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Lam WY, Au SCL. Qualities for transforming a resident to be a great resident. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:3264. [PMID: 37602623 PMCID: PMC10565923 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_928_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Yan Lam
- Department Ophthalmology, Grantham Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sunny Chi Lik Au
- Department Ophthalmology, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Joltikov KA, Khandekar R, Shenoy P, Jain S, Kumar K, Tiwari US, Kochar S, Sood D, Edward DP, Sen A. An ophthalmology professionalism survey tool: outcomes from a multi-center study in Central India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:2953-2958. [PMID: 37530263 PMCID: PMC10538811 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_47_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe a professionalism survey tool and its use to assess knowledge of medical professionalism in ophthalmology training programs in Central India. Settings and Design Multi-center survey study. Methods A validated 33-question, scenario-based survey addressing professionalism attributes was administered at five centers in central India. The attributes tested included "personal characteristics," "physician-patient relationships," "workplace practice and relationships," and "socially responsible behaviors." A mean attribute score (%) was calculated and compared to "gold standard" responses by a group of expert senior ophthalmologists (100% agreement for responses). Results A total of 225 participants completed the survey; 124 residents, 47 fellows, and 54 consultants (98.4% response rate). The total mean attribute score was 80.7 ± 9.1 (min 16.67, max 100). There was variation in the mean attribute score by professionalism attribute (P < 0.001), and a trend toward higher mean attribute scores for consultants compared to trainees across all attribute groups. The scores for "personal characteristics" (93 ± 9.7) and "physician-patient relationship" (82 ± 15.8) were the highest, whereas scores for "socially responsible behaviors" (73.9 ± 18.6) and "workplace practices" were low (72 ± 13). Conclusions There is a generally high level of professionalism knowledge among ophthalmologists in central India. The results suggest that experience does impact knowledge of professionalism. Potential for improvement in professionalism exists in around "workplace practices", and around "socially responsible behaviors". These findings may serve as a valuable discussion starter and teaching tool to enhance professionalism in ophthalmology training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Joltikov
- UIC Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, 1855 West Taylor Street, Chicago Illinois
| | - Rajiv Khandekar
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pratik Shenoy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shri Sadguru Seva Sangh Trust, Sadguru Netra, Chikitsalaya, Chitrakoot, India
| | - Sashi Jain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shri Sadguru Seva Sangh Trust, Sadguru Netra, Chikitsalaya, Chitrakoot, India
| | - Kavita Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Uma Sharan Tiwari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shipli Kochar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Devendra Sood
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shri Sadguru Seva Sangh Trust, Sadguru Netra, Chikitsalaya, Chitrakoot, India
| | - Deepak P Edward
- UIC Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, 1855 West Taylor Street, Chicago Illinois
| | - Alok Sen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shri Sadguru Seva Sangh Trust, Sadguru Netra, Chikitsalaya, Chitrakoot, India
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Bhullar PK, Venkateswaran N. Ophthalmology Residency in the United States: The Case for a National Curriculum. Semin Ophthalmol 2023; 38:167-177. [PMID: 36653736 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2022.2152713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To identify strategies for effective curriculum development and implementation in United States (US) ophthalmology residency training programs. A literature review was conducted for all English-language PubMed/Medline articles relating to ophthalmology residency education or curriculum/curricula. Despite ACGME-defined program requirements outlining curricular goals for US ophthalmology residency training programs, there is no comprehensive, national curriculum with detailed plans for instruction of necessary topics within the 36-month residency training period. Several articles identify a need for detailed curricula on various topics, propose ideas on how residency programs could create curricula, and explore ways of assessing resident competence. There is a paucity of literature evaluating how ophthalmology residents best learn various ophthalmology topics. We need to develop an intentional, comprehensive, and timely national curriculum for ophthalmology residency programs in the US, with detailed plans on how to meet curricular objectives and consideration of the most effective teaching strategies for different ophthalmology concepts.
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Kretz AM, deSante-Bertkau JE, Boland MV, Guo X, Collins ME. Teaching Ethics and Professionalism: A National Survey of Ophthalmology Residency Program Directors. JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC OPHTHALMOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background While ethics and professionalism are important components of graduate medical education, there is limited data about how ethics and professionalism curricula are taught or assessed in ophthalmology residency programs.
Objective This study aimed to determine how U.S. ophthalmology residency programs teach and assess ethics and professionalism and explore trainee preparedness in these areas.
Methods Directors from accredited U.S. ophthalmology residency programs completed an online survey about components of programs' ethics and professionalism teaching curricula, strategies for assessing competence, and trainee preparedness in these areas.
