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Liu Z, Liu X, Ma Z, Guan T. Phytosterols in rice bran and their health benefits. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1287405. [PMID: 37899831 PMCID: PMC10600523 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1287405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
With the continuous technological innovation in the high-value utilization of rice bran byproducts, rice bran oil retains a higher concentration of beneficial components such as a well-balanced composition of fatty acids and abundant phytosterols. This makes it a highly nutritious and healthy vegetable oil. This review provides an overview of the advancements made in separating, purifying, and processing phytosterols in rice bran oil. The review also introduces techniques for assessing the stability of rice bran oil. Moreover, the review emphasizes the nutritional value of phytosterols found in rice bran oil, highlighting their various health benefits, including their anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antibacterial, cholesterol-lowering, skin-protective, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, gastroprotective, and immune-enhancing effects. Attaining a comprehensive understanding of the research progress made in phytosterols derived from rice bran oil can offer valuable guidance for the efficient utilization of rice bran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoguo Liu
- Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianzhu Guan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Anjinta A, Usaku C, Boonnoun P, Daisuk P, Shotipruk A. Method Development for Purification of γ-oryzanol from Hydrolyzed Rice Bran Acid Oil by Semi-preparative Chromatography. J Oleo Sci 2023; 72:39-47. [PMID: 36624058 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a method for isolation and purification of γ-oryzanol from hydrolyzed rice bran acid oil (RBAO) using semi-preparative chromatography by first applying silica coated-thin layer chromatography (TLC) to determine the suitable mobile phase. Subsequently, column chromatography was carried out to determine the effects of purification conditions such as the amount of and particle sizes of the sample silica gel, and elution modes, on the percentage of γ-oryzanol yield and recovery. The results from the TLC suggested that 75:25 (v/v) hexane to ethyl acetate mixture was a suitable mobile phase. The semi-chromatographic results indicated that the column containing 10 g of 25-40 μm silica gel with isocratic elution gave the highest yield (84%) of purified γ-oryzanol (> 95% purity). Further application of a step-gradient elution with 85:15 (v/v), followed by 75:25 (v/v) hexane to ethyl acetate mixture increased chromatographic resolution (Rs), resulting in enhanced separation efficiency, which in turn led to a higher yield of purified γ-oryzanol of 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchana Anjinta
- Bio-Circular-Green-economy Technology & Engineering Center, BCGeTEC, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University
| | - Chonlatep Usaku
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University
| | - Panatpong Boonnoun
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Naresuan University
| | - Phannipha Daisuk
- Bio-Circular-Green-economy Technology & Engineering Center, BCGeTEC, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University
| | - Artiwan Shotipruk
- Bio-Circular-Green-economy Technology & Engineering Center, BCGeTEC, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University
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Optimization of Oil Recovery from Japonica Luna Rice Bran by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Applying Design of Experiments: Characterization of the Oil and Mass Transfer Modeling. CHEMENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering6040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study presents an optimization strategy for recovery of oil from Japonica Luna rice bran using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), based on design of experiments (DoE). Initially, a 24−1 two level fractional factorial design (FFD) was used, and pressure, temperature, and scCO2 flow rate were determined as the significant variables; while the yield, total flavonoids content (TFC), and total polyphenols content (TPC) were the response functions used to analyze the quality of the extracts recovered. Subsequently, central composite design (CCD) was applied to examine the effects of the significant variables on the responses and create quadratic surfaces that optimize the latter. The following values of pressure = 34.35 MPa, temperature = 339.5 K, and scCO2 flow rate = 1.8 × 10−3 kg/min were found to simultaneously optimize the yield (6.83%), TPC (61.28 μmol GAE/g ext), and TFC (1696.8 μmol EC/g ext). The fatty acid profile of the oils was characterized by GC-FID. It was demonstrated that the acids in largest quantities are C16:0 (15–16%), C18:1 (41%), and C18:2 (38–39%). Finally, three mass transfer models were applied to determine the mass transfer coefficients and assess the cumulative extraction curves, with an AAD% of 4.16, for the best model.
