1
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Adedara IA, Atanda OE, Sant'Anna Monteiro C, Rosemberg DB, Aschner M, Farombi EO, Rocha JBT, Furian AF, Emanuelli T. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of aflatoxin B 1-mediated neurotoxicity: The therapeutic role of natural bioactive compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116869. [PMID: 37567382 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a dietary toxin from the mold Aspergillus species, is well acknowledged to elicit extra-hepatic toxicity in both animals and humans. The neurotoxicity of AFB1 has become a global public health concern. Contemporary research on how AFB1 enters the brain to elicit neuronal dysregulation leading to noxious neurological outcomes has increased greatly in recent years. The current review discusses several neurotoxic outcomes and susceptible targets of AFB1 toxicity at cellular, molecular and genetic levels. Specifically, neurotoxicity studies involving the use of brain homogenates, neuroblastoma cell line IMR-32, human brain microvascular endothelial cells, microglial cells, and astrocytes, as well as mammalian and non-mammalian models to unravel the mechanisms associated with AFB1 exposure are highlighted. Further, some naturally occurring bioactive compounds with compelling therapeutic effects on AFB1-induced neurotoxicity are reviewed. In conclusion, available data from literature highlight AFB1 as a neurotoxin and its possible pathological contribution to neurological disorders. Further mechanistic studies aimed at discovering and developing effective therapeutics for AFB1 neurotoxicity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Adedara
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Oluwadarasimi E Atanda
- Human Toxicology Program, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Camila Sant'Anna Monteiro
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine Forchheimer 209; 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joao B T Rocha
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Furian
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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2
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Wang SY, Herrera-Balandrano DD, Shi XC, Chen X, Liu FQ, Laborda P. Occurrence of aflatoxins in water and decontamination strategies: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119703. [PMID: 36758357 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are highly carcinogenic metabolites produced by some Aspergillus species and are the most prevalent mycotoxins. Although aflatoxins are commonly synthesized during fungal colonization in preharvest maize, cereals, and nuts, they can be transported by rainfall to surface water and are a common toxin found in wastewater from some food industries. Here, the occurrence of aflatoxins in bodies of water is reviewed for the first time, along with the decontamination methods. Aflatoxins have been detected in surface, wastewater and drinking water, including tap and bottled water. The specific sources of water contamination remain unclear, which is an important gap that must be addressed in future research. Two main kinds of decontamination methods have been reported, including degradation and adsorption. The best degradation rates were observed using gamma and UV irradiations, oxidoreductases and ozone, while the best adsorption abilities were observed with minerals, polyvinyl alcohol, durian peel and activated carbon. Synthetic polymers could be used as membranes in pipes to remove aflatoxins in water flows. Although most decontamination methods were screened using AFB1, the other commonly found aflatoxins were not used in the screenings. Overall, the occurrence of aflatoxins in water could be a significant emerging public health concern largely ignored by local and international legislation. Numerous advances have been reported for the decontamination of aflatoxins in water; however, there is still a long way to go to put them into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | | | - Xin-Chi Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Feng-Quan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Pedro Laborda
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
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3
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Liu X, Singh R, Li M, Li G, Min R, Marques C, Zhang B, Kumar S. Plasmonic sensor based on offset-splicing and waist-expanded taper using multicore fiber for detection of Aflatoxins B1 in critical sectors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:4783-4802. [PMID: 36785437 DOI: 10.1364/oe.479870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, authors have developed a portable, sensitive, and quick-response fiber optic sensor that is capable of detection of Aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) quantitatively and qualitatively. Using multi-mode fiber (MMF) and multi-core fiber (MCF), the MMF-MCF-MCF-MMF fiber structure based on symmetric transverse offset splicing and waist-expanded taper is fabricated. The evanescent waves are enhanced to form a strong evanescent field by etching the fiber surface with hydrofluoric acid. To successfully excite the localized surface plasmon resonance phenomenon, gold nanoparticles are deposited on the optical fiber probe's surface. Further, to modify the fiber optic probes, Niobium carbide (Nb2CTx) MXene and AFB1 antibodies are functionalized. Nb2CTx MXene is employed to strengthen the biocompatibility of the sensor and increase the specific surface area of the fiber probe, while AFB1 antibody is used to identify AFB1 micro-biomolecules in a specific manner. The reproducibility, reusability, stability, and selectivity of the proposed fiber probe are tested and validated using various concentration of AFB1 solutions. Finally, the linear range, sensitivity, and limit of detection of the sensing probe are determined as 0 - 1000 nM, 11.7 nm/µM, and 26.41 nM, respectively. The sensor offers an indispensable technique, low-cost solution and portability for AFB1-specific detection in agricultural products and their byproducts with its novel optical fiber structure and superior detecting capability. It is also useful for marine species like fish and consequently affecting health of human body.