Results Directors from 55 of 116 programs (46%) responded. The most common ethics and professionalism topics taught were informed consent (38/49, 78%) and risk management and litigation (38/49, 78%), respectively; most programs assessed trainee competence via 360-degree global evaluation (36/48, 75%). While most (46/48, 95%) respondents reported that their trainees were well or very well prepared at the time of graduation, 15 of 48 (31%) had prohibited a trainee from graduating or required remediation prior to graduation due to unethical or unprofessional conduct. Nearly every program (37/48, 98%) thought that it was very important to dedicate curricular time to teaching ethics and professionalism. Overall, 16 of 48 respondents (33%) felt that the time spent teaching these topics was too little.
Conclusion Ophthalmology residency program directors recognized the importance of an ethics and professionalism curriculum. However, there was marked variation in teaching and assessment methods. Additional work is necessary to identify optimal strategies for teaching and assessing competence in these areas. In addition, a substantial number of trainees were prohibited from graduating or required remediation due to ethics and professionalism issues, suggesting an impact of unethical and unprofessional behavior on resident attrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M. Kretz
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer E. deSante-Bertkau
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michael V. Boland
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xinxing Guo
- Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Megan E. Collins
- Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Ghaffarifar S, Asghari-Khatooni A, Akbarzadeh A, Pourabbas A, Farshad MS, Masoomi R, Akbarzadeh F. Teaching professionalism in medical residency programs: a scoping review protocol. Syst Rev 2020; 9:281. [PMID: 33278905 PMCID: PMC7719236 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Professionalism is a core competency of medical residents in residency programs. Unprofessional behavior has a negative influence on patient safety, quality of care, and interpersonal relationships. The objective of this scoping review is to map the range of teaching methods of professionalism in medical residency programs (in all specialties and in any setting, whether in secondary, primary, or community care settings). For doing so, all articles which are written in English in any country, regardless of their research design and regardless of the residents' gender, year of study, and ethnic group will be reviewed. METHODS This proposed scoping review will be directed in agreement with the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute for scoping reviews. The six steps of Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework for conducting scoping reviews, updated by Levac et al. (Implement. Sci. 5(1): 69, 2010) will be followed. The findings from this study will be merged with those of the previous Best Evidence Medical Education (BEME) systematic review. All published and unpublished studies from 1980 until the end of 2019 will be reviewed, and the previous BEME review will be updated by the findings of the articles from the beginning of 2010 until the end of 2019. All research designs and all credible evidence will be included in this review. CONCLUSIONS Conducting this scoping review will map the teaching methods of professionalism and will provide an inclusive evidence base to help the medical teachers in the choosing for proper teaching methods for use in their teaching practice. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION Not registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Ghaffarifar
- Medical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Akbarzadeh
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Pourabbas
- Medical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehran Seif Farshad
- Medical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rasoul Masoomi
- Department of Medical Education, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariborz Akbarzadeh
- Medical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Page M, Crampton P, Viney R, Rich A, Griffin A. Teaching medical professionalism: a qualitative exploration of persuasive communication as an educational strategy. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 20:74. [PMID: 32178669 PMCID: PMC7077012 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-1993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Across the world, local standards provide doctors with a backbone of professional attitudes that must be embodied across their practice. However, educational approaches to develop attitudes are undermined by the lack of a theoretical framework. Our research explored the ways in which the General Medical Council's (GMC) programme of preventative educational workshops (the Duties of a Doctor programme) attempted to influence doctors' professional attitudes and examined how persuasive communication theory can advance understandings of professionalism education. METHODS This qualitative study comprised 15 ethnographic observations of the GMC's programme of preventative educational workshops at seven locations across England, as well as qualitative interviews with 55 postgraduate doctors ranging in experience from junior trainees to senior consultants. The sample was purposefully chosen to include various geographic locations, different programme facilitators and doctors, who varied by seniority. Data collection occurred between March to December 2017. Thematic analysis was undertaken inductively, with meaning flowing from the data, and deductively, guided by persuasive communication theory. RESULTS The source (educator); the message (content); and the audience (participants) were revealed as key influences on the persuasiveness of the intervention. Educators established a high degree of credibility amongst doctors and worked to build rapport. Their message was persuasive, in that it drew on rational and emotional communicative techniques and made use of both statistical and narrative evidence. Importantly, the workshops were interactive, which allowed doctors to engage with the message and thus increased its persuasiveness. CONCLUSIONS This study extends the literature by providing a theoretically-informed understanding of an educational intervention aimed at promoting professionalism, examining it through the lens of persuasive communication. Within the context of interactive programmes that allow doctors to discuss real life examples of professional dilemmas, educators can impact on doctors' professional attitudes by drawing on persuasive communication techniques to enhance their credibility to demonstrate expertise, by building rapport and by making use of rational and emotional appeals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Page
- Research Department of Medical Education, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, Room GF/664, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Paul Crampton
- Research Department of Medical Education, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, Room GF/664, London, NW3 2PF, UK
- Hull York Medical School, York University, John Hughlings Jackson Building, University Rd, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Rowena Viney
- Research Department of Medical Education, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, Room GF/664, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Antonia Rich
- Research Department of Medical Education, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, Room GF/664, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Ann Griffin
- Research Department of Medical Education, UCL Medical School (UCLMS), The Directorate, 74 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6AU, UK.
