1
|
Merel S, Benzing S, Gleiser C, Di Napoli-Davis G, Zwiener C. Occurrence and overlooked sources of the biocide carbendazim in wastewater and surface water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 239:512-521. [PMID: 29684878 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbendazim is a fungicide commonly used as active substance in plant protection products and biocidal products, for instance to protect facades of buildings against fungi. However, the subsequent occurrence of this fungicide and potential endocrine disruptor in the aqueous environment is a major concern. In this study, high resolution mass spectrometry shows that carbendazim can be detected with an increasing abundance from the source to the mouth of the River Rhine. Unexpectedly, the abundance of carbendazim correlates poorly with that of other fungicides used as active ingredients in plant protection products (r2 of 0.32 for cyproconazole and r2 of 0.57 for propiconazole) but it correlates linearly with that of pharmaceuticals (r2 of 0.86 for carbamazepine and r2 of 0.89 for lamotrigine). These results suggest that the occurrence of carbendazim in surface water comes mainly from the discharge of treated domestic wastewater. This hypothesis is further confirmed by the detection of carbendazim in wastewater effluents (n = 22). In fact, bench-scale leaching tests of textiles and papers revealed that these materials commonly found in households could be a source of carbendazim in domestic wastewater. Moreover, additional river samples collected nearby two paper industries indicate that the discharge of their treated process effluents is also a source of carbendazim in the environment. While characterizing paper and textile as overlooked sources of carbendazim, this study also shows the biocide as a possible ubiquitous wastewater contaminant that would require further systematic and worldwide monitoring due to its toxicological properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Merel
- Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Saskia Benzing
- Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Carolin Gleiser
- Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Gina Di Napoli-Davis
- Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Christian Zwiener
- Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Okuda Y, Kushida M, Sumida K, Nagahori H, Nakamura Y, Higuchi H, Kawamura S, Lake BG, Cohen SM, Yamada T. Editor’s Highlight: Mode of Action Analysis for Rat Hepatocellular Tumors Produced by the Synthetic Pyrethroid Momfluorothrin: Evidence for Activation of the Constitutive Androstane Receptor and Mitogenicity in Rat Hepatocytes. Toxicol Sci 2017; 158:412-430. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
|
3
|
Tomei G, Rosati MV, Ciarrocca M, Capozzella A, Pimpinella B, Palitti T, Casale T, Di Famiani M, Filippelli C, Cangemi C, Giubilati R, Monti C, Tomei F. Urban stressors and plasmatic 17-β-estradiol (E2) in male exposed workers. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 23:537-43. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233708089043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to evaluate if the occupational exposure to urban stressors could cause alterations in 17-β-estradiol (E2) plasma levels and related disorders in male traffic police compared with a control group. After excluding from the study, the subjects with the principal confounding factors, traffic police and controls were matched by age, working life, Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking and drinking habit. A total of 171 male traffic police and 171 controls were included in the study. In traffic police, mean E2 values were significantly lower versus controls ( P < 0.001). The distribution of E2 values in traffic police and controls was significant ( P < 0.001). No significant differences were found in percentage of traffic police versus controls concerning the following questionnaire items: fertility and mental health diseases. Our results suggest that the occupational exposure to chemical urban stressor, interacting with and adding to the psychosocial ones, could alter plasma E2 concentrations in male traffic police compared with a control group. According to our previous researches on other neuro-immune-endocrine parameters, E2 could be used as an early biological marker, valuable for the group, to be used in occupational set even before the onset of the pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Tomei
- Department of Psychiatric Science and Psychological Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - MV Rosati
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - M Ciarrocca
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - A Capozzella
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - B Pimpinella
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - T Palitti
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - T Casale
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - M Di Famiani
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - C Filippelli
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - C Cangemi
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - R Giubilati
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - C Monti
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - F Tomei