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4
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Acuña-Gutiérrez C, Jiménez VM, Müller J. Occurrence of mycotoxins in pulses. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:4002-4017. [PMID: 35876644 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pulses, dry grains of the Fabaceae family used for food and feed, are particularly important agricultural products with increasing commercial and nutritional relevance. Similar to other plant commodities, pulses can be affected by fungi in the field and during postharvest. Some of these fungi produce mycotoxins, which can seriously threaten human and animal health by causing acute poisoning and chronic effects. In this review, information referring to the analysis and occurrence of these compounds in pulses is summarized. An overview of the aims pursued, and of the methodologies employed for mycotoxin analysis in the different reports is presented, followed by a comprehensive review of relevant articles on mycotoxins in pulses, categorized according to the geographical region, among other considerations. Moreover, special attention was given to the effect of climatic conditions on microorganism infestation and mycotoxin accumulation. Furthermore, the limited literature available was considered to look for possible correlations between the degree of fungal infection and the mycotoxin incidence in pulses. In addition, the potential effect of certain phenolic compounds on reducing fungi infestation and mycotoxin accumulation was reviewed with examples on beans. Emphasis was also given to a specific group of mycotoxins, the phomopsins, that mainly impact lupin. Finally, the negative consequences of mycotoxin accumulation on the physiology and development of contaminated seeds and seedlings are presented, focusing on the few reports available on pulses. Given the agricultural and nutritional potential that pulses offer for human well-being, their promotion should be accompanied by attention to food safety issues, and mycotoxins might be among the most serious threats. Practical Application: According to the manuscript template available in the website, this section is for "JFS original research manuscripts ONLY; optional". Since we are publishing in CRFSFS this requirement will not be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Acuña-Gutiérrez
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Tropics and Subtropics Group (440e), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.,CIGRAS, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - Víctor M Jiménez
- CIGRAS, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.,IIA, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - Joachim Müller
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Tropics and Subtropics Group (440e), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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5
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Jafari S, Burr L, Migliorelli D, Galve R, Marco MP, Campbell K, Elliott C, Suman M, Sturla SJ, Generelli S. Smartphone-based magneto-immunosensor on carbon black modified screen-printed electrodes for point-of-need detection of aflatoxin B1 in cereals. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1221:340118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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6
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Khansili N, Murali Krishna P. Sensitive Metal Oxide-Clay Nanocomposite Colorimetric Sensor Development for Aflatoxin Detection in Foods: Corn and Almond. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:14911-14925. [PMID: 34151073 PMCID: PMC8209818 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The work reports on zinc oxide bentonite nanocomposite (ZnOBt) chemical route synthesis, characterization, and investigation of curcumin (Cur) functionalization for a label-free colorimetric detection of total aflatoxins (AFs) in foods. XRD of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) confirmed the wurtzite structure (2θ = 36.2°) and that of ZnOBt showed the intercalated interlayer composite phase. The Debye-Scherrer relation calculated the crystallite size as 20 nm (ZnO) and 24.4 nm (ZnOBt). Surface morphology by SEM exhibited flower-like hexagonal, rod-shaped ZnO NPs on the bentonite surface. Colorimetric reaction involved two-stage redox reactions between ZnOBt and dye Cur followed by AFs phenolic group and Zn(Cur)OBt. Cur gets oxidized at its diketone moiety in the presence of ZnOBt to form a red colored complex Zn(Cur)OBt, which further scavenge protons from AFs phenolic group, and gets oxidized to AFs-Zn(Cur)OBt (yellow). Binding of AFs-Zn(Cur)OBt is characterized by FT-IR ascribed to C-H bending (1966.615 cm-1), O-H stretching (3256.974 cm-1), and C=O stretching (1647.362 cm-1). 1H NMR chemical shifts (δ) (ppm) showed an increase in proton at the aliphatic region (0 to 4.4) while removal of proton in ether at 4.4 to 6 regions. Job plot calculation using UV-Vis data resulted in a higher total AF binding coefficient of Zn(Cur)OBt (K a = 3.77 × 106 mol-1 L) compared to Zn(Cur)O (K a = 0.645 × 106 mol-1 L) as well as a molar ratio of 1:1 by the Benesi-Hildebrand plot equation. Corn and almond food samples showed the total AFs LOD of 2.74 and 4.34 ppb, respectively. The results are validated with standard LC/MS-MS in compliance with MRL value as per the regulatory standard (EU).The NP-based method is facile and rapid and hence can be utilized for onsite detection of total AFs in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Khansili
- Department of Basic and Applied
Science, National Institute of Food Technology
Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Haryana 131028, India
| | - Prayaga Murali Krishna
- Department of Basic and Applied
Science, National Institute of Food Technology
Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Haryana 131028, India
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7
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Guo JB, Wei TL, He QH, Cheng JS, Qiu XZ, Liu WP, Lan XQ, Chen LF, Guo M. A magnetic-separation-based homogeneous immunosensor for the detection of deoxynivalenol coupled with a nano-affinity cleaning up for LC-MS/MS confirmation. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2021.1886254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Biao Guo
- Shaoguan College, Shaoguan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tai-Long Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hua He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Xiu-Zhen Qiu
- Shaoguan College, Shaoguan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wang-Pei Liu
- Shaoguan Food and Drug Inspection Institute, Shaoguan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian-Quan Lan
- Shaoguan Food and Drug Inspection Institute, Shaoguan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu-Fen Chen
- Comprehensive Technology Service Center of Shaoguan Customs, Shaoguan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Guo
- Comprehensive Technology Service Center of Shaoguan Customs, Shaoguan, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Tian Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Xu J, Yu X. A Flexible PI/Si/SiO 2 Piezoresistive Microcantilever for Trace-Level Detection of Aflatoxin B1. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:1118. [PMID: 33562752 PMCID: PMC7915870 DOI: 10.3390/s21041118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a polyimide (PI)/Si/SiO2-based piezoresistive microcantilever biosensor was developed to achieve a trace level detection for aflatoxin B1. To take advantage of both the high piezoresistance coefficient of single-crystal silicon and the small spring constant of PI, the flexible piezoresistive microcantilever was designed using the buried oxide (BOX) layer of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer as a bottom passivation layer, the topmost single-crystal silicon layer as a piezoresistor layer, and a thin PI film as a top passivation layer. To obtain higher sensitivity and output voltage stability, four identical piezoresistors, two of which were located in the substrate and two integrated in the microcantilevers, were composed of a quarter-bridge configuration wheatstone bridge. The fabricated PI/Si/SiO2 microcantilever showed good mechanical properties with a spring constant of 21.31 nN/μm and a deflection sensitivity of 3.54 × 10-7 nm-1. The microcantilever biosensor also showed a stable voltage output in the Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) buffer with a fluctuation less than 1 μV @ 3 V. By functionalizing anti-aflatoxin B1 on the sensing piezoresistive microcantilever with a biotin avidin system (BAS), a linear aflatoxin B1 detection concentration resulting from 1 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL was obtained, and the toxic molecule detection also showed good specificity. The experimental results indicate that the PI/Si/SiO2 flexible piezoresistive microcantilever biosensor has excellent abilities in trace-level and specific detections of aflatoxin B1 and other biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaomei Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (Y.T.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (J.X.)