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Stehman CR, Hochman S, Fernández-Frackelton M, Volz EG, Domingues R, Love JN, Soares W. Professionalism Milestones Assessments Used by Emergency Medicine Residency Programs: A Cross-sectional Survey. West J Emerg Med 2019; 21:152-159. [PMID: 31913837 PMCID: PMC6948707 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2019.11.44456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Professionalism is a vital component of quality patient care. While competency in professionalism is Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-mandated, the methods used to evaluate professionalism are not standardized, calling into question the validity of reported measurements. We aimed to determine the type and frequency of methods used by United States (US) -based emergency medicine (EM) residencies to assess accountability (Acc) and professional values (PV), as well as how often graduating residents achieve competency in these areas. Methods We created a cross-sectional survey exploring assessment and perceived competency in Acc and PV, and then modified the survey for content and clarity through feedback from emergency physicians not involved in the study. The final survey was sent to the clinical competency committee (CCC) chair or program director (PD) of the 185 US-based ACGME-accredited EM residencies. We summarized results using descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact testing. Results A total of 121 programs (65.4%) completed the survey. The most frequently used methods of assessment were faculty shift evaluation (89.7%), CCC opinion (86.8%), and faculty summative evaluation (76.4%). Overall, 37% and 42% of residency programs stated that nearly all (greater than 95%) of their graduating residents achieve mastery of Acc and PV non-technical skills, respectively. Only 11.2% of respondents felt their programs were very effective at determining mastery of non-technical skills. Conclusion EM residency programs relied heavily on faculty shift evaluations and summative opinions to determine resident competency in professionalism, with feedback from peers, administrators, and other staff less frequently incorporated. Few residency programs felt their current methods of evaluating professionalism were very effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine R Stehman
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Steven Hochman
- St. Joseph's University Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Paterson, New Jersey.,New York Medical College, Department of Emergency Medicine, Valhalla, New York
| | - Madonna Fernández-Frackelton
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emilio G Volz
- Kendall Regional Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Broward County, Florida
| | - Rui Domingues
- Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jeffrey N Love
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - William Soares
- University of Massachusetts Medical Center-Baystate Health, Springfield, Massachusetts
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Wentzell DD, Chung H, Hanson C, Gooi P. Competency-based medical education in ophthalmology residency training: a review. Can J Ophthalmol 2019; 55:12-19. [PMID: 31712003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Competency-based medical education (CBME) is an outcomes-based training model that has become the new standard of medical education internationally. Regulatory and accrediting bodies have responded by establishing key competencies that residency programs may use to reshape their curricula. Available literature on the implementation of CBME in ophthalmology residency training programs across North America was examined. Ophthalmology-specific residency training objectives and milestones have been proposed within North America in the last 4 years. Curriculum guidelines and implementation blueprints and principles have also been proffered from various sources internationally but have met with some barriers. Assessment tools within ophthalmology have seen the most innovative development within the domain of surgical skills objectives. Competencies outside of the medical expert and patient care roles have proven more challenging to teach and assess. One ophthalmology program in Canada has undergone early implementation of a novel CBME curriculum. There is still considerable work to be done to successfully implement CBME curricula within ophthalmology residency programs in North America. Collaborative efforts to develop customizable curricula, tackle implementation barriers, and create specific assessment modalities will assist programs in meeting the competency mandates of CBME.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Chung
- Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Christopher Hanson
- Cloudbreak Eye Care, Calgary, Alta.; Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Patrick Gooi
- Cloudbreak Eye Care, Calgary, Alta.; Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
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Vora S, Lineberry M, Dobiesz VA. Standardized Patients to Assess Resident Interpersonal Communication Skills and Professional Values Milestones. West J Emerg Med 2018; 19:1019-1023. [PMID: 30429936 PMCID: PMC6225953 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2018.8.37204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been a challenge to assess communication and professional values Milestones in emergency medicine (EM) residents using standardized methods, as mandated by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). This paper outlines an innovative method of assessing these Milestones using an established instructional method. EM faculty mapped the communication and professional values Milestones to an existing communication and interpersonal skills scale. We identified six communication-focused scenarios: death notification; informed consent; medical non-compliance; medical error; treatment refusal; and advanced directives. In a pilot, 18 EM residents completed these six standardized patient (SP) encounters. Our experience suggests SP encounters can support standardized direct observation of residents’ achievement of ACGME Milestones. Further effort can be made to create a tailored, behaviorally-anchored tool that uses the Milestones as the conceptual framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Vora