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Noguera NH, Lima DC, K M Filho JC, Rodrigues RAF. Production of rice bran oil ( Oryza sativa L.) microparticles by spray drying taking advantage of the technological properties of cereal co-products. J Microencapsul 2022; 39:314-326. [PMID: 35587021 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2022.2079743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of the use of rice co-products (flour and protein) on the encapsulation process and on the stability of rice bran oil. METHODS The stability of the emulsions was evaluated by dynamic turbidimetry, zeta potential, and creaming index. Efficiency parameters, particle size, and densities were investigated in the particles. The study of oxidative stability was carried out by the determination of peroxides and volatiles (60 °C for 8 weeks). RESULTS Rice bran oil presented 1.75% ɣ-oryzanol. AG/RP (10% of rice protein): no phase separation after 24 h, higher zeta potential (- 29.09 mV ±0.67), encapsulation efficiency (73.90% ± 0.22) and real density (1.27 g/cm-3), and smaller particle size (8.27 µm ± 0.13). Lower peroxide (AG/RF/RP) and hexanal (AG/RF) levels were associated with the use of rice flour. CONCLUSION The co-products improve the emulsion characteristics, particle properties and stability of the encapsulated oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan H Noguera
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Pluridisciplinary Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture, University of Campinas, Paulínia, Brazil
| | - Dyana C Lima
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Pluridisciplinary Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture, University of Campinas, Paulínia, Brazil
| | - José Claudio K M Filho
- Clinical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Pluridisciplinary Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture, University of Campinas, Paulínia, Brazil
| | - Rodney A F Rodrigues
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Clinical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Pluridisciplinary Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture, University of Campinas, Paulínia, Brazil
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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction, Antioxidant Activity, and Fatty Acid Composition of Bran Oil from Rice Varieties Cultivated in Portugal. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8080115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bran of different rice cultivars produced in Portugal were used to study supercritical carbon dioxide extraction conditions of rice bran oil (RBO) and evaluate and compare antioxidant activity and fatty acid composition of the different rice bran varieties. The effect of plant loading (10–20 g), CO2 flow rate (0.5–1.5 L/min), pressure (20–60 MPa), and temperature (40–80 °C) was studied. The amount of oil extracted ranged from 11.72%, for Ariete cultivar, to 15.60%, for Sirio cultivar. The main fatty acids components obtained were palmitic (13.37%–16.32%), oleic (44.60%–52.56%), and linoleic (29.90%–38.51%). Excellent parameters of the susceptibility to oxidation of the oils were obtained and compare. RBO of Ariete and Gladio varieties presented superior DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, whereas, Minima, Ellebi, and Sirio varieties had the lowest scavenging activities. Moreover, the oil obtained towards the final stages of extraction presented increased antioxidant activity.
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Daisuk P, Shotipruk A. Recovery of γ-oryzanol from rice bran oil soapstock derived calcium soap: Consideration of Hansen solubility parameters and preferential extractability in various solvents. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Benito-Román Ó, Sanz T, Beltrán S. Microencapsulation of rice bran oil using pea protein and maltodextrin mixtures as wall material. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03615. [PMID: 32258508 PMCID: PMC7118307 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the encapsulation of rice bran oil extracted using supercritical CO2 has been studied. In the first stage, the emulsification process by high pressure homogenization was studied and optimized. The effect of the working pressure (60-150 MPa), the composition of the carrier (mixtures of pea protein isolate (PPI) and maltodextrin (MD), from 50 to 90% of PPI) and the carrier to oil ratio (2-4) on the emulsion droplet size (EDS) was studied. To minimize the EDS, moderate pressures (114 MPa), a carrier composed mainly by PPI (64%) and carrier to oil ratios around 3.2 were required. The emulsion obtained in the optimal conditions (EDS = 189 ± 3nm) was dried using different technologies (spray-drying, PGSS-drying and freeze drying). The supercritical CO2 based drying process (PGSS) provided spherical particles that resulted in the smallest average size (but broader distribution) and lower encapsulation efficiency (53 ± 2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ó. Benito-Román
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science (Chemical Engineering Section), Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
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Soares JF, Prá VD, Barrales FM, Santos PD, Kuhn RC, Rezende CA, Martínez J, Mazutti MA. EXTRACTION OF RICE BRAN OIL USING SUPERCRITICAL CO2 COMBINED WITH ULTRASOUND. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20180352s20160447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Development of Colorectal-Targeted Dietary Supplement Tablets Containing Natural Purple Rice Bran Oil as a Colorectal Chemopreventive. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040444. [PMID: 29617306 PMCID: PMC5946229 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer occurs due to various factors. The important risks are dietary lifestyle and inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. It has been found that the inhibitory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the colorectal region can potentially reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. The present study investigated rice bran oil from natural purple rice bran, which exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to evaluate the bioactive compound content of natural purple rice bran oil (NPRBO) derived from native Thai purple rice and the anti-inflammatory activity of NPRBO in colorectal cancer cells, and to develop a colorectal delivery platform in the form of film-coated tablets. NPRBO from the rice bran of five different Thai purple rice cultivars, namely Khao’ Gam Leum-Phua (KGLP), Khao’ Gam Boung (KGB), Khao’ Gam Thor (KGT), Khao’ Gam Pah E-Kaw (KGPEK), and Khao’ Niaw Dam (KND), were extracted using the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technique. The amount of γ-oryzanol (ORY), tocotrienols, and tocopherols present in NPRBOs and the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of NPRBO were investigated. The highest anti-inflammatory NPRBO was transformed into a dry and free-flowing powder by liquisolid techniques. Then, it was compressed into core tablets and coated with Eudragit®L100 and Eudragit® NE30D. The in vitro release study of the film-coated NPRBO tablets was performed in three-phase simulated gastrointestinal media. The cultivar KGLP was superior to the other samples in terms of the ORY, tocotrienol and tocopherol contents and anti-inflammatory activity. Aerosil® was the most suitable absorbent for transforming NPRBO into a free-flowing powder and was used to prepare the NPRBO core tablets. The in vitro KGLP-NPRBO film-coated tablet release profile showed that no ORY was released at gastric pH while 85% of ORY was released at pH 7.4 after 6 h; this would be expected to occur in the colorectal area. Therefore, this study demonstrates the potential of KGLP-NPRBO to prevent colorectal cancer via a specific colorectal dietary supplement delivery system.
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Sohail M, Rakha A, Butt MS, Iqbal MJ, Rashid S. Rice bran nutraceutics: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3771-3780. [PMID: 27015585 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1164120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Agro-industry yields ample quantity of several byproducts with considerable importance. These byproducts are mostly under-utilized, often used as animal feed or rejected as waste; hence their true potential is not harnessed. The use of such superfluous resources is of not only economic significance but also a form of commercial recycling. Rice bran is an important byproduct of rice milling industry with a global potential of 29.3 million tons annually. It is gaining great attention of the researchers due to its nutrient-rich composition, easy availability, low cost, high antioxidant potential, and promising effects against several metabolic ailments. Bioactive components of rice bran, mainly γ-oryzanol, have been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer activities. Rice bran oil contains appreciable quantities of bioactive components and has attained the status of "Heart oil" due to its cardiac-friendly chemical profile. Nutraceutics have successfully been extracted from rice bran using several extraction techniques such as solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, microwave-, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Current paper is an attempt to highlight bioactive moieties of rice bran along with their extraction technologies and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail
- a National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Allah Rakha
- a National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Masood Sadiq Butt
- a National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawad Iqbal
- a National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Summer Rashid
- a National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
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Soares JF, Dal Prá V, de Souza M, Lunelli FC, Abaide E, da Silva JR, Kuhn RC, Martínez J, Mazutti MA. Extraction of rice bran oil using supercritical CO 2 and compressed liquefied petroleum gas. J FOOD ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bitencourt RG, Filho WAR, Paula JT, Garmus TT, Cabral FA. Solubility of γ-oryzanol in supercritical carbon dioxide and extraction from rice bran. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Effect of Subcritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction and Bran Stabilization Methods on Rice Bran Oil. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-015-2596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mezzomo N, Tenfen L, Farias MS, Friedrich MT, Pedrosa RC, Ferreira SRS. Evidence of anti-obesity and mixed hypolipidemic effects of extracts from pink shrimp (Penaeus brasiliensis and Penaeus paulensis) processing residue. J Supercrit Fluids 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Burlando B, Cornara L. Therapeutic properties of rice constituents and derivatives (Oryza sativa L.): A review update. Trends Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Tomita K, Machmudah S, Wahyudiono, Fukuzato R, Kanda H, Quitain AT, Sasaki M, Goto M. Extraction of rice bran oil by supercritical carbon dioxide and solubility consideration. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Siripairoj W, Kaewchada A, Jaree A. Synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers for the separation of gamma-oryzanol by using methacrylic acid as functional monomer. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2013.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yoon SW, Pyo YG, Lee J, Lee JS, Kim BH, Kim IH. The Concentrations of Tocols and ^|^gamma;-Oryzanol Compounds in Rice Bran Oil Obtained by Fractional Extraction with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. J Oleo Sci 2014; 63:47-53. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kaewchada A, Borvornpongsakul C, Jaree A. Synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers from AnAc for the separation of γ-oryzanol. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-012-0021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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