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9
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Xu Z, Long LL, Chen YQ, Chen ML, Cheng YH. A nanozyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for sensitive detection of aflatoxin B 1. Food Chem 2020; 338:128039. [PMID: 32932091 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to avoid the occurrence of false positives and false negatives caused by conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we established a novel indirect competitive MOF-linked immunosorbent assay (MOFLISA) method for the high throughput and high sensitive detection of aflatoxin B1. This method replaces the natural enzyme with functional MOFs to catalyze a chromogenic system. As a result, the limit of detection (LOD) of the MOFLISA method was 0.009 ng·mL-1 with a linear working range from 0.01 to 20 ng·mL-1. The developed MOFLISA method for AFB1 has a 20-fold improved LOD value compared with the conventional ELISA. The recoveries and relative standard deviations (RSD) ranged from 86.41 to 99.74% and 2.38-9.04%, respectively. The results demonstrate that the recovery rate and accuracy of this detection method is better than that of conventional ELISA, reducing risks offalsepositive andfalsenegativeresults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xu
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China.
| | - Ling-Li Long
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Mao-Long Chen
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Yun-Hui Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China.
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10
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Separation and quantification of aflatoxins in grains using modified dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Yamasaki T, Miyake S, Sato N, Hirakawa Y, Iwasa S, Narita H, Watanabe T. Development of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Analysis of Total Aflatoxins Based on Monoclonal Antibody Reactive with Aflatoxins B 1, B 2, G 1 and G 2. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2019; 59:200-205. [PMID: 30429417 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.59.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dc-ELISA) was developed for the determination of total amount of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2), using a mouse monoclonal antibody that shows similar reactivity to each of these AFs. The working range of the developed dc-ELISA was 50-230 pg/mL for AFB1, 50-270 pg/mL for AFB2, 60-390 pg/mL for AFG1 and 65-700 pg/mL for AFG2. The recovery of AFs from spiked roasted peanuts was 98%. Further, when 4 samples actually contaminated with AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 were examined, the results of dc-ELISA were highly correlated with the values assigned by the Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme. The developed dc-ELISA appears to be suitable for the determination of total AFs at concentrations around the maximum permitted level (10 μg/kg for all foods) in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Yamasaki
- Kyoto Women's University.,Advanced Science, Technology & Management Research Institute of Kyoto
| | - Shiro Miyake
- Advanced Science, Technology & Management Research Institute of Kyoto.,HORIBA, Ltd.,Azabu University
| | | | - Yuki Hirakawa
- Kyoto Women's University.,Advanced Science, Technology & Management Research Institute of Kyoto
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12
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Development of a chemiluminescent aptasensor for ultrasensitive and selective detection of aflatoxin B1 in peanut and milk. Talanta 2019; 201:52-57. [PMID: 31122460 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
More and more attention about food safety leads to a research hotspot to develop new detection methods for food contaminant. To address the problems of serious interference and low sensitivity, a chemiluminescent aptasensor for the detection of aflatoxin B1(AFB1) in food was developed in this paper. It is based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalyze the luminol chemiluminescence reaction. The hybridization chain reaction (HCR) signal amplification strategy has been used to improve the detection sensitivity. Magnetic separation could further reduce background signal obviously at the same time. AFB1 as a model of analyte to test the capability of our developed assay system. Under the optimal experimental conditions, CL intensity showed a good linear correlation with the concentrations of AFB1 ranging from 0.5 to 40 ng mL-1. The limit of detection was estimated 0.2 ng mL-1 based on 3 times of the signal-to-noise ratio which is lower than those of the previously reported sensors. It could be used to detect AFB1 content in real samples, such as peanuts and milk which were purchased in local supermarket. The results proved that the sensing system has good anti-interference and selectivity. In all, it has potential for practical application in food safety field.