- Children's Minnesota, Department of Simulation, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Matt Lineberry
- University of Kansas Medical Center and Health System, Zamierowski Institute for Experiential Learning, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Valerie Ann Dobiesz
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, STRATUS Center for Medical Simulation, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts
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Didwania A, Farnan JM, Icayan L, O'Leary KJ, Saathoff M, Bellam S, Humphrey HJ, Wayne DB, Arora VM. Impact of a Video-Based Interactive Workshop on Unprofessional Behaviors Among Internal Medicine Residents. J Grad Med Educ 2017; 9:241-244. [PMID: 28439361 PMCID: PMC5398139 DOI: 10.4300/jgme-d-16-00289.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unprofessional behaviors undermine the hospital learning environment and the quality of patient care. OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of an interactive workshop on the perceptions of and self-reported participation in unprofessional behaviors. METHODS We conducted a pre-post survey study at 3 internal medicine residency programs. For the workshop we identified unprofessional behaviors related to on-call etiquette: "blocking" an admission, disparaging a colleague, and misrepresenting a test as urgent. Formal debriefing tools were utilized to guide the discussion. We fielded an internally developed 20-item survey on perception and participation in unprofessional behaviors prior to the workshop. An online "booster" quiz was delivered at 4 months postworkshop, and the 20-item survey was repeated at 9 months postworkshop. Results were compared to a previously published control from the same institutions, which showed that perceptions of unprofessional behavior did not change and participation in the behaviors worsened over the internship. RESULTS Of 237 eligible residents, 181 (76%) completed both pre- and postsurvey. Residents perceived blocking an admission and the misrepresentation of a test as urgent to be more unprofessional at a 9-month follow-up (2.0 versus 1.74 and 2.63 versus 2.28, respectively; P < .05), with no change in perception for disparaging a colleague. Participation in unprofessional behaviors did not decrease after the workshop, with the exception of misrepresenting a test as urgent (61% versus 50%, P = .019). CONCLUSIONS The results of this multi-site study indicate that an interactive workshop can change perception and may lower participation in some unprofessional behaviors.
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Seif-Farshad M, Bazmi S, Amiri F, Fattahi F, Kiani M. Knowledge of medical professionalism in medical students and physicians at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and affiliated hospitals-Iran. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5380. [PMID: 27828869 PMCID: PMC5106075 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although medical professionalism is a fundamental aspect of competence in medicine and a distinct facet of physicians' competence, evidence suggests that the subject of professionalism is not taught or assessed as part of medical students' curricula in Iran and many other countries. Assessing the knowledge of medical students and physicians about medical professionalism seems to be helpful in identifying the weaknesses of training in the field of professionalism and devise plans for future training on the subject.The present cross-sectional, quantitative, observational, and prevalence study recruited 149 medical interns, clinical residents, physicians, and professors working in hospitals selected through stratified random sampling using a questionnaire designed by the researchers and confirmed for its validity and reliability. The results were analyzed by Stata at a significance level of 0.05.Out of 149 cases, 61.64% were male with the mean age of 30.81 years. A total of 66 participants (44.29%) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 36.44%-52.44%) had heard and 83 (55.70%) (95% CI: 47.55%-63.55%) had not heard the term "medical professionalism" before the study. After adjusting for potential confounders, age and degree did not have statistically significant difference in assessed knowledge of medical professionalism, but sex had (mean difference: 5.88, P = 0.045), and the mean of the female was significantly higher than that of the male participants. The mean percentage of correct answers was 47.67.The present study demonstrated that the medical professionals working in the national healthcare system have an unfavorable theoretical knowledge about medical professionalism in Iran; although this does not indicate that their practices are unethical, it should be noted that one of the prerequisites of possessing a high level of medical professionalism and for establishing a proper relationship between the medical community and the patients is to have a proper knowledge of this concept. Improving behaviors and performances in medical professions requires adequate training on the concepts of medical professionalism and consequently the assessment of the levels of professionalism achieved in medical professionals.
