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Lombó M, Giommi C, Paolucci M, Notarstefano V, Montik N, Delli Carpini G, Ciavattini A, Ragusa A, Maradonna F, Giorgini E, Carnevali O. Preeclampsia Correlates with an Increase in Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Levels Leading to Macromolecular Alterations in Chorionic Villi of Term Placenta. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12931. [PMID: 36361721 PMCID: PMC9656520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a human pregnancy-specific disease characterized by abnormal placentation that usually presents with maternal hypertension and proteinuria. The main hallmark of preeclampsia, impaired trophoblast migration, and the subsequent disruption of uterine arteries remodeling lead to several molecular alterations in the placental compartments with those occurring in the chorionic villi being of the utmost importance. Given the essential role of the endocannabinoid system during preimplantation and trophoblast migration, we have combined the histological and hyperspectral imaging analyses to shed light on the involvement of two cannabinoid receptors in the macromolecular alterations related to preeclampsia. The results obtained by immunohistochemistry showed a significant increase in the protein levels of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) in the preeclamptic chorionic villi. However, no changes were reported regarding transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV-1) levels either in the bulk placental samples or chorionic villi when comparing control and preeclamptic patients. Histological analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRI) showed an increase in collagen deposition together with higher levels of lipid peroxidation and phosphorylated compounds in the pathological villi. Since CB1 enhancement has been described as promoting fibrosis and oxidative stress in several tissues, we proposed that the higher receptor abundance in preeclampsia could be triggering similar molecular effects in preeclamptic term placentas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lombó
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Christian Giommi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Michela Paolucci
- Department of Odontostomatological and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Nina Montik
- Department of Odontostomatological and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Delli Carpini
- Department of Odontostomatological and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciavattini
- Department of Odontostomatological and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Ragusa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Campus Bio Medico di Roma, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Maradonna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- INBB—Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giorgini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- INBB—Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy
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Chasalow F. An Introduction to Spiral Steroids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179523. [PMID: 36076935 PMCID: PMC9455587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to classical steroids, which have cholesterol as a precursor, there are steroids with 7-dehydrocholesterol as a precursor. This review describes the identification of these steroids, their biosynthesis, and some aspects of their function. There are three classes of these compounds, distinguished by the number of their carbon atoms, 23, 24, and 25. Each class has a spiral steroid and is a phosphodiester. Up until these investigations, no spiral steroids or steroid phosphodiesters were known. There are at least 13 compounds, of which six have been purified to near homogeneity; each one has been characterized by its mass and proposed composition, and they function by regulating the NaK-ATPase. Based on the tissues in which they have been detected, each class of compound seems to regulate a different isoform of the NaK-ATPase. This is an important site of endocrine regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Chasalow
- IOMA LLC, Belmont, CA 94002-3321, USA; ; Tel.: +1-650-576-1800
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, VAMC, San Francisco, CA 94121-1545, USA
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