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13
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Xiong Y, Gao B, Wu K, Wu Y, Chai Y, Huang X, Xiong Y. Fluorescence immunoassay based on the enzyme cleaving ss-DNA to regulate the synthesis of histone-ds-poly(AT) templated copper nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:19890-19897. [PMID: 30345445 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06175k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, for the first time we report a novel competitive fluorescence immunoassay for the ultrasensitive detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) using histone-ds-poly(AT) templated copper nanoparticles (His-pAT CuNPs) as the fluorescent indicator. In this immunoassay, glucose oxidase (Gox) was used as the carrier of the competing antigen to catalyze the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from glucose. H2O2 was converted to a hydroxyl radical using Fenton's reagent, which further regulated the fluorescence signals of His-pAT CuNPs. Owing to the ultrahigh sensitivity of the ss-DNA to the hydroxyl radical, the proposed fluorescence immunoassay exhibited a favorable dynamic linear detection of AFB1 ranging from 0.46 pg mL-1 to 400 pg mL-1 with an good half maximal inhibitory concentration and limit of detection of 6.13 and 0.15 pg mL-1, respectively. The intra- and inter-assay showed that the average recoveries for AFB1 spiked corn samples ranged from 96.87% to 100.73% and 96.67% to 114.92%, respectively. The reliability of this method was further confirmed by adopting ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with the fluorescence detector method. In summary, this work offers a novel screening strategy with high sensitivity and robustness for the quantitative detection of mycotoxins or other pollutants for food safety and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P. R. China.
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14
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Peroxidase-catalyzed chemiluminescence system and its application in immunoassay. Talanta 2018; 180:260-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Discrimination of aflatoxin contamination level in nutmeg by fluorescence fingerprint measurement. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Xie G, Zhu M, Liu Z, Zhang B, Shi M, Wang S. Development and evaluation of the magnetic particle-based chemiluminescence immunoassay for rapid and quantitative detection of Aflatoxin B1 in foodstuff. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1416591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xie
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Guizhou Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of The People’s Republic of China, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenjiang Liu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingjin Shi
- Kangyuan Techbio Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Suqian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Degradation and detoxification of aflatoxin B 1 using nitrogen gas plasma generated by a static induction thyristor as a pulsed power supply. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Matumba L, Singano L, Pungulani L, Mvula N, Matumba A, Singano C, Matita G. Aflatoxins, discolouration and insect damage in dried cowpea and pigeon pea in Malawi and the effectiveness of flotation/washing operation in eliminating the aflatoxins. Mycotoxin Res 2017; 33:129-137. [DOI: 10.1007/s12550-017-0272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Li Y, Zhang S, Dai H, Lin Y, Zeng B, Hong Z. Silicon phthalocyanine-decorated TiO2 mesocrystal coupled with multifunctional all-carbon structure for multistep cascade signal amplifier in photoelectrochemical immunoassay. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Antibody-free colorimetric determination of total aflatoxins by mercury(II)-mediated aggregation of lysine-functionalized gold nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Ma X, Chen Z, Kannan P, Lin Z, Qiu B, Guo L. Gold Nanorods as Colorful Chromogenic Substrates for Semiquantitative Detection of Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Small Molecules with the Naked Eye. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3227-34. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Ma
- Institute of Nanomedicine
and Nanobiosensing, The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology
for Food Safety of the MOE and Fujian Province, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Zhitao Chen
- Institute of Nanomedicine
and Nanobiosensing, The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology
for Food Safety of the MOE and Fujian Province, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
- Fuqing Entry-Exit Inspection & Quarantine Bureau of P. R. China, Fuqing, 350300, China
| | - Palanisamy Kannan
- Singapore Centre on Environment Life Sciences
Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS-01N-27, 637457, Singapore
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- Institute of Nanomedicine
and Nanobiosensing, The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology
for Food Safety of the MOE and Fujian Province, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Institute of Nanomedicine
and Nanobiosensing, The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology
for Food Safety of the MOE and Fujian Province, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Longhua Guo
- Institute of Nanomedicine
and Nanobiosensing, The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology
for Food Safety of the MOE and Fujian Province, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
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22
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Yu X, Sheng Y, Zhao Y, Fan A. Employment of bromophenol red and bovine serum albumin as luminol signal co-enhancer in chemiluminescent detection of sequence-specific DNA. Talanta 2016; 148:264-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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23
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Li A, Tang L, Song D, Song S, Ma W, Xu L, Kuang H, Wu X, Liu L, Chen X, Xu C. A SERS-active sensor based on heterogeneous gold nanostar core-silver nanoparticle satellite assemblies for ultrasensitive detection of aflatoxinB1. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:1873-1878. [PMID: 26732202 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08372a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor based on gold nanostar (Au NS) core-silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) satellites was fabricated for the first time to detect aflatoxinB1 (AFB1). We constructed the SERS sensor using AFB1 aptamer (DNA1)-modified Ag satellites and a complementary sequence (DNA2)-modified Au NS core. The Raman label (ATP) was modified on the surface of Ag satellites. The SERS signal was enhanced when the satellite NP was attached to the Au core NS. The AFB1 aptamer on the surface of Ag satellites would bind to the targets when AFB1 was present in the system, Ag satellites were then removed and the SERS signal decreased. This SERS sensor showed superior specificity for AFB1 and the linear detection range was from 1 to 1000 pg mL(-1) with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.48 pg mL(-1). The excellent recovery experiment using peanut milk demonstrated that the sensor could be applied in food and environmental detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aike Li
- Cereals & Oils Nutrition Research Group, Academy of Science & Technology of State Administration of Grain, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lijuan Tang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dan Song