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Malakoff GL, Payne CL, Staton LJ, Kolade VO, Panda M. Accounting for professionalism: an innovative point system to assess resident professionalism. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2014; 4:23313. [PMID: 24765260 PMCID: PMC3992360 DOI: 10.3402/jchimp.v4.23313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Professionalism is a core competency for residency required by the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education. We sought a means to objectively assess professionalism among internal medicine and transitional year residents. INNOVATION We established a point system to document unprofessional behaviors demonstrated by internal medicine and transitional year residents along with opportunities to redeem such negative points by deliberate positive professional acts. The intent of the policy is to assist residents in becoming aware of what constitutes unprofessional behavior and to provide opportunities for remediation by accruing positive points. A committee of core faculty and department leadership including the program director and clinic nurse manager determines professionalism points assigned. Negative points might be awarded for tardiness to mandatory or volunteered for events without a valid excuse, late evaluations or other paperwork required by the department, non-attendance at meetings prepaid by the department, and inappropriate use of personal days or leave. Examples of actions through which positive points can be gained to erase negative points include delivery of a mentored pre-conference talk, noon conference, medical student case/shelf review session, or a written reflection. RESULTS Between 2009 and 2012, 83 residents have trained in our program. Seventeen categorical internal medicine and two transitional year residents have been assigned points. A total of 55 negative points have been assigned and 19 points have been remediated. There appears to be a trend of fewer negative points and more positive points being assigned over each of the past three academic years. CONCLUSION Commitment to personal professional behavior is a lifelong process that residents must commit to during their training. A professionalism policy, which employs a point system, has been instituted in our programs and may be a novel tool to promote awareness and underscore the merits of the professionalism competency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary L Malakoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | | | - Lisa J Staton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Victor O Kolade
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Mukta Panda
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga, TN, USA
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Chen J, Xu J, Zhang C, Fu X. Medical professionalism among clinical physicians in two tertiary hospitals, China. Soc Sci Med 2013; 96:290-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Nichols BG, Nichols LM, Poetker DM, Stadler ME. Operationalizing professionalism: A meaningful and practical integration for resident education. Laryngoscope 2013; 124:110-5. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.24184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brent G. Nichols
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication SciencesMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukee Wisconsin U.S.A
| | - Laura M. Nichols
- Department of Internal MedicineMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukee Wisconsin U.S.A
| | - David M. Poetker
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication SciencesMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukee Wisconsin U.S.A
| | - Michael E. Stadler
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication SciencesMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukee Wisconsin U.S.A
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Khan R, Lee AG, Golnik KC, Paranilam J. Residency education professionalism vignettes. Ophthalmology 2013; 120:874-874.e2. [PMID: 23552086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Professional attitudes and behaviors acquired during undergraduate education in the College of Dentistry, King Saud University. Saudi Dent J 2013; 25:69-74. [PMID: 23960558 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to investigate and evaluate the professional attitudes and behaviors acquired by students and recently graduated dentists during undergraduate education at King Saud University. METHODS This cross-sectional survey used a 27-item questionnaire covering four cumulative theoretical dimensions of professionalism. Questionnaires were distributed to fifth-year students, interns, and demonstrators in the College of Dentistry during the academic year 2010-2011, and 203 completed questionnaires were used in analyses. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize responses. Crosstab and chi-squared tests were used, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. RESULTS The response rate was 79.3% (43.6% of males, 94% of females). Eighty-seven questionnaires were collected from fifth-year students, 92 from interns, and 24 from demonstrators. Many (59%) participants demonstrated high levels of professional attitudes and behaviors, whereas 40% did not comply with the elements of professionalism. Analyses revealed highly significant differences in certain responses with regard to gender, academic level, and grade point average. CONCLUSIONS Although some participants did not possess all professional qualities, all participants possessed at least some elements of professionalism measured in this study. We thus recommend a strategic effort to develop targeted plans emphasizing professionalism at all levels of the dental school curriculum. High-profile role modeling, lectures, seminars, and academic ceremonies are ways of achieving professional development among dental students in parallel with their acquisition of basic scientific knowledge and clinical skills. This approach will formally and informally communicate that professionalism is a core value.
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O'Sullivan H, van Mook W, Fewtrell R, Wass V. Integrating professionalism into the curriculum: AMEE Guide No. 61. MEDICAL TEACHER 2012; 34:e64-e77. [PMID: 22289014 DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2012.655610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Professional values and behaviours are intrinsic to all medical practice, yet remain one of the most difficult subjects to integrate explicitly into a curriculum. Professionalism for the twenty-first century raises challenges not only to adapting the course to changing societal values but also for instilling skills of ongoing self-directed continuous development in trainees for future revalidation. This Guide is based on the contemporary available literature and focuses on instilling Professionalism positively into both undergraduate and postgraduate training deliberately avoiding the more negative aspects of Fitness to Practise. The literature on Professionalism is extensive. An evidence-based approach has been taken throughout. We have selected only some of the available publications to offer practical advice. Comprehensive reviews are available elsewhere (van Mook et al. 2009a-g). This Guide takes a structured stepwise approach and sequentially addresses: (i) agreeing an institutional definition, (ii) structuring the curriculum to integrate learning across all years, (iii) suggesting learning models, (iv) harnessing the impact of the formal, informal and hidden curricula and (v) assessing the learning. Finally, a few well-evaluated case studies for both teaching and assessment have been selected to illustrate our recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen O'Sullivan
- Institute of Learning and Teaching, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, The University of Liverpool, UK.
