (DDX41)-, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-, and stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-dependent manner. The loss of MEF2A results in the activation of ATM and RAD3-related (ATR) kinase, which is also necessary for the activation of STING. This study identifies the role of MEF2A in sustaining transcriptional homeostasis and highlights the role of ATR in positively regulating R-loop-associated inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian R Smith
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jack W Dowling
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Matthew I McFadden
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Andrew Karp
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Discovery PREP, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Johannes Schwerk
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Joshua J Woodward
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ram Savan
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Adriana Forero
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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10
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Huo L, Zhang Z, Zhou H, Xie J, Jiang A, Wang Q, Ding Z, Dai H, Liu D, Wu N, Qiu Q, Ma L, Wang M, Wang W, Xue S, Chen Z, Wu D, Yao H, Chen S, Shen H. Causative germline variant p.Y259C of DDX41 recurrently identified in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2023. [PMID: 37144604 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Huo
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibo Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jundan Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Airui Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Ding
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaocheng Qiu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Ma
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengli Xue
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixing Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Depei Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yao
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Suning Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjie Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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11
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DDX41: the poster child for familial MDS/AML grows up. Blood 2023; 141:447-449. [PMID: 36729548 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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12
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Kim K, Ong F, Sasaki K. Current Understanding of DDX41 Mutations in Myeloid Neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:344. [PMID: 36672294 PMCID: PMC9857085 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The DEAD-box RNA helicase 41 gene, DDX41, is frequently mutated in hereditary myeloid neoplasms, identified in 2% of entire patients with AML/MDS. The pathogenesis of DDX41 mutation is related to the defect in the gene's normal functions of RNA and innate immunity. About 80% of patients with germline DDX41 mutations have somatic mutations in another allele, resulting in the biallelic DDX41 mutation. Patients with the disease with DDX41 mutations reportedly often present with the higher-grade disease, but there are conflicting reports about its impact on survival outcomes. Recent studies using larger cohorts reported a favorable outcome with a better response to standard therapies in patients with DDX41 mutations to patients without DDX41 mutations. For stem-cell transplantation, it is important for patients with DDX41 germline mutations to identify family donors early to improve outcomes. Still, there is a gap in knowledge on whether germline DDX41 mutations and its pathology features can be targetable for treatment, and what constitutes an appropriate screening/surveillance strategy for identified carriers. This article reviews our current understanding of DDX41 mutations in myeloid neoplasms in pathologic and clinical features and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Koji Sasaki
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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Weinreb JT, Bowman TV. Clinical and mechanistic insights into the roles of DDX41 in haematological malignancies. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2736-2745. [PMID: 36036093 PMCID: PMC9669125 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
DEAD-box Helicase 41 (DDX41) is a member of the DExD/H-box helicase family that has a variety of cellular functions. Of note, germline and somatic mutations in the DDX41 gene are prevalently found in myeloid malignancies. Here, we present a comprehensive and analytic review covering relevant clinical, translational and basic science findings on DDX41. We first describe the initial characterisation of DDX41 mutations in patients affected by myelodysplastic syndromes, their associated clinical characteristics, and current treatment modalities. We then cover the known cellular functions of DDX41, spanning from its discovery in Drosophila as a neuroregulator through its more recently described roles in inflammatory signalling, R-loop metabolism and snoRNA processing. We end with a summary of the identified basic functions of DDX41 that when perturbed may contribute to the underlying pathology of haematologic neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T. Weinreb
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Teresa V. Bowman
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and the Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Oncology, Bronx, NY, USA
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14
