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Geng C, Dong Z, Zhang T, Yang Z, Xu Z, Liang S, Ding X. Advances in atmospheric pressure plasma-based optical emission spectrometry for the analysis of heavy metals. Talanta 2024; 270:125634. [PMID: 38215585 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, miniaturized optical emission spectrometry (OES) systems utilizing atmospheric pressure plasmas (APPs) as radiation sources have exhibited impressive capabilities in trace heavy metal analysis. As the core of the analytical system, APPs sources possess unique properties such as compact size, light weight, low energy requirement, ease of fabrication, and relatively low manufacturing cost. This critical review focuses on recent progress of APP-based OES systems employed for the determination of heavy metals. Influences of technical details including the sample introduction manner, the sampling volume, the sample flow rate, the pH of the solutions on the plasma stability and the intensity of analytical signals are comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the analytical challenges faced by these techniques and highlights the opportunities for further development in the field of heavy metal detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Geng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Shandong Qingdao Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Qingdao, 266002, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Qingdao Institute for Food and Drug Control, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zewen Xu
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Shuai Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Xuelu Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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2
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Sun H, Liu J, Mao X, Wang C, Zhao Y, Qian Y. Rapid detection of ultratrace urinary arsenic by direct sampling microplasma vaporization based on silicon nitride. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1251:341008. [PMID: 36925294 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
At present, immediate monitoring urinary arsenic is still a challenge for treating arsenic poisoning patients. Thus, a fast, reliable and accurate analytical approach is indispensable to monitor ultratrace arsenic in urine sample for health warning. In this work, a silicon nitride (SN) rod was first integrally utilized as a sample carrier for ≤50 μL urinary aliquot, an electric heater for removing water and ashing sample as well as a high voltage electrode for dielectric barrier discharge vaporization (DBDV). The direct analytical method of arsenic in urine without sample digestion was thus developed using atomic fluorescence spectrometer (AFS) as a model detector. After 4 V electrically heating the SN rod for 60 s, urine sample was dehydrated and ashed outside; then, DBD was exerted under 0.8 A with 0.8 L/min H2 + Ar (1:9, v:v) for 20 s to vaporize arsenic analyte from the SN rod. After optimization, 0.014 μg/L arsenic detection limit (LOD) was reached with favorable analytical precision (RSD <5%) and accuracy (91-110% recoveries) for real sample analysis. As a result, the whole analysis process only consumes <3 min to exclude complicated sample preparation; furthermore, the designed DBDV system only occupies 25 W and <2 kg, which renders a miniature sampling component to hyphenate with a miniature detector to detect arsenic. Thus, this direct sampling DBDV method extremely fulfills the fast, sensitive and precise detection of ultratrace arsenic in urine sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Sun
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, And Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jixin Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, And Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China; Beijing Ability Technology Company, Limited, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xuefei Mao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, And Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, And Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yabo Zhao
- Beijing Ability Technology Company, Limited, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongzhong Qian
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, And Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
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Liu X, Cheng G, Yang C, Zheng HT, Hu SH, Zhu ZL. Electrothermal Desolvation-Enhanced Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma-Induced Vapor Generation for Sensitive Determination of Antimony by Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4455-4462. [PMID: 35229593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel simple electrothermal desolvation-enhanced dielectric barrier discharge plasma-induced vapor generation (ETD-DBD-PIVG) method has been developed for sensitive Sb determination by atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). In our proposed ETD-DBD-PIVG, 20 μL sample solution was dried first; then, the resulting solution residue was directly converted into molecular volatile species efficiently through the interactions with hydrogen-doped DBD plasma; and finally, it was transported to AFS for detection. It was found that the desolvation process could greatly enhance Sb vapor generation, and the Sb fluorescence signal intensity is almost independent of its speciation, where comparable sensitivity is achieved for Sb(III) and Sb(V), enabling efficient total Sb detection without pre-reduction. Influencing parameters were evaluated in detail, including heating time, discharge gap, solution pH, and flow rates of argon and hydrogen, as well as coexisting ion interference. Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection was calculated as 0.86 μg L-1 (17.2 pg) for Sb. The accuracy of the proposed method was validated by the analysis of certified reference materials of simulated natural water samples and several river water samples. Compared with conventional hydride generation, the new ETD-DBD-PIVG offers an alternative green vapor generation technique with several advantages: (1) it eliminates the use of a sample flow system (e.g., no use of any syringe or peristaltic pump); instead, 20 μL of a sample is directly pipetted onto the glass plate for analysis; (2) it greatly simplifies the sample pretreatment steps as no pre-reduction process is needed; (3) it is sensitive and suitable for volume-limited sample analysis: efficient Sb vapor generation without chemical reducing reagents in ETD-DBD-PIVG enables Sb detection with an absolute limit at the picogram level. All the results demonstrate that the proposed method provides a simple, green, and sensitive method for Sb determination and it can also be extended to other elements such as Cd and As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.,Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hong-Tao Zheng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Sheng-Hong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhen-Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.,Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Appointment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430074, China
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Jakavula S, Biata NR, Dimpe KM, Pakade VE, Nomngongo PN. Magnetic Ion Imprinted Polymers (MIIPs) for Selective Extraction and Preconcentration of Sb(III) from Environmental Matrices. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:21. [PMID: 35012044 PMCID: PMC8747241 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimony(III) is a rare element whose chemical and toxicological properties bear a resemblance to those of arsenic. As a result, the presence of Sb(III) in water might have adverse effects on human health and aquatic life. However, Sb(III) exists at very ultra-trace levels which may be difficult for direct quantification. Therefore, there is a need to develop efficient and reliable selective extraction and preconcentration of Sb(III) in water systems. Herein, a selective extraction and preconcentration of trace Sb(III) from environmental samples was achieved using ultrasound assisted magnetic solid-phase extraction (UA-MSPE) based on magnetic Sb(III) ion imprinted polymer-Fe3O4@SiO2@CNFs nanocomposite as an adsorbent. The amount of antimony in samples was determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The UA-MSPE conditions were investigated using fractional factorial design and response surface methodology based on central composite design. The Sb(III)-IIP sorbent displayed excellent selectivity towards Sb(III) as compared to NIIP adsorbent. Under optimised conditions, the enrichment factor, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of UA-MSPE/ICP-OES for Sb(III) were 71.3, 0.13 µg L-1 and 0.44 µg L-1, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision expressed as relative standard deviations (%RSDs, n = 10 and n = 5) were 2.4 and 4.7, respectively. The proposed analytical method was applied in the determination of trace Sb(III) in environmental samples. Furthermore, the accuracy of the method was evaluated using spiked recovery experiments and the percentage recoveries ranged from 95-98.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silindokuhle Jakavula
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; (S.J.); (N.R.B.); (K.M.D.)
- Department of Science and Innovation-National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative (DSI-NRF SARChI), Nanotechnology for Water, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Nkositetile Raphael Biata
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; (S.J.); (N.R.B.); (K.M.D.)
- Department of Science and Innovation-National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative (DSI-NRF SARChI), Nanotechnology for Water, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Kgogobi M. Dimpe
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; (S.J.); (N.R.B.); (K.M.D.)
| | - Vusumzi Emmanuel Pakade
- Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X 021, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa;
| | - Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; (S.J.); (N.R.B.); (K.M.D.)
- Department of Science and Innovation-National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative (DSI-NRF SARChI), Nanotechnology for Water, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
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Zhang Y, Na X, Shao Y, Liu J, Tian D, Mao X. Determination of Arsenic in Soil by Ultrasonic Assisted Slurry Sampling Hydride Generation (HG) in-Situ Dielectric Barrier Discharge Trap (DBD)-Optical Emission Spectrometry (OES). ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.2004156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Zhang
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Na
- Beijing Ability Technique Company, Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Yunbin Shao
- Beijing Ability Technique Company, Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Jixin Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Ability Technique Company, Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Di Tian
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuefei Mao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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Gu S, Huang X, Chen M, Liu J, Mao X, Na X, Chen G, Shao Y. Novel Dielectric Barrier Discharge Trap for Arsenic Introduced by Electrothermal Vaporization: Possible Mechanism and Its Application. Anal Chem 2021; 93:15063-15071. [PMID: 34706540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel integrated dielectric barrier discharge (IDBD) reactor coupled to an electrothermal vaporizer (ETV) was established for arsenic determination. It is for the first time gas-phase enrichment (GPE) was fulfilled based on the hyphenation of ETV and DBD. The mechanisms of evolution of arsenic atomic and molecular species during vaporization, transportation, trapping, and release processes were investigated via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and other approaches. Tentative mechanisms were deduced as follows: the newly designed