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Liao CH, Chen JY, Liu GY, Xu ZR, Lee S, Chiang CK, Hsieh YT. Supercritical Fluid-Assisted Fabrication of Pd Nanoparticles/Graphene Using a Choline Chloride-Oxalic Acid Deep Eutectic Solvent for Enhancing the Electrochemical Oxidation of Glycerol. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:19930-19938. [PMID: 35721897 PMCID: PMC9202068 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A green method for synthesizing Pd nanoparticles/graphene composites from a choline chloride-oxalic acid deep eutectic solvent (DES) without a reducing agent or a surfactant is reported. Deep eutectic solvents are usually composed of halide salts and hydrogen-bond donors, and many are biocompatible and biodegradable. The merits of deep eutectic solvents include that they serve as reducing agents and dispersants, and Pd nanoparticles are tightly anchored to graphene. The size and dispersion of Pd particles are improved when supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is used because it has gaslike diffusivity and near-zero surface tension, which results in excellent wettability between the scCO2 and the carbon surface. The prepared sc-Pd NPs/GR/SPCE shows excellent activity toward glycerol oxidation compared to composites not fabricated by scCO2 processes. This study demonstrates the potential of using this scCO2-assisted protocol combined with deep eutectic solvents to further construct nanoparticles/graphene composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hao Liao
- Department
of Chemistry, Soochow University, Taipei City 11102, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ying Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Soochow University, Taipei City 11102, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Yang Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien City 97401, Taiwan
| | - Zhe-Rui Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Soochow University, Taipei City 11102, Taiwan
| | - Sheng Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Soochow University, Taipei City 11102, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kang Chiang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien City 97401, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Hsieh
- Department
of Chemistry, Soochow University, Taipei City 11102, Taiwan
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Liu H, Chen BQ, Pan YJ, Fu CP, Kankala RK, Wang SB, Chen AZ. Role of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2) in fabrication of inorganic-based materials: a green and unique route. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2021; 22:695-717. [PMID: 34512177 PMCID: PMC8425740 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2021.1955603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) process has attracted increasing attention in fabricating diverse materials due to the attractive features of environmentally benign nature and economically promising character. Owing to these unique characteristics and high-penetrability, as well as diffusivity conditions of scCO2, this high-pressure technology, with mild operation conditions, cost-effective, and non-toxic, among others, is often applied to fabricate various organic and inorganic-based materials, resulting in the unique crystal architectures (amorphous, crystalline, and heterojunction), tunable architectures (nanoparticles, nanosheets, and aerogels) for diverse applications. In this review, we give an emphasis on the fabrication of various inorganic-based materials, highlighting the recent research on the driving factors for improving the quality of fabrication in scCO2, procedures for production and dispersion in scCO2, as well as common indicators utilized to assess quality and processing ability of materials. Next, we highlight the effects of specific properties of scCO2 towards synthesizing the highly functional inorganic-based nanomaterials. Finally, we summarize this compilation with interesting perspectives, aiming to arouse a more comprehensive utilization of scCO2 to broaden the horizon in exploring the green/eco-friendly processing of such versatile inorganic-based materials. Together, we firmly believe that this compilation endeavors to disclose the latent capability and universal prevalence of scCO2 in the synthesis and processing of inorganic-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Biao-Qi Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jing Pan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Ping Fu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Zheng Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, P. R. China
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Response of Palladium and Carbon Nanotube Composite Films to Hydrogen Gas and Behavior of Conductive Carriers. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13204568. [PMID: 33066660 PMCID: PMC7602456 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To develop a high-performance hydrogen gas sensor, we fabricated a composite film made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and palladium nanoparticles. Carbon nanotubes were spin-coated onto a glass substrate, and subsequently, palladium nanoparticles were sputtered onto this film. The response to hydrogen gas was measured during two seasons (summer and winter) using a vacuum chamber by introducing a hydrogen/argon gas mixture. There was a clear difference in the sensor response despite the temperature difference between summer and winter. In addition, since a clean chamber was used, fewer water molecules acted as a dopant, and the behavior of the CNT changed from p-type to n-type because of the dissociative adsorption of hydrogen. This phenomenon was confirmed as the Seebeck effect. Finally, the work functions of Pd, PdHx, and CNT were calculated by first-principle calculations. As predicted by previous studies, a decrease in work function due to hydrogen adsorption was confirmed; however, the electron transfer to CNT was not appropriate from the perspective of charge neutrality and was found to be localized at the Pd/CNT interface. It seems that the Seebeck effect causes the concentration of conductive carriers to change.
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