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Lm Solano M, Montagner CC, Vaccari C, Jardim WF, Anselmo-Franci JA, de Og Carolino R, Luvizutto JF, de A Umbuzeiro G, de Camargo JL. Potential endocrine disruptor activity of drinking water samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4161/23273747.2014.983384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marize de Lm Solano
- Botucatu Medical School; São Paulo State University - UNESP; Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- School of Technology; University of Campinas- UNICAMP; Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Vaccari
- Botucatu Medical School; São Paulo State University - UNESP; Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson F Jardim
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas- UNICAMP; Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Fl Luvizutto
- Botucatu Medical School; São Paulo State University - UNESP; Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - João Lv de Camargo
- Botucatu Medical School; São Paulo State University - UNESP; Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kawaratani Y, Matsuoka T, Hirata Y, Fukata N, Nagaoka Y, Uesato S. Influence of the carbamate fungicide benomyl on the gene expression and activity of aromatase in the human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:292-299. [PMID: 25543211 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The carbamate fungicide benomyl reportedly inhibited the growth of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 by inducing apoptosis. However, influence of benomyl on the expression and activity of aromatase of MCF-7 cells remains to be examined, since benomyl was identified as an endocrine disruptor. We here confirmed through cell cycle analysis and immunofluorescence staining that benomyl damaged microtubules and caused apoptosis. We also found that benomyl inhibited histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1 and accumulated acetylated histone H3 in MCF-7 cells. Additionally, benomyl enhanced the levels of aromatase protein and mRNA, albeit at high concentrations. It is thus likely that benomyl enhanced the promoter activity of the aromatase gene via acetylation of histone H3 as does the HDAC inhibitor Vorinostat. In conclusion, benomyl remains to be a risk factor as an endocrine disruptor for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Kawaratani
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Matsuoka
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Hirata
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.
| | - Naofumi Fukata
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Nagaoka
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Uesato
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Robitaille CN, Rivest P, Sanderson JT. Antiandrogenic mechanisms of pesticides in human LNCaP prostate and H295R adrenocortical carcinoma cells. Toxicol Sci 2014; 143:126-35. [PMID: 25324206 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several pesticides suspected or known to have endocrine disrupting effects were screened for pro- or antiandrogenic properties by determining their effects on proliferation, prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) secretion and androgen receptor (AR) expression, and AR phosphorylation in androgen-dependent LNCaP human prostate cancer cells, as well as on the expression and catalytic activity of the enzyme CYP17 in H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cells, an in vitro model of steroidogenesis. Effects on SRD5A gene expression were determined in both cell lines. Benomyl, vinclozolin, and prochloraz, but not atrazine, concentration dependently (1-30 μM) decreased dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-stimulated proliferation of LNCaP cells. All pesticides except atrazine decreased DHT-stimulated PSA secretion, AR nuclear accumulation, and AR phosphorylation on serines 81 and 213 in LNCaP cells. Benomyl and prochloraz, but not vinclozolin or atrazine, decreased levels of CYP17 gene and protein expression, as well as catalytic activity in H295R cells. In the case of prochloraz, some of these effects corresponded with cytotoxicity. H295R cells expressed AR protein and SRD5A1, but not SRD5A2 transcripts. SRD5A1 gene expression in H295R cells was increased by 10 nM DHT, whereas in LNCaP cells significant induction was observed by 0.1 nM DHT. AR protein expression in H295R cells was not increased by DHT. Vinclozolin decreased DHT-induced SRD5A1 gene expression in LNCaP, but not H295R cells, indicating a functional difference of AR between the cell lines. In conclusion, pesticides may exert antiandrogenic effects through several mechanisms that are cell type-specific, including AR antagonism and down-regulation or catalytic inhibition of androgen biosynthetic enzymes, such as CYP17 and SRD5A1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Robitaille
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 1B7
| | - Patricia Rivest
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 1B7
| | - J Thomas Sanderson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 1B7