DBD atomizer (DBDA) tube upstream to the air inlet fulfills the atomization of arsenic nanoparticles in vaporized aerosol, leading to free arsenic atoms that are indispensable for forming arsenic oxides; the DBD trap (DBDT) tube traps arsenic oxides under an O2-domininating atmosphere and then releases arsenic atoms under H2-dominating atmospheres. In essence, this process is a physical-chemical process rather than an electrostatic particle deposition. Such a trap and release sequence separates matrix interference and enhances analytical sensitivity. Under the optimized conditions, the method detection limit (LOD) was 0.04 mg/kg and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were within 6% for As standard solution and real seafood samples, indicating adequate analytical sensitivity and precision. The mean spiked recoveries for laver, kelp, and Undaria pinnatifida samples were 95-110%, and the results of the certified reference materials (CRMs) were consistent with certified values. This ETV-DBD preconcentration scheme is easy and green and has low cost for As analysis in seafood samples. DBD was proved a novel ETV transportation enhancement and preconcentration technique for arsenic, revealing its potential in rapid arsenic analysis based on direct solid sampling ETV instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Gu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.,Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xudong Huang
- Beijing Ability Technology Company, Limited, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mingli Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jixin Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.,Beijing Ability Technology Company, Limited, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuefei Mao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xing Na
- Beijing Ability Technology Company, Limited, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guoying Chen
- Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Yunbin Shao
- Beijing Ability Technology Company, Limited, Beijing 100081, China
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Cai Z, Qian L, Peng X, Wang Z. Direct Ultratrace Detection of Lead in a Single Hair Using Portable Electromagnetic Heating Vaporization-Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge-Atomic Emission Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14701-14707. [PMID: 34704432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the first demonstration of direct ultratrace determination of lead in a single human hair by direct current-atmospheric pressure glow discharge-atomic emission spectrometry (DC-APGD-AES) coupled with electromagnetic heating vaporization (EMV) was described. Only the ultramicro mass of a human hair sample (about 0.15 mg, often a single human hair) was required during the analysis, and fast detection was implemented without tedious pretreatment processes, such as grinding and digestion. A limit of detection (LOD) of 30.8 μg kg-1 (4.8 pg) for Pb was obtained under optimized conditions, which was even equivalent to that of conventional LA-ICP-MS/ETV-ICP-MS/GFAAS. EMV-APGD-AES, meanwhile, can facilitate miniaturization and portability with low power and small size. The accuracy and practicality of the method were verified by the analysis of certified reference materials (CRMs) GBW09101b (human hair) and human hair samples from three volunteers. A simple, efficient, and low-cost method for detecting Pb in human hair has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ling Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xiaoxu Peng
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Mao X, Chen G, Tian D. Review of miniaturized and portable optical emission spectrometry based on microplasma for elemental analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang Y, Mao X, Tian D, Liu J, Li C. Trace arsenic analysis in edible seaweeds by miniature in situ dielectric barrier discharge microplasma optical emission spectrometry based on gas phase enrichment. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:4079-4089. [PMID: 34554154 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01034d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel method using low-cost miniaturized hydride generation optical emission spectrometry equipment coupled with an in situ dielectric barrier discharge trap (HG-in situ DBD trap-OES) was established for the determination of As in edible seaweed samples. An improved peak volume algorithm, where the start time point and end time point of the spectrum at each concentration are determined according to the unified judgment criteria, was first proposed to extend the linear range from 1-100 μg L-1 to 1-200 μg L-1, and increase the sensitivity by about 30%. In addition, a modification was done on the DBD implementation, providing an enhancement of sensitivity by a factor of about 4 for As. All in all the detection limit (LOD) was improved from 0.5 μg L-1 to 0.2 μg L-1. By applying the method to seaweed samples, a method detection limit (MD) of 0.25 mg kg-1 was achieved, with less than 3% relative standard deviations (RSDs). The calibration linearity reached R2 > 0.990 in the 1.25-250 mg kg-1 range. Results obtained by the proposed method showed good agreement with that of certified reference materials (CRMs), and spiked recoveries were 103% to 114%, indicating favorable accuracy. The proposed method is attractive in terms of instrumentation size (0.6 m × 0.5 m × 0.3 m), power consumption (<60 W), manufacturing cost, and gas consumption (300 measurements for 4 L compressed Ar/H2 gas), and therefore more advantageous than conventional atomic spectrometric methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Zhang
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuefei Mao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Di Tian
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
| | - Jixin Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Ability Technique Company, Limited, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
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