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Shinriki S, Matsui H. Unique role of DDX41, a DEAD-box type RNA helicase, in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:992340. [PMID: 36119490 PMCID: PMC9478608 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.992340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In myeloid malignancies including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), patient selection and therapeutic strategies are increasingly based on tumor-specific genetic mutations. Among these, mutations in DDX41, which encodes a DEAD-box type RNA helicase, are present in approximately 2–5% of AML and MDS patients; this disease subtype exhibits a distinctive disease phenotype characterized by late age of onset, tendency toward cytopenia in the peripheral blood and bone marrow, a relatively favorable prognosis, and a high frequency of normal karyotypes. Typically, individuals with a loss-of-function germline DDX41 variant in one allele later acquire the p.R525H mutation in the other allele before overt disease manifestation, suggesting that the progressive decrease in DDX41 expression and/or function is involved in myeloid leukemogenesis.RNA helicases play roles in many processes involving RNA metabolism by altering RNA structure and RNA-protein interactions through ATP-dependent helicase activity. A single RNA helicase can play multiple cellular roles, making it difficult to elucidate the mechanisms by which mutations in DDX41 are involved in leukemogenesis. Nevertheless, multiple DDX41 functions have been associated with disease development. The enzyme has been implicated in the regulation of RNA splicing, nucleic acid sensing in the cytoplasm, R-loop resolution, and snoRNA processing.Most of the mutated RNA splicing-related factors in MDS are involved in the recognition and determination of 3’ splice sites (SS), although their individual roles are distinct. On the other hand, DDX41 is likely incorporated into the C complex of the spliceosome, which may define a distinctive disease phenotype. This review summarizes the current understanding of how DDX41 is involved in this unique myeloid malignancy.
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15
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Rio-Machin A, Fitzgibbon J. DDX41: the poster child for familial AML. Blood 2022; 140:667-669. [PMID: 35980681 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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16
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Singh RS, Vidhyasagar V, Yang S, Arna AB, Yadav M, Aggarwal A, Aguilera AN, Shinriki S, Bhanumathy KK, Pandey K, Xu A, Rapin N, Bosch M, DeCoteau J, Xiang J, Vizeacoumar FJ, Zhou Y, Misra V, Matsui H, Ross SR, Wu Y. DDX41 is required for cGAS-STING activation against DNA virus infection. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110856. [PMID: 35613581 PMCID: PMC9205463 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon binding double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is activated and initiates the cGAS-stimulator of IFN genes (STING)-type I interferon pathway. DEAD-box helicase 41 (DDX41) is a DEAD-box helicase, and mutations in DDX41 cause myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we show that DDX41-knockout (KO) cells have reduced type I interferon production after DNA virus infection. Unexpectedly, activations of cGAS and STING are affected in DDX41 KO cells, suggesting that DDX41 functions upstream of cGAS. The recombinant DDX41 protein exhibits ATP-dependent DNA-unwinding activity and ATP-independent strand-annealing activity. The MDS/AML-derived mutant R525H has reduced unwinding activity but retains normal strand-annealing activity and stimulates greater cGAS dinucleotide-synthesis activity than wild-type DDX41. Overexpression of R525H in either DDX41-deficient or -proficient cells results in higher type I interferon production. Our results have led to the hypothesis that DDX41 utilizes its unwinding and annealing activities to regulate the homeostasis of dsDNA and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), which, in turn, regulates cGAS-STING activation. cGAS is activated by dsDNA. Singh et al. find DDX41 regulates cGAS activation through unwinding and annealing activities on dsDNA and ssDNA, respectively, and MDS/AML patient mutant R525H causes overactivation of innate immune response due to its unbalanced activities. This DDX41-cGAS-STING pathway may be related to molecular pathogenesis of MDS/AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shankar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | | | - Shizhuo Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ananna Bhadra Arna
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Manisha Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Aanchal Aggarwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Alexya N Aguilera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Satoru Shinriki
- Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Kannupriya Pandey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Aizhang Xu
- Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Noreen Rapin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Mark Bosch
- Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - John DeCoteau
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Jim Xiang
- Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Franco J Vizeacoumar
- Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Yan Zhou
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Vikram Misra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Hirotaka Matsui
- Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Susan R Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuliang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
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