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rama EM, Bortolan S, Vieira ML, Gerardin DCC, Moreira EG. Reproductive and possible hormonal effects of carbendazim. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 69:476-86. [PMID: 24863245 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to better elucidate reproductive and possible hormonal effects of the fungicide carbendazim (CBZ) through a review of published toxicological studies as well as an evaluation of this fungicide in the Hershberger and uterotrophic assays, which are designed to detect in vivo effects of the sex hormones. The literature review indicates that CBZ induces reproductive and developmental toxicity through alteration of many key events which are important to spermatogenesis. The lower dose of CBZ (100mg/kg) evaluated in the Hershberger test increased prostate weight compared to control group but did not alter the weight of other testosterone-dependent tissues. In the uterotrophic assay, CBZ did not induce an estrogenic or an antiestrogenic effect. In the literature, it has been reported that CBZ may: (1) alter the levels of various hormones (testosterone, LH, FSH, GnRH); (2) negatively influence testicular steroidogenesis; (3) have androgenic effects acting directly in the androgenic receptors and/or increasing the expression of androgen receptors. Despite the contradictory results reported by the different studies that investigated a possible endocrine mode of action of CBZ, it seems that this fungicide may influence the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis in addition to being a testicular toxicant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elkiane Macedo Rama
- Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Simone Bortolan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Milene Leivas Vieira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Novais SC, De Coen W, Amorim MJB. Gene expression responses linked to reproduction effect concentrations (EC 10,20,50,90) of dimethoate, atrazine and carbendazim, in Enchytraeus albidus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36068. [PMID: 22558331 PMCID: PMC3338630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular mechanisms of response to pesticides are scarce and information on such responses from soil invertebrates is almost inexistent. Enchytraeus albidus (Oligochaeta) is a standard soil ecotoxicology model species for which effects of many pesticides are known on survival, reproduction and avoidance behaviour. With the recent microarray development additional information can be retrieved on the molecular effects. Methodology/Principal Findings Experiments were performed to investigate the transcription responses of E. albidus when exposed to three pesticides – dimethoate (insecticide), atrazine (herbicide) and carbendazim (fungicide) – in a range of concentrations that inhibited reproduction by 10%, 20%, 50% and 90% (EC10, EC20, EC50 and EC90, respectively). The goal of this study was to further identify key biological processes affected by each compound and if dose-related. All three pesticides significantly affected biological processes like translation, regulation of the cell cycle or general response to stress. Intracellular signalling and microtubule-based movement were affected by dimethoate and carbendazim whereas atrazine affected lipid and steroid metabolism (also by dimethoate) or carbohydrate metabolism (also by carbendazim). Response to DNA damage/DNA repair was exclusively affected by carbendazim. Conclusions Changes in gene expression were significantly altered after 2 days of exposure in a dose-related manner. The mechanisms of response were comparable with the ones for mammals, suggesting across species conserved modes of action. The present results indicate the potential of using gene expression in risk assessment and the advantage as early markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Novais
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sasaya H, Yasuzumi K, Maruoka H, Fujita A, Kato Y, Waki T, Shimoke K, Ikeuchi T. Apoptosis-inducing activity of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in cultured PC12 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/abc.2012.22012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
10
|
Aït-Aïssa S, Laskowski S, Laville N, Porcher JM, Brion F. Anti-androgenic activities of environmental pesticides in the MDA-kb2 reporter cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1979-85. [PMID: 20736058 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides have been suspected to act as endocrine disruptive compounds (EDCs) through several mechanisms of action, however data are still needed for a number of currently used pesticides. In the present study, 30 environmental pesticides selected from different chemical classes (azole, carbamate, dicarboximide, organochlorine, organophosphorus, oxadiazole, phenylureas, pyrazole, pyrimidine, pyrethroid and sulfonylureas) were tested for their ability to alter in vitro the transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor in the MDA-kb2 reporter cell line. The responsiveness of the system was checked by using a panel of reference ligands of androgen and glucocorticoid receptors. When tested alone at concentrations up to 10 μM, none of the studied pesticides were able to induce the reporter gene after a 18 h exposure. Conversely, co-exposure experiments with 0.1 nM dihydrotestosterone (DHT) allowed identifying 15 active pesticides with IC(50) ranging from 0.2 μM for vinclozolin to 12 μM for fenarimol. Fipronil and bupirimate were here newly described for their AR antagonistic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Aït-Aïssa