- Cereals & Oils Nutrition Research Group, Academy of Science & Technology of State Administration of Grain, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shanshan Song
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liguang Xu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liqiang Liu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Processing of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Liu ZJ, Wei X, Xu H, Li M, Zhu GB, Xue YL, Zhang Z, Zhao GD, Du DL. Sensitive detection of thiacloprid in environmental and food samples by enhanced chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25912f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A fast and sensitive enhanced chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (ECL-EIA) was developed based on horseradish peroxidase detected with a luminol-based substrate for neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid in environmental and food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen J. Liu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology
| | - Xi Wei
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
- The Affiliated First People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University
| | - Hai Xu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Ming Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Gang B. Zhu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Yong L. Xue
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Guan D. Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Engineering
- Shanxi University of Science and Technology
- Xi’an 710021
- China
| | - Dao L. Du
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology
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25
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Guo X, Cui H, Zhang H, Guan X, Zhang Z, Jia C, Wu J, Yang H, Qiu W, Zhang C, Yang Z, Chen Z, Mao G. Protective Effect of Folic Acid on Oxidative DNA Damage: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1872. [PMID: 26559255 PMCID: PMC4912249 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although previous reports have linked DNA damage with both transmissions across generations as well as our own survival, it is unknown how to reverse the lesion. Based on the data from a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of folic acid supplementation (FAS) on DNA oxidative damage reversal.In this randomized clinical trial (RCT), a total of 450 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to 3 groups to receive folic acid (FA) 0.4 mg/day (low-FA), 0.8 mg/day (high-FA), or placebo (control) for 8 weeks. The urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and creatinine (Cr) concentration at pre- and post-FAS were measured with modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. A multivariate general linear model was applied to assess the individual effects of FAS and the joint effects between FAS and hypercholesterolemia on oxidative DNA damage improvement. This clinical trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02235948.Of the 438 subjects that received FA fortification or placebo, the median (first quartile, third quartile) of urinary 8-OHdG/Cr for placebo, low-FA, and high-FA groups were 58.19 (43.90, 82.26), 53.51 (38.97, 72.74), 54.73 (39.58, 76.63) ng/mg at baseline and 57.77 (44.35, 81.33), 51.73 (38.20, 71.30), and 50.65 (37.64, 76.17) ng/mg at the 56th day, respectively. A significant decrease of urinary 8-OHdG was observed after 56 days FA fortification (P < 0.001). Compared with the placebo, after adjusting for some potential confounding factors, including the baseline urinary 8-OHdG/Cr, the urinary 8-OHdG/Cr concentration significantly decreased after 56 days FAS [β (95% confidence interval) = -0.88 (-1.62, -0.14) and P = 0.020 for low-FA; and β (95% confidence interval) = -2.68 (-3.42, -1.94) and P < 0.001 for high-FA] in a dose-response fashion (Ptrend < 0.001). Test of interaction between hypercholesterolemia and FA supplementation on urinary 8-OHdG reduction was significant (P = 0.001).The present study demonstrates that FA fortification is independently linked to the reduction of urinary 8-OHdG/Cr in a dose-related pattern, which suggests that FA is beneficial to protect against oxidative damage to DNA. This effect is apparently stronger in those with hypercholesterolemia. The authors provide a new insight into the prevention and reversal of oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Guo
- From the School of Environmental Science & Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou (XG, HZ, XG, CJ, HY, WQ, CZ, GM); School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia (XG, ZZ); University Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (HC); School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou (JW); Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Wuyuan County, Inner Mongolia, China (ZY); Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (ZC, GM); and Center on Clinical & Epidemiological Eye Disease, the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (GM)
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26
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Andrade P, Caldas E. Aflatoxins in cereals: worldwide occurrence and dietary risk assessment. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2014.1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide occurrence of aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2), genotoxic mycotoxins, in raw maize, rice, sorghum and wheat samples collected since the year 2000 was evaluated using published data and occurrence data from the GEMS/Food database (https://extranet.who.int/gemsfood). Dietary risk assessments were conducted using GEMS/Food total aflatoxin occurrence and food consumption data obtained from the 17 Cluster Diets. Risk characterisation arising from aflatoxin exposure was conducted using both cancer risk and margin of exposure (MOE) approaches. A total of 89 publications were retrieved from the literature, reporting data related to 18,097 samples, of which 37.6% were positive for at least one aflatoxin. The total upper bound (UB) mean for all samples analysed was 13.6 μg/kg, and was higher for rice (24.6 μg/kg) and sorghum (25.9 μg/kg). Of data related to the analysis of 4,536 samples reported to GEMS/Food database, 12.7% were positive for at least one aflatoxin. The total UB mean was 1.9 μg/kg, and was higher for rice (2.4 μg/kg) and maize (1.6 μg/kg). Total intakes ranged from 3.0 ng/kg bw/day (Cluster C11) to 17.1 ng/kg bw/day (Cluster C09). On average, the consumption of rice contributed to 41.6% of the total aflatoxin intake in all clusters, followed by wheat (35.4%), maize (21.2%) and sorghum (1.8%). The lowest cancer risk was found in cluster C11 (0.057 cancers/year/105 individuals), and the highest in cluster C09 (0.467 cancers/year/105 individuals). MOE ranged from 56 (C11) to 10 (C09), indicating a potential risk to consumers. These results highlight the need for continuous action by health authorities to decrease aflatoxin contamination in cereals, as they are staple foods in diets worldwide. These actions include the enforcement of code of practices at the national level and the establishment of maximum contamination levels by the Codex System.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.D. Andrade
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Campus Darci Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - E.D. Caldas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Campus Darci Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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27