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Damen A, Remmen R, Wens J, Paulus D. Evidence based post graduate training. A systematic review of reviews based on the WFME quality framework. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2011; 11:80. [PMID: 21977898 PMCID: PMC3200166 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6920-11-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A framework for high quality in post graduate training has been defined by the World Federation of Medical Education (WFME). The objective of this paper is to perform a systematic review of reviews to find current evidence regarding aspects of quality of post graduate training and to organise the results following the 9 areas of the WFME framework. METHODS The systematic literature review was conducted in 2009 in Medline Ovid, EMBASE, ERIC and RDRB databases from 1995 onward. The reviews were selected by two independent researchers and a quality appraisal was based on the SIGN tool. RESULTS 31 reviews met inclusion criteria. The majority of the reviews provided information about the training process (WFME area 2), the assessment of trainees (WFME area 3) and the trainees (WFME area 4). One review covered the area 8 'governance and administration'. No review was found in relation to the mission and outcomes, the evaluation of the training process and the continuous renewal (respectively areas 1, 7 and 9 of the WFME framework). CONCLUSIONS The majority of the reviews provided information about the training process, the assessment of trainees and the trainees. Indicators used for quality assessment purposes of post graduate training should be based on this evidence but further research is needed for some areas in particular to assess the quality of the training process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Damen
- Department of Family Medicine, Centre for General Practice, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Roy Remmen
- Department of Family Medicine, Centre for General Practice, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Johan Wens
- Department of Family Medicine, Centre for General Practice, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dominique Paulus
- Federaal Kenniscentrum voor de Gezondheidszorg - Centre fédéral d'expertise des soins de santé - Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre, Kruidtuinlaan 55, 1000 Brussel, Belgium
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van Mook WNKA, De Grave WS, Gorter SL, Zwaveling JH, Schuwirth LW, van der Vleuten PM. Intensive care medicine trainees' perception of professionalism: a qualitative study. Anaesth Intensive Care 2011; 39:107-15. [PMID: 21375100 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1103900118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Competency-Based Training program in Intensive Care Medicine in Europe identified 12 competency domains. Professionalism was given a prominence equal to technical ability. However, little information pertaining to fellows' views on professionalism is available. A nationwide qualitative study was performed. The moderator asked participants to clarify the terms professionalism and professional behaviour, and to explore the questions "How do you learn the mentioned aspects?" and "What ways of learning do you find useful or superfluous?". Qualitative data analysis software (MAXQDA2007) facilitated analysis using an inductive coding approach. Thirty-five fellows across eight groups participated. The themes most frequently addressed were communication, keeping distance and boundaries, medical knowledge and expertise, respect, teamwork, leadership and organisation and management. Medical knowledge, expertise and technical skills seem to become more tacit when training progresses. Topics can be categorised into themes of workplace-based learning, by gathering practical experience, by following examples and receiving feedback on action, including learning from own and others' mistakes. Formal teaching courses (e.g. communication) and scheduled sessions addressing professionalism aspects were also valued. The emerging themes considered most relevant for intensivists were adequate communication skills and keeping boundaries with patients and relatives. Professionalism is mainly learned 'on the job' from role models in the intensive care unit. Formal teaching courses and sessions addressing professionalism aspects were nevertheless valued, and learning from own and others' mistakes was considered especially useful. Self-reflection as a starting point for learning professionalism was stressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W N K A van Mook
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine Educational Development and Research, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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van Mook WNKA, Van Luijk SJ, Fey-Schoenmakers MJG, Tans G, Rethans JJE, Schuwirth LW, van der Vleuten CPM. Combined formative and summative professional behaviour assessment approach in the bachelor phase of medical school: a Dutch perspective. MEDICAL TEACHER 2010; 32:e517-31. [PMID: 21090939 DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2010.509418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teaching and assessment of professional behaviour (PB) has been receiving increasing attention in the educational literature and educational practice. Although the focus tends to be summative aspects, it seems perfectly feasible to combine formative and summative approaches in one procedural approach. AIMS AND METHOD Although, many examples of frameworks of professionalism and PB can be found in the literature, most originate from North America, and only few are designed in other continents. This article presents the framework for PB that is used at Maastricht medical school, the Netherlands. RESULTS The approach to PB used in the Dutch medical schools is described with special attention to 4 years (2005-2009) of experience with PB education in the first 3 years of the 6-year undergraduate curriculum of Maastricht medical school. Future challenges are identified. CONCLUSIONS The adages 'Assessment drives learning' and 'They do not respect what you do not inspect' [Cohen JJ. 2006. Professionalism in medical education, an American perspective: From evidence to accountability. Med Educ 40, 607-617] suggest that formative and summative aspects of PB assessment can be combined within an assessment framework. Formative and summative assessments do not represent contrasting but rather complementary approaches. The Maastricht medical school framework combines the two approaches, as two sides of the same coin.