- Unité d'Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), BP 2, F-60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim DJ, Seok SH, Baek MW, Lee HY, Na YR, Park SH, Lee HK, Dutta NK, Kawakami K, Park JH. Benomyl induction of brain aromatase and toxic effects in the zebrafish embryo. J Appl Toxicol 2009; 29:289-94. [PMID: 19058295 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Benomyl is a benzimidazole fungicide that has been widely used on a variety of food crops and ornamental plants. It is known to cause adverse effects on reproductive systems, including decreased testicular and epididymal weights and reduced epididymal sperm counts and fertility. The brain aromatase gene is up-regulated by estrogens and estrogen mimics and considered a target gene to screen estrogen mimics. This study was designed to test the estrogenic potential and toxic effects of benomyl in the zebrafish system, and validated this system as a model that may correspond to the effect of benomyl in rodents. Concentrations of 20 x 10(-6), 40 x 10(-6) and 80 x 10(-6) M of benomyl-treated embryos showed decreased survival, hatching and heart rates, and increased incidence of malformations, such as pericardial edema, spinal lordosis, elongated heart, head edema, eye lens protrusion and caudal fin disappearance. Benomyl induced enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) in transient zebrafish embryos with a brain aromatase-based reporter gene. In this study, we determined that benomyl has estrogenic potential based on zebrafish brain aromatase gene induction, and that benomyl is toxic at 20 x 10(-6) M concentration and higher. These results demonstrate the usefulness of zebrafish embryos as an in vivo system to examine the estrogenic and developmental toxic potential of unknown compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jae Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK2 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shinlim-dong, Kwanak-ku, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiao B, Yeung EKC, Chan CB, Cheng CHK. Establishment of a transgenic yeast screening system for estrogenicity and identification of the anti-estrogenic activity of malachite green. J Cell Biochem 2009; 105:1399-409. [PMID: 18980245 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors refer to chemical compounds in the environment which interfere with the endocrine systems of organisms. Among them, environmental estrogens pose serious problems to aquatic organisms, in particular fish. It is therefore important and necessary to have a fast and low-cost system to screen the large number of different chemical compounds in the aquatic environment for their potential endocrine disrupting actions. In this study, a screening platform was developed to detect xenoestrogens in the aquatic environment using the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and applied for compound screening. The aim was to demonstrate any significant potential differences between the fish screening system and the human screening system. To this end, a yeast expression vector harboring a fish estrogen receptor alpha and a reporter vector containing the estrogen responsive element fused with the Escherichia coli LacZ gene were constructed. After transformation with these two vectors, the transformed yeast clones were confirmed by Western blotting and selected on the basis of the beta-galactosidase activity. In this transgenic yeast system, the natural estrogen (estradiol) and other known xenoestrogens such as diethylstilbestrol, bisphenol A, genistein and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane exhibited dose-dependent activities. Using this system, more than 40 putative endocrine disruptors including phytoestrogens, pesticides, herbicides, industrial dyes and other industrial chemicals were screened. Ten of them were demonstrated to exhibit estrogenic actions. Industrial dyes such as malachite green (MG) that disrupt thyroid hormone synthesis are extensively used and are widely distributed in the aquatic environment. Using this system, MG did not show any estrogenic action, but was demonstrated to exhibit anti-estrogenic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baowei Jiao
- Environmental Science Program, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu G, Guo Q, Xie L, Liu Y, Wang X. Effects of subchronic exposure to carbendazim on spermatogenesis and fertility in male rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2009; 25:41-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233709103033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of subchronic exposure to carbendazim on spermatogenesis and fertility in male rats. Ninety-eight healthy male rats were divided into four groups: three exposure groups and a control group. Carbendazim was administered orally to male rats at 0, 20, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 80 days prior to mating. Each male was cohabited with an unexposed female for a maximum of 5 days. In 100 and 200 mg/kg groups, the mating index was relatively increased, the fertility index was decreased, and the testis weight, the sperm counts and motility were also decreased. The levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) showed a decreasing tendency and there was a statistical difference between the 200 mg/kg group and the control group. There were no obvious effects on the levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone (T). Histopathological evaluation showed atrophic seminiferous tubules, decreased germ cells, and increased sloughing of germ cells. Flow cytometric analysis of the testicular tissue revealed that carbendazim inhibited meiotic transformation and interfered with the spermatogenic process. These results suggest that carbendazim has adverse effects on spermatogenesis, resulting in reduced fertility in male rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Yu