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XIAO Q, LIN JM. Advances and Applications of Chemiluminescence Immunoassay in Clinical Diagnosis and Foods Safety. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(15)60831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Liu D, Huang Y, Chen M, Wang S, Liu K, Lai W. Rapid detection method for aflatoxin B1 in soybean sauce based on fluorescent microspheres probe. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Kavanagh O, Elliott CT, Campbell K. Progress in the development of immunoanalytical methods incorporating recombinant antibodies to small molecular weight biotoxins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:2749-70. [PMID: 25716465 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid immunoanalytical screening of food and environmental samples for small molecular weight (hapten) biotoxin contaminations requires the production of antibody reagents that possess the requisite sensitivity and specificity. To date animal-derived polyclonal (pAb) and monoclonal (mAb) antibodies have provided the binding element of the majority of these assays but recombinant antibodies (rAb) isolated from in vitro combinatorial phage display libraries are an exciting alternative due to (1) circumventing the need for experimental animals, (2) speed of production in commonly used in vitro expression systems and (3) subsequent molecular enhancement of binder performance. Short chain variable fragments (scFv) have been the most commonly employed rAb reagents for hapten biotoxin detection over the last two decades but antibody binding fragments (Fab) and single domain antibodies (sdAb) are increasing in popularity due to increased expression efficiency of functional binders and superior resistance to solvents. rAb-based immunochromatographic assays and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors have been reported to detect sub-regulatory levels of fungal (mycotoxins), marine (phycotoxins) and aquatic biotoxins in a wide range of food and environmental matrices, however this technology has yet to surpass the performances of the equivalent mAb- and pAb-based formats. As such the full potential of rAb technology in hapten biotoxin detection has yet to be achieved, but in time the inherent advantages of engineered rAb are set to provide the next generation of ultra-high performing binder reagents for the rapid and specific detection of hapten biotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Kavanagh
- Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK,
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30
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Selvaraj JN, Wang Y, Zhou L, Zhao Y, Xing F, Dai X, Liu Y. Recent mycotoxin survey data and advanced mycotoxin detection techniques reported from China: a review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:440-52. [PMID: 25604871 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination in agro-food systems has been a serious concern over the last few decades in China, where the Ministry of Health has set maximum limits for mycotoxins in different agro-products. Overall survey data show that aflatoxin contamination in infant cereals, edible oils, raw milk, ginger and its related products are far below Chinese regulatory limits. The absence of aflatoxin M1 contamination in infant milk powders indicates a high standard of control. Aflatoxins in liquorice roots and lotus seeds have been reported for the first time. For deoxynivalenol, high levels were found in wheat grown in the Yangtze Delta region, which is more prone to rainfall, supporting Fusarium infection. The emerging mycotoxins beauvericins and enniatins have been reported in the medicinal herbs in China. Ochratoxin A in wine was below the European Union regulatory limits, but fumonisins in maize need to be monitored and future regulatory control considered. Overall from all the survey data analysed in this review, it can be concluded that 92% of the samples analysed had mycotoxin levels below the Chinese regulatory limits. In terms of detection techniques in recent years, immuno-based assays have been developed largely due to their excellent sensitivity and ease of use. Assays targeting multiple mycotoxins like aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol have been reported using microarrays and suspension arrays targeting in particular maize, rice and peanuts. Aptamer-based assays against ochratoxin A and aflatoxins B1 and B2 have been developed involving fluorescence detection; and surface plasmon resonance immunosensors have been developed targeting wine, maize, wheat, wild rye, hay and peanut oil with high sensitivity (> 0.025 ng l(-1)). Commercialisation of these technologies is much needed for wider usage in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Nimal Selvaraj
- a Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing , Ministry of Agriculture , Beijing , China
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31
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Li Z, Yu Y, Li Z, Wu T. A review of biosensing techniques for detection of trace carcinogen contamination in food products. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:2711-26. [PMID: 25694149 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogen contaminations in the food chain, for example heavy metal ions, pesticides, acrylamide, and mycotoxins, have caused serious health problems. A major objective of food-safety research is the identification and prevention of exposure to these carcinogens, because of their impossible-to-reverse tumorigenic effects. However, carcinogen detection is difficult because of their trace-level presence in food. Thus, reliable and accurate separation and determination methods are essential to protect food safety and human health. This paper summarizes the state of the art in separation and determination methods for analyzing carcinogen contamination, especially the advances in biosensing methods. Furthermore, the application of promising technology including nanomaterials, imprinted polymers, and microdevices is detailed. Challenges and perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanming Li
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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32
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Taherimaslak Z, Amoli-Diva M, Allahyari M, Pourghazi K, Manafi MH. Low density solvent based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by vortex-assisted magnetic nanoparticle based solid-phase extraction and surfactant enhanced spectrofluorimetric detection for the determination of aflatoxins in pistachio nuts. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11484a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel extraction method based on DLLME followed by VA-D-SPE was developed to determine total aflatoxins in pistachio.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitra Amoli-Diva
- Department of Chemistry
- Payame Noor University (PNU)
- Tehran
- Iran
- Faculty of Chemistry
| | | | - Kamyar Pourghazi
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Kharazmi (Tarbiat Moallem) University
- Tehran
- Iran
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33