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van Luijk SJ, Gorter RC, van Mook WNKA. Promoting professional behaviour in undergraduate medical, dental and veterinary curricula in the Netherlands: evaluation of a joint effort. MEDICAL TEACHER 2010; 32:733-739. [PMID: 20795803 DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2010.505972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND From 2002 onwards, a nationwide working group of representatives from all medical (8), dental (3) and veterinary medicine (1) schools collaborated in order to develop and implement recommendations for teaching and assessing professional behaviour. AIM The aim of this article is to describe the outcomes of this process, including hurdles encountered and challenges to be met. METHOD By a qualitative survey, information was requested on teaching professional behaviour, assessment, instruments used, consequences of unprofessional behaviour and faculty training. RESULTS All schools have adopted at least parts of the 2002 recommendations. Differences exist mainly in the organisational structure of teaching and assessment as well as in the assessment instruments used. In all schools a longitudinal assessment of professional behaviour was accomplished. CONCLUSION All schools involved have made progress since 2002 with regard to teaching and assessment of professional behaviour, resulting in a shift from an instrumental to a cultural change for some schools. A stimulating factor was society's call to focus on patient safety and therefore on assessment of unprofessional behaviour. Hurdles yet to be taken are the involvement of students in the assessment process, teacher confidence in personal assessment capacities, remediation programmes and logistic and administrative support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scheltus J van Luijk
- Free University Medical Centre, Institute for Education and Training, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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van Mook WNKA, Gorter SL, De Grave WS, van Luijk SJ, Wass V, Zwaveling JH, Schuwirth LW, Van Der Vleuten CPM. Bad apples spoil the barrel: Addressing unprofessional behaviour. MEDICAL TEACHER 2010; 32:891-8. [PMID: 21039099 DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2010.497823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Given the changes in society we are experiencing, the increasing focus on patient-centred care and acknowledgement that medical education including professionalism issues needs to continue not only in the residency programmes but also throughout the doctors career, is not surprising. Although most of the literature on professionalism pertains to learning and teaching professionalism issues, addressing unprofessional behaviour and related patient safety issues forms an alternative or perhaps complementary approach. This article describes the possibility of selecting applicants for a medical school based on personality characteristics, the attention to professional lapses in contemporary undergraduate training, as well as the magnitude, aetiology, surveillance and methods of dealing with reports of unprofessional behaviour in postgraduate education and CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walther N K A van Mook
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debeijelaan 25, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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van Mook WNKA, Gorter SL, de Grave WS, van Luijk SJ, O'Sullivan H, Wass V, Zwaveling JH, Schuwirth LW, van der Vleuten CPM. Professionalism beyond medical school: an educational continuum? Eur J Intern Med 2009; 20:e148-52. [PMID: 19892294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Given the changes in society we are experiencing, the increasing focus on patient centred care and acknowledgment that medical education needs to continue not only in the residency programmes but throughout the doctors career, is not surprising. This article describes the attention currently paid to professionalism in the residency programmes, differences in perception of professionalism between patients, faculty, students and residents, differences in professionalism issues in the different educational phases, as well as their consequences for training and assessment regarding professionalism. Continuous medical education in professionalism is thereafter briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walther N K A van Mook
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Lang CW, Smith PJ, Ross LF. Ethics and professionalism in the pediatric curriculum: a survey of pediatric program directors. Pediatrics 2009; 124:1143-51. [PMID: 19752081 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009-0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since 1982, pediatric residency programs have been asked to evaluate trainees for ethical behavior. In 2007, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education required documenting teaching and evaluation of professionalism. Pediatric residency program directors were surveyed to ascertain what they know about the content and process of their ethics and professionalism curricula. METHODS From February to May 2008, 394 program directors from the Association of Pediatric Program Directors were surveyed. RESULTS Of 386 eligible survey respondents, 233 (60%) returned partial or complete surveys. Programs were evenly divided on whether ethics was taught as an organized curriculum or integrated. Professionalism was combined with the ethics curriculum in 27% of programs and taught independently in 38% of programs, but 35% had no professionalism curriculum. More than one third of the respondents did not answer each content and structure question. Approximately two thirds of those who responded stated that their program dedicated <10 hours per year to ethics and professionalism, respectively. Nearly three fourth of programs identified crowding of the curriculum and one third identified lack of faculty expertise as curricular constraints. Respondents expressed interest in more curricular materials from the American Board of Pediatrics or Association of Pediatric Program Directors. CONCLUSIONS Despite requirements to train and evaluate residents in ethics and professionalism, there is a lack of structured curriculum, faculty expertise, and evaluation methodology. Effectiveness of training curricula and evaluation tools need to be assessed if the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requirements for competencies in these areas are to be meaningfully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Walsh Lang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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van Mook WNKA, de Grave WS, Gorter SL, Muijtjens AMM, Zwaveling JH, Schuwirth LW, van der Vleuten CPM. Fellows' in intensive care medicine views on professionalism and how they learn it. Intensive Care Med 2009; 36:296-303. [PMID: 19771410 PMCID: PMC2809310 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-009-1644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The emphasis on the importance of professionalism in a recent CoBaTrICE-IT paper was impressive. However, insight into the elements of professionalism as perceived relevant for intensivists from the fellows' view, and how these are taught and learned, is limited. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS A nationwide study was performed in 2007-2008. All ICM fellows (n = 90) were sent a questionnaire containing the following questions regarding training in professionalism (7-point Likert scale (1 = very inadequate, 7 = very adequate)): which are the elements perceived to be important in intensivists'' daily practice (38 items, cat. I)? Which methods of learning and teaching are recognised (16 items, cat. II)? Which methods of teaching and learning are considered especially useful (16 items, cat. III)? Finally, the perceived quantity and quality of formal and informal learning methods, as well as the responsible organisational body was studied. Data were analysed using SPSS 15.0. RESULTS Response was 75.5 % (n = 68), mean age 34 years. Regarding Elements, scores on virtually all items were high. The factor 'striving for excellence' explained half the variance. Two other aspects, 'Teamwork' and 'Dealing with ethical dilemmas', were identified. Regarding Methods, three dimensions, 'formal curriculum'', 'private and academic experiences' and 'role modelling', proved important. The factor 'formal curriculum' explained most of the variance. Regarding Usefulness the same factors, now mainly explained by the factor Private and academic experiences, emerged with variance. In both categories the items 'observations in daily practice' and 'watching television programmes like ER and House' were the highest- and lowest-scoring items (5.99 and 5.81, and 2.69 and 2.49, respectively). Mean scores regarding the quantity of formal and informal teaching were 4.06 and 4.58 (range 1.841 and 1.519). For the quality of teaching, the figures were 4.22 and 4.52 (range 1.659 and 1.560, respectively). 54 suggestions for improvement of teaching were documented. The need for some form of formal teaching of professionalism aspects as well as for feedback was most frequently mentioned (n = 19 and 16). The local training centres are considered and should remain pivotal for teaching professionalism issues (n = 17 and 28). CONCLUSIONS Almost all elements of professionalism were considered relevant to intensivists' daily practice. Although formal teaching methods regarding professionalism aspects are easily recognised in daily practice, learning by personal experiences and informal ways quantitatively plays a more important, and more valued role. Qualitative comments, nevertheless, stress the need for providing and receiving (solicited and unsolicited) feedback, thereby requesting expansion of formal teaching methods. The local training centres (should continue to) play a major role in teaching professionalism, although an additional role for the (inter)national intensive care organisations remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walther N K A van Mook
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debeyelaan 25, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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van Mook WNKA, van Luijk SJ, de Grave W, O'Sullivan H, Wass V, Schuwirth LW, van der Vleuten CPM. Teaching and learning professional behavior in practice. Eur J Intern Med 2009; 20:e105-11. [PMID: 19712827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper is the fourth article in a series on Professionalism and provides an overview of current methods used for teaching and learning about professionalism. The questions "whether" and "how" professionalism can be placed in the formal medical school curricula are addressed, and the informal learning related to professionalism reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walther N K A van Mook
- Department of Intensive Care and Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Lee AG, Oetting T, Beaver HA, Carter K. The ACGME Outcome Project in Ophthalmology: Practical Recommendations for Overcoming the Barriers to Local Implementation of the National Mandate. Surv Ophthalmol 2009; 54:507-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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How resident unprofessional behavior is identified and managed: a program director survey. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008; 198:692.e1-4; discussion 692.e4-5. [PMID: 18538156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Revised: 01/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine how unprofessional behavior by residents is identified/ managed within residency programs, and under what conditions concerns are communicated to potential employers. STUDY DESIGN A web-based survey was emailed to 241 directors of US obstetrics and gynecology residency programs. RESULTS 141 program directors (PDs) responded (58%). 84% of PDs indicated that problems with professionalism most commonly come to their attention through personal communication. Methods of addressing the problem included expression of expectation of improvement (95%), psychological counseling (68%), placing resident on probation (59%), and dismissal (30%). The majority of PDs felt remediation was not completely successful. All PDs are willing to communicate professionalism concerns to potential employers, but 42% provide this information only if asked. CONCLUSION Resident unprofessional behavior is a common problem for program directors, and remediation is challenging. PDs are willing to express concerns to potential employers, but a significant percentage indicate concerns only if asked.
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