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Disease, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Q Guo
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Disease, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - L Xie
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Disease, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Disease, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Disease, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
McKinlay R, Plant JA, Bell JNB, Voulvoulis N. Endocrine disrupting pesticides: implications for risk assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2008; 34:168-83. [PMID: 17881056 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2007.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting (ED) chemicals are compounds that alter the normal functioning of the endocrine system, potentially causing disease or deformity in organisms and their offspring. Pesticides are used widely to kill unwanted organisms in crops, public areas, homes and gardens and medicinally to kill parasites. Many are proven or suspected to be EDs. Ancient physiological similarities between different vertebrate groups suggest that disorders observed in wildlife may indicate risks to humans. This makes accurate risk assessment and effective legislation difficult. In this paper, the hazardous properties of pesticides which are known to have ED properties are reviewed in order to assess the implications for risk assessment. As well as data on sources of exposure in the United Kingdom (UK) an assessment of the evidence on the health effects of ED pesticides is also included. In total, 127 have been identified from the literature and their effects and modes of action are listed in this paper. Using the UK as a case study, the types and quantities of pesticides used, and their methods of application are assessed, along with their potential pathways to humans. In the UK reliable data are available only for agricultural use, so non-agricultural routes of pesticide exposure have been poorly quantified. The exposure of people resident in or visiting rural areas could also have been grossly under-estimated. Material links between ED pesticide use and specific illnesses or deformities are complicated by the multifactorial nature of disease, which can be affected by factors such as diet. Despite these difficulties, a large body of evidence has accumulated linking specific conditions to ED pesticides in wildlife and humans. A more precautionary approach to the use of ED pesticides, especially for non-essential purposes is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R McKinlay
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Roy P, Alevizaki M, Huhtaniemi I. In vitro bioassays for androgens and their diagnostic applications. Hum Reprod Update 2007; 14:73-82. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmm038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
16
|
Tinwell H, Friry-Santini C, Rouquié D, Belluco S, Elies L, Pallen C, Bars R. Evaluation of the Antiandrogenic Effects of Flutamide, DDE, and Linuron in the Weanling Rat Assay Using Organ Weight, Histopathological, and Proteomic Approaches. Toxicol Sci 2007; 100:54-65. [PMID: 17686919 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfm208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently funding the validation of the Hershberger assay as a rapid in vivo means of identifying (anti-) androgens. However, as the assay measures weight changes in the androgen-sensitive tissues of castrated rats, the evaluation of the androgen-stimulated intact weanling as a more ethical model to use in the assay has been requested. As part of the OECD validation exercise two weak antiandrogens, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4 chlorophenyl)ethane (DDE) and linuron (LIN), were investigated in our laboratory at several dose levels in the testosterone propionate (TP)-stimulated weanling using flutamide (FM) as a positive control. In addition to weight measurements (sex accessory tissues [SATs], epididymides, and testes), histopathological assessment of the seminal vesicles, prostate, and testes was conducted for vehicle control, TP-stimulated, and TP-stimulated animals treated with FM or the top dose level of DDE or LIN. The modulation of a novel prostate protein associated with apoptosis, L-amino acid oxidase (LAO), was evaluated in these same treatment groups. Our gravimetric data (supported by the histopathology data) indicated that the weanling assay can detect SAT and epididymal weight changes induced by the antiandrogens evaluated. Inconsistent and variable data were recorded for the testicular weight and histopathological effects, suggesting that the testis is of little value in the identification of antiandrogens using this model. Three isoforms of LAO were identified, and all were regulated by TP. Modulation of LAO by the antiandrogens indicated that this protein could be a biomarker for endocrine disruption in male rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Tinwell
- Department of Research Toxicology, Bayer CropScience, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|