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Berthiller F, Brera C, Crews C, Iha M, Krsha R, Lattanzio V, MacDonald S, Malone R, Maragos C, Solfrizzo M, Stroka J, Whitaker T. Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2013-2014. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2014.1840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights developments in the determination of mycotoxins over a period between mid-2013 and mid-2014. It continues in the format of the previous articles of this series, emphasising on analytical methods to determine aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone. The importance of proper sampling and sample preparation is briefly addressed in a dedicated section, while another chapter summarises new methods used to analyse botanicals and spices. As LC-MS/MS instruments are becoming more and more widespread in the determination of multiple classes of mycotoxins, another section is focusing on such newly developed multi-mycotoxin methods. While the wealth of published methods during the 12 month time span makes it impossible to cover every single one, this exhaustive review nevertheless aims to address and briefly discuss the most important developments and trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Berthiller
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - C. Brera
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety — GMO and Mycotoxins Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - C. Crews
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - M.H. Iha
- Laboratório I de Ribeiro Preto, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, CEP 14085-410, Ribeiro Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - R. Krsha
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - V.M.T. Lattanzio
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S. MacDonald
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - R.J. Malone
- Trilogy Analytical Laboratory, 870 Vossbrink Dr, Washington, MO 63090, USA
| | - C. Maragos
- USDA, ARS National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N University St, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - M. Solfrizzo
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - J. Stroka
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - T.B. Whitaker
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, N.C. State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7625, USA
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34
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Duan P, Cai F, Luo Y, Chen Y, Zou S. Long-term chemiluminescence signal is produced in the course of luminol oxidation catalyzed by enhancer-independent peroxidase purified fromJatropha curcasleaves. LUMINESCENCE 2014; 30:818-22. [PMID: 25511847 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Feng Cai
- Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd.; Chengdu 610021 China
| | - Yongting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, CAS-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 15 Datun Road Beijing 100101 China
| | - Yangxi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Shujuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
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35
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Matumba L, Sulyok M, Njoroge SMC, Njumbe Ediage E, Van Poucke C, De Saeger S, Krska R. Uncommon occurrence ratios of aflatoxin B1, B 2, G 1, and G 2 in maize and groundnuts from Malawi. Mycotoxin Res 2014; 31:57-62. [PMID: 25194830 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-014-0209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We report an unusual aflatoxin profile in maize and groundnuts from Malawi, with aflatoxin G1 found routinely at equal or even higher levels than aflatoxin B1. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) ratio in a contaminated sample is generally greater than 50% of total aflatoxin (sum of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2). In Malawi, the aflatoxin occurrence ratios were determined by examining LC-MS/MS and HPLC fluorescence detection (FLD) data of 156 naturally contaminated raw maize and 80 groundnut samples collected in 2011 and 2012. Results showed that natural aflatoxin occurrence ratio differed. In 47% of the samples, the concentration of AFG1 was higher than that of AFB1. The mean concentration percentages of AFB1/AFB2/AFG1/AFG2 in reference to total aflatoxins were found to be 47:5:43:5%, respectively. The AFG1 and AFB1 50/50 trend was observed in maize and groundnuts and was consistent for samples collected in both years. If the AFB1 measurement was used to check compliance of total aflatoxin regulatory limit set at 10, 20, 100, and 200 μg/kg with an assumption that AFB1≥50% of the total aflatoxin content, 8, 13, 24, and 26% false negative rates would have occurred respectively. It is therefore important for legislation to consider total aflatoxins rather than AFB1 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limbikani Matumba
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium,
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Ren M, Xu H, Huang X, Kuang M, Xiong Y, Xu H, Xu Y, Chen H, Wang A. Immunochromatographic assay for ultrasensitive detection of aflatoxin B₁ in maize by highly luminescent quantum dot beads. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:14215-22. [PMID: 25109633 PMCID: PMC4149326 DOI: 10.1021/am503517s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly luminescent quantum dot beads (QBs) were synthesized by encapsulating CdSe/ZnS and used for the first time as immunochromatographic assay (ICA) signal amplification probe for ultrasensitive detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in maize. The challenges to using high brightness QBs as probes for ICA are smooth flow of QBs and nonspecific binding on nitrocellulose (NC) membrane, which are overcome by unique polymer encapsulation of quantum dots (QDs) and surface blocking method. Under optimal conditions, the QB-based ICA (QB-ICA) sensor exhibited dynamic linear detection of AFB1 in maize extract from 5 to 60 pg mL(-1), with a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 13.87 ± 0.16 pg mL(-1), that is significantly (39-fold) lower than those of the QD as a signal probe (IC50 = 0.54 ± 0.06 ng mL(-1)). The limit of detection (LOD) for AFB1 using QB-ICA sensor was 0.42 pg mL(-1) in maize extract, which is approximately 2 orders of magnitude better than those of previously reported gold nanoparticle based immunochromatographic assay (AuNP-ICA) and is even comparable with or better than the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The performance and practicability of our QB-ICA sensor were validated with a commercial ELISA kit and further confirmed with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Given its efficient signal amplification performance, the proposed QB-ICA offers great potential for rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective quantitative detection of analytes in food safety monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Ren
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, People’s Republic
of China
- Jiangxi-OAI
Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, People’s Republic
of China
- Jiangxi-OAI
Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Kuang
- Ocean
NanoTech, LLC, San Diego, California 92126, United States
| | - Yonghua Xiong
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, People’s Republic
of China
- Jiangxi-OAI
Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, People’s Republic of China
- Phone: +0086-791-8833-4578. Fax: +0086-791-8833-3708. E-mail: . Address: 235 Nanjing E. Road, Nanchang 330047, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Hong Xu
- Ocean
NanoTech, LLC, San Diego, California 92126, United States
| | - Yang Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Ocean
NanoTech, LLC, San Diego, California 92126, United States
| | - Andrew Wang
- Ocean
NanoTech, LLC, San Diego, California 92126, United States
- Phone: +001-858-689-8808. E-mail:
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Xu W, Xiong Y, Lai W, Xu Y, Li C, Xie M. A homogeneous immunosensor for AFB1 detection based on FRET between different-sized quantum dots. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 56:144-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Zhang Y, Yang JY, Lei HT, Wang H, Xu ZL, Shen YD, Zeng DP, Sun YM. Development of chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for the determination of malachite green in seafood. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2014.884056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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39
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Berthiller F, Burdaspal P, Crews C, Iha M, Krska R, Lattanzio V, MacDonald S, Malone R, Maragos C, Solfrizzo M, Stroka J, Whitaker T. Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2012-2013. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2014. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2013.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights developments in mycotoxin analysis and sampling over a period between mid-2012 and mid-2013. It covers the major mycotoxins: aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone. A wide range of analytical methods for mycotoxin determination in food and feed were developed last year, in particular immunochemical methods and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based methods. After a section on sampling and sample preparation, due to the rapid spread and developments in the field of LC-MS/MS multimycotoxin methods, a separate section has been devoted to this area of research. It is followed by a section on mycotoxins in botanicals and spices, before continuing with the format of previous reviews in this series with dedicated sections on method developments for the individual mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Berthiller
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - P.A. Burdaspal
- National Centre for Food, Spanish Food Safety and Nutrition Agency, Carretera de Majadahonda a Pozuelo km 5, 228220 Majadahonda, Spain
| | - C. Crews
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - M.H. Iha
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Laboratrio I de Ribeiro Preto, Av Dr Arnaldo 355, CEP 14085-410, Ribeiro Preto SP, Brazil
| | - R. Krska
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - V.M.T. Lattanzio
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/o, Bari 700126, Italy
| | - S. MacDonald
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - R.J. Malone
- Trilogy Analytical Laboratory, 870 Vossbrink Drive, Washington, MO 63090, USA
| | - C. Maragos
- USDA, ARS National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - M. Solfrizzo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/o, Bari 700126, Italy
| | - J. Stroka
- Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), European Commission Joint Research Centre, Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - T.B. Whitaker
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, N.C. State University, P.O. Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695-7625, USA
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Sakharov IY, Demiyanova AS, Gribas AV, Uskova NA, Efremov EE, Vdovenko MM. 3-(10′-Phenothiazinyl)propionic acid is a potent primary enhancer of peroxidase-induced chemiluminescence and its application in sensitive ELISA of methylglyoxal-modified low density lipoprotein. Talanta 2013; 115:414-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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41
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Development of a highly sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of phenylethanolamine A in tissue and feed samples and confirmed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Talanta 2013; 115:624-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rasooly R, Hernlem B, He X, Friedman M. Non-linear relationships between aflatoxin B₁ levels and the biological response of monkey kidney vero cells. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:1447-61. [PMID: 23949006 PMCID: PMC3760045 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5081447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin-producing fungi contaminate food and feed during pre-harvest, storage and processing periods. Once consumed, aflatoxins (AFs) accumulate in tissues, causing illnesses in animals and humans. Most human exposure to AF seems to be a result of consumption of contaminated plant and animal products. The policy of blending and dilution of grain containing higher levels of aflatoxins with uncontaminated grains for use in animal feed implicitly assumes that the deleterious effects of low levels of the toxins are linearly correlated to concentration. This assumption may not be justified, since it involves extrapolation of these nontoxic levels in feed, which are not of further concern. To develop a better understanding of the significance of low dose effects, in the present study, we developed quantitative methods for the detection of biologically active aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in Vero cells by two independent assays: the green fluorescent protein (GFP) assay, as a measure of protein synthesis by the cells, and the microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay, as a measure of cell viability. The results demonstrate a non-linear dose-response relationship at the cellular level. AFB1 at low concentrations has an opposite biological effect to higher doses that inhibit protein synthesis. Additional studies showed that heat does not affect the stability of AFB1 in milk and that the Vero cell model can be used to determine the presence of bioactive AFB1 in spiked beef, lamb and turkey meat. The implication of the results for the cumulative effects of low amounts of AFB1 in numerous foods is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuven Rasooly
- Foodborne Contaminants Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Albany, CA 94710, USA; E-Mails: (B.H.); (X.H.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-510-559-6478; Fax: +1-510-559-6162
| | - Bradley Hernlem
- Foodborne Contaminants Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Albany, CA 94710, USA; E-Mails: (B.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaohua He
- Foodborne Contaminants Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Albany, CA 94710, USA; E-Mails: (B.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Mendel Friedman
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Albany, CA 94710, USA; E-Mail:
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43
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Vdovenko MM, Hung CT, Sakharov IY, Yu FY. Determination of okadaic acid in shellfish by using a novel chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Talanta 2013; 116:343-6. [PMID: 24148413 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A direct competitive chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CL-ELISA) was developed to determine okadaic acid (OA). Concentrations of the capture monoclonal anti-OA antibodies, conjugate of OA-HRP and a composition of blocking buffers were varied to optimize the assay condition. The values of IC10, IC50 and working range (IC20-IC80) for CL-ELISA were 0.01, 0.07, and 0.03-0.2 ng/mL, respectively. Additionally, the analytical recovery values of CL-ELISA from 3 shellfish spiked samples with OA concentrations of 0.03, 0.1 and 0.2 ng/mL ranged from 86.7% to 111.2%. Closely examining the OA concentrations in 19 various shellfish products performed by CL-ELISA revealed that OA concentrations in 6 of the 19 examined samples was undetected, whereas the 13 samples were contaminated with low levels of OA ranging from 1.2 to 8.0 ng/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina M Vdovenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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